483:, had been granted explicit permission for the operation by his Italian counterpart. Furthermore, the circumstances of Nasr's abduction tended to accredit the thesis of at least passive support of the operation by Italian intelligence services. In particular, questions were raised by the CIA agents' startling laxity in travel arrangements. By all accounts, they did little to cover their tracks. Instead of fleeing immediately, most of them remained in Italy days after the operation, in some of Milan's best hotels. Only some of them used aliases. The rest traveled with their normal passports and drivers licenses, paid for things with credit cards in their real names, chatted openly on cell phones before, during, and after the operation. After the abduction, they even carelessly bypassed speed limits in Milan. Some have speculated this represents evidence of Italian complicity, as little apparent effort was made to obfuscate the identities of the participants.
838:. If it had admitted foreknowledge of or complicity in the operation, it would have been admitting that one part of the government (its intelligence services) deliberately undermined the efforts of another (its judiciary). If it had denied any involvement, it would point to a serious lapse in Italian security, as it would mean foreign intelligence agencies would be able to pull off major operations within Italy, right under the nose of Italy's own intelligence agencies, with virtual impunity.
536:" According to Colonel Stefano D'Ambrosio, former SISMI responsible in Milan replaced by Mancini, the CIA refused to hire the latter because they considered him too "venal." But his demand "left traces in the computer" of the US intelligence. All SISMI testimonies converge in saying that Mancini owed his dazzling career to his "privileged relations with the CIA. " According to SISMI testimony, after the February 17, 2003 kidnapping of Hassan Mustafa Nasr, then CIA director
31:
924:
2935:
495:, Italy's military intelligence agency, and Gustavo Pignero, the agency's chief for the northern region of Italy. Italian wiretaps caught Mancini admitting that he had lied about his involvement in the abduction case. These arrests signaled the first official admission that Italian intelligence agents were involved in the abduction. Additionally, the former head of SISMI's Milan office, Col.
938:
1602:
1294:
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517:(Counter-Terrorism Intelligence Center), a "joint operation centers in more than two dozen countries where U.S. and foreign intelligence officers work side by side to track and capture suspected terrorists and to destroy or penetrate their networks. " Italy was not included in this international alliance of intelligence agencies, which largest base was in Paris, named
300:. Germany launched an official investigation due to false imprisonment and coercion, but the case was ultimately dropped as it could not be determined which CIA agents were involved in the abduction. SPAR (Special Priority Air Resource) is the call sign used by US senior military officers and civilian VIPs for airlift transport. A second plane then took him to
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857:". The incident also served to highlight tensions between Italy's fiercely independent judiciary and its executive administration (including the intelligence services), which would have preferred the judiciary did not press the issue with the United States. During the Italian investigations into the incident, it was discovered that not only had
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762:, got five years each. The convicts were also ordered to each pay €1 million to Nasr and €500,000 to his wife. Three Americans, including the then-Rome CIA station chief Jeffrey Castelli and two other diplomats formerly assigned to the U.S. Embassy in Rome, as well as the former head of Italian military intelligence
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in August 2003, to which
Mancini would allegedly owe the real reasons of his promotion to number two of the SISMI. In another, earlier article, the same author, Guido Olimpio, wrote that following the abduction of the imam, SISMI informed the Italian government and then the CIA, assuring them that no
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said that the judge had ignored requests for
Lieutenant Colonel Romano's case to be moved to the United States, adding that "Our view is the Italian court has no jurisdiction over Lieutenant Colonel Romano and should have immediately dismissed the charges. Now that they have not, we will, of course,
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In a secretly registered conversation
General Pignero, Mancini's superior, confirmed having met SISMI director Pollari right after a meeting with Jeff Castelli, head of the CIA in Italy. He said on this occasion that he had received by Pollari a list of names, among others that of Abu Omar, and to
452:
The abduction occurred without the knowledge of the
Italian intelligence and law enforcement officials working directly on the Nasr case, who initially suspected that Nasr had been kidnapped by the Egyptian government, possibly with the cooperation of other branches of the Italian government. When
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did not wish the case to proceed. He initially told the press that he did not believe the CIA was responsible for the abduction, and even if they were responsible, it was a justifiable action. He was widely quoted in the press as having said, "You can't tackle terrorism with a law book in your
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The start of the trial was set for June 8, 2007, although it was adjourned until
October 2007, pending an upcoming ruling by Italy's Constitutional Court regarding the possible violation of state secrecy laws by Milan prosecutors who used phone taps on Italian agents during their investigation.
502:
Thus, public prosecutors
Armando Spataro and Pomarici have described the abduction as "a concerted CIA-SISMI operation" organized by "Italian and American agents" with the aim of the "capture" and "secret transfer" of the imam to Egypt. Paolo Biondani and Italian counter-terrorist expert Guido
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It is possible that some of the names for the targets of the warrant were pseudonyms. Regarding "Eliana
Castaldo", a reporter's attempts to contact her through the number listed on the affidavit produced inconsistent responses: one refused to identify the business, another said she was with an
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The CIA agents were implicated, in part, by extensive cellphone records which allowed Milan police to reconstruct their movements for the nine days they were in the city. Because the agents had apparently not, at any time, removed the batteries from their cellphones, investigators were able to
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Freed on
February 11, 2007, Osama Mustafa Hassan Nasr has deposed a complaint against former Prime minister Silvio Berlusconi, demanding 10 million Euro of damage and interests "for his implication in the kidnapping as chief of the government and for having permitted the CIA to capture him."
