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Ehlert, Steven R.; Ferrazzoli, Riccardo; Marinucci, Andrea; Marshall, Herman L.; Middei, Riccardo; Pacciani, Luigi; Perri, Matteo; Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier; Puccetti, Simonetta; Barnouin, Thibault; Bianchi, Stefano; Liodakis, Ioannis; Madejski, Grzegorz; Marin, Frédéric; Marscher, Alan P. (1 August
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Taverna, Roberto; Turolla, Roberto; Muleri, Fabio; Heyl, Jeremy; Zane, Silvia; Baldini, Luca; Caniulef, Denis González; Bachetti, Matteo; Rankin, John; Caiazzo, Ilaria; Di Lalla, Niccolò; Doroshenko, Victor; Errando, Manel; Gau, Ephraim; Kırmızıbayrak, Demet (18 May 2022). "Polarized x-rays from a
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once in space, as the spacecraft crossed the equator. For Falcon 9, this meant that even the tiny 330 kg (730 lb) IXPE likely still represented about 20–30% of its maximum theoretical performance (1,500–2,000 kg (3,300–4,400 lb)) for such a mission profile, while the same
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and sources, in support of NASA's first science objective in astrophysics: "Discover how the universe works". By obtaining X-ray polarimetry and polarimetric imaging of cosmic sources, IXPE addresses two specific science objectives: to determine the radiation processes and detailed properties of
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radiation from these objects' surrounding environment can be polarized – oscillating in a particular direction. Studying the polarization of X-rays reveals the physics of these objects and can provide insights into the high-temperature environments where they are created.
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IXPE's payload is a set of three identical imaging X-ray polarimetry systems mounted on a common optical bench and co-aligned with the pointing axis of the spacecraft. Each system operates independently for redundancy and comprises a mirror module assembly that focuses X-rays onto a
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Negro, Michela; Di Lalla, Niccolò; Omodei, Nicola; Veres, Péter; Silvestri, Stefano; Manfreda, Alberto; Burns, Eric; Baldini, Luca; Costa, Enrico; Ehlert, Steven R.; Kennea, Jamie A.; Liodakis, Ioannis; Marshall, Herman L.; Mereghetti, Sandro; Middei, Riccardo (1 March 2023).
1261:
Weisskopf, Martin C.; Ramsey, Brian; o'Dell, Stephen L.; Tennant, Allyn; Elsner, Ronald; Soffitta, Paolo; Bellazzini, Ronaldo; Costa, Enrico; Kolodziejczak, Jeffery; Kaspi, Victoria; Muleri, Fabio; Marshall, Herman; Matt, Giorgio; Romani, Roger (31 October 2016).
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Bellazzini, R.; Spandre, G.; Minuti, M.; Baldini, L.; Brez, A.; Latronico, L.; Omodei, N.; Razzano, M.; Massai, M. M.; Pesce-Rollins, M.; Sgrò, C.; Costa, E.; Soffitta, P.; Sipila, H.; Lempinen, E. (2017). "A sealed Gas Pixel
Detector for X-ray astronomy".
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sources will reveal the magnetic-field structure of the X-ray emitting regions. X-ray polarimetric imaging better indicates the magnetic structure in regions of strong electron acceleration. The system is capable to resolve
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launch vehicle is otherwise able to launch about 15,000 kg (33,000 lb) to the same 540 km (340 mi) orbit IXPE was targeting when no plane change is needed, while recovering the first stage booster.
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After launch and deployment of the IXPE spacecraft, NASA pointed the spacecraft at 1ES 1959+650, a black hole, and SMC X-1, a pulsar, for calibration. After that the spacecraft observed its first science target,
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detectors. The estimated cost of the mission and its two-year operation is US$ 188 million (the launch cost is US$ 50.3 million). The goal of the IXPE mission is to expand understanding of high-energy
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measuring low polarization degree, suggesting that the X-ray emission is coming from a scattering process rather than arising directly from the accelerated particles of the jet. In
October 2022 it observed the
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produced by polarized photons to gauge with high sensitivity the polarization state of X-rays interacting in a gaseous medium. Position-dependent and energy-dependent polarization maps of such
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Soffitta, Paolo; Costa, Enrico; di Persio, Giuseppe; Morelli, Ennio; Rubini, Alda; Bellazzini, Ronaldo; Brez, Alessandro; Raffo, Renzo; Spandre, Gloria; Joy, David (11 August 2001).
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The IXPE mission was announced on 3 January 2017 and was launched on 9 December 2021. The international collaboration was signed in June 2017, when the
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of black holes, neutron stars, and pulsars. The observatory, which was launched on 9 December 2021, is an international collaboration between
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image of
Cassiopeia A was released on 11 January 2022. 30 targets are planned to be observed during IXPE's first year.
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in
Florida. The relatively small size and mass of the observatory falls well short of the normal capacity of SpaceX's Falcon 9
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are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).
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Nuclear
Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
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528:(ASI). It is part of NASA's Explorers program, which designs low-cost spacecraft to study heliophysics and astrophysics.
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IXPE is the first satellite dedicated to measuring the polarization of X-rays from a variety of cosmic sources, such as
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Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).
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1891:"Limits on X-Ray Polarization at the Core of Centaurus A as Observed with the Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer"
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Costa, Enrico; Soffitta, Paolo; Bellazzini, Ronaldo; Brez, Alessandro; Lumb, Nicholas; Spandre, Gloria (2001).
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IXPE is built to last for two years. After that it may be retired and deorbited or given an extended mission.
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IXPE satellite, on the top are its three identical X-ray optics elements, the sensors are on the bottom.
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developed in Italy. The 4 m (13 ft) focal length is achieved using a deployable boom.
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The mission will study exotic astronomical objects and permit mapping of the magnetic fields of
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756:. The polarization-sensitive detector was invented and developed by Italian scientists of the
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1522:"An efficient photoelectric X-ray polarimeter for the study of black holes and neutron stars"
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1.1 m (3 ft 7 in) in diameter and 5.2 m (17 ft) tall, fully extended
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1465:"Advanced Observatory Design for the Imaging X-Ray Polarimeter Explorer (IXPE) Mission"
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883:
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1641:"Astronomical X-ray polarimetry based on photoelectric effect with microgap detectors"
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In May 2022 the first study of IXPE hinted the possibility of vacuum birefringence on
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1116:- launched around the same time, complements IXPE by observing space events in 2-30
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1182:"IXPE X-ray observatory completes commissioning, eyes Cassiopeia A for calibration"
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The space observatory features three identical telescopes designed to measure the
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949:, Kenya. The ground station is owned and operated by the Italian Space Agency.
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1491:"Students operate $ 214M spacecraft. 'It's like what you see in the movies.'"
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Symbol indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned
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Improve polarization sensitivity by two orders of magnitude over the X-ray
1701:"SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket rolls out to launch pad with NASA X-ray telescope"
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specific cosmic X-ray sources or categories of sources; and to explore
1439:"SpaceX wins NASA contract to launch X-ray telescope on reused rocket"
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at NASA's
Marshall Space Flight Center and project scientist for the
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219:
31:
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1521:
572:
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2005:
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1366:"NASA Selects Mission to Study Black Holes, Cosmic X-ray Mysteries"
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
709:
Provide simultaneous spectral, spatial, and temporal measurements
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3783:
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IXPE was launched on 9 December 2021 on a SpaceX Falcon 9 (
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88:
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2085:
1117:
605:
During IXPE's two-year mission, it will study targets such as
137:
1588:
Nuclear
Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A
952:
At present mission operations for IXPE are controlled by the
247:
Solar array: 2.7 m (8 ft 10 in) fully deployed
1767:"Quick Facts: Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE)"
512:
with three identical telescopes designed to measure the
2056:"Focusing on the Brightest Gamma-ray Burst of All Time"
1213:"IXPE Home: Expanding the X-ray View of the Universe"
712:
Determine the geometry and the emission mechanism of
980:, also known as the "Brightest of all time" (BOAT).
