Knowledge (XXG)

Migrant deaths along the Mexico–United States border

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civil suit claimed that the United States government was responsible for wrongful death of Rivera due to the fact that the agent was performing his official duty. Mexico lodged an official protest with the United States over the death stating its "firm condemnation" and "serious concern over the recurrence of this type of incident." The protest demanded an exhaustive investigation. Though the incident was recorded by surveillance cameras, the recording was not very clear.
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later drive Rojas to the border alone at night, soon after Rojas sustained fatal injuries. Since the initial broadcast of "Need to Know", 16 members of congress have demanded a justice department investigation into Anastasio Rojas' death while in Border Patrol's custody, which is currently under way. He leaves behind a wife and five children.
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The impact of migrant deaths on border communities can be difficult for small towns on the U.S. side, which have found themselves with hundreds of remains to identify and bury, at a cost of hundreds of thousands of dollars. In November 2013, the Office of the Medical Examiner in Pima County, Arizona,
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found that, "In the late 1980s, the number of foreign transient deaths usually exceeded 300, and peaked in 1988 at 355. Thereafter, the number of deaths fell to 180 in 1993 and 1994. After 1994 the number of deaths started to increase again, peaking in 2000 at 370. Border Patrol counts for 2001 and
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between 1998 and 2020. In 2005, more than 500 died across the entire U.S.–Mexico border. The number of yearly border crossing deaths doubled from 1995 to 2005, and has since declined and then risen. The statistics reflect only known deaths and do not include estimates for those who have never been
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In January 2006, an eight-year veteran of the Border Patrol, fearful of stones which were being thrown at him shot Guillermo Martinez Rodriguez, a known people smuggler who had been detained 11 times prior. Rodriguez, with a gunshot to the back of his right shoulder, crossed back to Mexico and was
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In January 2007, border patrol agent Nicholas Corbett shot and killed Francisco Javier Domínguez Rivera after the latter tried to smash his head with a rock according to the officer's lawyer. After the agent was acquitted of wrongdoing, a civil suit was filed on behalf of Rivera's parents. This
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illegally. The US Border Patrol reported 251 migrant deaths in the fiscal year 2015 (ending September 30, 2015), which was lower than any year during the period 2000–2014, and reported 247 migrant deaths in fiscal year 2020, lower than any year since 1998. Poverty, gang violence, poor governance,
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and beaten, all the while being surrounded by twelve officers. His pleas for help are clearly audible on the amateur footage. In the hours before Rojas' death, he had tried to file a complaint against a Border Patrol officer for kicking his injured ankle, that officer and another officer would
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in and around a tractor-trailer near Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas. The deaths were reportedly caused by heat exhaustion and asphyxiation during an apparent illegal migrant smuggling attempt across the US-Mexico border. It is described as the deadliest trafficking incident in the
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and beaten at the San Ysidro border crossing by more than a dozen Customs and Border Protection officers. Rojas' death was featured on the PBS News Magazine "Need to Know" in April 2012, in which several civilian eyewitnesses gave their testimony and provided two amateur videos of the event.
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by the name of Sam Holmes noted that there were 500 deaths in the Tucson region just in his second year of field studies. This shows how there was a high number of fatalities in a concentrated geographical area suggesting that the overall total along the U.S. Mexico border was higher.  
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had 871 cases of unidentified remains dating as far back as the 1990s. Relief groups often aid migrants traveling along the border. A Mexican federal task force known as Grupos Betas protects migrants from crime while the migrants make the journey north. Other groups such as '
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in South Texas. The death was reportedly due to heat exposure and dehydration. A 6-year-old Indian girl was also found dead in June 2019, from heat exposure in western Arizona who was abandoned along with a group of migrants by the smugglers in a remote desert location.
