Illyrian warfare - Knowledge (XXG)

4346:

Danube (*Danuvius) in the valleys of the Drava and Sava and the latter’s Bosnian tributaries. In 119 BC the Romans campaigned against them, not for the first time, seizing *Siscia. In 35 BC Octavian (see AUGUSTUS) advanced against them and recaptured Siscia, where he established a garrison. Fighting broke out in 16 BC with a Pannonian invasion of Istria and continued in 14. In 13 M. *Vipsantius Agrippa and M. *Vinicius advanced eastward down the Sava and Drava valleys. After Agrippa’s death (12 BC) the conquest of the Pannonians, notably the Breuci in the Sava valley was completed ruthlessly by *Tiberius and Roman control was extended to the Danube (Res Gestae Rivi Augusti 100 30). Pannonia north of the Drava appears to have accepted Roman rule without a struggle probably owing to fear of the Dacians to the east. Some fighting is attested in 8 BC by Sex. Apulleius but Pannonia remained more or less at peace until 6 AD when the Breuci joined the Daesitiates in revolt under two chiefs called *Bato (1–2). After AD 9 Pannonia was governed by Legati Augusti pro praetore of consular rank; see LEGATI. When Dacia was annexed in 106, Pannonia was subdivided into two provinces the larger superior in the west under a consular legate and facing the * Germans and inferior in the east facing the Sarmatians under a praetorian .The latter was upgraded to consular under *Caracalla..."

650:

Balkans at this time looked at this movement with apprehension. Ptolemy, the king of Macedonia, took the news of the Gauls casually. He looked down with derision on the proposal of the king of the Dardanians possibly Monunius who sent delegates to say that they could offer 20,000 warriors to assist him. In an insulting manner, he said that the work was for the Macedonians to do. When the king of the Dardanians was told of this, he replied that the soon glorious Macedonian kingdom would fall because of the immaturity of a youth. And so it happened, for in the battle that took place a few days later in Macedonia, the Macedonian army was routed and Ptolemy was wounded and taken prisoner. After continuing south and raiding the

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the regular Roman military unit be simplified in order to function more smoothly. Each ship operated as an individual entity, so the more complicated organization normally used was not necessary. Within the navy, there were probably Liburnian of several varying sizes, all put to specific tasks such as scouting and patrolling Roman waters against piracy. The Romans made use of the liburnian particularly within the provinces of the empire, where the ships formed the bulk of the fleets, while it was included by small numbers in fleets of Ravenna and Micenum, where a large number of the Illyrians were serving, especially Dalmatae, Liburnians and Pannonians.

602:

later as the horsemen pressed on from the flank and rear and Philip with the flower of his troops fought with true heroism, the mass of the Illyrians was compelled to take hastily to flight. When the pursuit had been kept up for a considerable distance and many had been slain in their flight, Philip recalled the Macedonians with the trumpet and erecting a trophy of victory buried his own dead, while the Illyrians, having sent ambassadors and withdrawn from all the Macedonian cities, obtained peace. But more than seven thousand Illyrians were slain in this battle.

1150: 581:

his forces and to defeat the Illyrians, who were still under Bardyllis, in the decisive Erigon Valley battle by killing about 7,000 and eliminating the Illyrian menace for some time. In this battle Bardyllis himself was killed at the age of 90 after Philip II refused a peace treaty offered by the Illyrians. In 335 BC the southern Illyrian states were all subjected by Alexander the Great and only at the end of the 4th century BC won their independence.

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king was channelled through the collective loyalty of a tribe to the chief. In historical sources they are described as a peasant infantry fighting under aristocratic proprietors (polydynastae) each one controlling a town within the kingdom. The Dalmatians were known to use Partisan tactics against the Romans which were successful in inflicting serious defeats on the best of the Roman legions.

1678: 2425:, 3.5.4. "As the Encheleans were being attacked by the Illyrians, the god declared by an oracle that they would get the better of the Illyrians if they had Cadmus and Harmonia as their leaders. They believed him, and made them their leaders against the Illyrians, and got the better of them. And Cadmus reigned over the Illyrians, and a son Illyrius was born to him." 1146:. However another form of body armor was a bronze pectoral that may have protected part of the back as well. It was more like a disc "breastplate" of 10 cm in diameter. Greaves to protect the legs were used from the 7th century BC and probably even earlier. They first appeared in Illyria from its southern borders and are found only in princely graves. 3570:, 2002, page 248-249, "It concernes 5,000 Illyrian troops whose baggage Demetrius had captured 'in the battle around Lampsacus'. They had lost everything and Lysimachus was seriously worried they would mutiny. He therefore took preventive action, withdrew them from the front on the pretext of issuing their rations and killed them to the last man." 498:, the previous Illyrian king, who had entered in a peace treaty over the control of Lyncestis. Bardyllis succeeded in bringing various tribes into a single organisation and soon became a formidable power in the Balkans, resulting in a change of relations with Macedonia. Using new war tactics in 393 BC the Illyrians won a decisive battle against 1603: 122:: These conflicts happened because of land, pastures and areas of natural substances such as iron and salt. The Romans, before they conquered Illyria, were involved in tribal conflicts and used them to their advantage. The most known incident is the involvement of the Romans in a war between the Dalmatians and the Liburnians over 1383:. The Illyrians practised boarding tactics against enemy vessels. Although this view was widely accepted at first this connection is not completely true. Ancient Greek and Roman authors often attacked Illyrians in their works merely because they saw them as enemies and so many sources may be heavily exaggerated. 1065:"But the Illyrians, forming themselves into a square, courageously entered the fray. And at first for a long while the battle was evenly poised because of the exceeding gallantry displayed on both sides, and as many were slain and still more wounded, the fortune of battle vacillated first one way then the other" 1445:

In contemporary authors, the name was associated with a class rather than a specific type of vessels, as considerable variation is evident in the sources: the number of oars ranged from 16 to 50, they could be one- or double-banked, and some types did not have a ram, presumably being used as couriers

1309:

because to him they bore a special gift of ship building. The earliest evidence of Illyrian ships is from the design of a ship incised on bronze greaves from Glasinac dating from the 8th century BC to the 7th century BC. The front of this ship is constructed in the form of an animal probably a horse.

465:

In c.440 BC the Messapian city-state of Brindisi entered into an alliance with Thurii. The Brindisi-Thurri army had a leadership advantage in the form of Cleandridas, an exiled Spartan general who had been banished from the Peloponnese for accepting an Athenian bribe as an advisor of the Spartan king

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The Oxford Classical Dictionary by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth, 2003, page 1106, "Pannonia, a Roman province established AD 9 and named after the Pannonii, a group of Illyrian peoples (see ILLYRII) who had absorbed Celtic influences to various degrees (see CELTS), lay south and west of the

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The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C. by J. Boardman, N. G. L. Hammond, page 267, "Then about 626 B.C. the Taulantians invoked the aid of Corcyra and Corinth against the Liburnians. Again the Greeks were victorious. They planted a colony at Epidamnus and drove the Illyrian

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Strabo, Geography, 6.2, "While Archias was on his voyage to Sicily, he left Chersicrates, a chief of the race of the Heracleidæ with a part of the expedition to settle the island now called Corcyra,62 but anciently called Scheria, and he, having expelled the Liburni who possessed it, established his

1629:

were fortified boroughs, usually located on hills or mountains or, more rarely (such as in Friuli), in plains. They were constituted by one or more concentric series of walls, of rounded or elliptical shape in Istria and Venezia Giulia, or quadrangular in Friuli, within which was the inhabited area.

1523:

not because of rowing but rather because of its specific constructional features. It was 109 ft (33 m) long and 16 ft (5 m) wide with a 3 ft (0.91 m) draft. Two rows of oarsmen pulled 18 oars per side. The ship could make up to 14 knots under sail and more than 7 under

1378:

The Illyrians were often referred to as pirates, raiding Greek and Roman vessels. Illyrian's indulgence in piracy was one that brought them infamy and invited their downfall. Their rugged broken coast with its screen of islands formed a perfect base from which their light and speedy little to attack

1073:

and Teuta is no more represented in phalanxes but in smaller troops, armoured well and fast moving. These tactics also used in Roman times were ready for independent operations and so were more effective than earlier phalanxes. These exact tactics were agile for quick and surprising actions and soon

580:

Following the disastrous defeat of the Macedonians by Bardyllis, when king Philip took control of Macedonian throne in 358 BC, he reaffirmed the treaty with the Illyrians, marrying the Illyrian princess Audata, probably the daughter or the niece of Bardyllis. This gave Philip valuable time to gather

302:

From the 9th to the 6th century BC there was certain koine – cultural unity in the Adriatic, with the general Liburninan seal, whose naval supremacy meant both political and economical authority through several centuries. Some similar toponyms attested not only Liburnian but also other Illyrian

2775:, "...Molossi, Alcetas, who was a refugee at his court, Dionysius sent a supply of arms and 2,000 troops to the Illyrians, who burst into Epirus and slaughtered 15,000 Molossians. Sparta intervened as soon as they had learned of the events and expelled the Illyrians, but Alcetas had regained his..." 2231:

51 BC. Delmatae defeat Liburnians, Roman main allies and clients on the Adriatic. Because of this conflict Delmatae will join Pompey in the civil war while Liburnians would support Caesar with their navies. Iapodes use the entire situation to slip away from Roman control and stop paying tribute for

1531:

Once the Romans had adopted the Liburnian, they proceeded to make a few adaptations to improve the ships’ use within the navy. The benefits gained from the addition of rams and protection from missiles more than made-up for the slight loss of speed. Besides the construction, the ships required that

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In 280 BC they moved in three directions: toward Macedonia and Illyria, toward Greece, and toward Thrace. The main army according to Diodorus, of 150,000-foot soldiers equipped with great shields and 10,000 horsemen was followed by 2,000 wagons transporting food and equipment. All the states of the

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The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996, page 233&236, "The Illyrians liked decorated belt-buckles or clasps (see figure 29). Some of gold and silver with openwork designs of stylised birds have a similar distribution to the Mramorac bracelets and may also have been produced

1054:

Illyrians in ancient sources were known as brave and skilled fighters. The Illyrians appeared in war as free warriors under their rulers or kings. Similar to other societies the status of a leader was determined by the number of warriors who followed him. Obedience to a higher authority such as a

601:

And at first for a long while the battle was evenly poised because of the exceeding gallantry displayed on both sides, and as many were slain and still more wounded, the fortune of battle vacillated first one way then the other, being constantly swayed by the valorous deeds of the combatants; but

618:

From the 4th century BC, Celtic groups pushed into the Carpathian region and the Danube basin, coinciding with their movement into Italy. According to legend, 300,000 Celts moved into Italy and Illyria. By the 3rd century, the native inhabitants of Pannonia were almost completely Celticized. The

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in the 3rd century BC. The Illyrian tactics consisted of lashing their galleys together in groups of four and inviting a broadside attack from a ram. The Illyrians would then board the enemy craft in overwhelming numbers. Illyrian war ships were adopted by many peoples especially the Greeks and

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origin. Weaponry was very important to the Illyrians in the time of war; however, at times, only the rich and nobles could afford some types, like greaves and helmets. A great deal of armor was imported mainly to the Greek mainland, as proven by the discovery of Greek weapons in Glacinac graves

1422:, with a single bank of oars and no sails. It was small and light, with a low freeboard. It was a fast and manoeuvrable warship capable of carrying 50 men in addition to the rowers. It was most commonly associated with the vessels used by the Illyrian tribes, chiefly for piracy, in the area of 1313:

Illyrian ships were a favourite depiction on Illyrian coins especially on the coinage of the Labatae. The type of war ships presented on the coins is hard to determine. However, all the depictions show a similarity in which the bows of the ships were shaped in the form of a serpents head. The

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in Greece, which lasted from August 31 to September 2 of 31 BC. Because of its naval and manoeuvrer features and bravery of its Liburnian crews, these ships completely defeated much bigger and heavier eastern ships, quadriremes and penterames. Liburna was different from the battle triremes,

1037:

The fighting of the Illyrian Revolt had lasting effects on Roman soldiers. Unhappy with their payment of swampy and mountainous Pannonian lands for such harsh military service, and with abuses relating to their pay and conditions, Roman soldiers staged a mutiny in AD 14 demanding recompense.

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The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C. by J. Boardman, N. G. L. Hammond, page 267, "...the first successful challenge to Liburnian seapower came from Corinth. The Bacchiade sent an unusually large expedition, which drove the Liburnians and the Eretrians from

502:, expelling him and ruling Macedonia through a puppet king. in 392 BC Amyntas III allied himself with the Thessalians and took Macedonia under his rule, taking it from the Dardanians. After continuous invasions Bardyllis forced the Macedonians to pay him an annual tribute in 372 BC. 3484:, 1977, page 174, "Resembling the northern Illyrian oval shield was one introduced into Illyria by the Celts. Apart from the iron boss, nothing was preserved from these Celtic shields. It is known though that they were oblong shaped and made of wood with an umbo in the center..." 4335:

Horace : Epodes and Odes (Oklahoma Series in Classical Culture, Vol 10, Latin language edition) by Daniel H. Garrison,1998, page 259, "... triumpho: he was awarded a triumph for his defeat of the Illyrian Parthini in 39 B.C. peperit: has procured; from pario. 17–24.

