1236:. The main criteria for designation were "artistic superiority" and "value as historical evidence and wealth of historical associations", but also age was considered in the designation. Designated artworks could be from any of the following categories: painting, sculpture, calligraphy, books and handicrafts; subsequently swords were added. However the law was limited to items held by religious institutions, leaving privately owned articles unprotected. Funds for the restoration of certain works of art and structures were raised from 20,000 yen to 150,000 yen and fines were set for the destruction of Cultural Properties. Owners had to register designated objects with newly created museums, which were granted first option in case of sale. Initially, 44 temple and shrine buildings and 155 relics were thus designated, including the
1419:
1073:
1064:"). In 1871 the government confiscated the lands of temples, which were seen as a symbol of the previous ruling elite, and expropriated the properties of the feudal lords, causing the loss of historic castles and residences. It is estimated that nearly 18,000 temples closed during this time. Another factor that had a big influence on the cultural heritage was the increased industrialization and westernization, which accompanied the restoration and led to the impoverishment of Buddhist and Shinto institutions, the decay of temples and the export of valuable objects.
1631:
1587:
1481:. The Minister of Education can designate Important Cultural Properties as National Treasures if they are of "particularly high value from the standpoint of world culture or outstanding treasures for the Japanese people". All previously designated National Treasures were initially demoted to Important Cultural Properties. Some of them have been again designated as National Treasures since June 9, 1951. Following a decision by the National Diet, properties to be nominated as
599:
216:
30:
1189:
1361:'s Nandaimon gate in 1930, the standards for preservation works were raised. An architect supervised the reconstruction works on-site and extensive restoration reports, including plans, results of surveys, historical sources and documentation of the work done, became the norm. During the 1930s about 70–75 percent of restoration costs came from the national budget, which increased even during the war.
323:
assistance for their administration, restoration, public display and other activities. Conservation work is performed by an item's owner, with financial support available for large expenses. Because many items are made of wood, bark and other flammable materials, they are often extremely susceptible to fires. Owners are therefore given subsidies to install fire and other disaster prevention systems.
1647:
protective authority was transferred to prefectures and designated cities. With the 2004 amendment, a system for
Important Cultural Landscapes was established and Folk Techniques were added to the definition of Folk Cultural Properties. Registered Cultural Properties was extended to include works of fine arts and crafts, Tangible Cultural Properties and Tangible Folk Cultural Properties.
884:
764:
327:
1445:, one of the oldest extant wooden buildings in the world and the first to be protected under the "Ancient Temples and Shrines Preservation Law", caught fire, resulting in the serious damage of valuable 7th century wall paintings. This incident accelerated the reorganisation of cultural property protection and gave rise to the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties
1310:
1462:
Before the enactment of the law, only
Intangible Cultural Properties of especially high value at risk of extinction had been protected. Even by international standards, the 1950 law covered a broad spectrum of properties. The law was the basis for the establishment of the Committee for the Protection of Cultural Properties, a precursor of today's
634:, ancient tombs, sites of palaces, sites of forts or castles, monumental dwelling houses and other sites of high historical or scientific value; gardens, bridges, gorges, mountains, and other places of great scenic beauty; and natural features such as animals, plants, and geological or mineral formations of high scientific value.
459:
371:
425:. Recognition is also given to the 'holders' of the necessary techniques, to encourage their transmission. There are three types of recognition: individual recognition, collective recognition, and group recognition. Special grants of two million yen a year are given to individual holders (the so-called
1389:
was passed on April 1, 1933. It provided for a simpler designation procedure and a temporary protection including export. Under this law, about 8000 objects were protected, including temples, shrines and residential buildings. By 1939, 8282 items in nine categories (painting, sculpture, architecture,
1301:
By 1929 about 1100 properties had been designated under the "Ancient
Shrines and Temples Preservation Law" of 1897. Most of these were religious buildings erected from the 7th to the early 17th century. About 500 buildings had been extensively restored with 90% of costs paid from the national budget.
1184:
and established in 20 articles a system of governmental financial support for the preservation of buildings and the restoration of artworks. It applied to works of architecture and related art of historic uniqueness and exceptional quality (art. 2). Applications for financial support were to be made
968:
entail fewer responsibilities for the owner. Loss, damage, change of ownership and intended changes that affect more than 25 percent of the visible surface need to be announced. On the other side, the owner is eligible for low interest loans for maintenance and repairs, subsidies for an architect and
866:
About 460,000 ruin locations are presently known to exist in Japan. The protective measures taken include restrictions on their excavation. Any investigative excavation and construction work in the vicinity of a known site requires a notification. If preservation of the site is impossible, developers
1461:
which was drafted on May 30, 1950 and came into force on August 29 of the same year. The new law combined the laws of 1919, 1929 and 1933, expanding their scope to cover also
Intangible Cultural Properties, such as performing and applied arts, Folk Cultural Properties and Buried Cultural Properties.
1469:
The regulations implementing the law specified three broad categories of properties: Tangible/Intangible
Cultural Properties and Historic Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty, Natural Monuments". Tangible Cultural Properties were in this context defined as objects of "high artistic or historic value" or
916:
masks, costumes and instruments. The minister of education can designate techniques indispensable for conservation as
Selected Conservation Techniques. Examples of nominated entities in the field of architecture are the Japanese Association for Conservation of Architectural Monuments (for repairs
825:
is a category introduced by a 1975 amendment of the law which mandates the protection of groups of traditional buildings which, together with their environment, form a beautiful scenery. They can be post towns, castle towns, mining towns, merchant quarters, ports, farming or fishing villages, etc.
