155:
218:, which would have been one of many during the Yayoi period (Hanihara Kazurō has suggested that the annual immigrant influx to the Japanese Archipelago from the Asian mainland during the Yayoi period ranged from 350 to 3,000). In 2010, a joint study group of historians sponsored by the governments of Japan and South Korea agreed that Gaya had never been militarily colonized by ancient Japan.
205:, who proposed in 1949 that Mimana was a Japanese colony on the Korean Peninsula that existed from the 3rd to the 6th centuries. The theory has lost popularity since the 1970s, largely because of the complete lack of archeological evidence that such a settlement would have produced, the fact that a centralized Japanese state with power projection capability did not exist at that time (the
31:
279:
in the 7th century. In that version, Mimana would refer to Baekje, or some poorly-understood fragment of that state, which fought against Gaya. The fifth theory, which Rurarz describes as a "compromise version of recent young
Japanese and Korean scholars" argues that there never was a Mimana state as
339:
may have been predominantly
Japonic-speaking before Peninsular Japonic was supplanted by Koreanic. This would suggest that, rather than the Japonic speakers crossing the sea from the Japanese Archipelago to occupy a part of the southern Korean Peninsula, the existing Peninsular Japonic speakers were
221:
The old
Japanese interpretation has been disputed by Korean scholars. At first, they simply chose to ignore it, but more recently, their position has been bolstered as continuing archeological excavations on the Korean Peninsula have failed to produce any evidence supporting the hypothesis. Korean
258:
in which horse riders from the Korean
Peninsula are hypothesized to have successfully invaded Japan and to have introduced horses, not native to the islands, to Japan. A third theory has been proposed by the Japanese scholar
334:
from the north when speakers of these languages arrived in the southern Korean
Peninsula, were eventually supplanted or replaced by the Koreanic languages with assimilation over time. Janhunen also suggests that early
253:
should be understood as referring only to the
Japanese Islands and Jingū's conquest a description of a migration to a land in the Japanese Archipelago, not the Korean Peninsula. That is related to the so-called
213:
is describing (or misinterpreting, intentionally or not) an event that had occurred centuries before its composition in which Jingū's conquest is a dramatized and politicized version of her immigration to the
88:." Seth notes that the very existence of Mimana is still disputed.However, the hypothesis that Imna was a Japanese colonial ruling institution is being denied by the historical academia in Korea and Japan.
200:
as a
Japanese return to lands that they had once controlled. That early Japanese view has also been often reproduced in old Western works. One of the main proponents of the theory was the Japanese scholar
222:
historians generally interpret the claim about a
Japanese colony in Korea as nationalistic colonial historiography, which has been accepted by some historians. Korean scholar
779:... there are strong indications that the neighbouring Baekje state (in the southwest) was predominantly Japonic-speaking until it was linguistically Koreanized.
295:
to Japan. That theory suggests Mimana to have been a diplomatic embassy and Jingū's conquest as a dramatization of efforts undertaken to establish that embassy.
233:
Rurarz describes five main theories on Mimana, the first of which was proposed by
Suematsu. A second theory on Mimana was proposed by the North Korean scholar
149:
648:
Pankaj Mohan (2016). "The
Controversy over the Ancient Korean State of Gaya: A Fresh Look at the Korea–Japan History War". In Michael Lewis (ed.).
192:
in the 6th century. That was part of the Japanese imagery for centuries, envisioning Japanese supremacy and cultural superiority over Korea's
884:
820:
757:
730:
694:
667:
611:
578:
515:
480:
406:
374:
81:(c. 1st–5th centuries). As Atkins notes, "The location, expanse, and Japaneseness of Imna/Mimana remain among the most disputed issues in
908:
34:
Southern Korea around the time of the Gaya confederacy. This region has been described as the most likely location of Mimana
263:, who argued that ancient Japanese Wa people might have settled a region in the Korean Peninsula as long ago as around the
197:
170:
The first serious hypothesis on the meaning of Mimana comes from Japanese scholars. Based on their interpretation of
449:
267:
and that the Mimana state was an enclave of that group. A fourth theory was put forward by the South Korean scholar
903:
299:
255:
298:
The topic of Mimana, such as its portrayal in Japanese textbooks, is still one of the controversies affecting
790:
Vovin, Alexander (2013). "From Koguryo to Tamna: Slowly riding to the South with speakers of Proto-Korean".
