825:. Due to the harsh conditions in Atlit camp, many immigrants were transferred to Kiryat Shmuel Immigrant Camp in Haifa, which was also a detention camp under British jurisdiction. It was agreed that its guards would be Jewish policemen of the Mandatory police, rather than British. The Jewish Agency was responsible for the internal management of the camps in Atlit and Kiryat Shmuel, while medical services were provided there by the Hadassah organization. The Kiryat Shmuel camp is considered to be the first actual immigrant camp, having a capacity of 700 persons.
37:
470:
876:
972:
The immigrant camps were in fact tent cities, located in vicinity of Jewish cities and villages. The residents of the immigrant camps were entirely supported by institutions, not requiring them to work and support themselves. The Jewish agency was responsible to the internal management of the camps.
935:
Over time, the Ma'abarot metamorphosed into
Israeli towns, or were absorbed as neighbourhoods of the towns they were attached to, and residents were provided with permanent housing. The number of people housed in camps began to decline after 1952, and the last Ma'abarot were closed sometime around
850:
Following the UN resolution on the partition of
Palestine in late November, the Jewish immigrant flow increased and they were accommodated in new locations, established in former military camps, evacuated by the British. At this stage the Pardes Hana immigrant camp was established as well as
817:
In early 1947, the Jewish Agency reached an agreement with the
British authorities, according to which the Jewish immigrants would arrive in the Land of Israel on the basis of monthly or quarterly certificates, and remain under British arrest. It was agreed that upon being provided with an
892:
in Israel in the early 1950s meant that almost a third of immigrant camp dwellers by that time was of Iraqi Jewish origin. In addition to the Iraqi Jews, large numbers of Libyan and
Yemenite Jews reshaped the immigrant camps into largely Sephardic and Mizrachi communities.
883:
By the end of 1948 there were 20 immigrant camps across Israel, housing 35,000 immigrants, while the capacity was standing at about 50,000. The time period, spent by immigrants in immigration camps turned longer and longer over time, reaching more than one month.
669:
867:. Later more camps were established in Be'er Ya'acov, Kiryat Eliyahu (Haifa), Kiryat Motzkin, Rehovot and Jerusalem. Those camps housed immigrants, who could not find better arrangements or receive assistance from relatives.
887:
At the end of 1949 there had been 90,000 Jews housed in immigration camps; by the end of 1951 this population rose to over 220,000 people, in about 125 separate communities. The sudden arrival of over 130,000
911:
The tent cities provided a harsh environment for the refugees and immigrants. As a result, more habitable housing were provided to replace the tents, and the camps were converted into "transition camps", or
748:
395:
843:, with a capacity of 200 persons. However, by late 1947 most of the newly prepared immigrant camps remained empty, with largest concentrations of arriving immigrants staying in
1087:
674:
832:, providing housing for those released from Atlit detention camp and from Kiryat Shmuel camp. The average stay of immigrants in Newe Haim at that time was about 3 weeks.
741:
633:
684:
973:
The situation changed with the conversion of immigrant camps into transition camps by the early 1950s, when many of the transition camp dwellers turned to work.
1062:
1057:
921:
795:
734:
453:
916:. The first transition camp was created in May 1950 in Jerusalem, and within two years the converted transition camps housed over 220,000 people. Most of
839:, the Jewish Agency prepared thousands of apartments within cities and villages, and in addition ten immigrant camps, among them the immigrant camp near
563:
400:
786:(Jewish immigrants) arriving to Mandatory Palestine and later the independent State of Israel, since early 1947. The tent camps first accommodated
638:
259:
199:
568:
233:
484:
679:
599:
194:
149:
130:
461:
179:
349:
821:
Through 1947 about 750 immigrants per month arrived in
Mandatory Palestine in accordance with the agreement and were detained within
1038:
1077:
553:
436:
1067:
707:
390:
578:
623:
558:
537:
249:
228:
184:
78:
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722:
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405:
218:
985:
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628:
189:
319:
511:
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329:
254:
211:
66:
1030:
844:
690:
643:
359:
976:
One source states that as many as 60% of children in transit camps did not attend school in the 1950s.
36:
864:
836:
429:
324:
223:
822:
787:
583:
573:
339:
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56:
920:
residents were housed in temporary tin dwellings. Over 80% of the transition camp residents were
847:(housing 1,400 immigrants in November), and in immigrant camps at Kiryat Shmuel and near Hadera.
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102:
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73:
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88:
61:
20:
828:
In the first half of 1947 another immigrant camp, named Newe Haim, was established near
1022:
949:
818:
appropriate certificate by a donor, immigrants would be released from detention camps.
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291:
1010:
780:, meant to provide accommodation for the large influx of Jewish refugees and new
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614:
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521:
169:
116:
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860:
840:
804:, where living conditions became better and tin dwellings replaced tents.