573:
The government subsidizes projects for the restoration, administration, preservation, utilization, disaster prevention, etc. of
Important Tangible Folk Cultural Properties. In the case of Important Intangible Folk Cultural Properties, public subsidies help local governments and other entities fund
322:
Any alteration to
Important Cultural Properties and National Treasures requires governmental permission and exportation is forbidden, except when authorized. The National Treasury supports the conservation and restoration of these items, and the Commissioner for Cultural Affairs provides technical
1597:
The year 1975 saw two important extensions to the Law for the
Protection of Cultural Properties. The Ancient Capital law was extended to include cities not formerly capitals and two new designations, Preservation District for a Group of Historic Buildings and Important Preservation District for a
1493:
With the 1954 amendment, the three categories were reorganized into four: Tangible
Cultural Properties, Intangible Cultural Properties, Folk Materials (split off from the former Tangible Cultural Properties category), and Monuments (new name for the former Historic Sites, Places of Scenic beauty,
1337:
was passed and came into force on July 1 of the same year. This law replaced the laws from 1897, extending protection to all public and private institutions and private individuals in order to prevent the export or removal of cultural properties. The focus was extended from religious buildings to
744:
As of 1 February 2012, there were 1,667 (60) Historic Sites; 331 (30) Places of Scenic Beauty; and 953 (72) Natural Monuments (including Special Natural Monuments). There were a further 6,195 designations at prefectural and 24,598 at municipal level. A single designation can be classed under more
1272:
At the beginning of the 20th century, modernization transformed the landscape and posed a threat to historic and natural monuments. Societies of prominent men like the "Imperial Ancient Sites Survey Society" or the "Society for the Investigation and Preservation of Historic Sites and Aged Trees"
1613:
The two-tier system of National Treasures and Important Cultural Properties was supplemented with a new class of Registered Cultural Properties meant for items in great need of preservation and use, initially limited to buildings and acting as a waiting list for the list of designated Important
1114:
to compile lists of suitable important buildings and art treasures. However, in the face of radical westernization, these efforts ground to a halt. Starting in 1880, the government allotted funds for the preservation of ancient shrines and temples. By 1894, 539 shrines and temples had received
829:
Municipalities can designate items of particular importance as Preservation Districts for Groups of Traditional Buildings and approve measures to protect them. Items of even higher importance are then designated Important Preservation Districts for Groups of Traditional Buildings by the central
344:
As of 1 February 2012, there were 12,816 Important Cultural Properties (including 1,082 National Treasures), of which approximately one fifth were structures. By class, there were 1,974 (198) paintings; 2,654 (126) sculptures; 2,428 (252) crafts; 1,882 (223) calligraphic works; 739 (60) ancient
1151:
from 1888 to 1897 all over Japan, about 210,000 objects of artistic or historic merit were evaluated and catalogued. The end of the 19th century saw a drastic change in political climate and cultural values: from an enthusiastic adoption of western values to a returned interest in the Japanese
1646:
Since the end of the 20th century, the Agency for Cultural Affairs has been focusing on the designation of structures built between 1868 and 1930 or in underrepresented regions. The agency realized the insufficient supply of raw materials and tools necessary for restoration works. In 1999 the
907:
This form of protection was approved in 1975 (see below) and was made necessary by the disappearance of skilled craftsmen as a result of the industrialization. The techniques protected by the law applied to Tangible and Intangible Cultural Properties and included the mounting of paintings and
791:
are landscapes which have evolved together with the people who inhabit them and with the geocultural features of a region, and which are indispensable to understand the lifestyle of the Japanese. They can be terraced rice fields, mountain villages, waterways and the like. Items of particular
1601:
As a second major change of 1975, the government started to protect not only Tangible or Intangible Cultural Properties, but also Techniques for the Conservation of Cultural properties. This step was made necessary by the disappearance of skilled craftsmen as a result of industrialization.
484:
Folk Cultural Properties are items indispensable to understand the role and influence of tradition in the daily life of the Japanese, such as manners and customs related to food, clothing, work, religion; folk performing arts; and folk techniques used to produce the mentioned Folk Cultural
740:
Alterations to the existing state of a site or activities affecting its preservation require permission from the Commissioner for Cultural Affairs. Financial support for purchasing and conserving designated land and for the utilization of the site is available through local governments.
969:
tax reductions of up to 50 percent. This new protection level is based on notification, guidance, and advice, and aims at voluntary protection of cultural properties by their owners. As of 1 February 2012, there were 8,699 registered structures and 13 registered works of art or craft.
432:
To promote understanding, and therefore the transmission across generations, of these Cultural Properties, exhibitions concerning them are organized. The government through the Japan Arts Council also holds training workshops and other activities to educate future generations of
921:
bark, shingles, thatch) and the Association for the Conservation of Cultural Properties (paintings and lacquering of architectural monuments) In addition to the prestige associated with the nomination, the government provides subsidies for training, courses and documentation.
175:
level. As of 1 February 2012, there were approximately 16,000 nationally designated, 21,000 prefecturally designated, and 86,000 municipally designated properties (one property may include more than one item). Besides the designation system there also exists a "registration
3114:
592:
1494:
Natural Monuments" category). Buried Cultural Properties were introduced as a new category, separate from Tangible Cultural Properties. In addition, a designation system was established for Important Intangible Cultural Properties and Important Tangible Folk Properties.
870:
Any object found under the ground must be given to police, except when its owner is known. The object is then investigated to determine if it qualifies as a Cultural Property. Any Cultural Property whose owner is not known becomes as a rule property of the
1514:
could designate Preservation Districts for Historic Landscapes" or Special Preservation Districts, where the former needed only notification in case of alterations, while the latter required approval. This law was restricted to the ancient capitals of
903:
Techniques for the production of materials necessary for restoration and conservation, and the techniques of restoration and conservation themselves are not Cultural Properties, and are classified as Conservation Techniques for Cultural Properties.
345:
documents; 586 (44) archaeological materials; 167 (3) historical materials; and 2,386 (216) structural designations, including 4,469 (264) individual structures. There were a further 12,251 designations at prefectural and 49,793 at municipal level.
1346:, residences and more recent religious buildings. Many of these structures had been transferred from feudal to private owners following the Meiji restoration. Some of the first residential buildings designated would be the Yoshimura residence in
867:
are required to cover expenses necessary to carry out an excavation, record any data and preserve what is possible. In cases when charging these expenses is not possible, local public organizations carry out the investigation with public funds.
1470:
archaeological materials (or other historic material) of "high scholarly value". Designated buildings were required to be outstanding in design or building technique, have a high historic or scholarly value or be typical of a movement or area.
429:) to help protect these properties. The government also contributes part of the expenses incurred either by the holder of the Intangible Cultural Property during training of his successor, or by a recognized group for public performances.
1466:. It allowed the selection of the most important Cultural Properties, set restrictions on the alteration, repair and export of Cultural Properties and provided measures for the preservation and utilization of such properties.
1185:
to the Ministry of Internal Affairs (art. 1), and the responsibility for restoration or preservation lay in the hand of local officials (art. 3). Restoration works were financed directly from the national coffers (art. 8).
1354:(1944). In addition, the designation National Treasure was applied not only to objects of art but to historical buildings as well. The new law also required permissions for intended alterations of designated properties.
1261:
1570:
was formed as a merger of the Cultural Bureau of the Ministry of Education and the Cultural Properties Protection Commission. At the same time was established the Council for the Protection of Cultural Properties.
1249:
The laws of 1897 are the foundation for today's preservation law. At the time of their enactment only Britain, France, Greece and four other European nations had similar legislation in place. The restoration of
509:
are items such as manners and customs related to food, clothing and housing, occupation, religion, and annual events; folk performing arts; and folk techniques used in connection with the mentioned items.