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newspaper, who was hired by the SISMI in 1999, was accused as an accessory. He was given six months sentence that was converted into a fine. Carabinieri Pironi testified that he asked for Nasr' identity papers on Robert Lady's request, and assured that the operation was a concerted CIA-SISMI
817:
Sabrina De Sousa was detained at the Lisbon airport in
Portugal on October 5, 2015. She was due to be extradited to Italy, but a partial pardon from the Italian president – in February 2017 – reduced the sentence from four to three years which was then commuted to community service for which
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According to Guido
Olimpio and Paolo Biondani, Italy was not included in the CTIC because of internal jealousy between various Italian intelligence agencies. But they noted that, despite that, the arrest ordinance against Marco Mancini and his superior General Gustavo Pignero referred to the
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895:," He denied criminal responsibility because it was a "state matter." "I console myself by reminding myself that I was a soldier, that I was in a war against terrorism, that I couldn't discuss orders given to me." Lady's retirement villa has been seized by magistrates to cover court costs.
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by using the wiretaps recordings of SISMI agents. In particular, Romano Prodi's government accused the magistrates of having revealed the identity of 85 foreign and Italian spies. The Italian government has said it will wait for the ruling before issuing the extradition requests.
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Marco Mancini admitted to Milan prosecutors having followed orders of his superior General Pignero, who himself obeyed requests from Jeff Castelli, CIA head in Italy, to the director of the SISMI, General Pollari. Mancini confessed having organised a meeting in
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to the genitals, raped, and eventually had lost hearing in one ear. At the time of the calls he had been released on the orders of an Egyptian judge because of lack of evidence. Shortly after those calls were made he was re-arrested and placed back in prison.
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operation. The first one to confess the involvement of the CIA and the SISMI in the abduction of Abu Omar, Pironi thought, when he participated in the operation, that he was passing a test to enter the SISMI. He later realized he had been instrumentalized
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operation as an example of the "non orthodox activity" (the only one known of) realized by the CIA and the SISMI "since 2002," thus demonstrating some sort of cooperation between US and Italian intelligence agencies, albeit not in the frame of the CTIC.
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The Italian government originally denied having played any role in the abduction. However, Italian prosecutors Armando Spataro and Ferdinand Enrico Pomarici indicted 26 CIA agents, including the Rome station chief and head of CIA in Italy until 2003,
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In October 2006, prosecutor Spataro transmitted to the European Temporary Committee a copy of a SISMI document, from which it comes out that SISMI was informed by the CIA on May 15, 2003, that Abu Omar was interrogated in Cairo by Egyptian services.
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In the meantime, Milan prosecutor Armando Spataro found out the existence of an office, in the centre of Rome, linked to SISMI, in charge of 'secret operations.' It was directed by a close collaborator of head of SISMI Pollari. According to the
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Interrogated by the Milan prosecutor in July 2006, General Pollari involved the Italian government and invoked a classified document. Romano Prodi's government has confirmed its classified status. During his hearing in August 2006 before the
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In addition to the 22 European arrest warrants issued in December 2005 and the arrest of the above-mentioned SISMI officers, an Italian judge issued additional arrest warrants for four Americans, three CIA agents and for Lieutenant Colonel
682:, the Italian government's responsible for secret services, declared to the European committee that the Berlusconi administration had classified files related to the Abu Omar case, and that the Prodi administration confirmed such secrecy.
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with all the heads of the SISMI centers. He illustrated on this occasion the plan for the abduction. The arrest warrants issued on June 15, 2006, against Jeff Castelli, other US agents, Mancini and Pignero were done on these grounds.
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has been sentenced to nine years in jail, the former CIA station chief Jeffrey Castelli in absentia to seven years in jail, along with two other CIA employees. Pollari has announced he will appeal against this ruling at the
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and station chiefs Raffaele Ditroia, Luciano Di Gregori and Giuseppe Ciorra. Referring to the Italian military intelligence agency, the Italian press has talked of a "CIA-SISMI concerted operation." The prosecutors sent
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This hypothesis was confirmed by Italian investigations. On July 5, 2006, two high-ranking Italian intelligence officers were arrested by Italian police for their complicity in Abu Omar's kidnapping. These included
363:. Lady has said that he opposed the abduction plans, but was overruled. Lady has since retired from the CIA, which puts him in a precarious legal position, as the status of his diplomatic immunity is now in doubt.
256:
Most observers have come to believe that Nasr was abducted by the United States as a source of intelligence on foreign combatants being recruited to fight in Iraq, which, at the time, the United States had yet to
2324:
710:, has criticized on February 15, 2007, his governmental colleagues, claiming that the refuse to transmit the extradition requests to the US abounded to "cover an illegal operation, the kidnapping of a person."
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On February 13, 2013, the Milano Court of Appeals sentenced former SISMI director Nicolò Pollari to ten years in jail and awarded €1.5 million in damages to Abu Omar and his wife. Pollari's deputy director
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the CIA operatives. As of February 2007, the Italian government has issued no extradition requests, although the Italian judiciary has been calling for the government to do so since 2005. Justice Minister
85:
organizations. Hassan Nasr was released by an Egyptian court in February 2007, which ruled that his detention was "unfounded". He has been indicted for international terrorism offenses in Italy since 2005.
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Nasr was not released again until February 11, 2007, at which time he was permitted to return to his family. After four years of detention, an Egyptian court ruled that his imprisonment was "unfounded."
157:. On February 24, 2014, the Corte Suprema di Cassazione, following a sentence of the Italian Corte Costituzionale regarding the use of secret evidence in the proceedings, acquitted Pollari and Mancini.
