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401:'s curse, the disheartened Ilmarinen attempts to craft a new one from gold and silver, but finds the golden wife hard and cold. Dismayed, he attempts to wed her to his brother VÀinÀmöinen instead, but the old sage rejects her, saying that the golden wife ought to be cast back into the furnace and tells Ilmarinen to "forge from her a thousand trinkets". Speaking to all of his people, he further adds:
83:. He is immortal and capable of creating practically anything, but is portrayed as being unlucky in love. He is described as working the known metals of the time, including brass, copper, iron, gold, and silver. The great works of Ilmarinen include the crafting of the dome of the sky and the forging of the
326:
On the first day, Ilmarinen looked down into the flames and saw that the metal had taken the form of a crossbow with a golden arch, a copper shaft and quarrel-tips of silver. But the bow had an evil spirit, asking for a new victim each day, and so
Ilmarinen broke it and cast the pieces back into the
1291:
Frog (2019). "Mythologies in transformation: Symbolic transfer, hybridisation, and creolisation in the Circum-Baltic arena (illustrated through the changing roles of *TÄ«waz, *Ilma, and ĂĂ°inn, the fishing adventure of the thunder god, and a Finno-Karelian creolisation of North
Germanic religion". In
315:
On having returned home, VÀinÀmöinen tries to awe
Ilmarinen with tales of the maiden's beauty and so lure him to Pohjola. Ilmarinen sees through the ruse, however, and refuses. Not to be outdone, VÀinÀmöinen tricks the smith into climbing a fir tree trying to bring down moonlight that is glimmering
345:
Angered at his lack of success, Ilmarinen conjures the four winds to fan the flames. The winds blow for three days, until finally, the Sampo is born, taking the shape of a magic mill that produces grain, salt and gold. Pleased with his creation at last, Ilmarinen presents it to Louhi, who promptly
455:
In another example of Lönnrot's editorial license, the
Kullervo cycle originally existed as an independent series of runes. In his effort to create a homogeneous narrative, Lönnrot presented Kullervo as Ilmarinen's slave in order to insert Kullervo into the Sampo cycle of runes. However, some
361:, rune 12) for example, Ilmarinen goes willingly to Pohjola to forge the Sampo, not because he was tricked by VÀinÀmöinen, but in order to redeem VÀinÀmöinen from death. In addition, the same rune portrays Ilmarinen as returning home successfully with the Maiden of the North.
323:, and her daughter, the Maiden of Pohjola, and having seen the maiden's beauty, consents to build a Sampo. For three days, he sought a place to build a great forge. In that forge he placed metals and started working, tending the magic fire with help of the slaves of Pohjola.
330:
On the second day, there came a metal ship from the fire, with ribs of gold and copper oars. Though beautiful to behold, it too was evil at heart, being too eager to rush towards battle, and so, Ilmarinen broke the magic boat apart and cast back the pieces once more.
312:, a magic artifact. VÀinÀmöinen replied that he could not make her one, but that Ilmarinen could, and promised to send the great smith to Pohjola to do just that. In return for this wondrous device, Louhi would also give Ilmarinen her daughter's hand in marriage.
603:
341:
On the fourth day, a golden plow is pulled from the forge, with a golden plowshare, a copper beam and silver handles. But it too is flawed, plowing up planted fields and furrowing meadows. In despair, Ilmarinen destroys his creation once more.
1249:
Hasselblatt, Cornelius; van der Hoeven, Adriaan, eds. (2012b), "Finno-Ugric
Folklore, Myth and Cultural Identity : Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Finno-Ugric Languages University of Groningen, 7-9, June 2011",
364:
Ilmarinen's portrayal as "unlucky in love" in the
Kalevala is primarily due to Lönnrot's own choices while revising and compiling the original runes to form a cohesive narrative. In another example from an original rune entitled
753:
373:, rune 17) Ilmarinen takes a journey to compete for Hiisi's daughter. He again succeeds in obtaining his wife after completing the tasks of ploughing a field of vipers, bringing Tuoni's bear, and bringing the pike of Tuoni.
464:'s opinion, the warning reproduced above is a secondary element that was probably added during the Christian period. Rather than serving as a cautionary tale, the original runes probably expressed the widespread myth of a
716:
437:
The tale of the Golden Wife can be seen as a cautionary tale based on the theme of "money cannot buy happiness". To a contemporary reader, there is also a similarity to the hubristic nature of the
1313:
Kouvola, Karolina (2019). "The artificial bride on both sides of the Gulf of
Finland: The Golden Maiden in Finno-Karelian and Estonian folk poetry". In Maths Bertell; Frog; Kendra Willson (eds.).