1662:
1180:(law number 49), which was the first systematic law for the preservation of Japanese historic art and architecture. This law was formulated under the guidance of the architectural historian and architect
84:
1690:
Not all Cultural Properties of Japan were created in Japan; some are from China, Korea or other countries. See for example the letter from Duarte de Menezez to Toyotomi Hideyoshi, pictured above, a
577:
As of 1 February 2012, there were 211 Important Tangible and 272 Important Intangible Folk Cultural Properties and a further 733/1595 designations at prefectural and 4,698/6,062 at municipal level.
749:
in Tokyo are classed as a Special Place of Scenic Beauty, with a secondary classification as a Special Historic Site; for the purpose of these counts it would be a Special Place of Scenic Beauty).
2971:
364:
1260:
from 1906 to 1913 was carried out under these laws. In 1914 the administration of cultural properties was transferred from the Ministry of Internal Affairs to the Ministry of Education (today's
1598:
Group of Historic Buildings, were created for especially important districts. As of January 16, 2010, there are 86 preservation districts, many of which are located in remote regions.
2945:
2845:
3333:
3035:
474:
1502:
Particularly in the 1960s, the spectrum of protected buildings was expanded to include early examples of western architecture. Around the same time, concepts for conserving the
1373:. In order to prevent art objects that had not been designated from being exported due to the economic crisis, the Law Regarding the Preservation of Important Works of Fine Arts
3030:
2966:
478:
360:
1418:
276:, ancient documents, archaeological materials, historic materials and other such items. All objects which are not structures are termed "works of fine arts and crafts".
132:
under which selected important items are designated as Cultural Properties, which imposes restrictions on the alteration, repair, and export of such designated objects.
2961:
795:
As of 1 February 2012, 30 areas in Japan have been designated Important Cultural Landscapes, with a further 7 designations at prefectural and 101 at municipal level.
3246:
898:
116:
837:
As of 1 February 2012, 93 Groups of Traditional Buildings have been nationally designated, with a further 1 designation at prefectural and 89 at municipal level.
513:
Clothes, tools and implements, houses and other objects used together with Intangible Folk Cultural Properties are classified as Tangible Folk Cultural Properties
2760:. Butterworth-Heinemann series in conservation and museology, Conservation and Museology Series (illustrated, reprint ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
2691:
Edwards, Walter (2005). "Japanese Archaeology and Cultural Properties Management: Prewar Ideology and Postwar Legacies". In Robertson, Jennifer Ellen (ed.).
2600:
1009:, thereby gaining a moderate level of protection based on notification and guidance. As of 1 February 2012, 61 monuments were registered under this system.
2838:
450:
As of 1 February 2012, there were 115 Important Intangible Cultural Properties and a further 167 designations at prefectural and 522 at municipal level.
1694:
originating in India. In total, some 857 Important Cultural Properties are Chinese in origin, 96 from Korea, 27 from the West, and three from elsewhere.
3124:
1397:
many of the designated buildings were camouflaged, and water tanks and fire walls installed for their protection. 206 designated buildings, including
1390:
documents, books, calligraphy, swords, crafts and archaeological resources) had been designated National Treasures and were forbidden to be exported.
917:
and woodwork), the National Association for the Preservation of Roofing Techniques for Shrines and Temples (techniques for organic roofing materials:
3276:
1667:
1825:
384:
354:
92:
280:
1696:
3318:
2831:
2174:
1277:
for conservation measures. Eventually, this led to the 1919 Historical Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty, and Natural Monuments Preservation Law
834:
then provides guidance, advice, and funds for repairs and other work. Additional support is given in the form of preferential tax treatment.
232:
225:
203:
88:
2940:
2926:
1657:
209:
2907:
2023:
194:
The Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties 1950 classifies items designated as Cultural Properties in the following categories:
3323:
2891:
2886:
2867:
1672:
426:
987:. There is no equivalent system for Intangible Folk Cultural Properties. As of 1 February 2012, there were 21 registered properties.
2990:
2809:
2786:
2765:
2744:
2723:
2702:
2675:
2049:
1900:
3260:
3119:
2377:
1980:
119:
are also protected. Together these cultural properties are to be preserved and utilized as the heritage of the Japanese people.
3227:
3211:
3206:
3192:
2625:
1929:
804:
108:
1200:
This first law was followed by a second law on December 15, 1897 giving supplementary provisions for designating works of art
534:
Folk Cultural Properties can then, if they satisfy certain criteria, be designated Important Tangible Folk Cultural Properties
2697:. Blackwell Companions to Social and Cultural Anthropology (illustrated ed.). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 36–49.
1293:, giving the same protection and cataloging to these properties as temples, shrines and pieces of art had received in 1897.
1256:
133:
758:
112:
104:
122:
To protect Japan's cultural heritage, the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties contains a "designation system"
3098:
2636:
2170:
2053:
1984:
1940:
1907:
1832:
1691:
1567:
1463:
890:
831:
301:
80:
2544:
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Compared to designated Important Cultural Properties and National Treasures, Registered Tangible Cultural Properties
3328:
3173:
3157:
3143:
591:
For a list of all "Special Places of Scenic Beauty", "Special Historic Sites" and "Special Natural Monuments", see
1115:
subsidies for repairs and reconstruction Buildings that were repaired during this period include the five-storied
977:
Items particularly in need of preservation and utilization can become Registered Tangible Folk Cultural Properties
2881:
2604:
1107:
257:
2513:
1586:
50:, an element of Japanese architecture which stands for the continuity in time of cultural property protection.
1511:
1406:
1274:
163:
29:
1156:
and the first books on architectural history were published, stimulated by the newly compiled inventories.
17:
1836:
279:
Items designated Tangible Cultural Properties can then, if they satisfy certain criteria, be designated
1086:) issued a decree for the protection of antiquities, the Plan for the Preservation of Ancient Artifacts
404:
are cultural products of high historical or artistic value such as drama, music, and craft techniques.
1103:
918:
909:
872:
273:
269:
150:
1700:
1482:
330:
76:
2739:. Rutgers series on the public life of the arts (illustrated ed.). Rutgers University Press.
2378:"The Machizukuri bottom-up approach to conservation of historic communities: lessons for Thailand"
2199:
2189:
637:
The government designates "significant" items classifying them in three categories: Historic Sites
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3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3054:
1566:
In 1968 the planning authority was decentralized and power transferred to local governments. The
1516:
1428:
1410:, designated as National Treasure in 1938, was destroyed in 1945 by fire as a result of the war.
1035:
586:
378:
265:
100:
1614:
Cultural Properties. A large number of mainly industrial and historic residential from the late
1072:
687:. Items of particularly high significance receive higher classifications: Special Historic Sites
598:
215:
2805:
2782:
2761:
2740:
2719:
2698:
2671:
2120:
1503:
1343:
1144:
1130:
1076:
1039:
746:
261:
3115:
List of Special Places of Scenic Beauty, Special Historic Sites and Special Natural Monuments
1826:"Cultural Properties for Future Generations: Outline of the Cultural Administration of Japan"
593:
List of Special Places of Scenic Beauty, Special Historic Sites and Special Natural Monuments
2388:
2027:
1398:
1370:
1148:
1052:
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are Cultural Properties, such as tombs, caves, and ruins, which are buried into the ground.