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359:, former CIA chief of base in Milan, who was then operating out of the U.S. embassy under diplomatic cover as the "Consul of the United States in Milan." The operation was carried out by the CIA's
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Furthermore, apart from the July 2006 arrest of Marco Mancini, number two of the SISMI, and of Gustavo Pignero, the agency's chief for the northern region of Italy, the head of SISMI General
660:
706:, has still given no news of the extradition request given to him by Armando Spataro, the Milanese public prosecutor. Current Minister of Infrastructures and former prosecutor of Milan,
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The main target of this office consisted in distorting the national press information, through journalists ad hoc hired by SISMI, by editing false reports with the aim to keep high the
1698:"Italian Probe Broadens Beyond Abduction: Prosecutors in the case of a Muslim cleric seek evidence of illegal spying by intelligence officers. Some journalists also may be involved."
545:
agent who had taken part in this covert operation would be prosecuted. In turn, CIA director George Tenet would have sent a letter to Forte Braschi, the SISMI headquarters in Rome.
77:, from which he was transferred to Egypt, where he was imprisoned for four years without charges, secluded, interrogated and "brutally tortured by America's long-standing ally, the
233:, that Iraq maintained close links with Al-Qaeda, in particular through Ansar al-Islam. The Italian newspaper concluded that the Abu Omar case was a "chapter in the combination of
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Furthermore, Italian officials initially denied the Italian government had authorized or sanctioned a US operation to kidnap Nasr. Italian Minister for Parliamentary Affairs
861:(or a division of it) collaborated with the CIA in the abduction, it had also been illegally surveiling Italian citizens, particularly Italian magistrates unfriendly to the
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In November 2005, Italian prosecutors requested that Italy's Justice Ministry seek the extradition of the suspects from the United States. The Italian government declined.
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agency: "This is a trial we absolutely should not have, and its result will be that our intelligence services will no longer have the cooperation of foreign intelligence".
801:, upheld the guilty verdicts that had been handed down by lower courts. The Italian government has not stated whether it would seek extradition of the convicted Americans.
59:
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153:, former Rome CIA station chief Castelli and two other CIA employees to up to 10 years in jail. Pollari has announced he will appeal against this ruling at the
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1668:"Shades of Cover: The CIA leak case has called attention to the mosaic of lies and props the intelligence community diligently uses to protect its operatives"
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586:
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51:
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777:, and, as long as the verdicts remain in place, the 23 convicted Americans cannot travel to Europe without risking arrest. U.S. State Department spokesman
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188:. Italian authorities have claimed that they believed that they had evidence Nasr was building a network to recruit terrorists, and possibly had links to
2368:
628:"Temporary Committee on the Alleged Use of European Countries by the CIA for the Transport and the Illegal Detention of Prisoners", headed by rapporteur
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engaged by Washington and London to justify the invasion of Iraq." There are also reports that Nasr was involved in plotting a terrorist attack on the
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According to court documents, Nasr was pushed into a minivan on Via Giuseppe Guerzoni in Milan and driven four or five hours to a joint Italian-U.S.
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738:(USAF) colonel and two Italian secret agents of the kidnap, delivering the first legal convictions in the world against people involved in the CIA's
2119:
499:, claims that he was removed from his position by his superiors because of his objections to the abduction plot; he was later replaced by Mancini.
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2363:
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1977:
1910:, "Temporary Committee on the Alleged Use of European Countries by the CIA for the Transport and the Illegal Detention of Prisoners", Rapporteur
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81:." The CIA operation interrupted a surveillance program that was being carried out by Italian authorities into Nasr's alleged participation in
869:
used interviews with the lead prosecutor in the abduction case, Armando Spataro, as a pretext to glean confidential information to pass on to
655:
have been ordered to observe the Egyptian cleric in view of his abduction. Pignero then ordered Mancini to proceed with all these activities.
472:: "Our secret services were not aware of the operation ... It was never brought to the attention of the government or national institutions."
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However, former CIA officials contradicted this by claiming the agency had secured the consent of Italian intelligence, and that the CIA's
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and disrupted an ongoing police investigation. He also issued a warrant for the arrest of Nasr, on charges of associating with terrorists.
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Foreign Network at Front of CIA's Terror Fight – Joint Facilities in Two Dozen Countries Account for Bulk of Agency's Post-9/11 Successes
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extradition is not possible. The original sentence was already reduced from seven to four years through a general amnesty law in 2006.
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at the time, now working at Section 31b of the Pentagon. Ultimately, twenty-six Americans and nine Italians (including head of SISMI
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142:, sentenced to five years in prison, said that the United States "broke the law ... and we are paying for the mistakes right now".
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the Italians questioned their American counterparts about Nasr's disappearance, they were told he had traveled voluntarily to the
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denied knowledge of any kidnap operation, and criticized the trial claiming that it could hurt Italy's international reputation.
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ordered a sweeping review of the agency's field operations because of what he perceived as the Milan rendition's "sloppiness".
34:
Image from the CIA's surveillance of Hassan Mustafa Osama Nasr recovered during investigations by the prosecuting authority of
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122:, the director of the CIA at the time, ordered the agency's independent inspector general to begin a review of the operation.