331:, "Mexico's Ministry of Foreign Affairs reported 117 cases of human rights abuses by US officials against migrants from 1988 to 1990, including fourteen deaths. During the 1980s, Border Patrol agents shot dozens of people, killing eleven and permanently disabling ten." 361:
In June 2010, a 15-year-old Mexican citizen was shot to death on the Mexican side of the border near El Paso, Texas. The U.S. Border Patrol reported that the officers responded to a group of suspected illegal immigrants who were throwing rocks at them. President
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taken to the Red Cross in Tijuana where he died twenty-five and a half hours later from the injury. Under the Border Patrol's use-of-force guidelines, agents are permitted to employ lethal force against rock throwers if they pose a threat.
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opened an investigation into vigilante killings of migrants crossing Mexico's border with the U.S., dispatching a senior UN investigator to the border country close to where Sam Blackwood, a 74-year-old rancher, was charged with killing
1845: 256:, border agents were made aware of a distress call from the Mexican government concerning a group of six, but were unable to assist them due to the Texas National Guard physically preventing them from doing so under the direction of 534: 46:
etc. are the main factors as to why migrants cross the US border. US Border Patrol recorded 557 southwest border deaths during fiscal year 2021 and 748 in the first 11 months of fiscal year 2022, the most deaths ever recorded.
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The number of dead border crossing migrants per year in Arizona increased from nine in 1990 to 201 in 2005; about 80% of the dead migrants were under 40 during 2000–2005, with an increasing number younger than 18.
297:– in which 21 Mexicans were 'stacked like cordwood' – lost control after crossing a Border Patrol spike strip at high speed. This year the number killed in traffic accidents during illegal crossings is about 50." 2036:"Reducing the Misery at the Border : Immigration: Grupo Beta is an elite Mexican multi-agency force with the task of protecting migrants. It has cut violence and improved relations between U.S. and Mexico" 1691: 84:
has compiled data including deaths on the Mexican side of the border area during the period from 1994 to 2000. The data shows 87 deaths in 1996, 149 in 1997, 329 in 1998, 358 in 1999, and 499 in 2000.
1796: 448:, from where a majority of illegal immigrants who enter the United States through the Southwestern borders come. Foreign consulates across the Southwest United States, in particular those of 411:, an unarmed Mexican he tried to subdue for the border patrol and shot in the back of the thigh, causing him to bleed to death after pursuing him a quarter mile down the road in his truck. 1126: 1440: 2146: 1933: 206:, from 1993 to 1997, as increased border enforcement diverted undocumented migration flows from urban crossing points to more remote areas where the risk of death was higher. 1695: 2141: 373:
from 2012 to 2015, there was at least 3586 gallons of water destroyed in the 800 square mile desert located near Arivaca, Arizona. This implies the intent of indirectly
2067: 253: 908: 828: 471: 172:. As of summer 2006, tighter enforcement in Arizona has likely led to fewer deaths there, but border wide fatalities were approaching the record pace of 2005. 1800: 304:
while fleeing the Border Patrol, after a spike strip punctured a tire. A week after the accident, a third person, Elvia Rumbo Leyva, died in the hospital.
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The United States border with Mexico is one of the world's "most lethal land borders". Hundreds of migrants die per year as they attempt to cross into the
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On May 28, 1994, Martín García Martínez was shot by a Border Patrol agent at the San Ysidro port of entry. He died on July 3 as a result of his injuries.
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The number of deaths of illegal immigrants along the border has increased on a regular, yearly basis since the middle 1990s, particularly in the state of
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is one of the most common causes of migrant border deaths in the U.S. There was a sharp rise in the number of people dying from hypothermia and
2136: 1868: 152:. The crosses represent migrants who have died in crossing attempts. Some who are identified, some not. Surveillance tower in the background. 81: 1917: 1118: 854:"The "Funnel Effect" & Recovered Bodies of Unauthorised Migrants Processed by the Pima County Office of the Medical Examiner, 1990–2005" 2156: 809: 337:
In May 2000, an illegal immigrant was shot in the shoulder by a border patrolman near Brownsville, Texas, and died later from the wounds.
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found the remains of 463 migrants in the U.S., of which 177 were discovered along the section of the border near Tucson, Arizona. The
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criticized the shooting by stating that "the use of firearms to repel attacks with stones represents disproportionate use of force".