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1737:"NASA's New IXPE Mission Begins Science Operations"
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1264:"The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE)"
2756:
2527:
1432:
1430:
733:(both isolated and accreting) and the geometry
695:The technical and science objectives include:
162:2 years, 8 months and 28 days (
5082:
2988:
2097:
8:
39:
1957:"Probing a Bright Radio Galaxy with X-Rays"
1859:"X-ray polarisation probes extreme physics"
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1152:"IXPE (Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer)"
764:(INFN) and was refined over several years.
736:Determine how particles are accelerated in
729:Find the mechanism for X-ray production in
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38:
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2004:
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829:The Gas Pixel Detectors (GPD), a type of
722:Find the magnetic field configuration in
1184:. NASASpaceFlight.com. 10 January 2022.
1032:Animation of the IXPE deployment process
766:
726:and determine the magnitude of the field
1130:
1036:
987:
1409:"NASA selects X-ray astronomy mission"
1311:
1309:
968:and in August another study looked at
27:NASA satellite of the Explorer program
1730:
1728:
1726:
762:Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
669:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
584:(ASI) committed to provide the X-ray
7:
5402:Suisen / Fukui Prefectural Satellite
1747:from the original on 22 January 2022
1471:from the original on 9 December 2021
1372:from the original on 8 December 2021
1188:from the original on 11 January 2022
1967:from the original on 29 August 2022
1869:from the original on 15 August 2022
1711:from the original on 3 January 2022
1445:from the original on 2 January 2022
1223:from the original on 2 October 2021
1217:Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC)
945:IXPE communicates with Earth via a
894:, which is located 28.5° above the
2122:List of Explorers Program missions
2066:from the original on 12 April 2023
1501:from the original on 2 August 2022
1415:from the original on 30 April 2024
1162:from the original on 30 April 2024
922:comes closest to Earth's surface.
498:Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer
195:Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer
40:Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer
25:
18:Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer
5023:List of proposed space telescopes
3704:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
2948:indicates active current missions
1993:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
1681:from the original on 17 June 2022
1329:from the original on 2 April 2019
758:Istituto Nazionale di AstroFisica
642:Ball Aerospace & Technologies
216:Ball Aerospace & Technologies
5051:
5050:
2880:
2054:Hensley, Kerry (29 March 2023).
1382:
1339:
1233:
1067:
1042:
1017:
1005:
993:
854:or from adjacent point sources.
652:; he is the chief scientist for
644:. The principal investigator is
461:
45:
3925:Nautilus Deep Space Observatory
2960:indicate missions yet to launch
822:polarization-sensitive imaging
6282:NASA satellites orbiting Earth
1989:"The IXPE View of GRB 221009A"
1735:Mohon, Lee (11 January 2022).
1437:Clark, Stephen (8 July 2019).
1099:List of X-ray space telescopes
685:University of Colorado Boulder
122:
1:
5033:List of heliophysics missions
1675:10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00772-0
1411:. SpaceNews. 4 January 2017.
918:, the region where the inner
900:plane, or inclination, change
837:of the emission direction of
831:Micropattern gaseous detector
2954:indicates cancelled missions
705:Orbiting Solar Observatory 8
650:Marshall Space Flight Center
640:The spacecraft was built by
268:9 December 2021, 06:00
6292:Spacecraft launched in 2021
5013:Great Observatories program
1000:Diagram of IXPE's structure
663:Other partners include the
6308:
6239:James Webb Space Telescope
4504:Orbiting Solar Observatory
1618:10.1016/j.nima.2007.05.304
1467:. Space Foundation. 2018.
1289:10.1016/j.rinp.2016.10.021
1219:. NASA. 7 September 2021.
1083:Astrophysical X-ray source
29:
6247:
5056:Category:Space telescopes
5046:
2941:
2878:
2119:
1895:The Astrophysical Journal
947:ground station in Malindi
658:Chandra X-ray Observatory
602:in extreme environments.
460:
456:
437:
433:
398:
394:
370:540 km (340 mi)
360:540 km (340 mi)
325:
321:
255:
251:
237:170 kg (370 lb)
229:330 kg (730 lb)
174:
170:
79:X-ray astronomy satellite
70:
44:
5018:List of space telescopes
2024:10.3847/2041-8213/acba17
1926:10.3847/1538-4357/ac8056
1368:. NASA. 3 January 2017.
1049:IXPE X-ray image of the
920:Van Allen radiation belt
646:Martin C. Weisskopf
627:accreting X-ray binaries
30:Not to be confused with
1829:10.1126/science.add0080
591:astrophysical processes
4344:HEAO-2 (Einstein Obs.)
1095:, a similar spacecraft
916:South Atlantic Anomaly
867:
714:active galactic nuclei
607:active galactic nuclei
577:
557:active galactic nuclei
5504:Lemur-2 AMANDA-SVANTE
3965:Space Solar Telescope
865:
575:
335:Reference system
179:Spacecraft properties
5857:European Robotic Arm
5105:Orbital launches in
5038:List of planetariums
3935:NRO donation to NASA
1038:Observations by IXPE
880:Kennedy Space Center
843:synchrotron-emitting
596:general relativistic
582:Italian Space Agency
576:Illustration of IXPE
526:Italian Space Agency
500:, commonly known as
294:Kennedy Space Center
4734:(Mission completed)
3019:Radio and Microwave
2015:2023ApJ...946L..21N
1917:2022ApJ...935..116E
1821:2022Sci...378..646T
1707:. 7 December 2021.
1667:2001NIMPA.469..164S
1610:2007NIMPA.579..853B
1548:2001Natur.411..662C
1497:. 18 January 2022.
1441:. Spaceflight Now.
1280:2016ResPh...6.1179W
1012:IXPE before launch
799:Field of view (FoV)
677:Stanford University
673:Roma Tre University
619:pulsar wind nebulae
41:
6220:25 (52 satellites)
6192:24 (48 satellites)
6072:Jilin-1 Gaofen-02F
5991:Jilin-1 Gaofen-02D
5883:Jilin-1 Mofang-01A
5831:Jilin-1 Gaofen-03D
5827:Jilin-1 Kuanfu-01B
5804:TROPICS Pathfinder
4671:Suzaku (Astro-EII)
4496:OAO-3 (Copernicus)
4480:Mikhailo Lomonosov
4328:Hinotori (Astro-A)
3930:New Worlds Mission
2298:25 (Injun 4, IE-B)
1963:. 26 August 2022.
1268:Results in Physics
1075:Spaceflight portal
868:
807:Angular resolution
738:pulsar wind nebula
631:supernova remnants
578:
559:. The high-energy
545:supernova remnants
467:IXPE mission logo
330:Orbital parameters
6287:Explorers Program
6259:
6258:
6153:
6128:
5780:
5774:
5582:Starlink V1.0-L28
5561:(52 satellites),
5559:Starlink V1.0-L26
5553:Starlink V1.0-L27
5541:Starlink V1.0-L25
5519:Starlink V1.0-L24
5508:Lemur-2 SPECIAL K
5459:Starlink V1.0-L23
5431:Starlink V1.0-L22
5426:BlackSky Global 9
5392:Starlink V1.0-L21
5375:Starlink V1.0-L20
5369:Starlink V1.0-L17
5288:Starlink V1.0-L19
5272:Starlink V1.0-L18
5166:(10 satellites),
5158:Starlink V1.0-L16
5149:
5064:
5063:
4962:SIM & SIMlite
4336:Hisaki (SPRINT-A)
4296:Hakucho (CORSA-b)
3850:Astro-1 Telescope
3676:
3675:
2970:
2969:
2937:
2936:
2876:
2875:
2383:42 (Uhuru, SAS-A)
2113:Explorers Program
1805:(6620): 646–650.