700:
621:
655:
349:
Returning triumphant to the Maiden of
Pohjola, Ilmarinen bids her to become his wife. To his dismay, she refuses to leave her native land, forcing him to return home alone and dejected.
779:
681:
809:
636:
456:
scholars are convinced that the Golden Bride was originally an independent rune that was eventually added to the Sampo cycle. Furthermore, independent variants of the
738:
338:
emerged, with golden horns and the sun and the stars on its brow. But alas, it was ill-tempered, and so the magical heifer was broken into pieces and melted down.
968:
528:, who say he forged the mountains in which they live. Another Power, the Odin-like Raven, speaks of Ilmarinen, "greatest of the Elder Powers," having taught him.
794:
577:
1346:
357:
Variants of the original runes used by Lönnrot in compiling the
Kalevala present a different picture of Ilmarinen. In one variant of The Sampo (
1259:
914:
1388:
208:
Ilmari(nen) is believed to have taken on the qualities of a smith through the Proto-Finnic contact with iron-working cultures, such as the
1893:
1368:
304:, the land of the North. In return for giving him safe passage from the land of Pohjola back to his native country, the enchantress
728:
1378:
1837:
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558:
976:
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31:
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1270:"Evolution, Revolution and Ethnocultural Substrata: From Finno-Ugric Sky-God to the North Finnic God-Smith Ilmarinen"
1878:
1801:
1297:
20:
1236:"Confluence, Continuity and Change in the Evolution of Myth: Cultural Activity and the Finno-Karelian Sampo-Cycle"
1428:
316:
on the branches. Conjuring a storm-wind with his magical song, VÀinÀmöinen then blows
Ilmarinen away to Pohjola.
265:
226:
heavily redacted the original runes collected by him and others, it's valuable to differentiate between the
209:
1888:
1844:
1361:
532:
509:
recorded a song called "Cursed Be Iron" about the aforementioned smith, and he is mentioned in "Rauta" by
487:
A portrayal of Ilmarinen and depiction of selected tales from the Kalevala can be found in the 1959 movie
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Contacts and Networks in the Baltic Sea Region: Austmarr as a northern mare nostrum, ca. 500-1500 AD
1294:
Contacts and Networks in the Baltic Sea Region: Austmarr as a northern mare nostrum, ca. 500-1500 AD
1095:"The Project Gutenberg eBook of Kalevala, Volume II (of 2), by Anonymous, Translated by W. F. Kirby"
297:
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Siikala, Anna-Leena (2002), "Mythic Images and Shamanism: A Perspective on Kalevala Poetry",
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Ilmarinen is also directly appealed to for aid in several incantation runes. Insofar as
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meaning something like 'sky'. This noun is also attested as the name of a god in
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510:
461:
1830:
1706:
1674:
1322:
1305:
70:
502:, which is a concept album based around the stories and legends of Ilmarinen.
881:
Lönnrot's revisions and even rewriting of runes is discussed at length in (
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Other names for Ilmarinen that are found in rune variants include
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84:
25:
1592:
1455:
1403:
839:, in Germanic myth dwarfs commonly fit the "artificer" archetype
541:
when the title character seeks him out to forge a sword for her.
1350:
205:
and so became the dominant form of the name in that tradition.
1187:
Finnish Folk Poetry: Epic: An Anthology in Finnish and English
335:
1221:
Frog, Mr; Siikala, Anna-Leena; Stepanova, Eila, eds. (2012),
1317:. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. pp. 211â234.
544:
Ilmarinen appears as Ilmari Heikkinen the Wonder-smith in
319:
Once there, Ilmarinen is approached by the toothless hag,
175:('Sky-being'); rare attestations of similar forms such as
1198:, translated by Bosley, Keith, Oxford University Press
1337:
Story of the forging of the Sampo at sacred texts.com
1223:"Mythic Discourses: Studies in Uralic Oral Tradition"
1207:, translated by Poom, Ritva, Indiana University Press
1185:
Kuusi, Matti; Bosley, Keith; Branch, Michael (1977),
123:, allowing the reconstruction of proto-Finno-Ugric *
1751:
1688:
1647:
1611:
1553:
1522:
1491:
1396:
1240:
Mythic Discourses: Studies in Uralic Oral Tradition
155:, suggesting that proto-Finno-Ugric likewise had a
1153:
1141:
1081:
857:
370:
358:
95:("smith"), which is the source of the given name
1274:Finno-Ugric Folklore, Myth and Cultural Identity
524:, Ilmarinen is the godlike Power revered by the
864:, The Smith) explicitly refers to Ilmollini as
1362:
610:VÀinÀmöinen and Ilmarinen by the Giant Spruce
8:
1342:Story of the Golden Wife at sacred texts.com
1292:Maths Bertell; Frog; Kendra Willson (eds.).