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pinpoint their locations from moment to moment. The agents also made numerous phone calls to the US consulate in Milan, to
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during the kidnapping, was given a suspended sentence of one year, nine months and a day. Renato Farina, vice-director of
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who had fled Egypt due to that group's prosecution as a terrorist organization by the Egyptian government. He was granted
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in Rome, and was suspected of being involved in a plot to bomb a number of children of foreign diplomats attending the
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2009:
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officer Giuliano Pironi) were indicted. The trial would be the first criminal trial related to the U.S. practice of
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644:. Among the duties also the one of chasing and tapping the communications of the two journalists of the newspaper "
50:, also known as Abu Omar. The case was picked by the international media as one of the better-documented cases of
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Furthermore, according to testimonies by SISMI agents to the Italian justice, Mancini proposed himself to the
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As early as Spring 2002, he was under investigation by Italian and American intelligence agencies by means of
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In July 2013, Lady was arrested in Panama on an international arrest warrant. The next day, he was released.
130:(NCS), stopped the inspector general's review, stating that the NCS would investigate itself. In June 2009,
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966:
865:, often with the help of Italian journalists. Italian prosecutors believed reporters from right-wing paper
755:
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Abu Omar was abducted on February 17, 2003, in Milan by agents of the SISMI and CIA, and transported to the
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had to resign in November 2006 because of the affair and was indicted in December by the Milanese judges.
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227:
115:, for onward transmission to Washington. However, Castelli refused to forward the demand for extradition.
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received eight years in prison. The rest of the Americans, including former Milan U.S. consular official
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judge Guido Salvini issued warrants for the arrest of 22 persons said to be agents or operatives of the
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prison, twenty miles south of Cairo. He was subjected to various depredations, tortured by beating and
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was abducted by persons affiliated with the CIA as he walked to his mosque in Milan for noon prayers.
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509:
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388:, head of the CIA in Italy until 2003. Salvini said the abduction was illegal because it violated
311:, Nasr placed several phone calls from Egypt to his family and friends. He told them he had been
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444:) told prosecutors that he had decided not to pass the extradition request to the United States.
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131:
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Watching America – Italy Says CIA Agents Guilty of Abduction, Issues Europe-Wide Arrest Warrants
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requests for the indicted American citizens to the Italian Ministry of Justice, then headed by
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426:. Each of the persons answering denied there was an Eliana Castaldo reachable at that number.
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2004:
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explore what options we have going forward." The CIA declined to comment. Prime Minister
717:
The Italian executive has opposed the judges in Milan, by deposing a recourse before the
352:(where the CIA headquarters are located) and to friends and family in the United States.
118:
The affair also created controversy within the CIA when the story came to light in 2005.
1314:
Crewdson, J. and T. Hundley. (2005). "Abducted imam aided CIA ally in war on terror".
2476:
2413:
2403:
2190:"Rapimento di Abu Omar: concessa la grazia parziale all'ex agente Cia Sabrina De Sousa"
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On November 4, 2009, an Italian judge convicted 22 suspected or known CIA agents, a
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answering service, while a third said the number was that of a firm by the name of
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On February 12, 2013, the Court of Appeal in Milan sentenced former SISMI director
17:
1870:
Farina confessa: con i servizi dal '99 "In via Nazionale la vera base di Pollari"
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Italy's ex-intelligence chief given 10-year sentence for role in CIA kidnapping
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893:
I'm only responsible for carrying out orders that I received from my superiors
230:
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Hasaan Mustafa Osama Nasr was a radical Egyptian cleric and alleged member of
136:
I'm only responsible for carrying out orders that I received from my superiors
27:
Abduction and transfer to Egypt of the Imam of Milan Hassan Mustafa Osama Nasr
1934:
Gli investigatori del caso Abu Omar: così ci ha aiutato a incastrare il Sismi
1400:
1367:
1337:
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289:
1222:
L'imam rapito a Milano dalla Cia – I silenzi e la complicità con Washington
979:, discovered by Italian justice during investigations concerning "Abu Omar"
2172:"Ex-CIA officer pardoned for role in 2003 kidnapping of terrorism suspect"
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agents. On July 6, 2006, Libero's offices were raided by Italian police.
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2507:
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1982:
1962:, "Italie: les vols secrets de la CIA face aux juges," February 17, 2007
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82:
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The Abu Omar case poses the problem of Italy's involvement in the US "
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Italian court finds CIA agents guilty of kidnapping terrorism suspect
650:" in charge of the Abu Omar case: Carlo Bonini and Giuseppe D'Avanzo.
2204:"BBC News - Ex-CIA Milan chief held in Panama over cleric abduction"
1244:
Liptak, A. (2005). "Experts Say Trial Unlikely for CIA Operatives".
1199:
Who is Abu Omar? Extracts from the Italian Police Surveillance Tapes
754:, at the time of conviction commander of the 37th Training Group at
1084:"Rapimento Abu Omar, a giudizio l'ex capo del Sismi Nicolò Pollari"
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and four other Italian secret service agents were acquitted due to
870:
858:
759:
600:. Giuliano Pironi, who admitted stopping Nasr and controlling his
492:
468:'s second and third government, said in no uncertain terms to the
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35:
29:
2229:"Panama frees ex-CIA official detained in Italy 'rendition' case"
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People subject to extraordinary rendition by the United States
1459:"Parla l'avvocato di Abu Omar "L'imam sarĂ liberato a giorni""
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1064:"Corriere della Sera - "Arrestate l'ex imam rapito dalla Cia""
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against 22 CIA agents suspected of this kidnapping (including
381:
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In April 2004, while his incarceration had been downgraded to
46:
was the abduction and transfer to Egypt of the Imam of Milan
339:
said Nasr was underfed but there were "no signs of torture."
253:, although sources disagree whether such plots even existed.
134:, Milan CIA chief of base at the time, said "I'm not guilty.