3991:, "WHEN the time appointed arrived, Philip put to sea from Congress at Nicaea in Locris, winter of B. C. 198-197. Coss. Titus Quinctius Flamininus, Sext. Aelius Paetus Catus. Demetrias and came into the Melian Gulf, with five galleys and one beaked war-ship (pristis)..." 2459:, 1996, page 83, "They went to Illyria to live amongst the Encheleans who had been attacked by the Illyrians. The Encheleans had been promised victory by an Oracle if Cadmus and Harmonia would lead them and as this condition was fulfilled they were indeed victorious." 680:

became united under one queen, Teuta. The death of a Roman envoy named Coruncanius on the orders of Teuta and the attack on trading vessels owned by Italian merchants under Rome's protection, prompted the Roman senate to dispatch a Roman army under the command of the

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The fact that Illyrian warriors were buried with their weapons has resulted in an abundant amount of surviving intact. The works of ancient authors fail to provide a clear picture on Illyrian weapons and the only true contributor to this matter was the Roman poet

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with its use beginning from the 7th century BC. The Illyrian helmet was made from bronze and consisted of a great, crested plume on the top. The origin and the time period this helmet used has been a subject of much debate. Some experts allocate its origins in

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The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996, page 158, "...Illyrian success continued when command passed to Agron's widow Teuta, who granted individual ships a licence to universal plunder. In 231 ac the fleet and army attacked Ells and

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The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996, page 238-239, "Although a short curved sword was used by several peoples around the Mediterranean the Romans regarded the sica as a distinct Illyrian weapon used by the stealthy 'assassin'

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in Classical Liburnia), a ship keel with bottom planking made of 6 rows of the wooden boards on each side, specifically joined together, sewn with resin cords and wooden wedges, testifying the Liburnian shipbuilding tradition style, therefore named

3157:, 1995, Page 164, "... Hannibal was anxious to make his descent on Italy before the Romans had got through with the Gallic and Illyrian wars. He had made many preparations to this end, not only in men and material, but in reconnoitring..." 1274:

The nobility had access to breastplates and greaves whilst the bulk of the army did not. The kings did not resemble the rest of the army and were the only ones with full body protection which was a rarity. Illyrian kings and rulers wore bronze

481:

in 304 BC was an anti-Roman campaign. Thus towards the end of the fourth century Rome had become a common enemy for both the Iapygians and the Tarentines, even as far as ending the prolonged battles and causing them to make an alliance.

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for many centuries. Their ships, which were relatively small were not capable of direct naval battle with the heavier war-ships of the Greeks and Romans and most of the time were defeated. An exception is the victory over the island of

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in the 8th century BC. The Enchele held dominance for two centuries until their state crumbled from the start of the 6th century BC. After the Enchelii the Taulanti formed their own state in the 7th century BC. The Autariatae under

4000:πρίστις, a sea-monster (another form of pistrix), V.—A long, narrow ship of war, L.—As the name of a vessel, V.Lewis, Charlton, T. An Elementary Latin Dictionary. New York, Cincinnati, and Chicago. American Book Company. 1890. 3493:

The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996, page 238, "Their principal offensive weapon was the single edged curved-sword, similar to the Greek machaira, a form of weapon that can be traced back to Bronze age

2470:...North of Dassaretis in the middle and upper valley of the Genusus was the territory of the Illyrian Parthini, likely to have been part of the Taulantii until they first appear as Roman allies late in the third century ..." 470:, refused anchorage and water to Athens in 415 BC, and even sent ships to help the Peloponnesians, after the Athenian disaster in Sicily. On the other side, Athens supported the Messapians, in order to counter Taranto power. 380:

raids to the narrow Liburnian region at the eastern Adriatic coast were peripheral in geographical meaning. Despite the recorded material exchange, Celtic archaeological forms are marginal and secondary in regions settled by

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A History of Greece to 322 B.C. by N. G. L. Hammond, 1986, page 372, "... involved in a war against Perdiccas' neighbour to the west, Arrhabaeus of Lyncus, and he and the Chalcidians entered the territory of Acanthus,

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and claim it went out of use in Illyria in the 4th century BC. Others claim that the helmet has its origins in Illyria and that it was used up to the 2nd century BC, proven by depictions on Illyrian city coins of the time.

1299:

The Illyrians were notorious sailors in the ancient world. They were great ship builders and seafarers. The most skillful Illyrian sailors were the Liburnians, Japodes, Delmatae and Ardiaei. The greatest navy was built by

2496:

The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996, page 223, "The salt source that was a cause of conflict between the Illyrian Ardiaei and Autariatae may be that at Orahovica in the upper Neretva valley near

1061:(1st century BC) writes of the Illyrian military formation in this battle that was an attempt for a coordinated stance by forming a square. His exact words are: "Ἰλλυριοὶ συντάξαντες ἑαυτούς εἰς πλινθίον ἐρρωμένος". 2094:

280 BC. Celts invade the Balkan peninsula, crossing through Dardanian and Paeonian territory into Macedonia and Greece, reaching Thermopylae by 279 BC. Dardanian pleas for help unanswered by Macedonian king Ptolemy

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island, including 7 unearthed docks, marine arsenal, and stony fortifications; this early harbour persisted in ancient and medieval function to the 16th century. Liburnians constructed different ship types; their

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fleets. Liburna was presented as light type of the ship with one row or the oars, one mast, one sail and prow twisted outwards. Under the prow there was a rostrum made for striking the enemy ships under the sea.

1291:(that may have protected part of the back as well). It was more like a disc "breastplate" of 10 cm in diameter. Local greaves made of bronze were strapped on the legs. Metal riveted belts were used as well. 2172:

219 BC. Aemilius Paulus commands the Roman armies against the Illyrians under Demetrius of Pharos inflicting multiple Illyrian defeats. This causes Demetrius to flee to Macedonia thus ending the Second Illyrian

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who created the last and best-known Illyrian kingdom. Agron ruled over the Ardiaei and had extended his rule to other tribes as well. As for the Dardanians, they always had separate domains from the rest of the

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A History of Rome to A.D. 565 – page 111 by Arthur Edward Romilly Boak, William Gurnee Sinnigen, "The island of Pharos and some adjacent territory in Illyria were given to a Greek adventurer, Demetrius of

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183 BC. Philip V of Macedon makes an alliance with the Bastarnae to settle in Dardanian territory and wipe out the Dardanians. Philips plan fails, Bastarnae raid Dardanian territory but do not settle and go

3396:

Further east the formidable Daesitiates of central Bosnia retained their name. The great rebellion of AD 6 had been led by their chief Bato, and their relatively low total of 103 decuriae likely reflects...

3081:, Page 160, "The Roman invasion of Illyria in 229 sc appears to have caught Teuta and the Illyrians completely off guard. As soon as the weather permitted, the queen had ordered south a naval expedition..." 2098:

279 BC. Celts defeated after raiding Delphi by a Greek coalition. They hastily retreat to the north. Along the way they are harassed by Dardanians and lose most of their plunder. Autariatai absorbed by the

1121:

two types of shields were used: the Illyrian circular shield and the oval/rectangular type used by the northern Illyrians. The most common was the circular shield, which was made of wood and leather with a

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Urbano biće Bosne i Hercegovine – page 27 by Seka Brkljača – 1996, "Its name was Daorson. It belonged to the Hellenistic civilization and sphere of the Greek culture. Its 46 meters of the old fortress are

3131:, page 161, "... Gulf of Kotor. The Romans decided that enough had been achieved and hostilities ceased. The consuls handed over Illyria to Demetrius and withdrew the fleet and army to Epidamnus, ..." 3098:., Page 177, "... who appears to have ruled after 168 Bc at Queen Teuta's old stronghold Rhizon (Risan). His silver issues are rare, but bronze coins, without the royal title, occur on Hvar, both ..." 1141:

Breast-armour and greaves were a speciality for the rich only in Illyrian society. Bronze breast-armor was used very rarely by the northern Illyrians and only three examples have been discovered so far in

569:

worked and the Molossians fell upon the Illyrians who were encumbered with booty and defeated them. In the same year Arymbas of the Mollosians defeated the Illyrians after they raided and looted Epirus.

4326:

The Oxford Classical Dictionary by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth, 2003, page 426, "during the Civil wars they sided with the Pompeians and defeated Caesars Legates Q. Cornificius and A.Gabinus"

211:(Greek: Πολυδυνάστες) where each one controlled a town within the kingdom. The monarchy was established on hereditary lines and Illyrian rulers used marriages as a means of alliance with other powers. 577:

in which the king himself was killed along with 4,000 of his soldiers and the Illyrians occupied the cities of upper Macedonia. The Macedonian king's attempt to reconquer upper Macedonia had failed.

4113:, 1994, page 423, "Through contact with their Greek neighbors some Illyrian tribe became bilingual (Strabo Vii.7.8.Diglottoi) in particular the Bylliones and the Taulantian tribes close to Epidamnus" 1130:. The Illyrian circular shield resembled the Macedonian version but differed from the number of circular decortication. Their shapes with either round (peltes), rectangular or oval. A type of wooden 450:(modern Ceglie), in what Herodotus claims to be the greatest slaughter of Greeks in his knowledge, with 3,000 Reggians and uncountable Tarentines killed. In 466 BC, Taranto was again defeated by the 4125:

Dalmatia: research in the Roman province 1970–2001 : papers in honour of J.J. by David Davison, Vincent L. Gaffney, J. J. Wilkes, Emilio Marin, 2006, page 21, "...completely Hellenised town..."

2319:

defeats Daesitiates and Breuci. Despite their defeat the Illyrians late inflict heavy casualties at the Battle of Sirmium and are later strengthened when more Illyrian tribes join in the rebellion

3626:, page 240, "Body armour, breastplates greaves and helmets were the privilege of a minority with a few examples of full body protection being known only in the Dolensko region of Slovenia." 2190:

181 BC. The Histri attempt to prevent the Romans from building Aquileia to no avail. Shortly after this Epulon becomes ruler of the Histri and unites much of Histria ruling from Nesactium.

3307:...Pannonian Illyrians between Italy and the East. That could only be done at a great cost and not before a rebellion of Illyricum brought the regime of Augustus to the brink of disaster. 4317:

Archaic and Classical Greece: A Selection of Ancient Sources in Translation by Michael H. Crawford and David Whitehead, 1983, page 592, "When Perdikkas was defeated in a great battle..."

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in the Lika valley. It was made from wicker and chain-mail while metal plates around the sides were optional. Under influence from Illyria's northern neighbours, the Italic peoples, the

1474:

to the Romans, propelled by oars. According to some thoughts, liburna was shown in the scene of naval battle, curved on a stone tablet (Stele di Novilara) found near Antique Pisaurum (

369:

union in the 6th century BC, whose rich material presence in the basin of Po river, undoubtedly meant weakening of the Liburnian thalassocracy influence in the north-west of Adriatic.

1622:. Most enclosures were round or oval with very few exceptions for other shapes and the largest two were 200 meters across while most are not anything more than fortified blockhouses. 458:, who praises its government, there were so many aristocrats killed that the democratic party was able to get the power, to remove the monarchy, inaugurate a democracy, and expel the 4096:

Stanley M. Burstein, Walter Donlan, Jennifer Tolbert Roberts, and Sarah B. Pomeroy. A Brief History of Ancient Greece: Politics, Society, and Culture. Oxford University Presspage 255

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Battles of the Greek and Roman Worlds: A Chronological Compendium of 667 Battles to 31Bc, from the Historians of the Ancient World (Greenhill Historic Series) by John Drogo Montagu,

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breaks to the Italian peninsula, after 400 BC, significantly changed ethnic and political picture there, it directly imperilled remaining Liburnian possessions on the western coast.

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The rising began among the Daesitiates of central Bosnia under their leader Bato but they were soon joined by the Breuci. The four-year war which lasted from AD 6 to 9 saw huge...

573:

In 360 BC the southern Paeonian tribes launched raids against Macedonia in support of an Illyrian invasion. In 359 BC Bardyllis won a decisive battle against the Macedonian king

1198:. The sica was developed during the Bronze Age. The sica's blade was about 16–18 inches (41–46 centimetres) long. It became widely used and adopted by other peoples such as the 1764:

on their shields and used similar designs on bracelets. The Illyrians used four concentric half circles whilst the Macedonians five. This ancient Greek symbol was prominent in

746:

with Carthage was beginning. These distractions gave Demetrius the time he needed to build a new Illyrian war fleet. Leading this fleet of 90 ships, Demetrius sailed south of

977:. He resorted to the compulsory purchase and emancipation of thousands of slaves in order to amass enough troops. This happened for the first time since the aftermath of the 812:, which were allied with Rome. In 168 he was defeated at Scodra by a Roman force under L. Anicius Gallus, and in 167 brought to Rome as a captive to participate in Gallus' 557:

but not before ravaging the region and killing 15,000 Molossians. Thus their attempt to control Epirus failed. In 360 BC, another Illyrian attack forced the Molossian king

195:

ruled the entire region. The internal organization of the south Illyrian kingdoms points to imitation of their neigh boring Greek kingdoms and influence from the Greek and

1149: 2687:, page 266, "In the ninth century the Liburnians, then the leading seapower in the inner adriatic, expanded southwards so that by the first half of the eighth century..." 3553:, page 168, "Like Thracians to the east the Illyrians were an important source of military manpower, and often served as separate contingents under their own leaders..." 3226:

Polybius: The Rise of the Roman Empire, Book 6.19, "Demetrius arrived unexpectedly at the court of King Philip of Macedon, where he remained for the rest of his life"

685: 3790:, 1991, page 76, "Similarly the pirates on the Illyrian coast are said to have developed vessels that were named after their tribes, the lembus, pristis and liburna" 4241: 58:

Illyrians were renowned warriors, according to ancient sources. They were known as skilled craftsmen and shipbuilders in ancient times and controlled much of the

1234:, short thrusting spears, battle axes, single-handed axes that could be hurled and also bows and arrows which were used from the start of the 2nd millennium BC. 4364:

The Oxford Classical Dictionary by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth, 2003, page 1370, "...they co-operated with Tiberius in attacks on Pannonian Breuci..."

4105:

The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume 6: The Fourth Century BC by D. M. Lewis (Editor), John Boardman (Editor), Simon Hornblower (Editor), M. Ostwald (Editor),

761:, quelling resistance they found on the way. Demetrius foolishly sent a fleet across the Adriatic, and, with the Illyrian forces divided, the fortified city of 3166:

Polybius: The Rise of the Roman Empire, Book 6.16, "Demetrius of Pharos had broken his treaty with the Republic by sailing beyond Lissus with fifty boats..."

3016: 2834:, "Bardyllis who seize power and set himself up as king of the Dardani. Forming and alliance with Dionysius tyrant of Syracuse he killed 15,000 Molossians." 430:. The expansion of Taranto was limited to the coast because of the resistance of the populations of inner Apulia. In 473 BC, Taranto signed an alliance with 191:

The Illyrian kingdoms were composed of small areas within the region of Illyria. The exact extent of even the most prominent ones remains unknown. Only the

2316: 935: 3295:

It had originally been joined to Illyricum, but after the great Illyrian/Pannonian revolt of A.D. 6 it was made a separate province with its own governor.