460:(Golden Bride) rune have been collected. In
111:('air') are attested in almost all the main
1129:
1117:
1069:
975:(in Finnish). Kalevalaseura. Archived from
882:
706:Illustration of the Sampo being forged, by
1369:
1355:
1347:
556:and northern European) myths and legends,
498:released their ninth album in 2009 called
1229:, no. 20, Finnish Literature Society
760:Ilmarinen Arrives as the Groom at Pohjola
79:, is a god and archetypal artificer from
949:(in Finnish). Kotimaisten kielten keskus
1194:Lönnrot, Elias (1999), "The Kalevala",
1057:
929:
897:
869:
849:
573:
389:
288:
159:credited with creating the sky called *
87:. His usual epithet in the Kalevala is
346:locks it in a vault deep underground.
1033:
1009:
56:
7:
1045:
1021:
997:
417:In the course of all your lifetime,
411:Whether you have large possessions,
397:After the loss of his first wife to
723:Ilmarinen Ploughs a Field of Vipers
429:For the gleam of gold is freezing,
426:Or distress yourselves for silver,
308:of Pohjola wanted to have made the
548:'s 500 Kingdoms Series' homage to
432:Only frost is breathed by silver."
420:While the golden moon is shining,
405:"Never, youths, however wretched,
197:enabled the formation of the name
189:seem to be loans from Finnic.) In
14:
788:, Robert Wilhelm Ekman, 1860â1872
414:Or are poor in your possessions,
1387:
1377:
1216:(280), Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia
1156:, endnotes for runes 21 and 22..
808:
793:
778:
752:
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16:A god from the Finnish mythology
1154:Kuusi, Bosley & Branch 1977
1142:Kuusi, Bosley & Branch 1977
1082:Kuusi, Bosley & Branch 1977
858:Kuusi, Bosley & Branch 1977
408:Nor in future, upgrown heroes,
371:Kuusi, Bosley & Branch 1977
359:Kuusi, Bosley & Branch 1977
230:and the original poems sung by
193:poetry, the diminutive suffix -
163:. In Proto-Finnic, the suffix -
1252:Studia Fenno-Ugrica Groningana
909:. Finnish Literature Society.
907:ItÀmerensuomalaisten mytologia
725:, Akseli Gallen-Kallela, 1916
69:or "the eternal hammerer"), a
1:
1227:S tudia fennica folkloristica
1203:PentikÀinen, Juha Y. (1999),
630:, Akseli Gallen-Kallela, 1892
628:Ilmarinen Flies Over the Moon
376:
107:Cognates of the Finnish word
1189:, Finnish Literature Society
905:Siikala, Anna-Leena (2013).
423:May you woo a golden woman,
1700:The Children of Mon and Man
973:Kalevalan kulttuurihistoria
694:by Joseph Alanen, 1910â1911
538:Dawn: Return of the Goddess
451:From original rune variants
353:From original rune variants
32:Old Student House, Helsinki
30:Statue of Ilmarinen at the
1910:
1894:Characters in the Kalevala
1802:Die Kalewainen in Pochjola
1298:Amsterdam University Press
969:"Kalevala ja suomen kieli"
816:Ilmarinen Forging the Moon
643:Ilmarinen Forges the Sampo
479:
334:On the third day, a metal
21:Ilmarinen (disambiguation)
18:
1323:10.1515/9789048532674-014
1306:10.1515/9789048532674-016
482:Kalevala § Influence
377:Ilmarinen's bride of gold
201:, which neatly fills two
1735:The Tomten in Ă
bo Castle
947:Kielitoimiston sanakirja
688:The Forging of the Sampo
662:The Forging of the Sampo
468:found throughout Arctic
270:The Forging of the Sampo
261:The forging of the Sampo
1196:Oxford World's Classics
518:The Winter of the World
256:Stories about Ilmarinen
1845:The Quest for Kalevala
1838:The Princess of Cyprus
1689:Works inspired by the
786:The Wedding at Pohjola
745:The Eagle and the Pike
533:Joseph Michael Linsner
435:
277:
171:to give the god-name *
46:
1852:The Story of Kullervo
1825:Kalevala translations
1809:Kalevala: The New Era
1789:Influences on Tolkien
1714:The Lord of the Rings
1168:The Hammer of the Sun
803:, Johan Kortman, 1890
531:Ilmarinen appears in
403:
274:Akseli Gallen-Kallela
268:
113:Finno-Ugric languages
29:
1742:The Wall of Serpents
1728:The Song of Hiawatha
1300:. pp. 263â288.