2905:
Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World
2087:"FACTBOX: Italy convicts 23 Americans in CIA rendition case"
2266:
The Kidnapping of Abu Omar aka Hassan Mustafa Osama Nasr –
1437:
US military planes criss-cross Europe using bogus call sign
1154:
Cole, Matthew; Patel, Avni; Ross, Brian (October 4, 2009).
661:
Italian Parliamentary Committee on Secret services control
581:, as well as General Gustavo Pignero; and also the junior
503:
Olimpio cited the November 18, 2005, article published by
1978:
La justice italienne prépare le procès des vols de la CIA
721:
against Armando Spataro, charging him of having violated
1479:
ABU OMAR: "IN EGITTO FUI STUPRATO, BERLUSCONI LO SAPPIA"
2139:"Italy upholds verdict on CIA agents in rendition case"
54:
carried out in a joint operation by the United States'
1914:, DT/65174EN.doc February 7, 2007, made accessible by
1389:"CIA-Agenten bleiben unbehelligt: Wenig zu befĂĽrchten"
1354:
Obermaier, Frederik; KrĂĽger, Paul-Anton (2017-09-20).
1156:"EXCLUSIVE: Convicted CIA Spy Says "We Broke the Law""
663:(Copaco), Pollari defended himself again invoking the
1796:"Italian Spies Arrested, Americans Sought for Kidnap"
885:, Milan CIA chief of base at the time, was quoted by
685:
Any trial of American citizens is expected to happen
1825:
Rapt d'un imam Ă Milan: la CIA va devoir s'expliquer
1137:"U.S. spy says just followed orders in Italy kidnap"
304:, where he was imprisoned and, he claims, tortured.
2771:
2723:
2648:
2596:
2589:
2500:
2439:
2432:
2356:
2349:
2032:. NBC News/The Associated Press. November 5, 2009.
1692:
1690:
1688:
1107:Mazzetti, Mark; Shane, Scott (February 20, 2008).
60:Italian Military Intelligence and Security Service
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1264:"In Italy, Anger at U.S. Tactics Colors Spy Case"
1728:Paolo Biondani and Guido Olimpio. July 11, 2006
1624:"Italy warrants for 22 purported CIA operatives"
1181:"Italian ex-spy chief gets 10 years in CIA case"
1051:"I pm di Milano: arrestate gli agenti della Cia"
402:On December 20, 2005, an Italian court issued a
196:and ties to a network sending combatants in the
2101:Italy convicts Air Force O-6 in CIA kidnap case
2080:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2030:"Italian judge convicts 23 in CIA kidnap case"
1570:
1568:
1566:
1548:
1546:
797:In September 2012, Italy's highest court, the
2289:
1873:
1511:Italy indicts 31 linked to CIA rendition case
1482:
1356:"Millionen Schuss Munition fĂĽr Kalaschnikows"
1225:
1131:
1129:
1087:
1026:"Foto della Cia svela il sequestro dell'imam"
645:
577:, number two of the same intelligence agency
343:Investigation and warrants for CIA operatives
211:
8:
1847:"CIA trial in Italy adjourned to October 24"
1258:
1256:
1254:
952:Extraordinary rendition by the United States
841:Either way, most observers thought it clear
781:expressed disappointment over the verdicts.
218:noted in June 2005 that in 2002, before the
2864:North Korea and weapons of mass destruction
1774:E il Sismi tese la mano ai nemici della Cia
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
448:One of the "concerted CIA-SISMI operations"
2593:
2436:
2353:
2296:
2282:
2274:
1576:"Court Widens Net for 22 CIA Agents to EU"
1333:Auditions sur le rapt d'un imam par la CIA
1109:"Tape Inquiry: Ex-Spymaster in the Middle"
1102:
1100:
1098:
161:Investigation of Hassan Mustafa Osama Nasr
2024:
2022:
2020:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1021:
1019:
200:. However, citing a book on Al-Qaeda by
2661:Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present)
2192:. Corriere della sera. 28 February 2017.
2153:Italy court upholds American convictions
1953:
1951:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1290:Wilkinson, T. and G. Miller. (2005).
1028:, Corriere della Sera, 12 novembre 2005.
689:. The United States is not expected to
192:. They alleged in particular links with
2369:Operation Enduring Freedom participants
2151:Barry, Colleen, and Frances D'Emilio, "
1820:
1818:
1816:
1421:"CIA methods exposed by kidnap inquiry"
1292:"Italy Says It Didn't Know of CIA Plan"
1015:
2990:Central Intelligence Agency operations
1872:, Carlo Bonini and Giuseppe D'Avanzo,
1328:
1326:
173:in Italy in 2001, and held an Italian
2898:Targeted Killing in International Law
2779:Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1525:"Abducted imam seeks return to Italy"
1262:Grey, S. and D. Van Natta. (2005).
742:program. Former Milan CIA base chief
62:(SISMI) in the context of the global
7:
2944:
2099:Barry, Colleen (Associated Press), "
1921:, URL accessed on February 18, 2007
1053:, Corriere della Sera, 24 June 2005.
834:, was a major embarrassment for the
830:of the incident, coming just before
702:, Prime minister of Italy since the
2044:"CIA agents guilty of Italy kidnap"
1554:"Italy orders CIA kidnapping trial"
596:Two other Italian suspects reached
2120:Kidnapping unravels a spy's career
2085:Flynn, Daniel (November 4, 2009).
1798:. Commondreams.org. Archived from
891:newspaper saying "I'm not guilty.
698:, member of the new government of
25:
2829:Enhanced interrogation techniques
2625:Georgia Sustainment and Stability
2513:al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula
1845:The Middle East Times. (2007).