407:
Items of particular importance can be designated as Important Intangible Cultural Properties
2112:
1548:
1339:
1043:
338:
2057:
1619:
1544:
1520:
1181:
1911:
1188:
1164:
On June 5, 1897, the government enacted the Ancient Temples and Shrines Preservation Law
2550:
2519:
1635:
1630:
1591:
1442:
1402:
1243:
1111:
1061:
1050:, a large number of Buddhist buildings and artwork were destroyed in an event known as
466:
253:
2796:
Yoshida, Kanehiko; Hiroshi Tsukishima; Harumichi Ishizuka; Masayuki Tsukimoto (2001).
2392:
1988:
1473:
A two tier system for Tangible Cultural Properties was established with the gradings:
1268:
1919 Historical Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty, and Natural Monuments Preservation Law
3312:
1560:
1556:
1536:
1140:
1023:
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than one of these categories; the number is for primary classification (for instance
219:
2640:
1944:
1766:
1639:
1394:
1314:
1309:
1303:
1031:
996:
950:, which guarantees a more modest level of protection. The existing categories are:
1528:
603:
462:
2776:
2755:
2734:
2713:
2692:
2661:
2603:. Tokyo: Tokyo National Research Institute of Cultural Properties. Archived from
574:
projects to train successors, restore or acquire props, tools and other objects.
2801:
1756:
The number between brackets represents National Treasures, included in the total
1552:
1540:
1358:
1251:
1083:
2823:
1220:; religious architecture could be designated as "Specially Protected Buildings"
883:
469:
festival was designated an Important Intangible Folk Cultural Property in 1980.
252:
are cultural products of high historical or artistic value whether structures (
1615:
1524:
1153:
768:
763:
326:
2124:
3228:
List of Important Preservation Districts for Groups of Traditional Buildings
2667:
1193:
334:
1437:
1424:
1238:
1135:
1125:
999:
onward which require preservation can be registered as Registered Monuments
2554:
1120:
1057:
1022:
Most cultural properties in Japan used to belong to Buddhist temples and
36:
1027:
887:
439:
488:
Folk Cultural Properties can be classified as Intangible or Tangible.
359:
For lists of holders of Important Intangible Cultural Properties, see
2523:
2206:
2185:
1116:
1047:
631:
444:
96:
3207:
Important Preservation Districts for Groups of Traditional Buildings
1638:
is the only National Treasure in the category of modern residences (
1082:
On recommendation of universities, in 1871 the Department of State (
2736:
Who owns the past?: cultural policy, cultural property, and the law
1365:
1933 Law Regarding the Preservation of Important Works of Fine Arts
1629:
1585:
1532:
1417:
1351:
1347:
1308:
1187:
1071:
882:
762:
607:
597:
458:
457:
369:
325:
214:
137:
3014:
477:. For a list of Important Tangible Folk Cultural Properties, see
473:
For a list of Important Intangible Folk Cultural Properties, see
2601:"Policy and System of Urban / Territorial Conservation in Japan"
1663:
Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities)
1046:
and of the anti-Buddhist movements that advocated the return to
3293:
3244:
3190:
3141:
3052:
2988:
2924:
2865:
2827:
2718:(illustrated ed.). Stuttgart/London: Edition Axel Menges.
1422:
Letter from Duarte de Menezes, viceroy of Portuguese India, to
792:
importance can be designated as Important Cultural Landscapes.
370:
1152:
cultural heritage. Japanese architectural history appeared on
1038:
was replaced by a new system of government with the so-called
913:
434:
374:
85:
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
2972:
List of Living National Treasures of Japan (performing arts)
365:
List of Living National Treasures of Japan (performing arts)
186:, which guarantees a lower level of protection and support.
3212:
Preservation Districts for Groups of Traditional Buildings
1414:
Present 1950 Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties
1401:, were destroyed from May to August 1945. The 9th century
2633:
Administration of Cultural Affairs in Japan ― Fiscal 2009
2182:
Administration of Cultural Affairs in Japan ― Fiscal 2009
2024:"Counts of prefectural and municipal Cultural Properties"
1937:
Administration of Cultural Affairs in Japan ― Fiscal 2009
33:
The Protection of Cultural Properties logo represents a
2778:
Nationalisms of Japan: managing and mystifying identity
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2480:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
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Preservation District for a Group of Historic Buildings
2946:
Preservers of Important Intangible Cultural Properties
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Techniques for the conservation of cultural properties
3036:
List of Important Intangible Folk Cultural Properties
1930:"Preservation and Utilization of Cultural Properties"
1901:"Preservation and Utilization of Cultural Properties"
475:
List of Important Intangible Folk Cultural Properties
2715:
Hozon: architectural and urban conservation in Japan
2712:
Enders, Siegfried R. C. T.; Gutschow, Niels (1998).
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
1563:, places with a large number of National Treasures.
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3199:
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3031:
List of Important Tangible Folk Cultural Properties
3023:
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2967:
List of Living National Treasures of Japan (crafts)
2954:
2933:
2900:
2874:
1068:
1871 Plan for the Preservation of Ancient Artifacts
479:
List of Important Tangible Folk Cultural Properties
361:
List of Living National Treasures of Japan (crafts)
1697:"文化庁 | 文化財 | 文化財の紹介 | 有形文化財（美術工芸品）"
1013:History of the preservation of cultural properties
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2308:
2306:
1498:1966 Law for the Preservation of Ancient Capitals
1485:are required to be protected under the 1950 law.
1160:1897 Ancient Temples and Shrines Preservation Law
2962:List of Important Intangible Cultural Properties
1769:", shrines had received annual funds since 1874.
1321:In 1929, the National Treasures Preservation Law
552:or Important Intangible Folk Cultural Properties
3295:
3247:Conservation Techniques for Cultural Properties
2575:
2573:
2571:
1454:
1382:
1330:
1286:
1229:
1213:
1173:
1095:
899:Conservation Techniques for Cultural Properties
879:Conservation Techniques for Cultural Properties
854:
818:
784:
730:
714:
696:
680:
664:
646:
623:
561:
543:
522:
500:
416:
395:
312:
291:
243:
222:'s keep, designated a National Treasure in 1951
66:
34:
2488:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2276:
2274:
2265:
2150:
2089:
1740:
1656:For lists of National Treasures of Japan, see
1448:
1384:jūyō bijutsuhin tōno hozon ni kan suru hōritsu
1376:
1324:
1280:
1223:
1207:
1167:
1089:
1002:
980:
961:
943:
933:
848:
812:
778:
771:near Kyoto is an Important Cultural Landscape.