614:Robert Wilhelm Ekman
103:Etymology and origin
73:and inventor in the
58:[ËilmÉrinen]
19:For other uses, see
1782:Finnish neopaganism
1598:Sampsa Pellervoinen
762:, charcoal work by
522:Michael Scott Rohan
494:Finnish metal band
296:When the old sage,
121:Mordvinic languages
1767:Elric of Melniboné
1268:Frog, Mr (2012b),
1242:, pp. 205â256
1205:Kalevala Mythology
1144:, runes 21 and 22.
1000:, pp. 210â11.
476:In popular culture
369:(The Courtship), (
278:
47:
1879:Finnish mythology
1866:
1865:
1772:Finnish mythology
1261:978-90-423-0415-4
1234:Frog, Mr (2012),
1214:FF Communications
1099:www.gutenberg.org
1084:, runes 8 and 12.
916:978-952-222-393-7
860:) : rune 8 (
837:Dwarf (mythology)
732:
647:Berndt Godenhjelm
388:Summary based on
382:From the Kalevala
287:Summary based on
281:From the Kalevala
81:Finnish mythology
67:takoja iÀnikuinen
1901:
1777:Finnish paganism
1721:The Silmarillion
1391:
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1364:
1357:
1348:
1326:
1309:
1277:
1276:, pp. 25â43
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1130:PentikÀinen 1999
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153:Finnic languages
61:, also known as
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1285:Further reading
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979:on 5 March 2016
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516:In the trilogy
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1331:External links
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1254:, no. 7,
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1166:Rohan (1988),
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559:The Snow Queen
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480:Main article:
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441:legend, or to
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191:Kalevala metre
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36:Robert Stigell
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10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1906:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1889:Smithing gods
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1847:
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1835:
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1828:
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1803:
1799:
1797:
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1792:
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1787:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1752:Other related
1750:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1737:
1736:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1718:
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1500:
1497:
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1471:
1469:
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1462:
1459:
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1457:
1454:
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1432:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1420:
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1412:
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1407:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1385:
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1372:
1367:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1296:. Amsterdam:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1170:, p. 460
1169:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1111:
1100:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1039:
1036:, p. 35.
1035:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1012:, p. 25.
1011:
1006:
1003:
999:
994:
991:
978:
974:
970:
964:
961:
948:
944:
938:
935:
931:
926:
923:
918:
912:
908:
901:
898:
892:
884:
878:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
853:
850:
843:
838:
835:
834:
830:
821:
817:
811:
806:
802:
801:Pohjolan hÀÀt
796:
791:
787:
781:
776:
770:
765:
764:Johan Kortman
761:
755:
750:
746:
740:
735:
730:
724:
718:
713:
709:
702:
697:
693:
689:
683:
678:
672:
667:
663:
657:
652:
648:
644:
638:
633:
629:
623:
618:
615:
611:
605:
600:
594:
589:
588:Joseph Alanen