1532:(6838): 662–665.
1317:"IXPE Fact Sheet"
1054:Cassiopeia A
1051:supernova remnant
1027:
936:Cassiopeia A
890:. Launching from
850:from surrounding
814:
813:
773:Basic parameters
665:McGill University
510:space observatory
495:
494:
470:Explorers Program
160:5 years (planned)
16:(Redirected from
6299:
6277:X-ray telescopes
6272:Space telescopes
6147:
6112:
6008:
5935:
5929:
5863:Eutelsat Quantum
5806:
5800:
5794:
5787:
5776:
5770:
5768:
5745:
5734:
5727:
5720:
5705:
5696:(3 satellites),
5694:Starlink V1.0-R2
5690:
5684:
5678:
5510:
5415:
5409:
5354:
5335:
5329:
5323:
5317:
5311:
5305:
5245:
5238:
5232:
5225:
5218:
5212:
5205:
5182:
5175:
5164:Starlink v1.0 R1
5133:
5110:
5109:
5108:
5091:
5084:
5077:
5068:
5054:
5053:
4853:
4849:Hitomi (Astro-H)
4845:
4837:
4829:
4821:
4813:
4805:
4797:
4789:
4781:
4773:
4754:
4746:
4735:
4723:
4715:
4707:
4699:
4691:
4683:
4675:
4667:
4659:
4651:
4643:
4635:
4627:
4619:
4611:
4603:
4595:
4587:
4579:
4571:
4563:
4555:
4500:
4492:
4484:
4476:
4468:
4460:
4452:
4444:
4436:
4428:
4420:
4412:
4404:
4396:
4388:
4380:
4372:
4364:
4356:
4348:
4340:
4332:
4324:
4316:
4308:
4300:
4292:
4284:
4276:
4268:
4260:
4252:
4244:
4236:
4228:
4220:
4212:
4204:
4196:
4188:
4180:
4172:
4164:
4156:
4148:
4140:
4132:
4124:
4099:
4091:
4083:
4075:
4067:
4059:
4051:
4043:
4035:
4027:
4019:
4011:
4003:
3995:
3828:
3820:
3812:
3804:
3796:
3788:
3780:
3772:
3764:
3756:
3748:
3740:
3732:
3724:
3716:
3708:
3700:
3692:
3669:
3661:
3653:
3645:
3637:
3629:
3621:
3613:
3605:
3597:
3586:or unclassified)
3576:
3568:
3560:
3552:
3544:
3536:
3528:
3520:
3512:
3504:
3496:
3488:
3480:
3472:
3464:
3456:
3448:
3440:
3432:
3424:
3416:
3391:
3383:
3375:
3367:
3359:
3351:
3343:
3335:
3331:Hinode (Solar-B)
3327:
3319:
3311:
3303:
3282:
3274:
3266:
3258:
3250:
3242:
3234:
3226:
3222:Hinode (Solar-B)
3218:
3210:
3202:
3194:
3186:
3178:
3170:
3162:
3154:
3145:
3137:
3116:
3108:
3100:
3092:
3071:
3063:
3055:
3047:
3039:
3031:
3015:
3004:Space telescopes
2997:
2990:
2983:
2974:
2953:
2947:
2894:
2884:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2809:
2787:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2543:
2529:
2133:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2083:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2026:
2008:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1928:
1910:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1865:. 30 June 2022.
1855:
1849:
1848:
1814:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1773:. Archived from
1763:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1732:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1660:
1658:astro-ph/0012183
1636:
1630:
1629:
1603:
1601:astro-ph/0611512
1582:
1576:
1575:
1556:10.1038/35079508
1541:
1539:astro-ph/0107486
1517:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1495:CU Boulder Today
1487:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1434:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1405:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1362:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1328:
1321:
1313:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1299:2060/20160007987
1291:
1258:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1209:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1178:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1148:
1088:Explorer program
1077:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1046:
1029:
1028:
1009:
997:
852:nebular emission
767:
465:
356:Perigee altitude
339:Geocentric orbit
260:Start of mission
157:Mission duration
152:
146:
143:
141:
139:
124:
115:
114:
108:
49:
42:
21:
6307:
6306:
6302:
6301:
6300:
6298:
6297:
6296:
6262:
6261:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6243:
6178:
6081:
6032:(36 satellites)
6011:
6004:
5975:(34 satellites)
5969:(51 satellites)
5939:
5931:
5925:
5913:(34 satellites)
5871:
5823:(36 satellites)
5809:
5802:
5796:
5789:
5782:
5763:
5740:
5729:
5722:
5715:
5701:
5686:
5680:
5674:
5598:
5595:(36 satellites)
5584:(60 satellites)
5555:(60 satellites)
5543:(60 satellites)
5529:
5521:(60 satellites)
5502:
5486:(36 satellites)
5461:(60 satellites)
5447:
5439:(36 satellites)
5433:(60 satellites)
5411:
5405:
5394:(60 satellites)
5377:(60 satellites)
5371:(60 satellites)
5357:
5349:
5331:
5325:
5319:
5313:
5307:
5301:
5290:(60 satellites)
5274:(60 satellites)
5254:
5240:
5234:
5227:
5220:
5214:
5207:
5200:
5177:
5171:
5160:(60 satellites)
5117:
5116:
5106:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5095:
5065:
5060:
5042:
5028:X-ray telescope
5001:
4883:Constellation-X
4856:
4851:
4843:
4835:
4827:
4819:
4811:
4803:
4795:
4787:
4779:
4771:
4757:
4752:
4744:
4733:
4732:
4726:
4721:
4719:Yokoh (Solar-A)
4713:
4705:
4697:
4689:
4687:Tenma (Astro-B)
4681:
4673:
4665:
4657:
4649:
4641:
4633:
4625:
4617:
4609:
4601:
4593:
4585:
4577:
4569:
4561:
4553:
4498:
4490:
4482:
4474:
4466:
4458:
4450:
4448:LISA Pathfinder
4442:
4434:
4426:
4418:
4410:
4402:
4394:
4386:
4378:
4370:
4362:
4354:
4346:
4338:
4330:
4322:
4314:
4306:
4304:HALCA (MUSES-B)
4298:
4290:
4282:
4280:Ginga (Astro-C)
4274:
4266:
4258:
4250:
4242:
4234:
4226:
4218:
4210:
4202:
4194:
4186:
4178:
4170:
4162:
4154:
4146:
4138:
4130:
4122:
4097:
4089:
4081:
4073:
4065:
4057:
4049:
4041:
4033:
4025:
4017:
4009:
4001:
3999:Akari (Astro-F)
3993:
3979:
3831:
3826:
3818:
3810:
3802:
3794:
3786:
3778:
3770:
3762:
3754:
3746:
3738:
3730:
3722:
3714:
3706:
3698:
3690:
3672:
3667:
3659:
3651:
3643:
3635:
3627:
3619:
3611:
3603:
3595:
3585:
3584:Other (particle
3579:
3574:
3566:
3558:
3550:
3542:
3534:
3526:
3518:
3510:
3502:
3494:
3486:
3478:
3470:
3462:
3454:
3446:
3438:
3430:
3422:
3414:
3394:
3389:
3381:
3373:
3365:
3357:
3349:
3341:
3333:
3325:
3317:
3309:
3301:
3285:
3280:
3272:
3264:
3256:
3248:
3240:
3232:
3224:
3216:
3208:
3200:
3192:
3184:
3176:
3168:
3160:
3152:
3143:
3135:
3119:
3114:
3106:
3098:
3090:
3074:
3069:
3061:
3053:
3045:
3037:
3029:
3006:
3001:
2971:
2966:
2951:
2945:
2933:
2885:
2872:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2807:
2785:
2743:
2716:
2709:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2632:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2541:
2522:
2124:
2115:
2110:
2080:
2079:
2069:
2067:
2053:
2052:
2048:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1872:
1870:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1750:
1748:
1734:
1733:
1724:
1714:
1712:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1504:
1502:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1474:
1472:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1448:
1446:
1436:
1435:
1428:
1418:
1416:
1407:
1406:
1395:
1383:
1375:
1373:
1364:
1363:
1352:
1340:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1307:
1260:
1259:
1246:
1234:
1226:
1224:
1211:
1210:
1201:
1191:
1189:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1165:
1163:
1150:
1149:
1132:
1127:
1109:X-ray telescope
1104:X-ray astronomy
1073:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1056:
1047:
1033:
1030:
1018:
1013:
1010:
1001:
998:
989:IXPE spacecraft
986:
975:gamma ray burst
962:
928:
860:
819:
760:(INAF) and the
746:
693:
654:X-ray astronomy
635:Galactic Center
600:quantum effects
570:
491:
490:
480:
472:
466:
366:Apogee altitude
349:Low Earth orbit
317:10 January 2022
314:Entered service
246:
218:
192:Spacecraft type
161:
148:
147:
136:
109:
104:
63:
61:
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6305:
6303:
6295:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6264:
6263:
6257:
6256:
6252:Crewed flights
6248:
6245:
6244:
6242:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6193:
6186:
6184:
6180:
6179:
6177:
6176:
6175:(3 satellites)
6170:
6169:(2 satellites)
6164:
6154:
6142:
6136:
6129:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6082:
6080:
6079:
6077:Progress MS-18
6074:
6069:
6064:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6038:
6033:
6027:
6019:
6017:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6009:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5976:
5970:
5964:
5958:
5953:
5947:
5945:
5941:
5940:
5938:
5937:
5919:
5914:
5908:
5906:Pléiades Neo 4
5903:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5879:
5877:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5869:
5860:
5850:
5849:(3 satellites)
5844:
5839:
5834:
5824:
5817:
5815:
5811:
5810:
5808:
5807:
5691:
5672:
5670:Progress MS-17
5667:
5661:
5660:(3 satellites)
5655:
5642:
5635:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5606:
5604:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5596:
5590:
5585:
5579:
5574:
5565:
5556:
5550:
5549:(3 satellites)
5544:
5537:
5535:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5527:
5522:
5516:
5511:
5499:Pléiades-Neo 3
5496:
5487:
5481:
5474:
5467:
5462:
5455:
5453:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5440:
5434:
5428:
5416:
5395:
5389:
5388:(3 satellites)
5383:
5378:
5372:
5365:
5363:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5355:
5343:
5342:(3 satellites)
5337:
5291:
5285:
5283:Progress MS-16
5280:
5275:
5269:
5262:
5260:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5252:
5251:(3 satellites)
5246:
5161:
5155:
5150:
5131:
5125:
5123:
5119:
5118:
5112:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5086:
5079:
5071:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5009:
5007:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4864:
4862:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4846:
4838:
4830:
4822:
4814:
4806:
4798:
4790:
4782:
4774:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4747:
4738:
4736:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4716:
4708:
4700:
4692:
4684:
4676:
4668:
4660:
4652:
4644:
4636:
4628:
4620:
4612:
4604:
4596:
4588:
4580:
4572:
4564:
4556:
4548:
4547:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4501:
4493:
4485:
4477:
4469:
4461:
4453:
4445:
4437:
4429:
4421:
4413:
4405:
4397:
4389:
4381:
4373:
4365:
4357:
4349:
4341:
4333:
4325:
4317:
4309:
4301:
4293:
4285:
4277:
4269:
4261:
4253:
4245:
4237:
4229:
4221:
4213:
4205:
4197:
4189:
4181:
4173:
4165:
4160:Compton (CGRO)
4157:
4149:
4141:
4133:
4125:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4092:
4087:ASCA (Astro-D)
4084:
4076:
4068:
4060:
4052:
4044:
4036:
4028:
4020:
4012:
4004:
3996:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3885:Hypertelescope
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3865:Fresnel Imager
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3841:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3829:
3821:
3813:
3805:
3797:
3789:
3781:
3773:
3765:
3757:
3749:
3741:
3733:
3725:
3717:
3709:
3701:
3693:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3662:
3654:
3646:
3638:
3630:
3622:
3614:
3606:
3598:
3589:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3569:
3561:
3553:
3545:
3537:
3529:
3521:
3513:
3508:Max Valier Sat
3505:
3497:
3489:
3481:
3473:
3465:
3457:
3449:
3444:HXMT (Insight)
3441:
3436:Einstein Probe
3433:
3425:
3420:Chandra (AXAF)
3417:
3408:
3406:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3384:
3376:
3368:
3360:
3352:
3344:
3336:
3328:
3320:
3312:
3304:
3295:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3275:
3267:
3259:
3251:
3243:
3235:
3227:
3219:
3211:
3203:
3195:
3187:
3179:
3171:
3163:
3155:
3151:constellation
3146:
3138:
3129:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3109:
3101:
3093:
3084:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3064:
3056:
3048:
3040:
3032:
3023:
3021:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2992:
2985:
2977:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2961:
2955:
2949:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2900:
2898:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2849:
2842:
2837:
2830:
2823:
2816:
2811:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2761:
2759:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2642:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2578:85–89 (THEMIS)
2574:
2567:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2538:
2532:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2433:52 (Hawkeye 1)
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2393:44 (Solrad 10)
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2139:
2137:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2086:
2078:
2077:
2046:
1978:
1948:
1880:
1850:
1788:
1777:on 28 May 2022
1758:
1722:
1692:
1651:(2): 164–184.
1631:
1594:(2): 853–858.
1577:
1512:
1482:
1456:
1426:
1393:
1350:
1322:. NASA. 2017.