724:
708:
690:
674:
658:
640:
617:
610:is a designated Special Place of Scenic Beauty
555:
537:
516:
494:
410:
389:
306:
285:
237:
208:For lists of National Treasures of Japan, see
179:
168:
155:
142:
125:
60:
43:
3010:Important Intangible Folk Cultural Properties
2839:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
1590:Bronze water container, formerly property of
1306:often employed new materials and techniques.
912:and wooden sculptures, and the production of
8:
3334:Japanese cultural heritage protection system
3015:Registered Tangible Folk Cultural Properties
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1508:Law for the Preservation of Ancient Capitals
1143:. In a survey carried out under guidance of
1042:. Largely because of the official policy of
973:Registered Tangible Folk Cultural Properties
926:Categories of registered Cultural Properties
190:Categories of designated Cultural Properties
3005:Important Tangible Folk Cultural Properties
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1369:In the early 1930s Japan suffered from the
18:Important Tangible Folk Cultural Properties
3290:
3241:
3187:
3138:
3049:
2985:
2921:
2862:
2846:
2832:
2824:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1721:For the purpose of this article, the term
1034:came to an abrupt end in 1867/68 when the
1026:, or were handed down in aristocratic and
3125:Lists of Places of Scenic Beauty of Japan
2626:"Foundations for Cultural Administration"
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2434:
2413:
2356:
2312:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
1765:In connection with the establishment of "
1273:lobbied and achieved a resolution in the
99:properties both tangible and intangible;
3277:List of Selected Conservation Techniques
2941:Important Intangible Cultural Properties
2694:A companion to the anthropology of Japan
1981:"Counts of national Cultural Properties"
1668:Philippine Registry of Cultural Property
1297:1929 National Treasures Preservation Law
95:(performing arts and craft techniques);
91:(structures and works of art or craft);
28:
2892:Registered Tangible Cultural Properties
2757:A history of architectural conservation
2579:
2500:
2376:Issarathumnoon, Wimonrart (2003–2004).
2331:
2280:
1780:
1683:
1288:shiseki meishō tennenkinenbutsu hozonhō
1202:in the possession of temples or shrines
954:Registered Tangible Cultural Properties
355:Intangible Cultural Properties of Japan
2451:
2297:
2111:Mackay-Smith, Alexander (2000-04-29).
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1734:The term is often shortened into just
940:, there exists a "registration system"
930:Besides the above "designation system"
908:calligraphy on scrolls, the repair of
281:Important Cultural Properties of Japan
3174:List of Important Cultural Landscapes
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
204:Tangible Cultural Properties of Japan
7:
2781:. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
2200:"Advisory Body Evaluation Himeji-jo"
1658:Lists of National Treasures of Japan
210:Lists of National Treasures of Japan
2908:Lists of National Treasures (Japan)
2663:Architecture and authority in Japan
2660:Coaldrake, William Howard (2002) .
2184:. Asia/Pacific Cultural Centre for
1622:were registered under this system.
630:include historic locations such as
491:Intangible Folk Cultural Properties
1673:Tangible Cultural Property (Japan)
1350:(1937) and the Ogawa residence in
260:, other buildings), works of art (
25:
2113:"Mission to preserve and protect"
1987:. 1 February 2012. Archived from
1357:Starting with the restoration of
1044:separation of Shinto and Buddhism
705:, Special Places of Scenic Beauty
3261:Selected Conservation Techniques
3120:Lists of Historic Sites of Japan
1835:. 1 October 2010. Archived from
3193:Groups of Traditional Buildings
3074:Special Places of Scenic Beauty
809:Groups of Traditional Buildings
805:Groups of Traditional Buildings
799:Groups of Traditional Buildings
721:, and Special Natural Monuments
319:for especially valuable items.
109:groups of traditional buildings
2927:Intangible Cultural Properties
2175:"Intangible Cultural Heritage"
1910:. 1 April 2011. Archived from
1608:Registered Cultural Properties
385:Intangible Cultural Properties
349:Intangible Cultural Properties
103:historic, scenic and natural;
1:
3158:Important Cultural Landscapes
2887:Important Cultural Properties
830:government. The government's
3319:Cultural Properties of Japan
2868:Tangible Cultural Properties
2855:Cultural Properties of Japan
2026:. 1 May 2010. Archived from
759:Cultural Landscapes of Japan
233:Tangible Cultural Properties
198:Tangible Cultural Properties
2639:. 2003–2004. Archived from
2637:Agency for Cultural Affairs
2171:Agency for Cultural Affairs
2054:Agency for Cultural Affairs
1985:Agency for Cultural Affairs
1941:Agency for Cultural Affairs
1908:Agency for Cultural Affairs
1833:Agency for Cultural Affairs
1568:Agency for Cultural Affairs
1475:Important Cultural Property
1464:Agency for Cultural Affairs
1455:
1383:
1331:
1287:
1230:
1214:
1174:
1096:
855:
832:Agency for Cultural Affairs
819:
785:
732:tokubetsu tennen kinenbutsu
731:
715:
697:
681:
665:
647:
624:
563:jūyō mukei minzoku bunkazai
562:
545:jūyō yūkei minzoku bunkazai
544:
523:
501:
417:
396:
313:
292:
244:
81:Agency for Cultural Affairs
67:
35:
3350:
3296:Buried Cultural Properties
3062:Designations/Registrations
2998:Designations/Registrations
2875:Designations/Registrations
2775:McVeigh, Brian J. (2004).
2754:Jokilehto, Jukka (2002) .
2733:Gibbon, Kate Fitz (2005).
2489:Enders & Gutschow 1998
2266:Enders & Gutschow 1998
2151:Enders & Gutschow 1998
2119:. Tokyo: Japan Times Ltd.
2090:Enders & Gutschow 1998
1725:is an official designation
896:
845:Buried Cultural Properties
841:Buried Cultural Properties
802:
756:
590:
584:
472:
358:
352:
226:UNESCO World Heritage Site
207:
201:
3324:Cultural history of Japan
3289:
3240:
3186:
3137:
3079:Special Natural Monuments
3048:
2984:
2920:
2861:
1741:
1506:were developed. With the
1449:
1435:On January 26, 1949, the
1377:
1325:
1281:
1231:tokubetsu hogo kenzōbutsu
1224:
1208:
1168:
1090:
1003:
981:
962:
944:
934:
849:
813:
779:
725:
709:
691:
675:
659:
655:, Places of Scenic Beauty
641:
618:
556:
538:
517:
495:
427:National Living Treasures
411:
390:
307:
286:
238:
180:
169:
156:
143:
126:
61:
44:
2991:Folk Cultural Properties
2545:
2514:
1626:1999 and 2004 amendments
1313:This bronze mirror is a
1302:Restorations during the
893:is a protected technique
820:Dentōteki kenzōbutsu-gun
454:Folk Cultural Properties
3089:Places of Scenic Beauty
1097:koki kyūbutsu hozonkata
671:, and Natural Monuments
117:conservation techniques
75:is administered by the
3069:Special Historic Sites
2599:Nobuko, Inaba (1998).