420: 2012: 1669: 141: 951: 782: 766: 1948: 1889: 436:' provide migrants with humanitarian assistance and members participate in 'desert runs' to search for migrants in need of help. 1968: 1492: 399:, in the first half of 2000, three immigrants were killed and seven others wounded in showdowns on the U.S. side of the border. 73: 884: 221: 183:
of South Texas reported 150 migrant remains found, a jump from 2011 due to the increased numbers of Central American migrants.
859:. Binational Migration Institute, Mexican American Studies & Research Center at the University of Arizona. Archived from 1184:
Eschbach, Karl; Hagan, Jacqueline; Rodriguez, Nestor; Hernandez-Leon, Ruben; Bailey, Stanley (1999), "Death at the Border",
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On 25 June 2019, seven migrants including a woman and three children were found dead by U.S. Border Patrol Agents near the
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Border Patrol sign in Spanish, in California warning "Caution! Do not expose your life to the elements. It's not worth it!"
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At US border, a surge in migrants young and old: Three questions. (2021, April 14). The Christian Science Monitor, NA.
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The deaths have caused tension between the United States and other countries, particularly Mexico and the countries of
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had died while in custody of US Customs. The girl's family denied she did not have enough food to eat before she died.
289:– the guides leading migrants across the border – try other methods. On August 7, nine migrants died in a crash in the 209:
On July 23, 2017, 10 illegal immigrants died of exposure in a tractor-trailer discovered at a Wal-Mart in San Antonio.
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On February 8, 2007, four gunmen of unknown nationality opened fire on a truck carrying illegal immigrants in the
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between summer 2004 and September 2006. They stated, "With no official record-keeping system, the exact number of
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estimates that since 1994, about 10,000 people have died in their attempt to cross the border. According to the
1208:"Woman, 2 children die crossing Rio Grande as Border Patrol says Texas troops prevented them from intervening" 860: 17: 2161: 1521: 1377: 723:
Death at the Border: The Efficacy and “Unintended” Consequences of U.S. Immigration Control Policy 1993–2000
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found. Some migrant deaths may go unreported even when they are brought to the attention of officials.
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Raquel Rubio-Goldsmith; M. Melissa McCormick; Daniel Martinez; Inez Magdalena Duarte (October 2006).
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Eschbach, Karl; Hagan, Jacqueline; Rodriguez, Nestor; Hernandez-Leon, Ruben; Bailey, Stanley (1999).
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Deaths during illegal migration: trends and policy implications in the new era of homeland security
813: 1991: 1914: 1493:"U.S. official: Mexican shot after illegally crossing American border was known migrant smuggler" 1048: 689: 294: 97: 1462: 1398: 1253: 363: 1405: 2043: 1937: 1189: 1155: 1040: 1032: 697: 648: 257: 241: 827:
Raquel Rubio-Goldsmith; M. Melissa McCormick; Daniel Martinez; Inez Magdalena Duarte (2007).
1548: 1257: 1024: 877: 829:"A Humanitarian Crisis at the Border: New Estimates of Deaths Among Unauthorized Immigrants" 681: 353:
According to the witnesses, he was facedown on the ground and handcuffed while he was being
324: 312: 277: 118: 1188:, vol. 33, no. 2, The Center for Migration Studies of New York, pp. 430–54, 2121:
Graphic showing the number of deaths in 2005 and 2006 for different areas along the border
2096: 1972: 1952: 1921: 1506: 1435: 930: 912: 888: 770: 445: 393: 1013:""Is it worth risking your life?": Ethnography, risk and death on the U.S.–Mexico border" 1846:
7-year-old migrant girl taken into Border Patrol custody dies of dehydration, exhaustion
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In January 2003, two undocumented immigrant passengers died when their truck crashed on
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Human Rights Abuses Along the U.S. Border with Mexico Persist Amid Climate of Impunity
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U.S. Border Patrol reported that 3,417 migrants were rescued in the fiscal year 2017.