1305:
1244:
1199:
1173:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1090:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1048:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1004:
1002:
999:
992:
990:
985:
982:
961:
958:
927:
924:
892:Cape Canaveral
884:launch vehicle
859:
858:Launch profile
856:
839:photoelectrons
833:, rely on the
818:
815:
812:
811:
808:
804:
803:
800:
796:
795:
789:
785:
784:
779:
775:
774:
771:
770:Telescope (×3)
745:
742:
741:
740:
734:
727:
720:
710:
707:
692:
689:
569:
566:
493:
492:
481:
474:
473:
468:
458:
457:
454:
453:
448:
444:
443:
439:
438:
435:
434:
431:
430:
425:
421:
420:
417:
413:
412:
409:
405:
404:
403:Main telescope
400:
399:
396:
395:
392:
391:
388:
382:
381:
378:
372:
371:
368:
362:
361:
358:
352:
351:
346:
342:
341:
336:
332:
331:
327:
326:
323:
322:
319:
318:
315:
311:
310:
305:
301:
300:
291:
287:
286:
277:
273:
272:
266:
262:
261:
257:
256:
253:
252:
249:
248:
243:
239:
238:
235:
231:
230:
227:
223:
222:
213:
209:
208:
203:
197:
196:
193:
189:
188:
187:Explorer XCVII
185:
181:
180:
176:
175:
172:
171:
168:
167:
158:
154:
153:
134:
130:
129:
126:
117:
116:
102:
96:
95:
86:
82:
81:
76:
72:
71:
68:
67:
58:
54:
53:
50:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6304:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6269:
6267:
6253:
6246:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6234:Inmarsat-6 F1
6232:
6230:
6229:SpaceX CRS-24
6227:
6225:
6222:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6213:Ekspress-AMU7
6211:
6209:
6208:Ekspress-AMU3
6206:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6198:
6194:
6191:
6188:
6187:
6185:
6181:
6174:
6171:
6168:
6165:
6162:
6158:
6157:Progress M-UM
6155:
6151:
6146:
6143:
6140:
6137:
6135:
6134:
6133:SpaceX Crew-3
6130:
6127:
6123:
6119:
6115:
6110:
6106:
6102:
6098:
6094:
6091:
6090:
6088:
6084:
6078:
6075:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6063:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6043:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6025:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6014:
6007:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5981:
5977:
5974:
5971:
5968:
5967:Starlink G2-1
5965:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5948:
5946:
5942:
5934:
5928:
5923:
5922:SpaceX CRS-23
5920:
5918:
5915:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5901:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5874:
5868:
5864:
5861:
5858:
5854:
5851:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5842:Tianlian I-05
5840:
5838:
5835:
5832:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5812:
5805:
5799:
5792:
5785:
5779:
5773:
5766:
5761:
5757:
5753:
5749:
5743:
5738:
5732:
5725:
5718:
5713:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5695:
5692:
5689:
5683:
5677:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:/ Pion-NKS №1
5665:
5662:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5650:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5640:
5636:
5634:
5630:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5615:SpaceX CRS-22
5613:
5611:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5601:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5560:
5557:
5554:
5551:
5548:
5545:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5532:
5526:
5523:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5509:
5505:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5491:
5488:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5479:
5478:SpaceX Crew-2
5475:
5473:
5472:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5450:
5444:
5441:
5438:
5435:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5423:
5422:
5417:
5414:
5408:
5403:
5399:
5396:
5393:
5390:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5376:
5373:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5360:
5352:
5347:
5344:
5341:
5338:
5334:
5328:
5322:
5316:
5310:
5304:
5299:
5295:
5292:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5273:
5270:
5268:/ Lotos-S1 №4
5267:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5257:
5250:
5247:
5243:
5237:
5230:
5223:
5217:
5210:
5203:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5186:
5180:
5174:
5169:
5165:
5162:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5153:Tiantong-1 03
5151:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5136:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5124:
5120:
5115:
5111:
5100:
5092:
5087:
5085:
5080:
5078:
5073:
5072:
5069:
5057:
5049:
5048:
5045:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5004:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4890:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4863:
4859:
4850:
4847:
4842:
4839:
4834:
4831:
4826:
4823:
4818:
4815:
4810:
4807:
4802:
4799:
4794:
4791:
4786:
4783:
4778:
4775:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4760:
4751:
4748:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4729:
4720:
4717:
4712:
4709:
4704:
4701:
4696:
4693:
4688:
4685:
4680:
4679:Taiyo (SRATS)
4677:
4672:
4669:
4664:
4661:
4656:
4653:
4648:
4645:
4640:
4637:
4632:
4629:
4624:
4621:
4616:
4613:
4608:
4605:
4600:
4597:
4592:
4589:
4584:
4581:
4576:
4573:
4568:
4565:
4560:
4557:
4552:
4549:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4502:
4497:
4494:
4489:
4486:
4481:
4478:
4473:
4470:
4465:
4462:
4457:
4454:
4449:
4446:
4441:
4438:
4433:
4430:
4425:
4422:
4417:
4414:
4409:
4406:
4401:
4398:
4393:
4390:
4385:
4382:
4377:
4374:
4369:
4366:
4361:
4358:
4353:
4350:
4345:
4342:
4337:
4334:
4329:
4326:
4321:
4318:
4313:
4310:
4305:
4302:
4297:
4294:
4289:
4286:
4281:
4278:
4273:
4270:
4265:
4262:
4257:
4254:
4249:
4246:
4241:
4238:
4233:
4230:
4225:
4222:
4217:
4214:
4209:
4206:
4201:
4198:
4193:
4190:
4185:
4182:
4177:
4174:
4169:
4166:
4161:
4158:
4153:
4150:
4145:
4142:
4137:
4134:
4129:
4126:
4120:
4116:
4113:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4088:
4085:
4080:
4077:
4072:
4069:
4064:
4061:
4056:
4053:
4048:
4045:
4040:
4037:
4032:
4029:
4024:
4021:
4016:
4013:
4008:
4005:
4000:
3997:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3834:
3825:
3822:
3817:
3814:
3809:
3806:
3801:
3798:
3793:
3790:
3785:
3782:
3777:
3774:
3769:
3766:
3761:
3760:Solar-C EUVST
3758:
3753:
3750:
3745:
3742:
3737:
3734:
3729:
3726:
3721:
3718:
3713:
3710:
3705:
3702:
3697:
3694:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3683:
3679:
3666:
3663:
3658:
3657:Solar Orbiter
3655:
3650:
3647:
3642:
3639:
3634:
3631:
3626:
3623:
3618:
3615:
3610:
3607:
3602:
3599:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3582:
3573:
3570:
3565:
3562:
3557:
3554:
3549:
3546:
3541:
3538:
3533:
3530:
3525:
3522:
3517:
3514:
3509:
3506:
3501:
3498:
3493:
3490:
3485:
3482:
3477:
3474:
3469:
3466:
3461:
3458:
3453:
3450:
3445:
3442:
3437:
3434:
3429:
3426:
3421:
3418:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3388:
3385:
3380:
3377:
3372:
3371:Solar Orbiter
3369:
3364:
3361:
3356:
3353:
3348:
3345:
3340:
3337:
3332:
3329:
3324:
3321:
3316:
3313:
3308:
3305:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3279:
3276:
3271:
3268:
3263:
3260:
3255:
3252:
3247:
3244:
3239:
3236:
3231:
3228:
3223:
3220:
3215:
3212:
3207:
3204:
3199:
3196:
3191:
3188:
3183:
3180:
3175:
3172:
3167:
3164:
3159:
3156:
3150:
3147:
3142:
3139:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3113:
3110:
3105:
3102:
3097:
3094:
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2775:76 (TERRIERS)
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1389:public domain
1371:
1367:
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1346:public domain
1325:
1318:
1312:
1310:
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1300:
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1290:
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1281:
1277:
1274:: 1179–1180.