162:, who, according to legend, conquered a "promised land" that is sometimes interpreted as territories on the
865:
Lee, Chong-sik. "History and politics in Japanese-Korean relations: The textbook controversy and beyond."
202:
215:
651:'History Wars' and Reconciliation in Japan and Korea. The Roles of Historians, Artists and Activists
280:
such, and the term refers to Japanese diplomatic envoys active in the Korean Peninsula in that era.
234:
71:
according to the Korean pronunciation, is the name used primarily in the 8th-century Japanese text
268:
223:
331:
327:
260:
472:
Diplomacy and ideology in Japanese-Korean relations from the fifteenth to the eighteenth Century
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246:
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policy centered on China, and it was also one of the grounds for portraying the 20th-century
655:
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177:
163:
159:
111:
78:
42:
773:
Janhunen, Juha (2010). "RECONSTRUCTING THE LANGUAGE MAP OF PREHISTORICAL NORTHEAST ASIA".
311:
107:
58:
237:, who suggested that Mimana was a political entity from the Korean Peninsula (possibly
154:
85:
897:
596:
315:
241:) that had a colony on the Japanese Islands, somewhere around the modern-day city of
851:
Concerning the Mimana Problem from the Point of View of Japanese History: A Research
398:
A Concise History of Korea: From The Neolithic Period Through The Nineteenth Century
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206:
122:
874:
849:
838:
649:
659:
136:
73:
30:
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127:
553:
Yukiko Ishikawa and Masahiko Takekoshi, "History gap still hard to bridge",
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131:
82:
470:
120:. Much earlier, it is mentioned in a 5th-century Chinese history text, the
172:
116:
336:
276:
272:
50:
876:
State Formation in Korea: Historical and Archaeological Perspectives
17:
366:
Primitive Selves: Koreana in the Japanese Colonial Gaze, 1910–1945
193:
189:
176:, they claimed that Mimana was a Japanese-controlled state on the
153:
77:, likely referring to one of the Korean states of the time of the
29:
686:
The Postwar Developments of Japanese Studies in the United States
858:
Grayson, James H. "Mimana, A Problem in Korean Historiography."
292:
230:, discusses the topic under the section "The Mimana Fallacy."
340:
expelled or assimilated by Koreanic speakers from the north.
271:, who argued that the events present a history of the Korean
275:
state, which was allied with Yamato Japan and whose leaders
330:
languages" (now extinct), while initially co-existing with
114:) is used over 200 times in the 8th-century Japanese text
840:
Mimana kōbō-shi: History of the rise and fall of Mimana
134:
relics, as well as in several Korean texts, including
369:. University of California Press. pp. 114–117.
287:, Yamato Japan could have established an office in
595:
180:that had existed from the time of the legendary
510:. Columbia University Press. pp. 169–170.
97:
8:
643:
641:
639:
401:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 31–32.
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356:
354:
352:
62:
654:. Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 107–124.
629:
627:
625:
623:
322:were spoken in large parts of the southern
27:Placename used in Japanese text Nihon Shoki
573:. Columbia University Press. p. 263.
531:
529:
527:
435:
433:
431:
390:
388:
386:
310:According to several linguists, including
722:Japan and Korea: The Political Dimension
209:), and the more likely possibility that
150:Relations between Kaya and ancient Japan
602:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp.
348:
7:
752:. Infobase Publishing. p. 22.
725:. Hoover Press. pp. 157–159.