2188:(ACCU). Archived from
1943:. 2009. Archived from
1643:
1594:
1432:
1318:
1204:as "National Treasure"
1197:
1079:
894:
772:
611:
524:yūkei minzoku bunkazai
502:mukei minzoku bunkazai
470:
381:
341:
229:
51:
2385:The Nippon Foundation
1950:on November 10, 2007.
1633:
1589:
1431:, a National Treasure
1421:
1312:
1191:
1075:
886:
766:
601:
461:
373:
329:
218:
93:intangible properties
32:
3099:Registered Monuments
2666:. London, New York:
2387:. Urban Design Lab,
1991:on 18 September 2007
1056:(literally "abolish
991:Registered Monuments
3144:Cultural Landscapes
2804:: Tōkyōdō Shuppan.
2060:on 23 December 2019
1917:on January 19, 2012
1723:Cultural Properties
1483:World Heritage Site
995:Monuments from the
775:Cultural Landscapes
753:Cultural Landscapes
418:jūyō mukei bunkazai
331:Uda Mikumari Shrine
105:cultural landscapes
89:tangible properties
77:Japanese government
2882:National Treasures
1644:
1595:
1433:
1429:Toyotomi Hideyoshi
1319:
1317:National Treasure.
1198:
1080:
1036:Tokugawa shogunate
895:
891:woodblock printing
773:
612:
587:Monuments of Japan
471:
382:
379:Itsukushima Shrine
342:
302:National Treasures
274:calligraphic works
230:
52:
3329:Cultural heritage
3306:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3285:
3284:
3236:
3235:
3182:
3181:
3133:
3132:
3094:Natural Monuments
3044:
3043:
2980:
2979:
2916:
2915:
1842:on 13 August 2011
1692:National Treasure
1575:1975 amendments:
1504:built environment
1479:National Treasure
1407:Tōdaiji Fujumonkō
1040:Meiji Restoration
747:Hamarikyū Gardens
698:tokubetsu shiseki
682:tennen kinenbutsu
113:Buried properties
56:Cultural Property
16:(Redirected from
3341:
3291:
3242:
3188:
3139:
3050:
2986:
2922:
2863:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2825:
2815:
2792:
2771:
2750:
2729:
2708:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2630:
2622:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2596:
2583:
2577:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2553:. Archived from
2541:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2522:. Archived from
2510:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2455:
2449:
2438:
2432:
2417:
2411:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2391:. Archived from
2389:Tokyo University
2382:
2373:
2360:
2354:
2335:
2329:
2316:
2310:
2301:
2295:
2284:
2278:
2269:
2263:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2204:
2196:
2195:on May 24, 2011.
2194:
2179:
2167:
2154:
2148:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2108:
2093:
2087:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2056:. Archived from
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2030:on 12 April 2008
2020:
2001:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1977:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1934:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1916:
1905:
1897:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1841:
1830:
1822:
1770:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1732:
1726:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1703:on June 25, 2012
1699:. Archived from
1688:
1606:1996 amendment:
1460:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1399:Hiroshima Castle
1388:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1371:Great Depression
1336:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1292:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1235:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1219:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1192:The Hiunkaku at
1179:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1149:Ernest Fenollosa
1101:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1053:haibutsu kishaku
1008:
1006:
1005:
986:
984:
983:
967:
965:
964:
949:
947:
946:
939:
937:
936:
862:
861:
858:
852:
851:
824:
822:
816:
815:
790:
788:
786:bunkateki keikan
782:
781:
736:
734:
728:
727:
720:
718:
716:tokubetsu meishō
712:
711:
704:
703:
700:
694:
693:
686:
684:
678:
677:
670:
668:
662:
661:
654:
653:
650:
644:
643:
629:
627:
621:
620:
569:
568:
565:
559:
558:
551:
550:
547:
541:
540:
530:
529:
526:
520:
519:
508:
507:
504:
498:
497:
424:
423:
420:
414:
413:
403:
402:
399:
393:
392:
318:
316:
310:
309:
299:
298:
295:
289:
288:
251:
250:
247:
241:
240:
185:
183:
182:
174:
172:
171:
161:
159:
158:
148:
146:
145:
131:
129:
128:
87:), and includes
74:
73:
70:
64:
63:
49:
47:
46:
40:
21:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3309:
3308:
3307:
3298:
3281:
3265:
3249:
3232:
3216:
3195:
3178:
3162:
3146:
3129:
3103:
3057:
3040:
3019:
2993:
2976:
2950:
2929:
2912:
2896:
2870:
2857:
2852:
2822:
2812:
2800:(in Japanese).
2795:
2789:
2774:
2768:
2753:
2747:
2732:
2726:
2711:
2705:
2690:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2659:
2656:
2651:
2643:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2619:
2610:
2608:
2598:
2597:
2586:
2578:
2569:
2560:
2558:
2549:(in Japanese).
2547:
2543:
2542:
2538:
2529:
2527:
2518:(in Japanese).
2516:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2499:
2495:
2487:
2458:
2450:
2441:
2433:
2420:
2412:
2403:
2395:
2380:
2375:
2374:
2363:
2355:
2338:
2330:
2319:
2311:
2304:
2296:
2287:
2279:
2272:
2264:
2221:
2212:
2210:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2177:
2169:
2168:
2157:
2149:
2138:
2129:
2127:
2110:
2109:
2096:
2088:
2073:
2063:
2061:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2022:
2021:
2004:
1994:
1992:
1979:
1978:
1955:
1947:
1932:
1928:
1927:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1903:
1899:
1898:
1855:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1720:
1716:
1706:
1704:
1695:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1653:
1628:
1611:
1584:
1510:from 1966, the
1500:
1491:
1456:bunkazai hogohō
1446:
1416:
1378:重要美術品等ノ保存ニ関スル法律
1374:
1367:
1322:
1299:
1278:
1270:
1221:
1205:
1194:Nishi Hongan-ji
1175:koshaji hozonhō
1165:
1162:
1087:
1070:
1020:
1015:
1000:
993:
978:
975:
959:
956:
941:
931:
928:
901:
881:
859:
846:
843:
810:
807:
801:
776:
761:
755:
722:
706:
701:
688:
672:
656:
651:
638:
615:
596:
589:
583:
566:
553:
548:
535:
527:
514:
505:
492:
482:
456:
421:
408:
400:
387:
377:performance at
368:
357:
351:
304:
296:
283:
248:
235:
223:
213:
206:
200:
192:
177:
166:
153:
140:
136:can occur at a
123:
71:
58:
41:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3347:
3345:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3311:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3294:
3287:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3230:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3191:
3184:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3084:Historic Sites
3081:
3076:
3071:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3027:
3025:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2982:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2866:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2851:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2828:
2821:
2820:External links
2818:
2817:
2816:
2810:
2798:Kuntengo Jiten
2793:
2787:
2772:
2766:
2751:
2745:
2730:
2724:
2709:
2703:
2688:
2676:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2649:
2646:on 2007-11-10.