1273:
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1240:public domain
1222:
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923:
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913:
912:neutron stars
909:
904:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
864:
857:
855:
853:
849:
848:point sources
844:
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836:
832:
827:
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809:
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754:cosmic X-rays
751:
743:
739:
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537:neutron stars
534:
529:
527:
523:
519:
518:cosmic X-rays
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
489: →
488:
484:
479:(Explorer 96)
478:
475:←
471:
464:
459:
455:
452:
449:
445:
440:
436:
432:
429:
426:
422:
418:
414:
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390:90.00 minutes
389:
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59:
55:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
6251:
6202:
6195:
6131:
6040:
6022:
5980:Inspiration4
5978:
5894:Cygnus NG-16
5847:Yaogan 30-10
5658:Yaogan 30-09
5637:
5547:Yaogan 30-08
5476:
5469:
5443:Gaofen 12-02
5420:
5386:Yaogan 31-04
5340:Yaogan 31-03
5303:GuaraniSat-1
5294:Cygnus NG-15
5249:Yaogan 31-02
5173:Flock-4s × 8
4904:
4887:
4731:Hibernating
4483:(2016–2019?)
4026:(1962, 1964)
3920:Nano-JASMINE
3744:NEO Surveyor
3668:(since 2006)
3660:(since 2020)
3652:(since 1995)
3644:(since 2019)
3636:(since 2017)
3628:(since 2008)
3620:(since 2015)
3612:(since 2015)
3604:(since 2011)
3596:(since 1997)
3575:(since 1999)
3567:(since 2024)
3559:(since 2023)
3551:(since 2022)
3543:(since 2012)
3535:(since 2017)
3527:(since 2018)
3519:(since 2009)
3511:(since 2017)
3503:(since 2004)
3495:(since 2024)
3487:(since 2019)
3479:(since 2021)
3475:
3471:(since 2020)
3463:(since 2008)
3455:(since 2002)
3447:(since 2017)
3439:(since 2024)
3431:(since 2015)
3423:(since 1999)
3415:(since 2015)
3390:(since 2004)
3382:(since 2006)
3374:(since 2020)
3366:(since 2008)
3358:(since 1995)
3350:(since 2010)
3342:(since 2013)
3334:(since 2006)
3326:(since 2021)
3318:(since 2015)
3310:(since 2022)
3302:(since 2023)
3281:(since 2018)
3273:(since 2004)
3265:(since 2008)
3257:(since 1995)
3249:(since 2010)
3241:(since 2001)
3233:(since 2013)
3225:(since 2006)
3217:(since 1990)
3209:(since 2005)
3201:(since 2013)
3193:(since 2021)
3185:(since 2023)
3177:(since 2015)
3169:(since 2019)
3161:(since 2021)
3153:(since 2013)
3144:(since 2015)
3136:(since 2018)
3115:(since 2009)
3107:(since 2008)
3099:(since 2001)
3091:(since 2022)
3070:(since 2024)
3062:(since 1994)
3054:(since 2018)
3046:(since 2006)
3038:(since 2020)
3030:(since 2018)
2957:
2946:Green titles
2865:
2858:
2851:
2844:
2792:82 (CHIPSat)
2736:
2729:
2722:
2625:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2373:40 (Injun 5)
2268:S-66A (BE-A)
2068:. Retrieved
2059:
2049:
1996:
1992:
1981:
1969:. Retrieved
1960:
1951:
1898:
1894:
1883:
1871:. Retrieved
1863:CERN Courier
1862:
1853:
1802:
1798:
1791:
1779:. Retrieved
1775:the original
1770:
1761:
1749:. Retrieved
1740:
1713:. Retrieved
1704:
1695:
1683:. Retrieved
1648:
1644:
1634:
1591:
1587:
1580:
1529:
1525:
1515:
1503:. Retrieved
1494:
1485:
1473:. Retrieved
1459:
1447:. Retrieved
1417:. Retrieved
1374:. Retrieved
1331:. Retrieved
1271:
1267:
1227:15 September
1225:. Retrieved
1216:
1190:. Retrieved
1176:
1164:. Retrieved
1156:eoportal.com
1155:
963:
951:
944:
932:
929:
905:
869:
828:
820:
788:Energy range
750:polarization
747:
718:microquasars
694:
662:
660:spacecraft.
639:
604:
586:polarization
579:
530:
514:polarization
505:
501:
497:
496:
469:
442:Transponders
416:Focal length
411:Three-mirror
234:Payload mass
212:Manufacturer
163:
75:Mission type
36:
6197:Soyuz MS-20
6167:Yaogan 32-2
6109:TeikyoSat-4
6062:Syracuse 4A
6042:Shenzhou 13
6024:Soyuz MS-19
5963:/ EO MKA №1
5961:Kosmos 2551
5956:ChinaSat 9B
5951:Gaofen 5-02
5889:ChinaSat 2E
5867:Star One D2
5791:SpaceBEE NZ
5737:SHERPA LTE1
5698:ION-SCV 003
5664:Kosmos 2550
5639:Shenzhou 12
5572:SBIRS-GEO 5
5471:Soyuz MS-18
5465:Shiyan 6-03
5266:Kosmos 2549
5168:ION-SCV 002
5147:TechEdSat-7
4844:(2014–2015)
4796:(2012–2013)
4762:Lost/Failed
4753:(1998–2010)
4745:(1998–2005)
4722:(1991–2001)
4714:(2001–2010)
4698:(1970–1973)
4690:(1983–1985)
4682:(1975–1980)
4674:(2005–2015)
4666:(2003–2020)
4658:(2011–2019)
4650:(1979–1985)
4642:(1975–1979)
4634:(1972–1973)
4626:(1992–2004)
4618:(1995–2012)
4610:(1990–1999)
4602:(2002–2018)
4594:(1983–1984)
4586:(2009–2013)
4570:(2006–2016)
4499:(1972–1981)
4491:(1968–1973)
4475:(1996–1997)
4467:(2003–2019)
4459:(2015–2017)
4451:(2015–2017)
4443:(1997–2002)
4435:(1990–2001)
4427:(2009–2018)
4419:(1996–2004)
4411:(1978–1996)
4403:(1996–1998)
4395:(1995–1996)
4371:(1989–1993)
4363:(2000–2008)
4355:(1979–1981)
4347:(1978–1982)
4339:(2013–2023)
4331:(1981–1991)
4323:(2009–2013)
4315:(1977–1979)
4307:(1997–2005)
4299:(1979–1985)
4291:(1989–1998)
4283:(1987–1991)
4275:(1990–1992)
4267:(2003–2013)
4259:(1987–2001)
4251:(1999–2007)
4243:(1992–2001)
4235:(1983–1986)
4224:Explorer 11
4195:(2017–2019)
4187:(1989–1993)
4179:(1975–1982)
4171:(2006–2013)
4163:(1991–2000)
4155:(2003–2008)
4147:(1996–2003)
4139:(1974–1976)
4131:(1983–1991)
4090:(1993–2000)
4082:(1973–1974)
4074:(2017–2019)
4066:(1979–1982)
4058:(1974–1980)
4050:(1971–1972)
4042:(1967–1969)
4018:(1962–1972)
4010:(1993–2005)
4002:(2006–2011)
3994:(2007–2024)
3291:Ultraviolet
2952:Grey titles
2780:79 (HETE-2)
2696:93 (NuSTAR)
2671:81 (RHESSI)
2646:68 (SAMPEX)
2488:61 (Magsat)
2463:56 (ISEE-1)
2353:36 (GEOS-B)
2318:29 (GEOS-A)
1797:magnetar".