570:Korea Between Empires: 1895 - 1919
507:Korea Between Empires: 1895 - 1919
395:Michael J. Seth (1 January 2006).
184:'s conquest in the 3rd century to
25:
363:E. Taylor Atkins (10 July 2010).
746:Mark Peterson (1 January 2009).
719:Chong-Sik Lee (1 January 1985).
130:. It is also used in two Korean
594:Chun-Gil Kim (1 January 2005).
277:fled there after Baekje's fall
1:
469:Kang, Etsuko Hae-Jin (2016).
326:. Vovin suggests that these "
869:2, no. 4 (1983): 69–93
775:Studia Orientalia 108 (2010)
198:Japanese occupation of Korea
188:'s defeat and annexation by
660:10.1057/978-1-137-54103-1_6
925:
879:. Curzon. pp. 38–39.
837:Yasukazu Suematsu (1949).
256:horserider invasion theory
147:
67:), also transliterated as
689:. BRILL. pp. 45–47.
300:Japanese-Korean relations
98:
63:
873:Gina Lee Barnes (2001).
749:A Brief History of Korea
126:, in the chapter on the
862:17, no. 8 (1977): 65-69
683:Helen Hardacre (1998).
811:Joanna Rurarz (2009).
167:
166:and who founded Mimana
102:(pronounced Mimana in
35:
909:Japan–Korea relations
567:André Schmid (2002).
504:André Schmid (2002).
157:
144:Hypotheses on meaning
33:
598:The History of Korea
228:The History of Korea
216:Japanese Archipelago
843:. Ōyashima shuppan.
226:, in his 2005 book
848:In Ho Kim (1973).
792:Korean Linguistics
332:Koreanic languages
328:Peninsular Japonic
168:
36:
886:978-0-7007-1323-3
822:978-83-89899-28-6
759:978-1-4381-2738-5
732:978-0-8179-8183-9
709:Rurarz 2009, p.91
696:978-90-04-10981-0
669:978-1-137-54102-4
633:Rurarz 2009, p.90
613:978-0-313-33296-8
580:978-0-231-50630-4
535:Rurarz 2009, p.89
517:978-0-231-50630-4
482:978-0-312-17370-8
439:Rurarz 2009, p.88
408:978-0-7425-4005-7
376:978-0-520-94768-9
320:Japonic languages
203:Suematsu Yasukazu
16:(Redirected from
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49:: 任那;
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425:.2010-09-04.]
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423:2010年韓日歷史共同研究
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57:;
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306:Linguistics
261:Inoue Hideo
243:Ōyama, Ōita
137:Samguk Sagi
128:State of Wa
74:Nihon Shoki
898:Categories
815:. Dialog.
544:Maher, 40.
491:1073737319
344:References
291:to export
285:Han Yong-u
132:epigraphic
106:, Imna in
83:East Asian
867:East Asia
265:Neolithic
158:Japanese
96:The name
104:Japanese
47:Japanese
251:Nihongi
249:; thus
211:Nihongi
173:Nihongi
117:Nihongi
43:Chinese
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337:Baekje
273:Baekje
108:Korean
59:Korean
51:pinyin
39:Mimana
606:–29.
194:Sadae
190:Silla
55:Rènnà
881:ISBN
817:ISBN
754:ISBN
727:ISBN
691:ISBN
664:ISBN
608:ISBN
575:ISBN
512:ISBN
487:OCLC
477:ISBN
403:ISBN
371:ISBN
314:and
293:iron
289:Gaya
239:Gaya
186:Gaya
69:Imna
45:and
18:Imna
656:doi
245:in
900::
796:15
794:.
777:.
662:.
638:^
622:^
604:27
526:^
485:.
475:.
453:,
430:^
385:^
351:^
318:,
302:.
140:.
99:任那
64:임나
61::
53::
889:.
854:.
825:.
762:.
735:.
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41:(
20:)
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