3010:Prisoners and detainees of Egypt
3005:Egyptian prisoners and detainees
2943:
2934:
2933:
2804:Combatant Status Review Tribunal
2753:President's Surveillance Program
2748:Military Commissions Act of 2009
2743:Military Commissions Act of 2006
2696:Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
2671:Moro conflict in the Philippines
2666:Insurgency in the North Caucasus
1734:, "Un centro segreto Cia-Sismi"
1041:, The Guardian, 13 February 2013
936:
922:
908:
846:hand.". He then declared to the
773:All but two Italians were tried
284:. From there, he was flown by a
265:Abduction and rendition to Egypt
98:, as well as SISMI head General
2620:Georgia Train and Equip Program
540:sent a letter to SISMI General
2809:Criticism of the war on terror
2763:Terrorist Surveillance Program
2568:Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
2321:War in Afghanistan (2001-2021)
1387:Rath, Christian (2009-11-06).
750:, and USAF Lieutenant Colonel
429:In April 2006, just after the
1:
3025:Egypt–United States relations
3020:Italy–United States relations
3015:Egyptian expatriates in Italy
2844:Guantanamo Bay detention camp
2487:Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq
2010:Alleged agents of CIA charged
1600:"The CIA's bungled Italy Job"
68:George W. Bush administration
2819:Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri
2711:al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen
1507:International Herald Tribune
128:National Clandestine Service
2887:State Sponsors of Terrorism
2758:Protect America Act of 2007
1860:. Retrieved June 24, 2007.
1852:September 26, 2007, at the
1461:. Repubblica.it. 2006-10-17
877:CIA chief of base admission
812:Corte Suprema di Cassazione
361:Special Activities Division
155:Corte Suprema di Cassazione
56:Central Intelligence Agency
3041:
2824:Killing of Osama bin Laden
2701:War in Somalia (2006–2009)
2656:Operation Active Endeavour
962:Italian political scandals
513:, where she described the
315:into the hands of Egypt's
94:, and Milan chief of base
2929:
2691:Terrorism in Saudi Arabia
2640:Drone strikes in Pakistan
2533:Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami
2311:
2141:. BBC. 19 September 2012.
1641:"Milan tribunal document"
863:Berlusconi administration
836:Berlusconi administration
355:The operation was led by
271:Hassan Mustafa Osama Nasr
226:was claiming, along with
48:Hassan Mustafa Osama Nasr
2911:Unitary executive theory
2046:. BBC. November 4, 2009.
1696:Wilkinson, T. (2006).
1574:Wilkinson, T. (2005).
832:Italy's general election
740:extraordinary renditions
431:Italian general election
251:American School of Milan
204:, a British reporter at
2839:Extraordinary rendition
2834:Extrajudicial prisoners
1197:World Politics Review.
967:CIA activities in Italy
756:Lackland Air Force Base
587:extraordinary rendition
404:European arrest warrant
335:In 2006, Nasr's lawyer
186:electronic surveillance
52:extraordinary rendition
2874:Operation Eagle Assist
2794:Clash of Civilizations
2341:Symbolism of terrorism
1874:
1598:Crewdson, J. (2005).
1483:
1226:
1088:
1000:Mohammed Haydar Zammar
652:
646:
269:On February 17, 2003,
228:British prime minister
212:
167:al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya
149:, his deputy director
39:
2869:Operation Noble Eagle
2706:2007 Lebanon conflict
2008:, February 17, 2007,
1912:Giovanni Claudio Fava
1858:The Middle East Times
1758:, November 18, 2005.
1509:, February 16, 2007,
977:SISMI-Telecom scandal
957:Human rights in Egypt
704:2006 general election
634:
630:Giovanni Claudio Fava
239:psychological warfare
124:Jose A. Rodriguez Jr.
33:
2686:Operation Linda Nchi
2630:OEF – Horn of Africa
2543:Islamic Courts Union
2492:Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
2316:September 11 attacks
1986:, February 17, 2007
1833:, February 16, 2007
1630:, December 23, 2005.
1613:, December 25, 2005.
1589:, December 24, 2005.
1560:, February 16, 2007.
1445:, February 19, 2006
1341:, February 24, 2006
1187:. February 12, 2013.
930:United States portal
719:Constitutional Court
424:Washburn and Company
2178:. 28 February 2017.
2161:, 20 September 2012
2125:The Washington Post
2109:, November 4, 2009.
1939:Corriere della Sera
1908:European Parliament
1782:, October 31, 2005
1779:Corriere della Sera
1755:The Washington Post
1731:Corriere della Sera
1419:Hooper, J. (2005).
1360:SĂĽddeutsche Zeitung
1092:, 16 febbraio 2007.