121:
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83:
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782:
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547:
385:
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174:
28:
874:
344:
264:
1013:
by Miriam
Kachenski, Israeli Center for Educational Technology
940:—"Ayarat Pitu'ach". Ma'abarot, which became towns, include
835:
With increasing chances for immigration of 100,000 of the
1027:
After Jews and Arabs : remaking
Levantine culture
922:
Jewish refugees from across Arab and Muslim countries
798:. By early 1950, immigrant camps were converted into
897:
Conversion of immigrant camps into transition camps
742:
430:
8:
879:Pardes Hana Immigrant Camp (1 December 1950)
1003:
1001:
1088:1947 establishments in Mandatory Palestine
936:1963. Most of the transition camps became
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735:
448:
437:
423:
15:
401:Demographic history of Palestine (region)
396:History of the Jews in the Land of Israel
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661:
591:
536:
476:
460:
367:
311:
241:
129:
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74:Jews who remained in the Land of Israel
43:
27:
485:History of the Jews under Muslim rule
7:
1063:Populated places established in 1948
1058:Populated places established in 1947
770:
462:Jewish exodus from the Muslim world
350:Ministry of Aliyah and Integration
14:
468:
35:
790:from Europe, and later largely
708:Expulsions and exoduses of Jews
538:Antisemitism in the Arab world
250:Revival of the Hebrew language
79:Homeland for the Jewish people
1:
796:Middle East and North Africa
718:Historical Jewish population
406:Historical Jewish population
986:Operation Ezra and Nehemiah
260:Hebraization of place names
1104:
900:
320:World Zionist Organization
851:immigrant camps next to
778:refugee absorption camps
723:Islamic–Jewish relations
330:Jewish Agency for Israel
255:Hebraization of surnames
1078:Refugee camps in Israel
1031:University of Minnesota
1068:1950 disestablishments
880:
691:The Forgotten Refugees
131:Aliyah in modern times
878:
512:Arab–Israeli conflict
360:Am Yisrael Foundation
207:from the Soviet Union
180:from Muslim countries
1083:Jewish Iraqi history
845:Atlit detention camp
325:Jewish National Fund
837:Holocaust survivors
823:Atlit detainee camp
788:Holocaust survivors
340:Mossad LeAliyah Bet
57:Gathering of Israel
881:
771:×ž×—× ×•×Ş עולים plural
652:Hurum air disaster
234:from Latin America
150:during World War I
938:Development Towns
871:Increasing influx
776:) were temporary
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758:
592:Exodus by country
447:
446:
103:Pre-Modern Aliyah
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1042:
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907:Development Town
772:
751:
744:
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610:Operation Yachin
564:Oujda and Jerada
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299:Development town
282:One Million Plan
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1023:Alcalay, Ammiel
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792:Jewish refugees
763:Immigrant camps
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605:Operation Mural
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391:Jewish refugees
355:Nefesh B'Nefesh
287:Immigrant camps
89:Jewish question
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700:Related topics
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368:Related topics
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112:Return to Zion
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1039:0-8166-2155-1
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962:Migdal HaEmek
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942:Kiryat Shmona
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813:Establishment
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670:Awareness day
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312:Organizations
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277:Youth village
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224:from Ethiopia
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94:Law of Return
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52:Promised Land
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26:
22:
18:
17:
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930:North Africa
910:
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774:Mahanot Olim
773:
762:
760:
689:
615:
569:Tripolitania
546:
411:Yom HaAliyah
335:Youth Aliyah
286:
229:from Romania
1008:(in Hebrew)
950:Beit She'an
926:Middle East
865:Rosh Ha'ain
765:in Israel (
662:Remembrance
527:Six-Day War
522:Suez Crisis
219:from Poland
212:post-Soviet
1052:Categories
992:References
968:Conditions
901:See also:
890:Iraqi Jews
477:Background
242:Absorption
170:Aliyah Bet
117:Old Yishuv
1011:Ma'abarot
958:Or Yehuda
918:ma'abarot
914:ma'abarot
903:Ma'abarot
861:Benyamina
841:Kfar Azar
801:ma'abarot
304:Austerity
292:Ma'abarot
980:See also
853:Ra'anana
648:Tunisia
517:1948 war
490:Sephardi
454:a series
452:Part of
122:Perushim
67:Negation
62:Diaspora
44:Concepts
21:a series
19:Part of
1025:(1993)
954:Yokneam
857:Bet Lid
808:History
639:Lebanon
600:Morocco
584:Tripoli
579:Baghdad
507:Zionism
495:Mizrahi
272:Kibbutz
200:Lebanon
195:Morocco
84:Zionism
1073:Aliyah
1041:. p.40
1037:
946:Sderot
830:Hadera
767:Hebrew
713:Aliyah
675:JIMENA
554:Aleppo
548:Farhud
500:Yemeni
386:Yerida
376:Yishuv
175:Bricha
160:Fourth
145:Second
29:Aliyah
794:from
685:WOJAC
634:Egypt
624:Yemen
574:Cairo
381:Sabra
345:El Al
265:Ulpan
185:Yemen
165:Fifth
155:Third
140:First
1035:ISBN
960:and
928:and
905:and
863:and
783:Olim
761:The
680:JJAC
644:Iran
629:Iraq
616:Egoz
559:Aden
190:Iraq
924:in
1054::
1033:.
1029:.
1000:^
964:.
956:,
952:,
948:,
944:,
932:.
859:,
855:,
769::
456:on
23:on
750:e
743:t
736:v
438:e
431:t
424:v
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