1475:10 December
1166:17 February
978:GRB 221009A
970:Centaurus A
940:first-light
908:black holes
888:inclination
866:IXPE launch
703:aboard the
701:polarimeter
533:black holes
424:Wavelengths
376:Inclination
290:Launch site
265:Launch date
226:Launch mass
164:in progress
150:asi.it/ixpe
60:Explorer 97
6266:Categories
6224:Türksat 5B
6122:NanoDragon
6053:Shijian 21
6030:OneWeb L11
5986:Tianzhou 3
5973:OneWeb L10
5837:Fengyun-3E
5708:SHERPA FX2
5610:Fengyun 4B
5588:Tianzhou 2
5577:HaiYang-2D
5346:Amazônia-1
5129:Türksat 5A
4703:Vanguard 3
4015:Alouette 1
3855:AstroSat-2
3572:XMM-Newton
3088:James Webb
2676:83 (GALEX)
2656:73 (TRACE)
2620:HelioSwarm
2571:84 (Swift)
2553:78 (IMAGE)
2438:53 (SAS-C)
2423:50 (IMP-J)
2418:49 (RAE-B)
2413:48 (SAS-B)
2408:47 (IMP-H)
2398:45 (SSS-A)
2388:43 (IMP-I)
2378:41 (IMP-G)
2363:38 (RAE-A)
2348:35 (IMP-E)
2343:34 (IMP-F)
2338:33 (IMP-D)
2328:31 (DME-A)
2313:28 (IMP-C)
2303:26 (EPE-D)
2288:23 (S-55C)
2278:21 (IMP-B)
2258:18 (IMP-A)
2248:16 (S-55B)
2243:15 (EPE-C)
2238:14 (EPE-B)
2233:13 (S-55A)
2228:12 (EPE-A)
2143:Explorer 1
2006:2301.01798
1999:(1): L21.
1908:2207.06625
1901:(2): 116.
1812:2205.08898
1751:20 January
1715:9 December
1685:14 January
1449:9 December
1419:9 December
1376:6 December
1333:2 February
1192:11 January
1125:References
966:4U 0142+61
926:Operations
878:at NASA's
835:anisotropy
778:Wavelength
744:Telescopes
691:Objectives
681:OHB Italia
633:, and the
304:Contractor
242:Dimensions
220:OHB Italia
184:Spacecraft
6173:Yaogan 35
6150:LICIACube
6001:Landsat 9
5996:Shiyan 10
5944:September
5911:OneWeb L9
5898:EOS-03 /
5821:OneWeb L8
5748:Capella 5
5717:Astrocast
5593:OneWeb L7
5563:Capella 6
5525:Yaogan 34
5484:OneWeb L6
5437:OneWeb L5
5421:Pathstone
5315:OPUSAT-II
5202:Astrocast
5189:Capella 4
5185:Capella 3
4906:Eddington
4861:Cancelled
4368:Hipparcos
3776:Spektr-UV
3641:Mini-EUSO
3633:ISS-CREAM
3484:Spektr-RG
3404:Gamma-ray
3299:Aditya-L1
3190:Hayabusa2
3067:Queqiao 2
3011:Operating
2897:Proposals
2890:Proposals
2770:72 (SNOE)
2717:97 (IXPE)
2703:94 (IRIS)
2689:91 (IBEX)
2666:75 (WIRE)
2661:74 (SWAS)
2651:70 (FAST)
2599:96 (ICON)
2592:95 (TESS)
2585:92 (WISE)
2558:80 (WMAP)
2548:77 (FUSE)
2536:69 (RXTE)
2518:67 (EUVE)
2513:66 (COBE)
2498:63 (DE-2)
2493:62 (DE-1)
2483:60 (SAGE)
2473:58 (HCMM)
2448:55 (AE-E)
2443:54 (AE-D)
2428:51 (AE-C)
2368:39 (AD-C)
2333:32 (AE-B)
2308:27 (BE-C)
2293:24 (AD-B)
2283:22 (BE-B)
2273:20 (IE-A)
2263:19 (AD-A)
2253:17 (AE-A)
2213:11 (S-15)
2198:9 (S-56A)
2136:1958–1992
2041:255440524
2033:2041-8205
1971:29 August
1943:250526704
1935:0004-637X
1873:15 August
1845:248863030
1705:TESLARATI
1626:119036804
817:Principle
724:magnetars
623:magnetars
549:magnetars
106:2021-121A
100:COSPAR ID
6218:Starlink
6190:Starlink
6183:December
6114:ASTERISC
6086:November
5784:SpaceBEE
5731:SpaceBEE
5649:GPS IIIA
5494:KH-11 18
5413:Kepler 7
5407:Kepler 6
5398:CAS500-1
5381:Shiyan 9
5351:SpaceBEE
5327:STARS-EC
5259:February
5242:SpaceBEE
5209:Flock-4s
5179:SpaceBEE
4957:Sentinel
4655:Spektr-R
4591:RELIKT-1
4432:Kristall
4320:Herschel
4144:BeppoSAX
3900:JEM-EUSO
3895:iWF-MAXI
3837:Proposed
3800:LiteBIRD
3792:Spektr-M
3524:MinXSS-2
3452:INTEGRAL
3315:Astrosat
3141:Astrosat
3080:Infrared
2786:INTEGRAL
2682:90 (AIM)
2542:71 (ACE)
2508:65 (CCE)
2503:64 (SME)
2478:59 (ICE)
2468:57 (IUE)
2403:46 (MTS)
2178:7 (S-1A)
2129:Missions
2070:12 April
2064:Archived
2060:AAS Nova
1965:Archived
1961:AAS Nova
1867:Archived
1837:36356124
1745:Archived
1709:Archived
1679:Archived
1564:11395761
1505:2 August
1499:Archived
1469:Archived
1443:Archived
1413:Archived
1370:Archived
1324:Archived
1221:Archived
1186:Archived
1160:Archived
1061:See also
824:detector
802:>11′
683:and the
648:of NASA
568:Overview
524:and the
280:Falcon 9
85:Operator
6161:Prichal
6126:KOSEN-1
6093:RAISE-2
6016:October
5900:GISAT-1
5798:Tiger-2
5778:LINCS B
5772:LINCS A
5765:Lemur-2
5724:Lemur-2
5712:Lynk 05
5703:SPARTAN
5688:STORK-5
5682:STORK-4
5676:Brik-II
5645:USA-319
5633:USA-318
5629:USA-317
5625:USA-316
5568:USA-315
5490:USA-314
5419:Photon
5333:WARP-01
5298:MMSAT-1
5229:Lemur-2
5216:HYPSO-1
5122:January
5006:Related
4917:FINESSE
4895:Destiny
4878:Astro-G
4841:Tsubame
4833:Astro-E
4809:ABRIXAS
4663:Spitzer
4647:Solwind
4599:R/HESSI
4559:Orion 2
4551:Orion 1
4256:Kvant-1
4152:CHIPSat
4115:Astro-2
4095:Astro-1
4071:ASTERIA
4063:Ariel 6
4055:Ariel 5
4047:Ariel 4
4039:Ariel 3
4031:Ariel 2
4023:Ariel 1
3984:Retired
3975:THESEUS
3960:Solar-D
3955:PhoENiX
3795:(2030+)
3752:JASMINE
3720:Xuntian
3688:SPHEREx
3681:Planned
3230:NEOSSat
3125:Optical
3051:Queqiao
2958:Italics
2904:FINESSE
2853:SunRISE
2731:TRACERS
2606:SPHEREx
2173:6 (S-2)
2011:Bibcode
1913:Bibcode
1889:2022).
1817:Bibcode
1799:Science
1663:Bibcode
1606:Bibcode
1572:4348577
1544:Bibcode
1276:Bibcode
1158:. ESA.