4266: 1826:

by the time Romans conquered Illyria in 168 BC and their equipment reflected this. Inhabitants of Roman Dalmatia applied a poison on their arrows called

1254:

tribe) to the last man, because he was convinced that they would join the enemy. Previously in 302 BC 2,000 of his Illyrian mercenaries had defected to

626:

We have little information about the affairs in the Illyrian hinterland, but we do know that the first Balkan tribe to be defeated by the Celts was the

1818:

rebelled in AD 6. Nearly two hundred years of Roman rule changed the weapons of the Illyrians by the time of the rebellion and they resembled those of

3183:., Page 163, "Unlike Teuta in 229 BC, Demetrius was prepared for the Roman invasion. He placed a garrison in Dimale (Dimallum), a fortress inland ..." 322:, making it their most southern outpost, by which they controlled the passage into the Adriatic Sea. In 735 BC, they abandoned it, under pressure of 114:

Illyrian tribes were reluctant to help each other in times of war and even fought amongst each other and they sometimes allied with the neighbouring

1524:

oars. Such a vessel, used as a merchantman, might take on a passenger, as Lycinus relates in the 2nd-century dialogue, traditionally attributed to

Polybius: The Rise of the Roman Empire, Book 6.18, "having accepted submission the consul then sailed to Pharos to attack Demetrius himself..."

1258:. Illyrians were not considered as reliable mercenaries, in the ancient world but were at the same time acknowledged as a skilled fighting force 4009: 2206:

168 BC. Romans defeat Gentius at the Ardiaean capital Skodra bringing an end to the Illyrian kingdom. King Gentius brought to Rome as a prisoner

958:, who were subjugated by Rome in 12–9 BC. Illyricum was on Italy's eastern flank, exposing the Roman heartland to the fear of a rebel invasion. 4053:

European Journal of Archeology volume 5(1);70–88,Sage publications and European association of Archeologists(1461-9571-2002045:1;70-88;0221771)

1246:

had hired Illyrian mercenaries in the 5th century BC but they betrayed him, allying with his enemy, Arrhabaeus of Lyncus. In another incident,

3114:, The Illyrian vessels attacked the ambassadors on their voyage and slew Cleemporus, the envoy of Issa, and the Roman Coruncanius; spaghetti. 4389: 4210: 3731: 3550: 2997: 2970: 2942: 2912: 2885: 2869: 1279:

around their necks and were heavily armoured in antithesis to the bulk of their armies. A number of weapons and armaments were imported from

2742: 2200:

captured by Romans by diverting a river which protected Epulon's stronghold Nesactium, and provided it with water. Last stand of the Histri.

623:

ruled Greece, the Celts dared not to push south near Greece. Therefore, early Celtic expeditions were concentrated against Illyrian tribes.

314:

In the 9th century BC their ruled the inner Adriatic sea and in the first half of the 8th century BC they expanded southwards. According to

55:. Apart from conflicts between Illyrians and neighbouring nations and tribes, numerous wars were recorded among Illyrian tribes themselves. 2442:, 1996, page 230, "Illyrius (Ἰλλυριός). The youngest son of Cadmus and Harmonia. He was born during their expedition against the Illyrians" 962: 126:, which in the end were encouraged to take peace. Commonly the Romans were ordered to act as referees in their bloody fights. The tribe of 5793: 3149:

Hannibal: A History of the Art of War Among the Carthaginians and Romans Down to the Battle of Pydna, 168 B.C. by Theodore Ayrault Dodge,

541:

had intervened as soon as the events became known and expelled the Illyrians who were led by Bardyllis. Despite being aided by 2000 Greek

2023:

358 BC. Philip II of Macedon defeats the Illyrians. Bardyllis probably died during the battle at the age of 90. Illyrians sued for peace.

6282: 4578: 4557: 2665:Š. Batović, Le relazioni culturali etc., 30, 42; La “koine” adriatica e il suo processo di formazione, Jadranska obala u protohistoriji. 2250: 1535:

Gradually liburna became general name for the different types of the Roman ships, attached also to the cargo ships in the Late Antique.

1086:, where the Illyrians used a new form of tactic which involved connecting their ships in groups of four in order to attack Greek ships. 2929:

Women and monarchy in Macedonia Oklahoma Series in Classical Culture by Elizabeth Donnelly Carney, University of Oklahoma Press, 2000,

1034:'s three legions in Germany. The Roman high command did not doubt that Arminius would have formed a grand alliance with the Illyrians. 654:

the Gallic army decided to return up north to their homeland but were all wiped out by the Dardanians, through which they had to pass.

6140: 4186:, 1996, page 150, "This episode shows how much the Dardanians had been influenced by the military traditions of the Hellenistic world" 2927:

The time of this marriage is somewhat disputed while some historians maintain that the marriage happened after the defeat of Bardyllis

1498:), faster, lighter, and more agile than biremes and triremes. The Liburnian design was adopted by the Romans and became a key part of 2957:

The Macedonian Empire: The Era of Warfare Under Philip II and Alexander the Great, 359-323 B.C. by James R. Ashley, McFarland, 2004,

2899:

The Macedonian Empire: The Era of Warfare Under Philip II and Alexander the Great, 359-323 B.C. BY James R. Ashley, McFarland, 2004,

6277: 6250: 4526: 4494: 4473: 4452: 4431: 4410: 4295: 4183: 4166: 4139: 4110: 4084: 4067: 3820: 3787: 3711: 3691: 3674: 3657: 3640: 3623: 3601: 3584: 3567: 3533: 3481: 3459: 3391: 3326: 3290: 3240: 3197: 3180: 3154: 3128: 3095: 3078: 3032: 2989: 2962: 2934: 2904: 2877: 2861: 2831: 2793: 2772: 2456: 2439: 2372: 1753: 766: 216: 2856:

The Cambridge ancient history: The fourth century B.C. Volume 6 of The Cambridge ancient history, Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen Edwards,

2796:, "Sparta had the alliance of Thessaly, Macedonia, and Molossia in Epirus, which she had helped to stave off an Illyrian invasion." 1077:

On the sea the Illyrians used guerrilla tactics with their sophisticated navy. These sea tactics made the Illyrians masters of the

3799: 2421: 1358:

was apparently mounted with a dragon head at the prow. Remains of a 10 meters long ship from the 1st century BC, were found in

426:

Conflicts started immediately after the foundation of Tars in 706 BC over domination of the fertile adjacent plains in southern

5561: 2312:

start Great Illyrian uprising also known as Bellum Batonianum. After initial successes against Romans the insurrection spreads.

672:, which lasted from 229 BC to 228 BC, Rome's concern with the trade routes running across the Adriatic Sea increased after the 2029:

356 BC. Parmenio surprises Grabos with a defeat before he is able to converge with his allies in Athens and Thrace and Paeonia

6291: 6264: 5823: 5798: 5710: 5184: 5032: 1689:, 7th century BC – 5th century BC) contained a great number of Greek imports including weaponry. This includes finds at 1490:. It had one bench with 25 oars on each side, while in the late ages of the Roman Republic, it became a smaller version of a 1028: 613: 207:

gives us an image of society within an Illyrian kingdom as peasant infantry fought under aristocrats which he calls in Greek

5942: 1965:

423 BC. Illyrians & Lyncestians cause the Macedonians to flee and the Spartans to escape during the Peloponnesian War (

1543:

were using it as a synonym for the battle ship. In inscriptions it was mentioned as the last in class of the battle ships:

6014: 5480: 906:. Instead, the Daesitiates mutinied and defeated a Roman force sent against them. The Daesitiates were soon joined by the 106:. If the legend is true this war would have occurred around 2000 BC, the time when Cadmus has been claimed to have lived. 4134:

The Illyrians: history and culture, History and Culture Series,The Illyrians: History and Culture, Aleksandar Stipčević,

3881:

M. Zaninović, Liburnia Militaris, Opusc. Archeol. 13, 43–67 (1988), UDK 904.930.2(497.13)>>65<<, pages 46, 47

2872:, Authors: D. M. Lewis, John Boardman, Editors: D. M. Lewis, John Boardman, Edition 2, Cambridge University Press, 1994, 981:

two centuries earlier. At one moment, in winter AD 6/7, 10 legions were deployed and an equivalent number of auxilia (70

6304: 6092: 4952: 4245: 2674:

M. Zaninović, Liburnia Militaris, Opusc. Archeol. 13, 43–67 (1988), UDK 904.930.2(497.13)>>65<<, pages 47-48

2169:

when Demetrius of Pharos builds up a new Illyrian navy and violates the Roman-Illyrian treaty by attacking Aegean cities

2042:

344 BC. The Taulantii State is limited to the lands along the Adriatic after the defeat of Pleuratus I against Philip II

5954: 5937: 5355: 4892: 1772:, appearing in the 10th century BC and had spread throughout southern Greece. A typical adoption of the symbol in the 70:, a curved-tip sword that originated in Illyria and was eventually adopted all over the Balkans and used later by the 4222:

Encyclopaedia Londinensis: or, Universal dictionary of arts ..., Volume 14 By John Wilkes (of Milland House, Sussex.)

1329:

from the start of the 1st millennium to the 5th century BC. The Romans knew them principally as a people addicted to

4169:, page 116, "...early appearance of this motiff in Thessaly and Makedonia, from where it was diffused southwards..." 3979:

M. Zaninović, Liburnia Militaris, Opusc. Archeol. 13, 43–67 (1988), UDK 904.930.2(497.13)>>65<<, page 46

6170: 6165: 5906: 4867: 2521: 2235:

49 BC. Liburnian communities take different sides in the civil war against Caesar and Pompey near the island of Krk

1962:

424 BC. Autariatae expand their territory, pushing the Thracian Triballi eastwards into western Serbia and Bulgaria

1733:(though again in the grave of a king) not only in the Glasinac cultural area like the helmet found in the grave at 943: 1780:

with similar decorations and a diameter of 35 cm. This is evident during the Greek rule of south Illyria the

6335: 6155: 6150: 4897: 2508:

The Ardiaei, or Vardaei as they were known to the Romans, once the ravagers of Italy and now reduced to a mere...

2486:

The island of Pharos and some adjacent territory in Illyria were given to a Greek adventurer, Demetrius of Pharos

2377: 1255: 1031: 973:) ahead with troops. The panic broke out in Rome and Augustus raised a second task force under Tiberius's nephew 6004: 961:

Augustus ordered Tiberius to break off operations in Germany and move his main army to Illyricum. Tiberius sent

6340: 3001: 1992:

393 BC. Dardanians rule Macedonia through a puppet king after defeating Amyntas III of Macedon under Argaeus II

986: 4270: 2974: 2916: 2889: 2332:

9 AD. After fierce fighting Bato I surrenders to the Romans marking the last Illyrian attempt for independence

1884:

628 BC. Liburnians expelled from Durrës by Corinthians which were invited as aid by the neighbouring Taulantii

1074:

showed to be superior against Greek tactics and as a result the Illyrians achieved victories over the Greeks.

2946: 215:(23–79 AD) writes that the people that formed the nucleus of the Illyrian kingdom were 'Illyrians proper' or 6233: 6160: 5977: 4550: 3677:, page 54, "there were imported helmets Corinthian type and an early version of the 'GraecoIllyrian helmet'" 1459: 1243: 1016:. It took them three years of hard fighting to quell the revolt, which was described by the Roman historian 530: 518: 402: 330:

and the Ionian Sea. However, their position in the Adriatic Sea was still strong in the next few centuries.

1528:: "I had a speedy vessel readied, the kind of bireme used above all by the Liburnians of the Ionian Gulf." 1211:

Although a short curved sword was used by several peoples around the Mediterranean the Romans regarded the

942:. The rebels were now joined by a large number of other communities. At risk was the strategic province of 6245: 5959: 5844: 5740: 3208:

Polybius: The Rise of the Roman Empire, Book 6.16, "...the Romans dispatcehd Lucius Aemilius with an army

1694: 1024:

two centuries earlier. Tiberius finally quelled the revolt in AD 9. This was just in time: that same year

891: 3046:

Pannonia and Upper Moesia. A History of the Middle Danube Provinces of the Roman Empire. A Mocsy, S Frere

2984:

The Genius of Alexander the Great Author N. G. L. Hammond Edition illustrated Publisher UNC Press, 1998,

1788:

retained until the Roman conquest. Tactics had been influenced as well, evident in an incident involving

5862: 5735: 5702: 4967: 4937: 4902: 4079:

Trebenishte: the fortunes of an unusual excavation Studia archaeologica ("Erma" di Bretschneider); 121,

4062:

Trebenishte: the fortunes of an unusual excavation Studia archaeologica ("Erma" di Bretschneider); 121,

3454:, Men-at-Arms, Osprey Publishing, p. Colour plates, The Venetic fighting system, Fifth century BC, 2352: 865: 631: 366: 6009: 5489: 2159:, the Romans cross the Adriatic for the first time in reaction to Teuta's threats of Roman trade routes 1478:), outlined to 5th or 6th century BC, the most possibly showing imaginary battle between Liburnian and 5238: 4465:

The Central Balkan Tribes in Pre-Roman Times: Triballi, Autariatae, Dardanians, Scordisci and Moesians

886:

forces that lasted for four years beginning in AD 6 and ending in AD 9. In AD 6, several regiments of

353:

Liburnian control of the Adriatic Sea coasts started to decrease in the 6th century BC. According to

6130: 6031: 5198: 4812: 3872:

C.G. Starr Jr., The Roman Imperial Navy 31 B.C. – A.D. 324, West-port, Connecticut 1975, page 54

2053: 1868:

under pressure from Corinthian ruler Hersikrates. First recorded battle between Illyrians and Greeks.

1789: 1726: 1306: 1242:

Illyrians acted as mercenaries on several occasions whether on the side of the Greeks or the Romans.

1043: 639: 630:, who during the 4th century had enjoyed a hegemony over much of the central Balkans, centred on the 473:

After 330 BC the Messapians joined forces with the Tarentines against an even greater force, that of

91: 3192:

Public Organization in Ancient Greece: A Documentary Study — by Nicholas F. Jones — 1987,

1949:

432 BC. Messapian-Thurian forces successfully throw off another Lucanian invasion in the Crati gorge

1206:

short curved swords, long swords in addition to various knives. According to historian John Wilkes:

167:

began at 230 BC and ended at 167 BC. The most notable Illyrian kingdoms and dynasties were those of

6125: 5982: 5228: 5147: 5042: 4992: 4927: 4907: 4862: 3905:

Morrison, J. S., and J. F. Coates. 1996. Greek and Roman Warships 399-30 B.C. Oxford. pgs 170, 317.