2617:
2584:
2567:
2536:
2505:
2493:
2456:
2439:
2435:Jokilehto 2002
2418:
2414:Coaldrake 2002
2401:
2398:on 2011-07-22.
2361:
2357:Coaldrake 2002
2336:
2317:
2313:Jokilehto 2002
2302:
2285:
2270:
2219:
2155:
2136:
2094:
2071:
2041:
2002:
1953:
1853:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1758:
1749:
1727:
1714:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1652:
1649:
1636:Akasaka Palace
1627:
1624:
1610:
1604:
1583:
1573:
1512:Prime Minister
1499:
1496:
1490:
1489:1954 amendment
1487:
1415:
1412:
1366:
1363:
1332:kokuhō hozonhō
1298:
1295:
1275:House of Peers
1269:
1266:
1161:
1158:
1145:Okakura Kakuzō
1077:Okakura Kakuzō
1069:
1066:
1024:Shinto shrines
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
992:
989:
974:
971:
955:
952:
927:
924:
897:Main article:
880:
877:
856:maizō bunkazai
842:
839:
803:Main article:
800:
797:
757:Main article:
754:
751:
737:respectively.
602:The garden of
585:Main article:
582:
579:
467:Karatsu Kunchi
455:
452:
397:mukei bunkazai
353:Main article:
350:
347:
245:yūkei bunkazai
202:Main article:
199:
196:
191:
188:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3346:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3297:
3292:
3288:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3268:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3243:
3239:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3198:
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3189:
3185:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
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3159:
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3149:
3145:
3140:
3136:
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3037:
3034:
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3029:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2987:
2983:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2947:
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2942:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2849:
2844:
2842:
2837:
2835:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2819:
2813:
2811:4-490-10570-3
2807:
2803:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2788:0-7425-2455-8
2784:
2780:
2779:
2773:
2769:
2767:0-7506-5511-9
2763:
2759:
2758:
2752:
2748:
2746:0-8135-3687-1
2742:
2738:
2737:
2731:
2727:
2725:3-930698-98-6
2721:
2717:
2716:
2710:
2706:
2704:0-631-22955-8
2700:
2696:
2695:
2689:
2679:
2677:0-415-05754-X
2673:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2607:on 2009-10-05
2606:
2602:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2582:, p. 171
2581:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2557:on 2010-01-11
2556:
2552:
2548:
2540:
2537:
2526:on 2010-01-11
2525:
2521:
2517:
2509:
2506:
2503:, p. 135
2502:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2454:, p. 332
2453:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2437:, p. 280
2436:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2416:, p. 249
2415:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2359:, p. 248
2358:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2315:, p. 279
2314:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2300:, p. 331
2299:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2208:
2201:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2029:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1931:
1913:
1909:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1821:
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1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1648:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1609:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1588:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1539:(present day
1538:
1537:Asuka, Yamato
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1497:
1495:
1488:
1486:
1484:
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1471:
1467:
1465:
1457:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1420:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1403:Buddhist text
1400:
1396:
1391:
1385:
1372:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1333:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1296:
1294:
1289:
1276:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1232:
1216:
1203:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1176:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1141:Kiyomizu-dera
1138:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1098:
1085:
1078:
1074:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1012:
1010:
998:
990:
988:
972:
970:
953:
951:
925:
923:
920:
915:
911:
905:
900:
892:
889:
885:
878:
876:
874:
868:
864:
857:
840:
838:
835:
833:
827:
821:
806:
798:
796:
793:
787:
770:
765:
760:
752:
750:
748:
742:
738:
733:
717:
699:
683:
667:
649:
635:
633:
626:
609:
605:
600:
594:
588:
580:
578:
575:
571:
564:
546:
532:
525:
511:
503:
489:
486:
480:
476:
468:
464:
460:
453:
451:
448:
446:
442:
441:
436:
430:
428:
419:
405:
398:
386:
380:
376:
372:
366:
362:
356:
348:
346:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
315:
303:
294:
293:jūyō bunkazai
282:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
246:
234:
227:
221:
220:Himeji Castle
217:
211:
205:
197:
195:
189:
187:
165:
152:
139:
135:
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
69:
57:
39:
38:
31:
27:
19:
3254:Designations
3200:Designations
3151:Designations
3009:
3004:
2934:Designations
2854:
2797:
2777:
2756:
2735:
2714:
2693:
2681:. Retrieved
2662:
2654:Bibliography
2641:the original
2632:
2620:
2609:. Retrieved
2605:the original
2580:McVeigh 2004
2559:. Retrieved
2555:the original
2539:
2528:. Retrieved
2524:the original
2508:
2501:Yoshida 2001
2496:
2491:, p. 13
2393:the original
2384:
2334:, p. 39
2332:Edwards 2005
2283:, p. 38
2281:Edwards 2005
2268:, p. 12
2211:. Retrieved
2209:. 1992-10-01
2190:the original
2181:
2153:, p. 15
2128:. Retrieved
2116:
2092:, p. 14
2062:. Retrieved
2058:the original
2044:
2032:. Retrieved
2028:the original
1993:. Retrieved
1989:the original
1945:the original
1936:
1919:. Retrieved
1912:the original
1844:. Retrieved
1837:the original
1767:State Shinto
1761:
1752:
1735:
1730:
1722:
1717:
1705:. Retrieved
1701:the original
1686:
1645:
1640:Meiji period
1620:Shōwa period
1612:
1607:
1600:
1596:
1580:
1576:
1565:
1545:Fujiwara-kyō
1507:
1501:
1492:
1478:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1436:
1434:
1423:
1405:
1395:World War II
1392:
1368:
1356:
1320:
1315:Kofun period
1304:Meiji period
1300:
1282:史蹟名勝天然紀念物保存法
1271:
1255:
1248:
1237:
1201:
1199:
1163:
1134:
1124:
1081:
1060:and destroy
1051:
1032:Feudal Japan
1021:
997:Meiji period
994:
976:
957:
929:
906:
902:
869:
865:
844:
836:
828:
808:
794:
774:
767:The city of
743:
739:
636:
632:shell mounds
613:
576:
572:
533:
512:
490:
487:
485:Properties.