2130: 1986: 1965: 1872: 1545: 1235: 1052: 725:. The Center for Comparative Immigration Studies University of California, San Diego. 449: 408: 290: 165:
2002 show a small decrease in the number of deaths in those years compared to 2000."
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who have died along the Arizona stretch of U.S-Mexican border has never been known."
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UN envoy is sent to investigate Rio Grande shootings by posses of vigilante ranchers
1028: 881: 556:"First on CNN: A record number of migrants have died crossing the US-Mexico border" 301: 281:, "...traffic fatalities involving immigrants have more than doubled since 2003 as 272: 199: 58: 1641: 233:
A common cause of immigrant border deaths is drowning in canals, ditches, and the
1890:"Mexico Appeals for UN Help in Halting US Ranch Posses Sport Hunting of Migrants" 1546:"FBI to Investigate Shooting Death of Mexican Immigrant by Border Patrol in U.S." 625:"GAO-06-770 Illegal Immigration: Border-Crossing Deaths Have Doubled Since 1995" 374: 260: 203: 187: 54: 50: 452:
countries, have condemned the deaths of illegal immigrants across the border.
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and other accidental causes. According to a December 2006 cover story in the
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On January 14, 2024, a woman and two children drowned in the Rio Grande near
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On May 28, 2010, Anastasio Rojas, a 42-year-old Mexican migrant worker, was
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freeways over a five-year span in the late 1980s, prompting the creation of
149: 1692:"Deadly patrols: Political climate limits prosecutions in border shootings" 1417: 1193: 1044: 701: 1119:"Death toll from migrants found in truck in Texas reaches 50, Mexico says" 624: 582:
Causes and Trends in Migrant Deaths Along the U.S.–Mexico Border 1985–1998
516: 1212: 1574:"Making sense of filings in legal case against agent who shot immigrant" 598: 380:
On 14 September 2018, US media reported that Jacklyn, a 7-year-old from
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U.S. NEWSGirl who crossed border with dad died in Border Patrol custody
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Close to one hundred undocumented immigrants were struck and killed on
169: 145: 42: 1401: 685: 642:"Unauthorized Border Crosser Death along the Arizona/ Sonora border" 492:"The deaths of 51 people in Texas highlight the perils of migration" 952:"A Big Shift in Migration, and the Importance of Search and Rescue" 1066:
Sanchez, Ray; Chavez, Nicole; Alvarez, Priscilla (June 29, 2022).
647:. Arizona Department of Health Services. June 2007. Archived from 354: 349: 136: 28: 2095:. Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores. 2006-01-05. Archived from 1611:"Relatives bury Mexican migrant shot by Border Patrol in Arizona" 1094:"Seven migrant deaths reported in 'extreme heat' at U.S. border" 1886:
Mexico asks UN for help to stop ranch 'posses' hunting migrants
1774: 1747: 1472: 630:. United States Government Accountability Office. August 2006. 101:
maintained a database daily of border deaths recorded by the
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Significant numbers of undocumented immigrants die daily in
1642:"Border Patrol video camera recorded immigrant's shooting" 1336:"Highway safety sign becomes running story on immigration" 584:. Center for Immigration Research, University of Houston ( 1272:"Fleeing truck driver pleads not guilty in deaths of two" 1236:"Risky Measures by Smugglers Increase Toll on Immigrants" 1797:"Mexican teen shot to death by U.S. Border Patrol agent" 1148:"46 migrants found dead inside tractor-trailer in Texas" 1068:"San Antonio migrant truck deaths: 53 people have died" 735:
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (12 February 2021).
1567: 1565: 984:"Border Security and Migration: A Report from Arizona" 2068:"History and Mission of No More Deaths | Information" 315:
to caution drivers about migrants crossing the road.