3357: 3341: 3107: 2810: 2382: 2166: 2145: 2049: 1989:

399 BC. New conflict develops between Sirras and Archelaus I of Macedonian over the Lyncestian case

1966: 1888: 1635: 1507: 1427: 1359: 845: 797: 778: 716: 620: 526: 2014:

360 BC. Southern Paeonian tribes launch raids against Macedonia in support of an Illyrian invasion

1995:

392 BC. Amyntas III allied with the Thessalians takes Macedonia under his rule from the Dardanians

1975:

413 BC. Artas supplies the Athens with one hundred and fifty javelin-throwers for the war against

898:), were gathered in one place to prepare to join Augustus's stepson and senior military commander 6314: 5997: 5725: 5633: 5459: 4987: 4922: 4543: 2193:

180 BC. Dalmatians declares themselves independent from the rule of Gentius, king of the Ardiaei.

2182:

Collapse of southern Illyrian nations and the start of Roman campaigns against Illyrian interior

2156: 2008:

385 BC. Agesilaus of Sparta drives off the Dardanians under Bardyllis, expelling them from Epirus

1943:

436 BC. Taulantii attack the city of Epidamnos contributing to the start of the Peloponnesian War

1781: 1773: 1525: 1487: 938:(the governor of Moesia). Despite their defeat, they inflicted heavy casualties at the Battle of 805: 801: 697: 585: 5810: 5613: 796:

allied himself with the Macedonians. First in 171 BC, he was allied with the Romans against the

3604:, 2002, page 248, "The Illyrians moreover had not been reliable auxiliaries in the recent past" 3536:, 2003, page 296, "Sibina, Sibyna, Gr. and R. σιβύνη. A kind of boar spear deployed in hunting" 1314:

Byzantine author from the 6th century wrote that the Adriatic was a sea in which serpents swam.

1222:

The Illyrians also used a variety of other weapons, like javelins, long metallic spears called

6272: 6238: 6205: 6185: 6112: 6087: 6021: 5964: 5929: 5852: 5773: 5768: 5649: 5382: 5292: 5087: 5047: 5022: 4857: 4817: 4522: 4490: 4469: 4448: 4427: 4406: 4385: 4291: 4206: 4179: 4162: 4135: 4106: 4080: 4063: 3824: 3816: 3783: 3727: 3707: 3687: 3670: 3653: 3636: 3619: 3597: 3580: 3563: 3546: 3529: 3477: 3455: 3387: 3322: 3286: 3236: 3193: 3176: 3150: 3124: 3091: 3074: 3028: 2993: 2985: 2966: 2958: 2938: 2930: 2908: 2900: 2881: 2873: 2865: 2857: 2827: 2789: 2768: 2452: 2435: 2367: 2197: 1819: 1785: 1165:

which sometimes contained a plume. The most intriguing of all Illyrian helmets developed, the

1095: 837: 467: 52: 48: 40: 5447: 3660:, page 54, "A double edged Greek sword and two pairs of greaves also imports were recovered " 2081:

310 BC. The Autariatae State ceases to exist after continuous Celtic migrations and conflicts

1741:. The Greek helmets found in some of these sites were of "type I" and very few of "type II". 1734: 6200: 6120: 5992: 5785: 5730: 5715: 5603: 5572: 5520: 5345: 5324: 5164: 5002: 4807: 4764: 3447: 2684: 2397: 2075:

312 BC. Acrotatus of Sparta aids Glaucias in abolishing the Macedonian garrison in Apollonia

2061: 1976: 1729:

either as imports or later copies had spread throughout Illyria and one was found as far as

1718: 1511: 1305:

Romans. Illyrian craftsmen were even hired by the King of Macedon to build 100 ships in the

1301: 1070: 1058: 1008:

mountains, but bitter fighting also occurred in southern Pannonia around Mons Almus (modern

978: 773:

the navy went towards Pharos. The forces of Rome routed the Illyrians and Demetrius fled to

747: 743: 593: 176: 20:

spans from the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC up to the 1st century AD in the region of

2011:

360 BC. Arymbas of the Mollosians defeats the Illyrians after they raided and looted Epirus

1177:

was used from the 5th century BC to the 4th century BC. The most widespread helmet was the

638:. In 310 BC, Celtic general Molistomos attacked deep into Illyrian territory, subduing the 619:

Illyrians had been waging war against the Greeks, leaving their western flank weak. Whilst

6175: 6069: 6064: 5987: 5969: 5947: 5758: 5549: 5532: 5526: 5485: 5419: 5402: 4591: 2139: 1802: 1756:

in Illyria. Apart from other cultural influences and imported weapons and armour from the

1702: 1439: 1178: 1166: 1005: 701: 673: 522: 354: 350:

asked for the aid of Corinth and Corcyra against the Liburni. The Greeks were victorious.

255: 212: 83: 36: 2072:

317 BC. Glaucias enters in league with the Greek colonies while Cassander is at a low ebb

2069:

323 BC. Cynane, an Illyrian herself leads a Macedonian army to victory over the Illyrians

1375:". Deciduous trees (oak and beech) were used, while some climber was used for the cords. 407:

The Iapygian-Tarentine Wars were a set of conflicts and wars between the Greek colony of

4355:

The Oxford Classical Dictionary by Simon Hornblower and Antony Spawforth, 2003, page 426

4290:

The Thracians 700 BC-AD 46 (Men-at-Arms) by Christopher Webber and Angus McBride, 2001,

3476:, History and Culture Series, The Illyrians: History and Culture, Aleksandar Stipčević, 2026:

356 BC. Lycceius joins the anti-Macedonian coalition led by Athens which includes Grabos

6195: 6190: 5815: 5745: 5366: 5360: 5243: 5112: 4912: 4707: 2347: 2342: 2135: 1757: 1706: 1566:

In the Medieval sources the "liburna" ships were often recorded in use by the Medieval

1403: 1162: 1009: 994: 821: 739: 731: 634:. An interesting account of cunning Celtic tactics is revealed in their attacks on the 459: 1574:

pirates and sailors, but probably not always referring to the ships of the same form.

757:

where he captured 50 ships after several attempts. From Pylos the fleet sailed to the

6329: 6059: 5805: 5720: 5107: 5067: 4628: 2362: 2203:

170 BC. Gentius and Perseus of Macedonia start forming alliance to counter the Romans

2066:

335 BC. First part of the Illyrian Revolt ends in failure with the defeat of Pleurias

1749: 1583: 1510:

navy in the 2nd half of the 1st century BC. Liburna ships played a key role in naval

1227: 989:

and more than 10,000 veterans). In addition, they were assisted by a large number of

813: 663: 574: 357:, the Liburnians lost supremacy in the Western Adriatic coast due to invasion of the 2017:

359 BC. The death of Agis leads to the subjection of the Paeonian State by Macedonia

6104: 5872: 5750: 5655: 5500: 5077: 5062: 2322:

7 AD. Three Roman generals and legionaries sent to defeat the massive Illyrian army

1499: 1411: 1363: 1266: 1174: 1138:. This type of shield resembled the Illyrian oval shield used in northern Illyria. 1078: 883: 833: 712: 554: 272: 192: 115: 71: 5686: 4231:

Aleksandar Stipčević – Illyrians, The Illyrian Art, The Illyrian Cult Symbols

2162:

228 BC. Illyrians suffer multiple defeats by the Romans. End of First Illyrian War

2020:

359 BC. Perdiccas III of Macedon killed in an attempt to reconquer upper Macedonia

1610:

Illyrians built hill-forts as places of refuge (and perhaps as dwellings) such as

1317: 4516: 4505: 4484: 4463: 4442: 4421: 4400: 4379: 3596:

The legacy of Alexander: politics, warfare, and propaganda under the successors,

3579:

The legacy of Alexander: politics, warfare, and propaganda under the successors,

3562:

The legacy of Alexander: politics, warfare, and propaganda under the successors,

2683:

The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C. by J. Boardman,

2451:

The Dictionary of Classical Mythology by Pierre Grimal and A. R. Maxwell-Hyslop,

2434:

The Dictionary of Classical Mythology by Pierre Grimal and A. R. Maxwell-Hyslop,

2045:

337 BC. Pleurias almost succeeds in killing Philip II during his Balkan campaigns

1004:

They faced further reverses on the battlefield and a bitter guerrilla war in the

5691: 5297: 5223: 5208: 5057: 5012: 4887: 4852: 4658: 4618: 3406: 3345: 2305: 2239: 2125: 1677: 1520: 1380: 1288: 887: 841: 499: 196: 1814:

Illyria became a Roman province at 168 BC. The Illyrians, that were eventually

6228: 5889: 5879: 5867: 5780: 5628: 5618: 5203: 5154: 5137: 4932: 4882: 4754: 4737: 4732: 4697: 4638: 4623: 2265: 2003: 1902: 1861: 1823: 1738: 1698: 1647: 1516: 1503: 1326: 1251: 1247: 1231: 1114: 1021: 974: 853: 627: 566: 534: 412: 335: 284: 264: 228: 200: 127: 63: 1934:

460 BC. Competitive trading leads to the destruction of Thronion by Apollonia

1901:

524 BC. Etruscans defeat the Liburnians in order to open trade routes to the

1321:

The earliest depiction of an Illyrian ship dating from the 8th–7th century BC

494:

became king of the Illyrians and creator of a new dynasty after overthrowing

326:

ruler Hersikrates, during the period of Corinthian expansion to South Italy,

5578: 5537: 5372: 5329: 5307: 5218: 5169: 5027: 4977: 4842: 4784: 4779: 4774: 4722: 4653: 4606: 4566: 3410: 2726: 2357: 2287: 2210: 2111: 2103: 1999: 1912: 1847: 1815: 1656: 1540: 1431: 1199: 1131: 1017: 990: 693: 643: 589: 514: 491: 466:

Pleistoanax. Taranto supported the Peloponnesian side against Athens in the

455: 347: 244: 220: 185: 168: 99: 17: 5588: 5376: 2225:

76 BC. Final defeat of the Dalmatians with the capture of the city port of

1908:

524 BC. Aristodemus of Cumae defeats the allied Daunian and Etruscan armies

1634:

have been discovered in Istria, Friuli and Venezia Giulia, such as that of

882:) was a major conflict between an alliance of Illyrian communities and the 809: 66:

using their numerous warships. Illyrians had effective weapons such as the

1918:

500 BC. Start of the Tarentine-Iapygian wars results in an Iapygian defeat

1721:

encompasses eastern Bosnia, south-western Serbia, Montenegro and northern

6180: 5911: 5884: 5680: 5638: 5543: 5510: 5440: 5436: 5392: 5387: 5350: 5302: 5275: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5132: 5097: 5072: 5017: 5007: 4972: 4957: 4872: 4847: 4837: 4832: 4769: 4759: 4727: 4690: 4668: 4663: 4643: 4633: 4611: 4596: 2291: 2283: 2261: 2254: 2129: 2118: 2057: 1881:? BC. Gaularos, ruler of the Taulanti state wages war on the Macedonians. 1878:

691 BC. First Illyrian invasion of Macedonia after bad relations develop.

1839: 1797: 1765: 1745: 1730: 1710: 1690: 1686: 1619: 1611: 1571: 1423: 1195: 1143: 1118: 1106: 1039: 1025: 970: 966: 947: 899: 758: 542: 446:, but the joint armies of the Tarentines and Rhegines were defeated near 435: 420: 416: 390: 288: 280: 240: 204: 160: 143: 95: 59: 29: 4381:Épire, Illyrie, Macédoine: Mélanges Offerts au Professeur Pierre Cabanes 4378:

Berranger, Danièle; Cabanes, Pierre; Berranger-Auserve, Danièle (2007).

2517: 2515: 1946:

433 BC. Messapian-Thurian victory over the Lucanians in the Sybaris lain

1590:

long and narrow war ship(it was also the name of a specific ship in the

1217:

as a distinct Illyrian weapon used by the stealthy 'assassin' (sicarius)

6210: 6041: 5857: 5828: 5670: 5623: 5608: 5566: 5515: 5475: 5424: 5317: 5312: 5213: 5179: 5159: 5142: 5128: 5037: 4982: 4962: 4749: 4717: 4712: 4702: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4601: 4586: 2326: 2276: 2243: 2149: 1953: 1793: 1769: 1761: 1722: 1714: 1643: 1615: 1536: 1491: 1479: 1419: 1391: 1183: 1170: 1013: 939: 927: 915: 903: 849: 825: 817: 793: 782: 774: 688:

and Gnaeus Fulvius Centumalus. Rome expelled Illyrian garrisons at the

677: 635: 562: 558: 451: 443: 439: 431: 408: 386: 343: 339: 331: 323: 319: 308: 296: 268: 236: 224: 180: 172: 164: 155: 135: 131: 123: 44: 21: 3758:

Griech. λέμβος, lat. lembus – eine illyrische Schiffsbezeichnung?

3305:

The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996, page 183,

2506:

The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996, page 216,

2078:

312 BC. Glaucias obtains control of Epidamnus with the help of Corcyra

1915:

defeat the Paeonians and depart two of their tribes to Darius in Asia.