984:Gallery
960:Results
896:equator
874:) from
872:B1061.5
731:pulsars
671:(MIT),
615:pulsars
611:quasars
553:quasars
541:pulsars
508:, is a
506:SMEX-14
487:TRACERS
284:B1061.5
206:BCP-100
133:Website
121:SATCAT
65:SMEX-14
6097:HIBARI
6067:QZS-1R
6058:SES-17
5933:Maya-4
5927:Maya-3
5876:August
5514:Tianhe
5321:RSP-01
5309:Maya-2
5222:Kepler
5143:Q-PACE
5139:PICS 2
5135:PICS 1
5114:2022 →
5099:← 2020
4982:TAUVEX
4889:Darwin
4868:Aelita
4852:(2016)
4836:(2000)
4828:(1999)
4820:(1996)
4817:HETE-1
4812:(1999)
4804:(1965)
4788:(1976)
4780:(1970)
4772:(1966)
4706:(1959)
4623:SAMPEX
4583:Planck
4578:(2018)
4575:PicSat
4567:PAMELA
4562:(1973)
4554:(1971)
4456:MinXSS
4424:Kepler
4387:(1983)
4379:(2024)
4360:HETE-2
4352:HEAO-3
4312:HEAO-1
4288:Granat
4232:EXOSAT
4227:(1961)
4219:(2010)
4211:(2008)
4203:(1993)
4192:CXBN-2
4128:Astron
4123:(1995)
4098:(1990)
4034:(1964)
4007:ALEXIS
3950:PETREL
3910:LUVOIR
3860:EXCEDE
3827:(2035)
3819:(2035)
3816:Athena
3811:(2033)
3803:(2032)
3787:(2030)
3779:(2030)
3771:(2029)
3763:(2028)
3755:(2028)
3747:(2027)
3739:(2027)
3731:(2027)
3723:(2026)
3715:(2026)
3707:(2026)
3699:(2026)
3696:K-EUSO
3691:(2025)
3665:STEREO
3601:AMS-02
3564:XPoSat
3540:NuSTAR
3379:STEREO
3323:Hibari
3214:Hubble
3206:HiRISE
3182:Euclid
3174:DSCOVR
3166:CHEOPS
3043:STEREO
2929:ESCAPE
2924:EXCEDE
2814:Hitomi
2802:Suzaku
2765:HETE-1
2458:DADE-B
2453:DADE-A
2039:
2031:
1941:
1933:
1843:
1835:
1781:12 May
1624:
1570:
1562:
1526:Nature
1114:XPoSat
876:LC-39A
555:, and
451:S-band
386:Period
345:Regime
308:SpaceX
298:LC-39A
276:Rocket
32:XPoSat
6139:CERES
6118:ARICA
6105:DRUMS
6101:Z-Sat
6036:CHASE
5917:TJS-7
5853:Nauka
5762:× 4,
5760:ÑuSat
5758:× 3,
5754:× 4,
5752:ICEYE
5620:SXM-8
5452:April
5362:March
5278:TJS 6
5236:PTD-1
5199:× 3,
5195:× 3,
5193:ICEYE
4977:SPOrt
4972:SPICA
4952:OSO K
4947:OSO J
4801:OSO C
4785:CORSA
4777:OAO-B
4769:OAO-1
4750:TRACE
4695:Uhuru
4639:SAS-C
4631:SAS-B
4607:ROSAT
4544:OSO 8
4539:OSO 7
4534:OSO 6
4529:OSO 5
4524:OSO 4
4519:OSO 3
4514:OSO B
4509:OSO 1
4488:OAO-2
4440:LEGRI
4376:ILO-X
4272:Gamma
4264:GALEX
4216:EPOXI
4208:EPOCh
4176:Cos-B
4168:CoRoT
4103:BBXRT
3991:AGILE
3970:THEIA
3940:ORBIS
3890:ILO-1
3875:HabEx
3870:FOCAL
3845:Arcus
3808:Taiji
3768:ARIEL
3712:PLATO
3617:DAMPE
3609:CALET
3556:XRISM
3532:NICER
3500:Swift
3468:GECAM
3460:Fermi
3428:DAMPE
3412:CALET
3400:X-ray
3387:Swift
3363:SOLAR
3307:ASO-S
3270:Swift
3262:SOLAR
3158:CHASE
3149:BRITE
3104:SOLAR
2919:ASTRE
2914:OHMIC
2909:Arcus
2840:GUSTO
2834:XRISM
2820:NICER
2808:TWINS
2797:CINDI
2724:PUNCH
2528:MIDEX
2218:S-45A
2183:S-46A
2037:S2CID
2001:arXiv
1939:S2CID
1903:arXiv
1841:S2CID
1807:arXiv
1653:arXiv
1622:S2CID
1596:arXiv
1568:S2CID
1534:arXiv
1327:(PDF)
1320:(PDF)
1120:range
810:≤30″
782:X-ray
561:X-ray
483:PUNCH
428:X-ray
380:0.20°
142:.nasa
140:.msfc
128:49954
57:Names
6203:IXPE
6145:DART
6048:Lucy
6006:CUTE
5814:July
5786:× 12
5756:Hawk
5742:KSF1
5733:× 12
5603:June
5353:× 12
5244:× 24
5211:× 40
5197:Hawk
5181:× 12
5107:2021
4997:XIPE
4992:XEUS
4967:SNAP
4942:LOFT
4937:JDEM
4922:GEMS
4912:FAME
4900:EChO
4873:AOSO
4825:WIRE
4793:CXBN
4742:SWAS
4711:WMAP
4615:RXTE
4464:MOST
4416:IXAE
4392:IRTS
4384:IRAS
4248:FUSE
4240:EUVE
4184:COBE
3915:Lynx
3905:LUCI
3824:LISA
3784:UVEX
3736:LORD
3728:COSI
3649:SOHO
3625:IBEX
3548:LEIA
3516:MAXI
3492:SVOM
3476:IXPE
3402:and
3355:SOHO
3339:IRIS
3278:TESS
3254:SOHO
3238:Odin
3198:Gaia
3112:WISE
3096:Odin
3059:Wind
3027:NCLE
2867:CASE
2860:EZIE
2827:GOLD
2749:UNEX
2738:COSI
2710:GEMS
2638:SMEX
2627:UVEX
2613:MUSE
2564:FAME
2223:S-55
2203:S-45
2193:S-56
2072:2023
2029:ISSN
1973:2022
1931:ISSN
1875:2022
1833:PMID
1783:2022
1771:LASP
1753:2022
1741:NASA
1717:2021
1687:2024
1560:PMID
1507:2022
1477:2021
1451:2021
1421:2021
1378:2021
1335:2018
1229:2021
1194:2022
1168:2019
1093:GEMS
938:. A
910:and
791:2–8
716:and
598:and
522:NASA
502:IXPE
485:and
477:ICON
447:Band
408:Type
144:.gov
138:ixpe
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6141:x 3
5833:x 3
5793:× 4
5767:× 3
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5744:× 4
5735:),
5726:× 3
5719:× 5
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5534:May
5231:× 8
5224:× 8
5204:× 5
5183:),
4987:TPF
4932:IXO
4927:HOP
4472:MSX
4408:IUE
4400:ISO
4200:DXS
4136:ANS
4119:HUT
4108:HUT
4079:ATM
3945:OST
3880:HWO
3593:ACE
3347:SDO
3246:SDO
3133:Aoi
2846:AWE
2168:S-1
2019:doi
1997:946
1921:doi
1899:935
1825:doi
1803:378
1671:doi
1649:469
1614:doi
1592:592
1552:doi
1530:411
1294:hdl
1284:doi
1118:keV
793:keV
752:of
679:,
516:of
504:or
419:4 m
270:UTC
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123:no.
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