768:diplomatic immunity
626:European Parliament
510:The Washington Post
481:Jeffrey W. Castelli
390:Italian sovereignty
386:Jeffrey W. Castelli
224:Bush administration
126:, then head of the
92:Jeffrey W. Castelli
2916:Unlawful combatant
2849:Iranian Revolution
2635:OEF – Trans Sahara
2610:War in Afghanistan
2467:Jalaluddin Haqqani
2462:Sirajuddin Haqqani
2388:Iraqi Armed Forces
2268:A Document Archive
2066:, November 4, 2009
1703:2012-09-14 at the
1605:2007-09-30 at the
1581:2013-03-25 at the
1530:2007-04-06 at the
1297:2013-04-05 at the
1268:The New York Times
1246:The New York Times
1204:2008-06-13 at the
1113:The New York Times
972:Montasser el-Zayat
883:Robert Seldon Lady
799:Court of Cassation
744:Robert Seldon Lady
565:III, commander of
497:Stefano D'Ambrosio
470:Italian parliament
408:Robert Seldon Lady
366:In December 2005,
357:Robert Seldon Lady
337:Montasser el-Zayat
278:air base at Aviano
132:Robert Seldon Lady
96:Robert Seldon Lady
40:
18:Imam rapito affair
3000:Egyptian refugees
2957:
2956:
2854:Islamic terrorism
2719:
2718:
2615:OEF – Philippines
2585:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2538:Hizbul Mujahideen
2379:Northern Alliance
1708:Los Angeles Times
1587:Los Angeles Times
1303:Los Angeles Times
1037:Glenn Greenwald:
843:Silvio Berlusconi
822:Political context
792:Silvio Berlusconi
708:Antonio di Pietro
696:Clemente Mastella
466:Silvio Berlusconi
394:international law
350:northern Virginia
294:Ramstein Air Base
184:and physical and
16:(Redirected from
3032:
2947:
2946:
2937:
2936:
2892:Targeted killing
2681:Iraqi insurgency
2601:Enduring Freedom
2594:
2553:Jemaah Islamiyah
2548:Jaish-e-Mohammed
2437:
2354:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2275:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2168:
2162:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2135:
2129:
2116:
2110:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2082:
2067:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2026:
2015:
2014:
2005:The Boston Globe
2000:Associated Press
1996:
1990:
1989:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1955:
1946:
1945:
1942:, July 23, 2006
1931:
1925:
1924:
1905:
1884:
1883:
1880:, July 11, 2006
1879:
1867:
1861:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1822:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1807:
1792:
1786:
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1765:
1764:
1747:
1741:
1740:
1726:
1711:
1694:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1679:
1670:. Archived from
1663:
1657:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1637:
1631:
1620:
1614:
1596:
1590:
1572:
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1493:
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1467:
1466:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1442:The Sunday Times
1434:
1428:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1393:Die Tageszeitung
1384:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1330:
1321:
1312:
1306:
1288:
1271:
1270:, June 26, 2005.
1260:
1249:
1248:, June 27, 2005.
1242:
1236:
1235:
1232:, June 28, 2005
1231:
1219:
1208:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1143:. June 30, 2009.
1133:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1104:
1093:
1091:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1005:Mordechai Vanunu
946:
941:
940:
939:
932:
927:
926:
925:
918:
913:
912:
911:
787:Geoff S. Morrell
785:Press Secretary
752:Joseph L. Romano
748:Sabrina De Sousa
681:
649:
640:" vis-Ă -vis the
638:"terrorism alert
563:Joseph L. Romano
462:Carlo Giovanardi
438:Roberto Castelli
435:Justice Minister
416:Joseph L. Romano
220:invasion of Iraq
217:
171:political asylum
113:Roberto Castelli
66:declared by the
64:war on terrorism
21:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3029:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2925:
2814:CIA black sites
2767:
2715:
2644:
2599:
2577:
2558:Lashkar-e-Taiba
2496:
2457:Anwar al-Awlaki
2452:Hamza bin Laden
2447:Osama bin Laden
2428:
2345:
2307:
2302:
2251:
2246:
2237:
2235:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2213:
2211:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2150:
2146:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2118:Shapira, Ian, "
2117:
2113:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2083:
2070:
2055:
2051:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2028:
2027:
2018:
2012:
2002:, published by
1998:Colleen Barry,
1997:
1993:
1987:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1956:
1949:
1943:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1906:
1887:
1881:
1868:
1864:
1854:Wayback Machine
1844:
1840:
1834:
1823:
1814:
1805:
1803:
1794:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1772:
1768:
1762:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1727:
1714:
1710:, July 7, 2006.
1705:Wayback Machine
1695:
1686:
1677:
1675:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1652:, published by
1649:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1621:
1617:
1611:Chicago Tribune
1607:Wayback Machine
1597:
1593:
1583:Wayback Machine
1573:
1564:
1551:
1544:
1540:, April 7, 2006
1532:Wayback Machine
1523:
1519:
1513:
1505:
1496:
1490:
1477:
1473:
1464:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1452:
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1435:
1431:
1427:, July 2, 2005.
1425:The Guardian UK
1418:
1414:
1405:
1403:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1372:
1370:
1353:
1352:
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1331:
1324:
1320:, July 2, 2005.
1317:Chicago Tribune
1313:
1309:
1305:, July 1, 2005.
1299:Wayback Machine
1289:
1274:
1261:
1252:
1243:
1239:
1233:
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1206:Wayback Machine
1196:
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1179:
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1153:
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1127:
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1096:
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1062:
1061:
1057:
1049:
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1036:
1032:
1024:
1017:
1013:
995:Khalid El-Masri
942:
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935:
928:
923:
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914:
909:
907:
904:
879:
824:
732:
675:
571:Aviano Air Base
567:security forces
558:
450:
412:Eliana Castaldo
345:
325:electric shocks
280:, where he was
267:
243:information war
198:Iraqi Kurdistan
175:asylum passport
163:
140:Sabrina DeSousa
138:." CIA officer
75:Aviano Air Base
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3038:
3036:
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3017:
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2889:
2884:
2880:Situation Room
2876:
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2866:
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2856:
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2716:
2714:
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2708:
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2698:
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2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2650:
2646:
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2637:
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2627:
2622:
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2515:
2510:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2477:Khalil Haqqani
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2443:
2441:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
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2414:European Union
2411:
2406:
2404:United Kingdom
2401:
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2257:
2255:statewatch.org
2250:
2249:External links
2247:
2245:
2244:
2220:
2195:
2181:
2163:
2144:
2130:
2128:, 12 July 2012
2111:
2106:Military Times
2092:
2068:
2049:
2035:
2016:
1991:
1970:
1964:available here
1947:
1926:
1885:
1862:
1838:
1812:
1787:
1766:
1742:
1736:available here
1712:
1684:
1658:
1656:, 22 June 2005
1650:(1.44 MB)
1632:
1622:CNN. (2005).