1379:

unwary ships. The Illyrians piratical career reached its zenith under

6046: 6036: 6026: 5899: 5894: 5763: 5675: 5665: 5660: 5643: 5598: 5583: 5505: 5470: 5430: 5397: 5340: 5334: 5287: 5281: 5233: 5102: 5082: 5052: 4997: 4942: 4917: 4877: 4827: 4822: 4744: 4648: 2468:

The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996, page 98,

2392: 2309: 2269: 2226: 2134:

229 BC. Illyrian and Acarnanian ships defeat a combined Aetolian and

2107: 2036: 1972:

418 BC. Artas made a proxenos of Athens as operations in Sicily begin

1843: 1830:. This was not a Roman influence but was mentioned during that time. 1639: 1567: 1495: 1475: 1435: 1387: 1367: 1330: 1284: 1280: 1123: 1102: 982: 950:, an indigenous communities inhabiting the region between the rivers 931: 911: 907: 895: 829: 770: 762: 689: 682: 651: 550: 546: 538: 495: 478: 382: 327: 315: 304: 292: 232: 139: 119: 103: 87: 4035:

The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996, page 190

4023:

The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996, page 205

3437:

The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996, page 240

2524:– Illyrians, The Illyrian Art, The Illyrian Cult Symbols page 46-47 1486:

By its original form, the Liburna was the most similar to the Greek

852:. The first Roman campaign of 229 BC marked the first time that the 2102:

231 BC. Agron, king of the Ardiaei, sends his fleet to relieve the

1940:

440 BC. Brindidi and Thurrii enter into an alliance against Taranto

1602: 1333:. The major harbour of Liburnian navy since the 5th century BC was 1325:

The Liburnians were renowned seafarers dominating the Adriatic and

271:

allowed them to be present, very early, not only along the Eastern

5593: 5495: 5465: 5453: 5413: 5407: 5270: 5264: 5193: 5092: 4947: 4789: 4384:. Clermont-Ferrand, France: Presses Universitaires Blaise Pascal. 2039:

loses her life in a battle against Cynane and her army is defeated

1865: 1777: 1601: 1453: 1316: 1148: 1135: 1127: 1083: 951: 923: 754: 735: 720: 708:

and others and established a protectorate over these Greek towns.

504: 427: 370: 362: 358: 291:, they were already in the Italic coast, establishing colonies in 276: 25: 4444:

The Cambridge Ancient History (Volume 6): The Fourth Century B.C.

3012: 3010: 3008: 2605: 6051: 5556: 4031: 4029: 4019: 4017: 3108:

https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=App.+Ill.+2.7

2387: 1661: 1276: 1213: 1191: 955: 919: 705: 474: 377: 67: 4539: 2084:

307 BC. Glaucias invades Epirus and establishes Pyrrhus as king

4161:

Ethnic Identity in Greek Antiquity by Jonathan M. Hall, 2000,

3722: 3720: 3614: 3612: 3610: 1338: 918:), another community inhabiting the region between the rivers 3373:

Rhoemetalces's kingdom was later annexed by emperor Claudius.

82:

Instances of Illyrians engaged in armed conflict occurred in

4535: 4205:

The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996,

3726:

The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996,

3545:

The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) by John Wilkes, 1996,

3027:

From: The Celts. A history. Daithi O Hogain. Boydell Press.

2128:

starts her pirate campaign by capturing the Epirote capital

1466:

The most known Liburnian ship was their warship, known as a

1134:

shield with an iron boss was introduced to Illyria from the

836:

an unsafe region for Roman commerce. There were three Roman

517:

rule. This time the Illyrians were allied with and aided by

3686:

The Cambridge Ancient History, Cambridge University Press,

1937:

460 BC. Opis of the Iapyges falls in battle against Taranto

804:. He arrested two Roman legati and destroyed the cities of 259:

Map of Corfu, the Liburnians most southern recorded outpost

4121: 4119: 3526:

Illustrated Dictionary of Words Used in Art and Archeology

1161:

was employed. The bronze helmet developed into the common

4426:. New York, New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. 365:, obviously caused by strengthening and expansion of the 4402:

Studies concerning Epirus and Macedonia before Alexander

2480:

Arthur Edward Romilly Boak and William Gurnee Sinnigen.

2279:

finally conquered by the Romans under Octavius Augustus.

393:

and are especially rare in Liburnian Iron Age heritage.

303:

migrations to the central and south Italy, respectively

138:

were notorious before being defeated by the Romans. The

3643:, page 223, "Illyrian chiefs wore heavy bronze torques" 2246:

ambushed by Dalmatae during their return from campaign

1959:

429 BC. Agrianes become subject to the Odrysian kingdom

1760:

the Illyrians had adopted the ornamentation of Ancient

1020:

as the most difficult conflict faced by Rome since the

334:

was the first that went up against the Liburnians. The

154:

The earliest recorded Illyrian Kingdom was that of the

1202:, Dacians and the Romans. The Illyrians also used the 1113:

Shields were used among the Illyrians as early as the

856:

crossed the Adriatic in order to launch the invasion.

800:, but in 169 he changed sides and allied himself with 3450:

and S Northwood, illustrated by Richard Hook (1995),

3064:

The Illyrians to the Albanians by Neritan Ceka – 2005

1638:, in the central-western Istria, of the Elleri, near 1250:

killed all of his 5,000 Illyrian mercenaries (of the

820:. In the Illyrian War of 229 BC, 219 BC and 168 BC, 777:

where he became a trusted councillor at the court of

750:, violating his earlier treaty and starting the war. 719:

as a power in Illyria to counterbalance the power of

283:-Adriatic movements and migrations at the end of the 3891:

Gabriel, Richard A. "Masters of the Mediterranean".

3782:

The Greek State at War, William Kendrick Pritchett,

1350:

was a fishing ship continued by the actual Croatian

946:, recently expanded to include the territory of the 6263: 6221: 6103: 6080: 5924: 5843: 5701: 5178: 5121: 4800: 4577: 4510:. London, United Kingdom: Routledge and Kegan Paul. 1386:The three main types of Illyrian warships were the 1194:, a single-edged curved sword similar to the Greek 2117:230 BC. Longarus, king of the Dardanians captures 513:In 385 BC Bardyllis raided Epirus which was under 1283:including helmets. Armaments were mostly made of 529:, who was a refugee in his court, to the throne. 477:. The alliances with Taras and with Cleonimus of 4468:. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Adolf M. Hakkert. 4405:. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Adolf M. Hakkert. 2152:, but soon prefers to pass it over to the Romans 930:. They gave battle to a second Roman force from 686:Lucius Postumius Albinus (consul 234 and 229 BC) 275:coast, they reached also the opposite, western, 2606:Berranger, Cabanes & Berranger-Auserve 2007 2215:119 BC. Pannonians defeated by Romans in Siscia 1931:466 BC. Taranto again defeated by the Iapygians 4049: 4047: 4045: 4043: 4041: 3110:, Appian, The Foreign Wars (ed. Horace White) 3055:The Illyrians. A Stipcevic. Noyes Press. pg 44 1681:Illyrian helmet from Argolis. 6–5th century BC 299:, where specific Iron Age cultures developed. 4551: 4399:Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1993). 4087:, 2003, pp. 117–118, National museum Belgrade 3702: 3700: 2545: 2209:155 BC. Romans destroy the Dalmatian capital 1346:was an early prototype of transport galleys, 1190:The principal sword of the Illyrians was the 890:, natives of area that now comprises central 318:, the Liburnians became masters of island of 146:to the extent that they requested Roman aid. 8: 4507:History of the Provinces of the Roman Empire 2415: 2413: 1442:in his attempt to rebuild the Spartan navy. 1153:Illyrian chariots from Vace – 6th century BC 1001:("ally") a grand total of some 100,000 men. 730:lasted from 220 BC to 219 BC. In 219 BC the 561:to evacuate his non-combatant population to 163:(337 BC) were a kingdom. The Kingdom of the 3175:Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, p. 120, 3123:Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, p. 120, 3090:Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, p. 120, 3073:Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, p. 120, 2032:352 BC. Agrianes become allies of Philip II 1287:. Another form of body armour was a bronze 596:(1st century BC) writes this of the event; 509:Military expeditions of Bardyllis in Epirus 287:, from the 12th to 10th century BC. In the 4574: 4558: 4544: 4536: 3706:Greece and Rome at War by Peter Connolly, 411:(Taranto) and the three Iapygian peoples, 3942:Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World 3771:Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World 3425: 2593: 1952:430 BC. Grabus of the royal house of the 1426:. This type of craft was also adopted by 279:coast. This process started during great 3042: 3040: 1928:490 BC. Tarentines defeat the Messapians 1776:from Illyrians is seen on an iron round 1748:were under the effects and influence of 1676: 1265: 254: 134:for control of valuable salt mines. The 2581: 2409: 2052:subjects the Illyrian states defeating 1660:, in the southern Istria, not far from 1270:Illyrian king or noble, 500 BC – 100 BC 565:and let the Illyrians loot freely. The 35:It concerns the armed conflicts of the 4423:Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology 3802:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, 2653: 2641: 2629: 2617: 2569: 2557: 2533: 765:was captured by the Roman fleet under 376:Unlike at the western Adriatic coast, 4441:Lewis, D. M.; Boardman, John (1994). 3635:The Illyrians by J. J. Wilkes, 1992, 3514:The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe) 2717:fleets back to the region of Scodra." 1685:The graves of Illyrian nobles (early 549:, the Illyrians were defeated by the 263:Navigable skills and mobility of the 98:in a victorious campaign against the 7: 3968:Greek and Roman Warships 399-30 B.C. 3955:The Roman Imperial Navy 31 BC-AD 324 3929:Greek and Roman Warships 399-30 B.C. 3916:The Roman Imperial Navy 31 BC-AD 324 1891:is killed in battle by the Illyrians 1822:. The tribes that rebelled had been 963:Marcus Valerius Messalla Messallinus 3815:Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, 3747:, I. Teil, Wiesbaden, 1955, p. 114. 3669:Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, 3652:Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, 3618:Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, 3760:, Gymnasium, 59/1952, H. 1, p. 79. 3474:The Illyrians: history and culture 2114:. His army carries a large victory 1105:(239 BC – 169 BC) who was of 1069:In the 2nd century BC the army of 781:, and remained until his death at 86:and specifically in the legend of 14: 6251:Prehistory of Southeastern Europe 3966:J. S. Morrison and J. F. Coates, 3927:J. S. Morrison and J. F. Coates, 2373:List of ancient tribes in Illyria 2329:surrenders his forces to Tiberius 2002:raids Epirus after defeating the 1126:boss and was like a mostly light 816:, after which he was interned in 243:. These later joined to form the 6310: 6309: 4521:. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. 3957:, 3rd ed., Chicago, 1993, p. 54. 3918:, 3rd ed., Chicago, 1993, p. 59. 1642:, of Monte Giove near Prosecco ( 1506:, most possibly by mediation of 1494:, but with two banks of oars (a 1110:dating from the 7th century BC. 753:Demetrius' fleet first attacked 545:and five hundred suits of Greek 94:, where Cadmus led the Illyrian 4486:Iliri: povijest, život, kultura 3773:, Princeton, 1971, pp. 141–142. 2786:A History of Greece to 322 B.C. 2765:A History of Greece to 322 B.C. 2144:229 BC. The Illyrian commander 102:after a divine advice from the 5824:Albanian traditional tattooing 5711:Central Bosnian cultural group 4242:"Louis of Taranto - Polsearch" 4178:The Illyrians by John Wilkes, 3516:by John Wilkes, 1996, page 239 3017:Diodorus Siculus, Library,16.4 1956:enters an alliance with Athens 1752:due to their proximity to the 1744:Illyrians on the coast of the 1050:Tactics and troop organization 993:troops deployed by their King 894:, led by Bato the Daesitiate ( 614:Gallic invasion of the Balkans 142:had suffered attacks from the 51:as well as pirate activity in 1: 6015:Battle of Dyrrhachium (48 BC) 4483:Stipčević, Alexander (1989). 3734:, page 42, "Chieftain burial" 2824:The Cambridge Ancient History 2482:A History of Rome to A.D. 565 1646:) and San Polo, not far from 338:expelled the Liburni and the 199:world in the growth of their 4447:Cambridge University Press. 4420:Kipfer, Barbara Ann (2000). 792:in 168 BC the Illyrian king 5943:Alexander's Balkan campaign 5938:Illyrian invasion of Epirus 1850:in Illyria, Illyrian defeat 1418:), was an ancient Illyrian 1046:, to pacify the mutineers. 828:settlements and suppressed 533:planned to control all the 6359: 4489:. Zagreb: Školska knjiga. 4462:Papazoglu, Fanula (1978). 3944:, Princeton, 1971, p. 141. 3854:Casson (1995), pp. 125–126 2847:, Books 14.92, 15.2, 16.2. 1093: 863: 661: 611: 400: 267:on their swift ships, the 6300: 4573: 2546:Lewis & Boardman 1994 2378:List of rulers of Illyria 1792:. The Hellenised city of 1458:Romanized Liburna during 1407: 32:civilization flourished. 4515:Wilkes, John J. (1995). 4504:Wilkes, John J. (1969). 3989:Polybius, Histories,18.1 3745:Die Sprache der Illyrier 2138:fleet off the island of 1446:and fast cargo vessels. 1430:, and soon after by the 1157:In northern Illyria the 6234:Origin of the Albanians 5955:Dardanian–Bastarnic war 4152:under Greek influence." 3970:, Oxford, 1996, p. 171. 3931:, Oxford, 1996, p. 317. 3804:A Greek-English Lexicon 2148:occupies the island of 1911:511 BC. Persians under 1650:. However, the largest 1244:Perdiccas II of Macedon 1230:Σιβύνη) that resembled 403:Iapygian-Tarentine Wars 397:Iapygian–Tarentine Wars 251:Liburnian thalassocracy 6246:History of the Balkans 5960:Invasions of Epidamnus 5845:Religion and mythology 3823:, page 157, Polybius, 2973:. Pages 111–112; link 2915:. Pages 111–112; link 2697:colony in the island." 1695:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1682: 1607: 1606:Giant walls of Daorson 1463: 1322: 1271: 1220: 1154: 1067: 892:Bosnia and Herzegovina 848:and the third against 767:Lucius Aemilius Paulus 676:, when many tribes of 605: 510: 490:In the 4th century BC 260: 5970:Roman-Macedonian wars 5736:Glasinac-Mati culture 5373:Dyrrhachium/Epidamnus 4968:Glaucias of Taulantii 4938:Eleutherius and Antia 4903:Constantine the Great 3863:Casson (1995), p. 126 3845:Casson (1995), p. 125 3836:Casson (1995), p. 162 2888:. Page 428-429; link 2353:Great Illyrian Revolt 2290:against Illyrians in 2165:220 BC. Start of the 2155:229 BC. Start of the 1727:Illyrian type helmets 1713:and various sites in 1680: 1673:Hellenistic influence 1605: 1457: 1434:, Rome, and even the 1320: 1269: 1208: 1152: 1063: 902:in a war against the 872:Great Illyrian Revolt 866:Great Illyrian Revolt 860:Great Illyrian revolt 598: 508: 258: 217:Illyrii Proprie Dicti 6005:Roman–Dalmatian wars 5746:Monte Saraceno woman 4813:Anastasius I Dicorus 2522:Aleksandar Stipčević 2251:Gaius Asinius Pollio 2110:from a siege by the 1654:was perhaps that of 1470:to the Greeks and a 1460:Trajan's Dacian Wars 1307:First Macedonian War 1042:dispatched his son, 840:: the first against 734:was at war with the 346:. About 625 BC, the 6093:Proposed vocabulary 5741:Gradistë belt-plate 5043:Peter the Patrician 4993:Irenaeus of Sirmium 4928:Demetrius of Pharos 4908:Constantius Chlorus 4863:Bato the Daesitiate 3358:Velleius Paterculus 3342:Velleius Paterculus 2383:Prehistoric Balkans 2167:Second Illyrian War 2146:Demetrius of Pharos 2050:Alexander the Great 1967:Battle of Lyncestis 1889:Philip I of Macedon 1668:External influences 1428:Philip V of Macedon 1337:at eastern cape of 910:led by Bato of the 846:Demetrius of Pharos 844:the second against 779:Philip V of Macedon 728:Second Illyrian War 717:Demetrius of Pharos 130:fought against the 16:The history of the 6010:Caesar's civil war 5644:Tragurion (Trogir) 5244:Aspalathos (Split) 5185:cities/settlements 5122:Political entities 4988:Gratianus Funarius 3528:by J. W. Mollett, 3452:Early Roman Armies 2843:Diodorus Siculus. 2805:Diodorus Siculus. 2784:Hammond, N. G. L. 2763:Hammond, N. G. L. 2754:Diodorus, XVI, 63. 2308:under their ruler 2286:(since 12 BC) and 2157:First Illyrian War 2121:from the Paeonians 1782:Antipatrid dynasty 1774:Hellenistic period 1683: 1630:Some a hundred of 1608: 1526:Lucian of Samosata 1464: 1323: 1272: 1169:, was made by the 1155: 802:Perseus of Macedon 790:Third Illyrian War 670:First Illyrian War 586:Phillip of Macedon 511: 486:Illyrian expansion 295:and especially in 261: 6323: 6322: 6259: 6258: 6239:Albanian paganism 6206:Pannonia Superior 6186:Pannonia Inferior 6113:Illyrian emperors 5965:Illyro-Roman Wars 5412:Iader or Idassa ( 5023:Marcellinus Comes 4858:Bato the Breucian 4818:Artas of Messapia 4391:978-2-84516-351-5 4211:978-0-631-19807-9 3732:978-0-631-19807-9 3694:, 2000, page 261. 3551:978-0-631-19807-9 3283:Tacitus: Annals I 3112:THE ILLYRIAN WARS 2998:978-0-8078-4744-2 2971:978-0-7864-1918-0 2943:978-0-8061-3212-9 2913:978-0-7864-1918-0 2886:978-0-521-23348-4 2870:978-0-521-85073-5 2368:Illyrian weaponry 2294:, Illyrian defeat 2272:, Illyrian defeat 2257:, Illyrian defeat 2198:Istrian Peninsula 1820:Roman legionaries 1786:Antigonid dynasty 1402:The lembos (from 1394:and the Pristis. 1373:Serilia Liburnica 1096:Illyrian weaponry 965:(the governor of 876:Bellum Batonianum 832:, which had made 658:Wars against Rome 468:Peloponnesian War 434:, to counter the 6348: 6336:Illyrian warfare 6313: 6312: 6201:Pannonia Secunda 5806:Trebeništa masks 5786:Spectacle brooch 5629:Scodra (Shkodër) 5609:Scampa (Elbasan) 5325:Dardana Fortress 5194:Acruvium (Kotor) 5165:Illyrian kingdom 4575: 4560: 4553: 4546: 4537: 4532: 4511: 4500: 4479: 4458: 4437: 4416: 4395: 4365: 4362: 4356: 4353: 4347: 4343: 4337: 4333: 4327: 4324: 4318: 4315: 4309: 4305: 4299: 4288: 4282: 4281: 4279: 4278: 4269:. Archived from 4263: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4253: 4244:. Archived from 4238: 4232: 4229: 4223: 4220: 4214: 4203: 4197: 4193: 4187: 4176: 4170: 4159: 4153: 4149: 4143: 4132: 4126: 4123: 4114: 4103: 4097: 4094: 4088: 4077: 4071: 4060: 4054: 4051: 4036: 4033: 4024: 4021: 4012: 4007: 4001: 3998: 3992: 3986: 3980: 3977: 3971: 3964: 3958: 3951: 3945: 3938: 3932: 3925: 3919: 3912: 3906: 3903: 3897: 3896: 3895:(December 2007). 3893:Military History 3888: 3882: 3879: 3873: 3870: 3864: 3861: 3855: 3852: 3846: 3843: 3837: 3834: 3828: 3813: 3807: 3797: 3791: 3780: 3774: 3767: 3761: 3754: 3748: 3741: 3735: 3724: 3715: 3704: 3695: 3684: 3678: 3667: 3661: 3650: 3644: 3633: 3627: 3616: 3605: 3594: 3588: 3587:, 2002, page 249 3577: 3571: 3560: 3554: 3543: 3537: 3523: 3517: 3511: 3505: 3501: 3495: 3491: 3485: 3471: 3465: 3464: 3448:Nicholas Sekunda 3444: 3438: 3435: 3429: 3423: 3417: 3404: 3398: 3386:, 1992, p. 216, 3380: 3374: 3371: 3365: 3355: 3349: 3339: 3333: 3321:, 1992, p. 207, 3315: 3309: 3303: 3297: 3279: 3273: 3270: 3264: 3260: 3254: 3250: 3244: 3233: 3227: 3224: 3218: 3215: 3209: 3206: 3200: 3190: 3184: 3173: 3167: 3164: 3158: 3147: 3141: 3140:Eckstein, 46–59. 3138: 3132: 3121: 3115: 3105: 3099: 3088: 3082: 3071: 3065: 3062: 3056: 3053: 3047: 3044: 3035: 3025: 3019: 3014: 3003: 3000:. Page 11; link 2982: 2976: 2955: 2949: 2924: 2918: 2897: 2891: 2854: 2848: 2841: 2835: 2826:, 1923, p. 428, 2822:Boardman, John. 2820: 2814: 2803: 2797: 2788:, 1986, p. 470, 2782: 2776: 2767:, 1986, p. 479, 2761: 2755: 2752: 2746: 2736: 2730: 2724: 2718: 2714: 2708: 2704: 2698: 2694: 2688: 2685:N. G. L. Hammond 2681: 2675: 2672: 2666: 2663: 2657: 2651: 2645: 2639: 2633: 2627: 2621: 2615: 2609: 2603: 2597: 2591: 2585: 2579: 2573: 2567: 2561: 2555: 2549: 2543: 2537: 2531: 2525: 2519: 2510: 2504: 2498: 2494: 2488: 2478: 2472: 2466: 2460: 2449: 2443: 2432: 2426: 2417: 2398:Thracian warfare 2232:several decades. 2062:battle of Pelium 1725:. Ancient Greek 1719:Glasinac culture 1512:battle of Actium 1409: 1059:Diodorus Siculus 979:Battle of Cannae 880:Pannonian Revolt 744:Second Punic War 608:Gallic invasions 594:Diodorus Siculus 219:. They were the 110:Tribal conflicts 24:and in southern 6358: 6357: 6351: 6350: 6349: 6347: 6346: 6345: 6341:Ancient warfare 6326: 6325: 6324: 6319: 6296: 6283:Illyrian tribes 6255: 6217: 6176:Moesia Superior 6099: 6076: 6027:Desilo shipyard 5948:Siege of Pelium 5920: 5839: 5811:Vače Belt-Plate 5799:Selca e Poshtme 5697: 5614:Selcë e Poshtme 5403:Hedum castellum 5337:(Lower Neretva) 5199:Ad Acroceraunia 5182: 5174: 5117: 4898:Cleitus Dardani 4796: 4569: 4564: 4529: 4514: 4503: 4497: 4482: 4476: 4461: 4455: 4440: 4434: 4419: 4413: 4398: 4392: 4377: 4374: 4369: 4368: 4363: 4359: 4354: 4350: 4344: 4340: 4334: 4330: 4325: 4321: 4316: 4312: 4306: 4302: 4289: 4285: 4276: 4274: 4265: 4264: 4260: 4251: 4249: 4240: 4239: 4235: 4230: 4226: 4221: 4217: 4204: 4200: 4194: 4190: 4177: 4173: 4160: 4156: 4150: 4146: 4133: 4129: 4124: 4117: 4104: 4100: 4095: 4091: 4078: 4074: 4061: 4057: 4052: 4039: 4034: 4027: 4022: 4015: 4008: 4004: 3999: 3995: 3987: 3983: 3978: 3974: 3965: 3961: 3952: 3948: 3939: 3935: 3926: 3922: 3913: 3909: 3904: 3900: 3890: 3889: 3885: 3880: 3876: 3871: 3867: 3862: 3858: 3853: 3849: 3844: 3840: 3835: 3831: 3814: 3810: 3798: 3794: 3781: 3777: 3768: 3764: 3755: 3751: 3742: 3738: 3725: 3718: 3705: 3698: 3685: 3681: 3668: 3664: 3651: 3647: 3634: 3630: 3617: 3608: 3595: 3591: 3578: 3574: 3561: 3557: 3544: 3540: 3524: 3520: 3512: 3508: 3502: 3498: 3492: 3488: 3472: 3468: 3462: 3446: 3445: 3441: 3436: 3432: 3424: 3420: 3405: 3401: 3381: 3377: 3372: 3368: 3362:Historia Romana 3356: 3352: 3340: 3336: 3316: 3312: 3304: 3300: 3281:Miller, Norma. 