483:
449:
438:
431:
406:
383:
343:
321:
278:
231:
193:
121:
55:
53:
26:
2452:Gibbon 2005
2298:Gibbon 2005
2117:Japan Times
2064:17 February
2034:16 February
1995:16 February
1921:16 February
1846:16 February
1642:and later).
1541:Asuka, Nara
1257:Daibutsuden
1131:Tōshōdai-ji
1104:prefectures
1102:, ordering
910:lacquerware
447:personnel.
270:craft works
151:prefectural
134:Designation
3313:Categories
2683:2009-11-01
2611:2009-11-30
2561:2009-11-23
2530:2009-11-23
2213:2009-12-16
2130:2009-12-02
1776:References
1062:Shākyamuni
1030:families.
1018:Background
873:prefecture
625:kinenbutsu
3055:Monuments
2668:Routledge
2125:0447-5763
1707:April 20,
1549:Kashihara
1529:Heian-kyō
1521:Heijō-kyō
1344:teahouses
1182:Itō Chūta
1154:curricula
982:登録有形民俗文化財
614:Monuments
604:Tenryū-ji
581:Monuments
557:重要無形民俗文化財
539:重要有形民俗文化財
266:sculpture
262:paintings
164:municipal
157:都道府県指定文化財
101:monuments
2551:Hōryū-ji
2520:Hōryū-ji
2050:"旧浜離宮庭園"
1651:See also
1592:Hōryū-ji
1517:Kamakura
1443:Hōryū-ji
1359:Tōdai-ji
1252:Tōdai-ji
1244:Hōryū-ji
1196:in Kyoto
1133:and the
1121:Daigo-ji
1084:Dajō-kan
1058:Buddhism
170:市町村指定文化財
138:national
68:bunkazai
2173:(ed.).
1618:to the
1561:Ikaruga
1557:Sakurai
1393:During
1340:castles
1225:特別保護建造物
1112:shrines
1108:temples
1091:古器旧物保存方
1028:samurai
963:登録有形文化財
919:cypress
888:Ukiyo-e
814:伝統的建造物群
726:特別天然記念物
648:shiseki
518:有形民俗文化財
496:無形民俗文化財
440:bunraku
412:重要無形文化財
258:temples
254:shrines
176:system"
2808:
2785:
2764:
2743:
2722:
2701:
2674:
2207:UNESCO
2186:UNESCO
2123:
1450:文化財保護法
1438:kon-dō
1425:daimyō
1239:kon-dō
1215:kokuhō
1169:古社寺保存法
1136:hon-dō
1126:kon-dō
1123:, the
1117:pagoda
1048:Shinto
666:meishō
463:Kyūshū
445:kabuki
443:, and
314:kokuhō
144:国指定文化財
107:; and
3270:Lists
3221:Lists
3167:Lists
3108:Lists
3024:Lists
2955:Lists
2901:Lists
2802:Tōkyō
2644:(PDF)
2629:(PDF)
2396:(PDF)
2381:(PDF)
2203:(PDF)
2193:(PDF)
2178:(PDF)
1948:(PDF)
1933:(PDF)
1915:(PDF)
1904:(PDF)
1840:(PDF)
1829:(PDF)
1736:jūbun
1679:Notes
1553:Tenri
1533:Kyoto
1352:Kyoto
1348:Osaka
1326:国宝保存法
1004:登録記念物
850:埋蔵文化財
780:文化的景観
676:天然記念物
608:Kyoto
391:無形文化財
287:重要文化財
239:有形文化財
37:tokyō
2806:ISBN
2783:ISBN
2762:ISBN
2741:ISBN
2720:ISBN
2699:ISBN
2672:ISBN
2121:ISSN
2066:2012
2036:2012
1997:2012
1923:2012
1848:2012
1709:2012
1634:The
1579:and
1559:and
1525:Nara
1477:and
1262:MEXT
1147:and
1110:and
945:登録制度
935:指定制度
710:特別名勝
692:特別史跡
363:and
339:Nara
181:登録制度
127:指定制度
115:and
97:folk
45:斗きょう
2546:五重塔
1616:Edo
1551:),
1543:),
1535:),
1527:),
1441:of
1264:).
1254:'s
1242:at
1139:of
1129:of
1119:of
914:Noh
769:Uji
619:記念物
606:in
465:'s
435:noh
375:Noh
335:Uda
333:in
300:or
268:),
162:or
79:'s
62:文化財
3315::
2670:.
2635:.
2631:.
2587:^
2570:^
2515:金堂
2459:^
2442:^
2421:^
2404:^
2383:.
2364:^
2339:^
2320:^
2305:^
2288:^
2273:^
2222:^
2205:.
2180:.
2158:^
2139:^
2115:.
2097:^
2074:^
2052:.
2005:^
1983:.
1956:^
1939:.
1935:.
1906:.
1856:^
1831:.
1783:^
1742:重文
1555:,
1519:,
1453:,
1381:,
1342:,
1329:,
1285:,
1246:.
1228:,
1212:,
1209:国宝
1172:,
1106:,
1094:,
875:.
853:,
817:,
783:,
729:,
713:,
695:,
679:,
663:,
660:名勝
645:,
642:史跡
622:,
570:.
560:,
542:,
531:.
521:,
499:,
437:,
415:,
394:,
337:,
311:,
308:国宝
290:,
272:,
264:,
256:,
242:,
149:,
111:.
65:,
54:A
2847:e
2840:t
2833:v
2814:.
2791:.
2770:.
2749:.
2728:.
2707:.
2686:.
2614:.
2564:.
2533:.
2216:.
2133:.
2068:.
2038:.
1999:.
1925:.
1850:.
1747:.
1745:)
1739:(
1711:.
1547:(
1531:(
1523:(
1459:)
1447:(
1387:)
1375:(
1335:)
1323:(
1291:)
1279:(
1234:)
1222:(
1218:)
1206:(
1178:)
1166:(
1100:)
1088:(
1007:)
1001:(
985:)
979:(
966:)
960:(
948:)
942:(
938:)
932:(
860:)
847:(
823:)
811:(
789:)
777:(
735:)
723:(
719:)
707:(
702:)
689:(
685:)
673:(
669:)
657:(
652:)
639:(
628:)
616:(
595:.
567:)
554:(
549:)
536:(
528:)
515:(
506:)
493:(
481:.
422:)
409:(
401:)
388:(
367:.
317:)
305:(
297:)
284:(
249:)
236:(
228:)
224:(
212:.
184:)
178:(
173:)
167:(
160:)
154:(
147:)
141:(
130:)
124:(
83:(
72:)
59:(
48:)
42:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