2093:"Follow-up to the Guillermo Martínez Rodríguez case" 1588:"Mexico protests death of illegal immigrant in U.S." 1463:"Border Shooting Death Raises U.S.-Mexico Tensions" 1987:"Illegal Immigrants Slain in an Attack in Arizona" 1670:"Mexico anger high as US Border Patrol kills teen" 783:"www.azstarnet.com ® | Border Death Database" 1399:Murder in Arizona . . . It's Only The Third World 1507:"Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores – Gobierno" 810:"Funnel effect blamed for leap in border deaths" 580:Eschbach, K., J. Hagan and N. Rodriguez (2001): 981:Isacson, Adam, Maureen Meyer and Ashley Davis. 2013:"Immigrant deaths surge in South Texas county" 377:migrants cause by U.S. border patrol agents. 252:and the U.S. Border Patrol. According to the 18:Immigrant deaths along the U.S.-Mexico border 8: 1770:"PBS Need to Know, Crossing the Line part 2" 576: 574: 572: 515:United States Government Accounting Office. 2147:History of immigration to the United States 945: 943: 834:. Immigration Policy Center. Archived from 327:, Professor Emeritus of Chicano Studies at 1429:McGirk, Jan; Gumbel, Andrew (2000-05-24). 423:, killing two men and a 15-year-old girl. 904:San Diego Union-Tribune (July 22, 2006): 2142:Illegal immigration to the United States 1117:Garcia, Evan; Buch, Jason (2022-06-28). 924:Apprehensions, Rescues, Deaths 2005–2006 472:Deaths along the Bangladesh–India border 2034:Rotellafirst = Sebastian (1992-03-10). 1522:"Agent cleared in 2005 border shooting" 1304:"Woman says driver was prepared to die" 977: 975: 613:U.S.-Mexico Border: The Season of Death 483: 319:Incidents of Border Patrol use of force 1934:Rancher Convicted in Immigrant's Death 1406:Volume XXIV, Number 24, June 16, 2000 1234:Archibold, Randal C. (9 August 2006). 72:, 8,050 people have died crossing the 1743:"PBS Need to Know, Crossing the Line" 1737: 1735: 1664: 1662: 663: 661: 369:According to the data collected from 7: 2015:. Associated Press. 21 December 2012 529: 527: 525: 467:Deaths along the Syria–Turkey border 1985:Archibold, Randal C. (2007-02-09). 1975:. Associated Press. August 20, 2000 1719:"Calls For Justice In Tasing Death" 1572:Service, Jonathon ShacatWick News. 1206:Romero, Dennis (January 13, 2024). 1166:from the original on June 28, 2022 1129:from the original on June 28, 2022 989:Washington Office on Latin America 957:Washington Office on Latin America 674:The International Migration Review 462:Mexico–United States border crisis 70:U.S. Customs and Border Protection 25: 421:Ironwood Forest National Monument 1884:The Independent (May 20, 2000): 1366:Acuna, Rodolfo F. (2006-04-23). 1334:Berestein, Leslie (2005-04-10). 808:Isabel C. Morales (2007-02-15). 1913:The Independent (24 May 2000): 1368:"A day without immigrants? Yes" 1029:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.05.029 611:PBS Frontline (June 27, 2006): 254:Department of Homeland Security 158:Center for Immigration Research 1520:Marosi, Richard (2008-02-16). 1186:International Migration Review 1011:Holmes, Seth M. (2013-12-01). 225:history of the United States. 222:53 people were discovered dead 82:Secretariat of Foreign Affairs 1: 1302:Soto, Onell R. (2003-07-17). 1017:Social Science & Medicine 536:, accessed 13 September 2022. 2137:History of Mexican Americans 2070:. 2010-06-11. Archived from 1827:www.thedisappearedreport.org 1619:. 2007-01-22. Archived from 1595:. 2007-01-16. Archived from 906:Border deaths on record pace 427:Impact on border communities 293:sector when the driver of a 142:Mexico–United States barrier 2157:Deaths in the United States 2152:Mexico–United States border 1616:The San Diego Union-Tribune 1592:The San Diego Union-Tribune 1461:Kahn, Carrie (2006-01-23). 