3280: 3276: 3271: 3267: 3261: 3257: 3251: 3247: 3243:, 2000, page 47 3234: 3230: 3225: 3221: 3216: 3212: 3207: 3203: 3191: 3187: 3174: 3170: 3165: 3161: 3148: 3144: 3139: 3135: 3122: 3118: 3106: 3102: 3089: 3085: 3072: 3068: 3063: 3059: 3054: 3050: 3045: 3038: 3026: 3022: 3015: 3006: 2983: 2979: 2956: 2952: 2925: 2921: 2898: 2894: 2855: 2851: 2842: 2838: 2821: 2817: 2804: 2800: 2783: 2779: 2762: 2758: 2753: 2749: 2737: 2733: 2725: 2721: 2715: 2711: 2705: 2701: 2695: 2691: 2682: 2678: 2673: 2669: 2664: 2660: 2652: 2648: 2640: 2636: 2628: 2624: 2616: 2612: 2604: 2600: 2592: 2588: 2580: 2576: 2568: 2564: 2556: 2552: 2544: 2540: 2532: 2528: 2520: 2513: 2505: 2501: 2495: 2491: 2479: 2475: 2467: 2463: 2450: 2446: 2433: 2429: 2418: 2411: 2406: 2339: 2317:Caecina Severus 2301: 2222: 2180: 2091: 1986: 1925: 1898: 1875: 1857: 1836: 1812: 1803:cyclopean walls 1703:North Macedonia 1675: 1670: 1600: 1586:Πρίστις) was a 1580: 1452: 1400: 1297: 1264: 1240: 1179:Illyrian helmet 1167:Shmarjet helmet 1098: 1092: 1052: 936:Caecina Severus 868: 862: 674:First Punic War 666: 660: 616: 610: 488: 454:; according to 405: 399: 355:Pliny the Elder 253: 152: 112: 84:Greek mythology 80: 37:Illyrian tribes 12: 11: 5: 6356: 6355: 6352: 6344: 6343: 6338: 6328: 6327: 6321: 6320: 6318: 6317: 6307: 6301: 6298: 6297: 6295: 6294: 6289: 6288: 6287: 6286: 6285: 6269: 6267: 6261: 6260: 6257: 6256: 6254: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6242: 6241: 6231: 6225: 6223: 6219: 6218: 6216: 6215: 6214: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6198: 6196:Pannonia Savia 6193: 6191:Pannonia Prima 6188: 6183: 6178: 6173: 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6145: 6144: 6143: 6135: 6134: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6115: 6109: 6107: 6101: 6100: 6098: 6097: 6096: 6095: 6084: 6082: 6078: 6077: 6075: 6074: 6073: 6072: 6067: 6062: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6024: 6019: 6018: 6017: 6007: 6002: 6001: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5951: 5950: 5940: 5934: 5932: 5922: 5921: 5919: 5918: 5915: 5914: 5909: 5904: 5903: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5876: 5875: 5865: 5860: 5849: 5847: 5841: 5840: 5838: 5837: 5834: 5833: 5832: 5831: 5826: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5802: 5801: 5796: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5777: 5776: 5771: 5766: 5761: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5707: 5705: 5699: 5698: 5696: 5695: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5646: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5569: 5564: 5559: 5554: 5540: 5535: 5530: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5483: 5478: 5473: 5471:Mursa (Osijek) 5468: 5463: 5456: 5451: 5444: 5434: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5370: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5321: 5320: 5310: 5305: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5190: 5188: 5176: 5175: 5173: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5151: 5150: 5140: 5135: 5125: 5123: 5119: 5118: 5116: 5115: 5113:Valentinian II 5110: 5105: 5100: 5095: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5015: 5010: 5005: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4920: 4915: 4913:Constantius II 4910: 4905: 4900: 4895: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4815: 4810: 4804: 4802: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4794: 4793: 4792: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4741: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4694: 4693: 4688: 4678: 4673: 4672: 4671: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4615: 4614: 4609: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4583: 4581: 4571: 4570: 4565: 4563: 4562: 4555: 4548: 4540: 4534: 4533: 4527: 4512: 4501: 4495: 4480: 4474: 4459: 4453: 4438: 4432: 4417: 4411: 4396: 4390: 4373: 4370: 4367: 4366: 4357: 4348: 4338: 4328: 4319: 4310: 4300: 4283: 4258: 4233: 4224: 4215: 4198: 4188: 4171: 4154: 4144: 4142:, 1977, p. 174 4127: 4115: 4098: 4089: 4072: 4055: 4037: 4025: 4013: 4010:Verg. A. 5.114 4002: 3993: 3981: 3972: 3959: 3946: 3933: 3920: 3907: 3898: 3883: 3874: 3865: 3856: 3847: 3838: 3829: 3808: 3792: 3775: 3762: 3749: 3736: 3716: 3696: 3679: 3662: 3645: 3628: 3606: 3589: 3572: 3555: 3538: 3518: 3506: 3496: 3486: 3466: 3460: 3439: 3430: 3426:Stipčević 1989 3418: 3399: 3382:Wilkes, J. J. 3375: 3366: 3350: 3334: 3317:Wilkes, J. J. 3310: 3298: 3274: 3265: 3255: 3245: 3228: 3219: 3210: 3201: 3185: 3168: 3159: 3142: 3133: 3116: 3100: 3083: 3066: 3057: 3048: 3036: 3020: 3004: 2977: 2950: 2919: 2892: 2849: 2836: 2815: 2798: 2777: 2756: 2747: 2731: 2719: 2709: 2699: 2689: 2676: 2667: 2658: 2656:, p. 216. 2646: 2644:, p. 167. 2634: 2632:, p. 127. 2622: 2620:, p. 237. 2610: 2608:, p. 136. 2598: 2596:, p. 216. 2594:Papazoglu 1978 2586: 2584:, p. 104. 2574: 2572:, p. 251. 2562: 2550: 2548:, p. 785. 2538: 2536:, p. 298. 2526: 2511: 2499: 2489: 2473: 2461: 2444: 2427: 2408: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2401: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2348:Dacian warfare 2345: 2343:Celtic warfare 2338: 2335: 2334: 2333: 2330: 2323: 2320: 2313: 2300: 2299:1st century AD 2297: 2296: 2295: 2280: 2273: 2258: 2247: 2236: 2233: 2229: 2221: 2220:1st century BC 2218: 2217: 2216: 2213: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2179: 2178:2nd century BC 2176: 2175: 2174: 2170: 2163: 2160: 2153: 2142: 2132: 2122: 2115: 2100: 2096: 2090: 2089:3rd century BC 2087: 2086: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2067: 2064: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2006: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1985: 1984:4th century BC 1982: 1981: 1980: 1973: 1970: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1941: 1938: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1924: 1923:5th century BC 1921: 1920: 1919: 1916: 1909: 1906: 1897: 1896:6th century BC 1894: 1893: 1892: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1874: 1873:7th century BC 1871: 1870: 1869: 1856: 1855:8th century BC 1853: 1852: 1851: 1835: 1832: 1811: 1808: 1758:Ancient Greeks 1754:Greek colonies 1707:Lower Carniola 1674: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1599: 1598:Fortifications 1596: 1579: 1576: 1451: 1448: 1399: 1396: 1296: 1293: 1263: 1260: 1239: 1236: 1204:fighting sword 1163:Conical helmet 1094:Main article: 1091: 1088: 1051: 1048: 995:Rhoemetalces I 864:Main article: 861: 858: 740:Cisalpine Gaul 732:Roman Republic 662:Main article: 659: 656: 612:Main article: 609: 606: 487: 484: 401:Main article: 398: 395: 252: 249: 151: 148: 111: 108: 79: 76: 41:their kingdoms 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6354: 6353: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6316: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6302: 6299: 6293: 6290: 6284: 6281: 6280: 6279: 6276: 6275: 6274: 6271: 6270: 6268: 6266: 6262: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6240: 6237: 6236: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6226: 6224: 6220: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6148: 6146: 6142: 6139: 6138: 6136: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6118: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6110: 6108: 6106: 6102: 6094: 6091: 6090: 6089: 6086: 6085: 6083: 6079: 6071: 6068: 6066: 6063: 6061: 6058: 6057: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6025: 6023: 6020: 6016: 6013: 6012: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5978:Erigon Valley 5976: 5975: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5949: 5946: 5945: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5935: 5933: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5917: 5916: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5874: 5871: 5870: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5855: 5854: 5851: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5842: 5836: 5835: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5821: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5791: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5767: 5765: 5762: 5760: 5757: 5756: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5721:Daunian stele 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5704: 5700: 5693: 5689: 5688: 5684: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5651: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5574: 5570: 5568: 5565: 5563: 5560: 5558: 5555: 5552: 5551: 5546: 5545: 5541: 5539: 5536: 5534: 5531: 5529: 5528: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5491: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5477: 5474: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5462: 5461: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5449: 5445: 5442: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5432: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5415: 5411: 5409: 5408:Hija e Korbit 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5378: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5368: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5319: 5318:Lower Neretva 5316: 5315: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5283: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5266: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5217: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5202: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5181: 5177: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5149: 5146: 5145: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5130: 5127: 5126: 5124: 5120: 5114: 5111: 5109: 5108:Valentinian I 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5068:Pleuratus III 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5044: 5041: 5039: 5036: 5034: 5031: 5029: 5026: 5024: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4919: 4916: 4914: 4911: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4839: 4836: 4834: 4831: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4821: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4805: 4803: 4799: 4791: 4788: 4787: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4725: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4692: 4689: 4687: 4684: 4683: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4670: 4667: 4666: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4657: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4604: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4584: 4582: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4561: 4556: 4554: 4549: 4547: 4542: 4541: 4538: 4530: 4528:0-631-19807-5 4524: 4520: 4519: 4518:The Illyrians 4513: 4509: 4508: 4502: 4498: 4496:9788603991062 4492: 4488: 4487: 4481: 4477: 4475:90-256-0793-4 4471: 4467: 4466: 4460: 4456: 4454:0-521-23348-8 4450: 4446: 4445: 4439: 4435: 4433:0-306-46158-7 4429: 4425: 4424: 4418: 4414: 4412:9789025610500 4408: 4404: 4403: 4397: 4393: 4387: 4383: 4382: 4376: 4375: 4371: 4361: 4358: 4352: 4349: 4342: 4339: 4332: 4329: 4323: 4320: 4314: 4311: 4304: 4301: 4297: 4296:1-84176-329-2 4293: 4287: 4284: 4273:on 2011-10-04 4272: 4268: 4262: 4259: 4248:on 2012-03-31 4247: 4243: 4237: 4234: 4228: 4225: 4219: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4202: 4199: 4192: 4189: 4185: 4184:0-631-19807-5 4181: 4175: 4172: 4168: 4167:0-521-78999-0 4164: 4158: 4155: 4148: 4145: 4141: 4140:0-8155-5052-9 4137: 4131: 4128: 4122: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4111:0-521-23348-8 4108: 4102: 4099: 4093: 4090: 4086: 4085:88-8265-212-2 4082: 4076: 4073: 4069: 4068:88-8265-212-2 4065: 4059: 4056: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4044: 4042: 4038: 4032: 4030: 4026: 4020: 4018: 4014: 4011: 4006: 4003: 3997: 3994: 3990: 3985: 3982: 3976: 3973: 3969: 3963: 3960: 3956: 3953:C. G. Starr, 3950: 3947: 3943: 3937: 3934: 3930: 3924: 3921: 3917: 3914:C. G. Starr, 3911: 3908: 3902: 3899: 3894: 3887: 3884: 3878: 3875: 3869: 3866: 3860: 3857: 3851: 3848: 3842: 3839: 3833: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3821:0-631-19807-5 3818: 3812: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3796: 3793: 3789: 3788:0-520-07374-6 3785: 3779: 3776: 3772: 3766: 3763: 3759: 3753: 3750: 3746: 3740: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3723: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3712:1-85367-303-X 3709: 3703: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3692:0-521-85073-8 3689: 3683: 3680: 3676: 3675:0-631-19807-5 3672: 3666: 3663: 3659: 3658:0-631-19807-5 3655: 3649: 3646: 3642: 3641:0-631-19807-5 3638: 3632: 3629: 3625: 3624:0-631-19807-5 3621: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3602:0-19-815306-6 3599: 3593: 3590: 3586: 3585:0-19-815306-6 3582: 3576: 3573: 3569: 3568:0-19-815306-6 3565: 3559: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3542: 3539: 3535: 3534:0-7661-3577-2 3531: 3527: 3522: 3519: 3515: 3510: 3507: 3500: 3497: 3490: 3487: 3483: 3482:0-8155-5052-9 3479: 3475: 3470: 3467: 3463: 3461:1-85532-513-6 3457: 3453: 3449: 3443: 3440: 3434: 3431: 3427: 3422: 3419: 3415: 3412: 3408: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3393: 3392:0-631-19807-5 3389: 3385: 3384:The Illyrians 3379: 3376: 3370: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3354: 3351: 3347: 3344:, 2.110–111; 3343: 3338: 3335: 3332: 3328: 3327:0-631-19807-5 3324: 3320: 3319:The Illyrians 3314: 3311: 3308: 3302: 3299: 3296: 3292: 3291:1-85399-358-1 3288: 3284: 3278: 3275: 3269: 3266: 3259: 3256: 3249: 3246: 3242: 3241:1-85367-389-7 3238: 3232: 3229: 3223: 3220: 3214: 3211: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3198:0-87169-176-0 3195: 3189: 3186: 3182: 3181:0-631-19807-5 3178: 3172: 3169: 3163: 3160: 3156: 3155:0-306-80654-1 3152: 3146: 3143: 3137: 3134: 3130: 3129:0-631-19807-5 3126: 3120: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3104: 3101: 3097: 3096:0-631-19807-5 3093: 3087: 3084: 3080: 3079:0-631-19807-5 3076: 3070: 3067: 3061: 3058: 3052: 3049: 3043: 3041: 3037: 3034: 3033:0-85115-923-0 3030: 3024: 3021: 3018: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3005: 3002: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2990:0-8078-4744-5 2987: 2981: 2978: 2975: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2963:0-7864-1918-0 2960: 2954: 2951: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2935:0-8061-3212-4 2932: 2928: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2910: 2906: 2905:0-7864-1918-0 2902: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2878:0-521-23348-8 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2862:0-521-85073-8 2859: 2853: 2850: 2846: 2840: 2837: 2833: 2832:0-521-23348-8 2829: 2825: 2819: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2802: 2799: 2795: 2794:0-19-873095-0 2791: 2787: 2781: 2778: 2774: 2773:0-19-873095-0 2770: 2766: 2760: 2757: 2751: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2735: 2732: 2728: 2723: 2720: 2713: 2710: 2703: 2700: 2693: 2690: 2686: 2680: 2677: 2671: 2668: 2662: 2659: 2655: 2650: 2647: 2643: 2638: 2635: 2631: 2626: 2623: 2619: 2614: 2611: 2607: 2602: 2599: 2595: 2590: 2587: 2583: 2578: 2575: 2571: 2566: 2563: 2560:, p. 13. 