585:
579:
574:
566:
561:
560:
555:
552:(among other
551:
547:
543:
540:
539:
534:
530:
527:
523:
519:
515:
512:
508:
504:
501:
497:
493:
490:
486:
485:
483:
475:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
450:
448:
446:
445:
440:
434:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
402:
400:
393:
391:
386:
385:
381:
374:
372:
368:
362:
360:
352:
350:
347:
343:
339:
337:
332:
328:
324:
322:
317:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
292:
290:
285:
284:
280:
275:
271:
267:
260:
255:
253:
251:
247:
242:
238:
233:
229:
225:
224:Elias Lönnrot
220:
218:
214:
211:
210:Indo-European
206:
204:
203:trochaic feet
200:
196:
192:
188:
185:
181:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
102:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
77:
72:
68:
64:
59:
51:
42:
37:
33:
28:
22:
1884:Finnish gods
1850:
1843:
1836:
1829:
1815:Kalevala Day
1807:
1800:
1795:Jade Warrior
1793:
1759:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1690:
1509:LemminkÀinen
1498:
1384:The Kalevala
1382:
1314:
1293:
1273:
1251:
1239:
1226:
1213:
1204:
1195:
1186:
1167:
1161:
1149:
1137:
1125:
1113:
1102:. Retrieved
1098:
1089:
1077:
1065:
1058:Siikala 2002
1053:
1041:
1029:
1017:
1005:
993:
981:. Retrieved
977:the original
972:
963:
951:. Retrieved
946:
937:
930:Lönnrot 1999
925:
906:
900:
877:
870:Siikala 2002
865:
861:
852:
815:
800:
785:
759:
744:
722:
708:Rudolf Koivu
687:
661:
642:
627:
609:
584:Moonwatchers
583:
557:
554:Scandinavian
536:
517:
489:Sampo (film)
466:Golden Woman
458:Kultamorsian
457:
454:
444:Frankenstein
442:
436:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
407:
404:
396:
390:Lönnrot 1999
387:
366:
363:
356:
348:
344:
340:
333:
329:
325:
318:
314:
295:
289:Lönnrot 1999
286:
269:
249:
245:
243:
232:rune singers
221:
207:
198:
194:
186:
179:
172:
168:
164:
160:
148:
140:
132:
124:
108:
106:
92:
88:
74:
66:
62:
49:
48:
1540:Joukahainen
1514:VÀinÀmöinen
983:8 September
953:8 September
767: [
669: [
597:, 1908â1910
591: [
511:Korpiklaani
462:Matti Kuusi
298:VÀinÀmöinen
235: [
39: [
1873:Categories
1831:Kanteletar
1707:Kalevipoeg
1675:Ukonvasara
1104:2020-12-02
1034:Frog 2012b
1010:Frog 2012b
893:References
868:(god). in
392:, 497-504
291:, 105-119
151:) and the
71:blacksmith
54:pronounced
1571:Iku-Turso
1499:Ilmarinen
1046:Frog 2012
1022:Frog 2012
998:Frog 2012
885:, ch. 2).
535:'s comic
505:The band
500:Skyforger
250:Ilmollini
246:Ilmorinen
199:Ilmarinen
50:Ilmarinen
1691:Kalevala
1603:SyöjÀtÀr
1588:Nyyrikki
1581:Tellervo
1576:Mielikki
1523:Villains
1504:Kullervo
1478:Vammatar
1446:Tuonetar
1439:Kuippana
1419:PÀivÀtÀr
1414:Loviatar
1072:, 19-26.
831:See also
496:Amorphis
399:Kullervo
228:Kalevala
173:Ilmar(i)
133:Num-IlÉm
76:Kalevala
1655:Kantele
1639:VÀinölÀ
1634:Tuonela
1629:Pohjola
1624:Metsola
1483:Vellamo
1409:Ilmatar
1178:Sources
943:"seppo"
710:in 1931
692:tempera
567:Gallery
562:(2008).
526:duergar
507:Turisas
470:Eurasia
367:Kosinta
302:Pohjola
187:Ilmaris
157:sky god
1762:(film)
1680:Vuoksi
1648:Things
1619:Ahtola
1612:Places
1554:Others
1492:Heroes
1473:Untamo
1461:Jumala
1423:Kuutar
1258:
1060:, 209.
913:
866:jumala
822:, 1866
773:, 1893
675:, 1897
327:fire.
276:, 1893
177:Udmurt
145:Udmurt
129:Khanty
63:Ilmari
45:, 1888
1858:Uhtua
1760:Sampo
1670:Turja
1660:Sampo
1545:Louhi
1535:Hiisi
1530:Lempo
1468:Rauni
1451:Tuoni
1434:Tapio
1429:Surma
1132:, 33.
1120:, 40.
872:, 171
862:SeppÀ
844:Notes
771:]
673:]
595:]
439:Golem
321:Louhi
310:Sampo
306:Louhi
239:]
213:Balts
180:Ilmar
149:Inmar
97:Seppo
93:seppo
89:seppÀ
85:Sampo
43:]
1665:Sima
1593:Otso
1561:Aino
1456:Ukko
1421:and
1404:Ahti
1397:Gods
1256:ISBN
985:2015
955:2015
911:ISBN
550:SĂĄmi
248:and
184:SĂĄmi
182:and
169:ilma
165:r(i)
161:Ilma
137:Komi
125:ilma
119:and
117:Mari
109:ilma
65:and
1319:doi
1302:doi
664:by
520:by
336:cow
272:by
195:nen
143:),
141:Jen
135:),
91:or
34:by
1875::
1272:,
1238:,
1225:,
1097:.
971:.
945:.
818:,
769:fi
729:fi
690:,
671:fi
645:,
612:,
593:fi
586:,
472:.
252:.
241:.
237:fi
219:.
99:.
41:fi
1425:â
1370:e
1363:t
1356:v
1325:.
1321::
1308:.
1304::
1107:.
987:.
957:.
932:.
919:.
856:(
731:)
727:(
513:.
491:.
147:(
139:(
131:(
52:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