1416:Human Rights Watch (1995): 1341:The San Diego Union-Tribune 1309:The San Diego Union-Tribune 1277:The San Diego Union-Tribune 935:The San Diego Union-Tribune 880:, Nestor Rodríguez (2003): 721:Wayne A. Cornelius (2001): 329:California State University 177:United States Border Patrol 2178: 1092:Hay, Andrew (2019-06-25). 737:"Migrant Death Mitigation" 599:"About Us – Border Angels" 440:International consequences 61:) were the leading cause. 1270:Roth, Alex (2003-01-15). 1439:. London. Archived from 893:In Defense of the Alien 798:, retrieved 14 May 2006 153: 34: 2099:on September 27, 2007 1468:All Things Considered 1373:Daily News (New York) 895:, Vol. 26, pp. 37–52. 764:Border Death Database 670:"Death at the Border" 313:a highway safety sign 250:Texas Military Forces 162:University of Houston 140: 32: 1944:), August 25, 2001. 533:U.S. Border Patrol, 415:Intentional killings 49:Exposure (including 1964:Pauline Arrillaga: 1402:La Prensa San Diego 814:Dallas Morning News 244:, as a result of a 1992:The New York Times 1971:2005-12-06 at the 1951:2007-06-14 at the 1946:Alternative source 1920:2007-10-01 at the 1803:on 21 January 2013 1240:The New York Times 960:. 11 December 2013 929:2006-11-02 at the 911:2006-10-27 at the 887:2007-02-06 at the 769:2010-01-06 at the 761:Arizona Daily Star 388:Vigilante killings 295:Chevrolet Suburban 220:On June 27, 2022, 154: 98:Arizona Daily Star 35: 2040:Los Angeles Times 1938:Houston Chronicle 1717:FLORIDO, ADRIAN. 1698:on 3 January 2013 1690:Popescu, Roxana. 1526:Los Angeles Times 992:. 5 December 2013 586:Executive Summary 242:Eagle Pass, Texas 181:Rio Grande Valley 144:at the border of 119:medical examiners 74:U.S–Mexico border 16:(Redirected from 2169: 2108: 2107: 2105: 2104: 2089: 2083: 2082: 2080: 2079: 2074:on June 11, 2010 2064: 2058: 2057: 2055: 2054: 2031: 2025: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2009: 2003: 2002: 2000: 1999: 1982: 1976: 1962: 1956: 1930: 1924: 1911: 1905: 1904: 1902: 1901: 1892:. 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1663: 1659: 1647: 1643: 1637: 1634: 1623:on 2012-09-10 1622: 1618: 1617: 1612: 1606: 1603: 1598: 1594: 1593: 1589: 1583: 1580: 1575: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1550: 1547: 1541: 1538: 1527: 1523: 1516: 1513: 1508: 1502: 1499: 1494: 1488: 1485: 1474: 1470: 1469: 1464: 1457: 1454: 1442: 1438: 1437: 1432: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1403: 1400: 1394: 1391: 1380:on 2006-04-24 1379: 1375: 1374: 1369: 1362: 1359: 1348:on 2008-07-24 1347: 1343: 1342: 1337: 1330: 1327: 1316:on 2007-10-31 1315: 1311: 1310: 1305: 1298: 1295: 1284:on 2007-10-31 1283: 1279: 1278: 1273: 1266: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1254:Border Angels 1249: 1246: 1241: 1237: 1230: 1227: 1215: 1214: 1209: 1202: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1180: 1177: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1143: 1140: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1113: 1110: 1099: 1095: 1088: 1085: 1073: 1069: 1062: 1059: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1007: 1004: 991: 990: 985: 978: 976: 972: 959: 958: 953: 946: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 925: 920: 917: 914: 910: 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Index

Immigrant deaths along the U.S.-Mexico border

United States
Mexico
heat stroke
dehydration
hyperthermia
Border Angels
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
U.S–Mexico border
Secretariat of Foreign Affairs
Arizona Daily Star
Pima
Santa Cruz
Cochise
Yuma
medical examiners
illegal entrants

Mexico–United States barrier
Tijuana, Mexico
San Diego, USA
Center for Immigration Research
University of Houston
Arizona
United States Border Patrol
Rio Grande Valley
ethnographer
Hyperthermia
dehydration

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