2559: 2554: 2551: 2547: 2542: 2539: 2535: 2530: 2527: 2523: 2518: 2516: 2512: 2509: 2503: 2500: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2483: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2465: 2462: 2458: 2457:0-631-20102-5 2454: 2448: 2445: 2441: 2440:0-631-20102-5 2437: 2431: 2428: 2424: 2423: 2419:Apollodorus, 2416: 2414: 2410: 2403: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2364: 2363:Illyrian Wars 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2340: 2336: 2331: 2328: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2314: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2302: 2298: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2278: 2274: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2234: 2230: 2228: 2224: 2223: 2219: 2214: 2212: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2185: 2184: 2183: 2177: 2171: 2168: 2164: 2161: 2158: 2154: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2120: 2116: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2092: 2088: 2083: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1987: 1983: 1978: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1964: 1961: 1958: 1955: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1922: 1917: 1914: 1910: 1907: 1904: 1900: 1899: 1895: 1890: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1877: 1876: 1872: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1858: 1854: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1838: 1837: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1809: 1807: 1805: 1804: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1750:Hellenisation 1747: 1742: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1679: 1672: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1659: 1658: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1604: 1597: 1595: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1584:Ancient Greek 1582:The Pristis ( 1577: 1575: 1573: 1569: 1564: 1562: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1533: 1529: 1527: 1522: 1518: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1484: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1461: 1456: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1405: 1397: 1395: 1393: 1389: 1384: 1382: 1376: 1374: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1308: 1303: 1295:Illyrian navy 1294: 1292: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1268: 1261: 1259: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1237: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1228:Ancient Greek 1225: 1219: 1218: 1215: 1212: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1188: 1185: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1159:bronze helmet 1151: 1147: 1145: 1139: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1120: 1116: 1111: 1108: 1104: 1097: 1089: 1087: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1072: 1066: 1062: 1060: 1056: 1049: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1002: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 984: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 959: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 867: 859: 857: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 786: 784: 780: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 751: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 724: 722: 718: 714: 709: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 684: 679: 675: 671: 665: 664:Illyrian Wars 657: 655: 653: 647: 645: 641: 637: 633: 632:Morava valley 629: 624: 622: 615: 607: 604: 603: 597: 595: 591: 587: 582: 578: 576: 575:Perdiccas III 571: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 507: 503: 501: 497: 493: 485: 483: 480: 476: 471: 469: 463: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 424: 422: 418: 414: 410: 404: 396: 394: 392: 388: 384: 379: 374: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 351: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 312: 310: 306: 300: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 266: 257: 250: 248: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 198: 194: 189: 187: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 157: 149: 147: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 109: 107: 105: 101: 97: 93: 89: 85: 77: 75: 73: 69: 65: 61: 56: 54: 53:Mediterranean 50: 46: 42: 38: 33: 31: 27: 23: 19: 6137:Prefectures 6105:Roman period 6022:Batonian War 5925: 5794:Boka-Përçeva 5685: 5648: 5571: 5548: 5542: 5525: 5458: 5446: 5429: 5365: 5280: 5263: 5078:Scerdilaidas 5063:Pleuratus II 4868:Bato Dardani 4517: 4506: 4485: 4464: 4443: 4422: 4401: 4380: 4372:Bibliography 4360: 4351: 4341: 4331: 4322: 4313: 4303: 4286: 4275:. Retrieved 4271:the original 4261: 4250:. Retrieved 4246:the original 4236: 4227: 4218: 4201: 4191: 4174: 4157: 4147: 4130: 4101: 4092: 4075: 4058: 4005: 3996: 3984: 3975: 3967: 3962: 3954: 3949: 3941: 3936: 3928: 3923: 3915: 3910: 3901: 3892: 3886: 3877: 3868: 3859: 3850: 3841: 3832: 3811: 3806:, on Perseus 3803: 3795: 3778: 3770: 3765: 3757: 3752: 3744: 3743:Hans Krahe, 3739: 3682: 3665: 3648: 3631: 3592: 3575: 3558: 3541: 3525: 3521: 3513: 3509: 3499: 3489: 3473: 3469: 3451: 3442: 3433: 3421: 3413: 3402: 3395: 3383: 3378: 3369: 3361: 3353: 3337: 3330: 3318: 3313: 3306: 3301: 3294: 3282: 3277: 3268: 3258: 3253:Messenia..." 3248: 3231: 3222: 3213: 3204: 3188: 3171: 3162: 3145: 3136: 3119: 3111: 3103: 3086: 3069: 3060: 3051: 3023: 2980: 2953: 2926: 2922: 2895: 2852: 2844: 2839: 2823: 2818: 2806: 2801: 2785: 2780: 2764: 2759: 2750: 2738: 2734: 2722: 2712: 2702: 2692: 2679: 2670: 2661: 2649: 2637: 2625: 2613: 2601: 2589: 2582:Hammond 1993 2577: 2565: 2553: 2541: 2529: 2507: 2502: 2492: 2485: 2484:, page 111, 2481: 2476: 2469: 2464: 2447: 2430: 2420: 2181: 1827: 1813: 1801: 1743: 1684: 1655: 1651: 1631: 1626: 1624: 1609: 1591: 1587: 1581: 1565: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1534: 1530: 1521:quinqueremes 1500:Ancient Rome 1485: 1471: 1467: 1465: 1444: 1415: 1401: 1385: 1377: 1372: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1334: 1324: 1312: 1298: 1273: 1241: 1223: 1221: 1216: 1210: 1209: 1203: 1189: 1175:Negau helmet 1158: 1156: 1140: 1112: 1099: 1079:Adriatic Sea 1076: 1068: 1064: 1057: 1053: 1036: 1003: 998: 960: 879: 875: 871: 869: 834:Adriatic Sea 824:overran the 789: 787: 752: 727: 725: 715:also set up 710: 669: 667: 648: 625: 617: 600: 599: 583: 579: 572: 512: 489: 472: 464: 460:Pythagoreans 447: 425: 406: 375: 352: 313: 301: 262: 209:Polydynastae 208: 190: 153: 113: 81: 78:Mythological 57: 34: 15: 6292:Settlements 6161:Epirus Nova 5816:Vače Situla 5692:Albanopolis 5557:Pola (Pula) 5460:Matohasanaj 5298:Chrysondyon 5224:Antipatreia 5209:Albanopolis 5058:Pleuratus I 5013:Justinian I 4888:Caravantius 4853:Bardylis II 4659:Daesitiates 4619:Atintanians 3940:L. Casson, 3769:L. Casson, 3504:(sicarius)" 3407:Dio Cassius 3346:Dio Cassius 3272:Gruen, 359. 2654:Wilkes 1995 2642:Wilkes 1995 2630:Wilkes 1995 2618:Wilkes 1995 2570:Kipfer 2000 2558:Wilkes 1969 2534:Wilkes 1995 2306:Daesitiates 2240:Cornificius 2126:Queen Teuta 1796:located in 1652:castelliere 1632:castellieri 1627:Castellieri 1517:quadriremes 1488:penteconter 1381:Queen Teuta 1238:Mercenaries 1232:boar spears 1010:Fruška Gora 888:Daesitiates 810:Dyrrhachium 798:Macedonians 788:During the 785:in 214 BC. 500:Amyntas III 197:Hellenistic 6330:Categories 6229:Illyrology 6147:Provinces 5868:Deipaturos 5820:Tattooing 5781:Soleto Map 5619:Sesarethus 5276:Brundisium 5204:Ad Quintum 5170:Taulantian 5155:Dassaretan 5138:Autariatan 4933:Diocletian 4755:Osseriates 4698:Dassaretii 4644:Bassanitae 4639:Baridustae 4624:Autariatae 4277:2011-08-28 4252:2011-08-28 4213:, page 222 4196:preserved" 3756:H. Krahe, 3409:LV.29–34; 2729:, vii 170. 2404:References 2304:6 AD. The 2266:Pannonians 2104:Acarnanian 2004:Mollosians 1862:Liburnians 1824:Celticized 1800:included " 1790:Dardanians 1784:& the 1739:Montenegro 1699:Lake Ohrid 1648:Monfalcone 1553:quadrieres 1508:Macedonian 1410:, "boat", 1356:drakoforos 1327:Ionian Sea 1252:Autariatae 1248:Lysimachus 1115:Bronze Age 1022:Punic Wars 997:, a Roman 975:Germanicus 926:in modern 854:Roman Navy 742:, and the 640:Dardanians 628:Autariatae 584:In 358 BC 535:Ionian Sea 413:Messapians 324:Corinthian 285:Bronze Age 265:Liburnians 229:Endirudini 128:Autariatae 64:Ionian Sea 28:where the 6171:Macedonia 6166:Illyricum 6141:Illyricum 6131:Macedonia 6126:Illyricum 6117:Dioceses 5983:Lyncestis 5907:Nymphaion 5774:Peucetian 5769:Messapian 5726:Education 5687:Zgërdhesh 5562:Poslishte 5538:Pituntium 5454:Lychnidus 5330:Delminium 5308:Damastion 5229:Apollonia 5219:Andetrium 5180:Geography 5160:Enchelean 5143:Dardanian 5028:Monounios 4978:Grabos II 4953:Flavianus 4843:Baraliris 4785:Taulantii 4780:Siculotae 4775:Sardiatae 4723:Iapygians 4654:Bylliones 4607:Docleatai 4567:Illyrians 3494:times..." 3411:Suetonius 3348:, 55.30,1 2727:Herodotus 2707:Corcyra." 2358:Illyrians 2288:Scordisci 2211:Delminium 2112:Aetolians 2095:Keraunos. 2000:Bardyllis 1913:Megabazus 1848:Illyrians 1816:Romanized 1657:Nesactium 1572:Dalmatian 1541:Suetonius 1432:Seleucids 1412:romanized 1335:Corynthia 1256:Antigonus 1200:Thracians 1117:. In the 1107:Messapian 1029:destroyed 1018:Suetonius 944:Illyricum 838:campaigns 806:Apollonia 698:Apollonia 694:Epidamnus 644:Paeonians 621:Alexander 590:Bardyllis 588:defeated 567:stratagem 555:Agesilaus 531:Dionysius 525:to place 519:Dionysius 515:Molossian 492:Bardyllis 456:Aristotle 444:Lucanians 348:Taulantii 340:Eretrians 336:Bacchiade 281:Pannonian 245:Docleatae 221:Taulantii 203:centres. 186:Illyrians 169:Bardyllis 100:Illyrians 18:Illyrians 6315:Category 6305:Timeline 6181:Pannonia 6156:Delmatia 6151:Dardania 6088:Illyrian 6081:Language 5998:Phoenice 5974:Battles 5930:weaponry 5912:Swastika 5885:Medaurus 5853:Religion 5755:Pottery 5681:Vendenis 5666:Ulkinium 5639:Tilurium 5634:Thronion 5544:Pogradec 5527:Persqopi 5511:Palaeste 5393:Eugenium 5388:Epicaria 5383:Enkelana 5351:Doracium 5303:Creonion 5259:Bassania 5254:Bargulum 5133:Labeatan 5129:Ardiaean 5098:Triteuta 5073:Pleurias 5033:Monunius 5018:Longarus 5008:Justin I 4973:Grabos I 4958:Galaurus 4873:Bircenna 4848:Bardylis 4838:Ballaios 4833:Aurelian 4770:Pirustae 4765:Penestae 4760:Parthini 4703:Enchelei 4691:Thuantai 4669:Tariotes 4664:Dalmatae 4634:Balaites 4612:Labeatae 4597:Amantini 4298:, page 6 3414:Tiberius 3285:, 2002, 2739:Politica 2497:Konjic." 2337:See also 2292:Dalmatia 2284:Tiberius 2264:against 2262:Octavius 2255:Partheni 2253:against 2196:177 BC. 2130:Phoenice 2124:230 BC. 2119:Bylazora 2058:Glaukias 2048:335 BC. 2035:344 BC. 1998:385 BC. 1977:Syracuse 1887:602 BC. 1864:abandon 1860:735 BC. 1846:against 1840:Enchelii 1834:Timeline 1798:Dalmatia 1766:Thessaly 1746:Adriatic 1731:Slovenia 1711:Slovenia 1691:Glasinac 1687:Iron Age 1620:Delmatae 1612:Tilurium 1568:Croatian 1549:penteres 1480:Picenian 1468:libyrnis 1424:Dalmatia 1354:, and a 1289:pectoral 1262:Nobility 1196:machaira 1144:Slovenia 1119:Iron Age 1090:Weaponry 1040:Tiberius 1026:Arminius 991:Thracian 971:Pannonia 967:Dalmatia 948:Pannonii 900:Tiberius 826:Illyrian 759:Cyclades 642:and the 551:Spartans 543:hoplites 523:Syracuse 436:Messapii 421:Daunians 417:Peucetii 391:Dalmatae 367:Etruscan 361:and the 289:Iron Age 273:Adriatic 241:Labeatae 239:and the 205:Polybius 161:Pleurias 144:Delmatae 96:Enchelii 92:Harmonia 60:Adriatic 30:Iapygian 6211:Sirmium 6056:Sieges 6042:Liburna 5926:Warfare 5890:Perëndi 5858:Andinus 5829:Sicanje 5759:Daunian 5731:Fibulae 5716:Coinage 5703:Culture 5671:Ulpiana 5656:Tsangon 5650:Triport 5624:Setovia 5567:Promona 5516:Parthus 5481:Nikadin 5476:Nareste 5448:Lofkënd 5425:Kodrion 5356:Dresnik 5313:Daorson 5271:Bouthoe 5239:Arnissa 5214:Amantia 5148:Kingdom 5088:Tacitus 5038:Mytilos 4983:Gratian 4963:Gentius 4750:Narensi 4738:Peuceti 4733:Messapi 4718:Iapodes 4713:Grabaei 4686:Galabri 4681:Dardani 4602:Ardiaei 4592:Amantes 3416:16, 17. 3263:Pharos" 2845:Library 2811:15.13.1 2809:, Book 2807:Library 2743:v 1303a 2422:Library 2327:Bato II 2277:Iapydes 2275:34 BC. 2260:35 BC. 2249:39 BC. 2244:Gabinus 2238:48 BC. 2150:Corcyra 2136:Achaean 2060:in the 2054:Cleitus 1954:Grabaei 1794:Daorson 1770:Macedon 1762:Macedon 1735:Klicevo 1723:Albania 1715:Albania 1644:Trieste 1618:of the 1616:Setovia 1578:Pristis 1561:liburna 1557:trieres 1545:hexeres 1537:Tacitus 1492:trireme 1472:liburna 1450:Liburna 1436:Spartan 1420:warship 1392:Liburna 1277:torques 1184:Corinth 1171:Japodes 1014:Sirmium 1012:) near 1006:Bosnian 940:Sirmium 934:led by 928:Croatia 916:Bato II 904:Germans 850:Gentius 818:Iguvium 814:triumph 794:Gentius 783:Messene 775:Macedon 769:. From 702:Korkyra 692:cities 683:consuls 678:Illyria 668:In the 636:Ardiaei 563:Aetolia 559:Arymbas 553:led by 527:Alcetas 452:Iapyges 440:Peuceti 432:Rhegion 387:Iapodes 344:Corcyra 332:Corinth 320:Corcyra 309:Picenum 297:Picenum 269:Liburna 237:Grabaei 225:Pleraei 181:Ardiaei 179:of the 175:and of 173:Dardani 171:of the 165:Ardiaei 156:Enchele 136:Ardiaei 132:Ardiaei 124:Promona 45:Balkans 43:in the 22:Illyria 6278:Tribes 6273:People 6070:Oricum 6065:Medion 6047:Sibyna 6037:Lembus 6032:Helmet 5993:Pharos 5900:Tomorr 5895:Prende 5863:Bindus 5790:Tombs 5764:Desilo 5751:Pileus 5676:Uscana 5661:Ugento 5604:Salvia 5599:Salona 5589:Romajë 5584:Rhizon 5579:Ragusa 5573:Rabije 5550:Castle 5521:Pelion 5506:Oricum 5486:Nikaia 5466:Meteon 5437:Lissus 5431:Kratul 5398:Gertus 5377:Durrës 5346:Doclea 5341:Dimale 5335:Desilo 5293:Chinna 5288:Byllis 5282:Bushat 5234:Arduba 5103:Valens 5083:Sirras 5053:Plator 5048:Pinnes 5003:Jovian 4998:Jerome 4943:Epulon 4918:Cynane 4878:Caeria 4828:Audata 4823:Astius 4801:People 4745:Mazaei 4676:Daorsi 4649:Breuci 4587:Albani 4579:Tribes 4525: 4493: 4472: 4451: 4430: 4409: 4388: 4294: 4209: 4182: 4165: 4138: 4109: 4083: 4070:, 2003 4066: 3819: 3800:λέμβος 3786: 3730: 3714:, 2006 3710: 3690: 3673: 3656: 3639: 3622: 3600: 3583: 3566: 3549: 3532: 3480: 3458: 3390: 3364:2.113. 3325: 3289: 3239: 3196: 3179: 3153: 3127: 3094: 3077: 3031: 2996: 2988: 2969: 2961: 2941: 2933: 2911: 2903: 2884: 2876: 2868: 2860: 2830: 2792: 2771: 2455: 2438: 2393:Sibyna 2325:8 AD. 2315:7 AD. 2310:Bato I 2282:9 BC. 2270:Siscia 2227:Salona 2108:Medeon 2099:Celts. 2037:Caeria 1903:Aegean 1844:Cadmus 1842:under 1717:. 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