1615:
1591:
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1552:BBC. (2007).
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997:
992:
984:Similar cases:
981:
980:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
948:
947:
933:
919:
903:
900:
881:In June 2009,
878:
875:
823:
820:
764:Nicolo Pollari
736:U.S. Air Force
731:
728:
673:Enrico Micheli
642:public opinion
575:Nicolò Pollari
557:
554:
550:Nicolò Pollari
542:Nicolò Pollari
491:, number 2 of
449:
446:
418:, III, etc.).
376:In June 2005,
344:
341:
266:
263:
194:Ansar al-Islam
162:
159:
147:Nicolò Pollari
120:Porter J. Goss
100:Nicolò Pollari
79:Mubarak regime
58:(CIA) and the
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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44:Abu Omar Case
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2784:Axis of evil
2600:
2472:Anas Haqqani
2350:Participants
2267:
2236:. Retrieved
2223:
2212:. Retrieved
2210:. 2013-07-19
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2176:The Guardian
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2063:The Guardian
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2056:John Hooper
2052:
2038:
2013:(in English)
2003:
1994:
1981:
1973:
1957:
1944:(in Italian)
1937:
1929:
1923:(in English)
1882:(in Italian)
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1857:
1841:
1828:
1804:. Retrieved
1800:the original
1790:
1784:(in Italian)
1777:
1769:
1763:(in English)
1753:
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1739:(in Italian)
1729:
1707:
1676:. Retrieved
1672:the original
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1610:
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1557:
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1514:(in English)
1491:(in Italian)
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1463:. Retrieved
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1447:(in English)
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1404:. Retrieved
1392:
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1371:. Retrieved
1359:
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1234:(in Italian)
1193:
1184:
1175:
1163:. Retrieved
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1149:
1140:
1116:. Retrieved
1112:
1079:
1068:. Retrieved
1058:
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1033:
983:
982:
944:Egypt portal
916:Italy portal
897:
886:
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723:state secret
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700:Romano Prodi
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538:George Tenet
534:double agent
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464:, member of
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451:
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420:
401:
398:
384:, including
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368:CIA Director
365:
354:
346:
334:
330:
309:house arrest
306:
292:SPAR 92) to
275:
268:
255:
247:U.S. embassy
235:intelligence
207:The Observer
205:
179:
164:
144:
117:
88:
72:
43:
41:
2731:Patriot Act
2482:Hafiz Saeed
2440:Individuals
2419:Philippines
2374:Afghanistan
2357:Operational
2158:Yahoo! News
1988:(in French)
1967:(in French)
1835:(in French)
1750:Dana Priest
1343:(in French)
888:Il Giornale
775:in absentia
730:Convictions
687:in absentia
676: [
505:Dana Priest
433:, outgoing
414:, Lt. Col.
371:Porter Goss
288:(using the
202:Jason Burke
109:extradition
2964:Categories
2882:photograph
2528:Boko Haram
2523:Al-Shabaab
2518:Abu Sayyaf
2335:Withdrawal
2325:Withdrawal
2238:2013-09-10
2214:2013-09-10
2089:. Reuters.
1959:Libération
1916:Statewatch
1830:Libération
1806:2013-09-10
1678:2016-10-04
1654:Statewatch
1465:2013-09-10
1406:2018-01-02
1373:2018-01-02
1165:October 4,
1070:2013-09-10
1011:References
990:Maher Arar
231:Tony Blair
2598:Operation
2590:Conflicts
2208:bbc.co.uk
1401:0931-9085
1368:0174-4917
1338:Le Figaro
779:Ian Kelly
691:extradite
556:The trial
479:in Rome,
442:Lega Nord
290:call sign
2939:Category
2859:Islamism
2799:Cold War
2724:Policies
2676:Iraq War
2508:al-Qaeda
2501:Factions
2424:Ethiopia
2399:Pakistan
2331:Iraq War
2262:27/06/05
2233:NBC News
1983:Le Monde
1850:Archived
1701:Archived
1603:Archived
1579:Archived
1528:Archived
1295:Archived
1202:Archived
1160:ABC News
902:See also
783:Pentagon
602:identity
313:rendered
282:tortured
190:Al Qaeda
182:wiretaps
83:Islamist
2949:Commons
2772:Related
2563:Taliban
2433:Targets
1628:CNN.com
1558:BBC.com
1185:Reuters
1141:Reuters
617:Bologna
569:at the
455:Balkans
378:Italian
298:Germany
286:Learjet
2739:(2002)
2733:(2001)
1648:
1399:
1366:
1118:May 5,
867:Libero
828:exposé
607:Libero
532:as a "
259:invade
222:, the
2649:Other
1918:here
1644:(PDF)
871:SISMI
859:SISMI
760:Texas
680:]
493:SISMI
302:Cairo
36:Milan
2921:CAGE
2394:NATO
2384:Iraq
2364:ISAF
1537:ANSA
1397:ISSN
1364:ISSN
1167:2009
1120:2010
848:ANSA
826:The
515:CTIC
392:and
321:Tura
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