794:
933:
nanomaterials – each new nanomaterial must be assessed individually and all material properties must be taken into account. Health and environmental issues combine in the workplace of companies engaged in producing or using nanomaterials and in the laboratories engaged in nanoscience and nanotechnology research. It is safe to say that current workplace exposure standards for dusts cannot be applied directly to nanoparticle dusts.
449:
132:
667:
or device (“fixed” nano-particles); and (2) “free” nanoparticles, where at some stage in production or use individual nanoparticles of a substance are present. These free nanoparticles could be nanoscale species of elements, or simple compounds, but also complex compounds where for instance a nanoparticle of a particular element is coated with another substance (“coated” nanoparticle or “core-shell” nanoparticle).
4486:
3651:
461:
144:
599:
2783:
692:
784:
4475:
3680:
797:
801:
800:
796:
795:
802:
663:) is not in itself a threat. It is only certain aspects that can make them risky, in particular their mobility and their increased reactivity. Only if certain properties of certain nanoparticles were harmful to living beings or the environment would we be faced with a genuine hazard. In this case it can be called nanopollution.
799:
1183:
with the research and commercial application of nanotechnology do not overshadow its potential benefits. Regulation may also be required to meet community expectations about responsible development of nanotechnology, as well as ensuring that public interests are included in shaping the development of nanotechnology.
803:
538:, better food production methods, nutrition and large-scale infrastructure auto-fabrication. Nanotechnology's reduced size may allow for automation of tasks which were previously inaccessible due to physical restrictions, which in turn may reduce labor, land, or maintenance requirements placed on humans.
677:
To complicate things further, in talking about nanoparticles it is important that a powder or liquid containing nanoparticles almost never be monodisperse, but contain instead a range of particle sizes. This complicates the experimental analysis as larger nanoparticles might have different properties
1178:
that must be issued for some materials often does not differentiate between bulk and nanoscale size of the material in question and even when it does these MSDS are advisory only. The new advances and rapid growth within the field of nanotechnology have large implications, which in turn will lead to
541:
Potential risks include environmental, health, and safety issues; transitional effects such as displacement of traditional industries as the products of nanotechnology become dominant, which are of concern to privacy rights advocates. These may be particularly important if potential negative effects
666:
In addressing the health and environmental impact of nanomaterials we need to differentiate between two types of nanostructures: (1) Nanocomposites, nanostructured surfaces and nanocomponents (electronic, optical, sensors etc.), where nanoscale particles are incorporated into a substance, material
1182:
Limited nanotechnology labeling and regulation may exacerbate potential human and environmental health and safety issues associated with nanotechnology. It has been argued that the development of comprehensive regulation of nanotechnology will be vital to ensure that the potential risks associated
1115:
Task Force on
Science, Technology and Innovation noted that some of the advantages of nanotechnology include production using little labor, land, or maintenance, high productivity, low cost, and modest requirements for materials and energy. However, concerns are frequently raised that the claimed
919:
Nanotoxicology is the field which studies potential health risks of nanomaterials. The extremely small size of nanomaterials means that they are much more readily taken up by the human body than larger sized particles. How these nanoparticles behave inside the organism is one of the significant
940:
has conducted initial research on how nanoparticles interact with the body's systems and how workers might be exposed to nano-sized particles in the manufacturing or industrial use of nanomaterials. NIOSH currently offers interim guidelines for working with nanomaterials consistent with the best
830:
In regards to the current global pandemic, researchers, engineers and medical professionals are using an extremely developed collection of nano science and nanotechnology approaches to explore the ways it could potentially help the medical, technical, and scientific communities to help fight the
1079:
Beyond the toxicity risks to human health and the environment which are associated with first-generation nanomaterials, nanotechnology has broader societal impact and poses broader social challenges. Social scientists have suggested that nanotechnology's social issues should be understood and
932:
onto their surface some of the macromolecules they encounter. This may, for instance, affect the regulatory mechanisms of enzymes and other proteins. The large number of variables influencing toxicity means that it is difficult to generalise about health risks associated with exposure to
927:
Apart from what happens if non-degradable or slowly degradable nanoparticles accumulate in organs, another concern is their potential interaction with biological processes inside the body: because of their large surface, nanoparticles on exposure to tissue and fluids will immediately
964:
of other chemicals. The large number of variables influencing toxicity means that it is difficult to generalise about health risks associated with exposure to nanomaterials – each new nanomaterial must be assessed individually and all material properties must be taken into account.
900:
estimated that 130 nanotech-based drugs and delivery systems were being developed worldwide. Nanomedicine is a large industry, with nanomedicine sales reaching $ 6.8 billion in 2004. With over 200 companies and 38 products worldwide, a minimum of $ 3.8 billion in nanotechnology
968:
Literature reviews have been showing that release of engineered nanoparticles and incurred personal exposure can happen during different work activities. The situation alerts regulatory bodies to necessitate prevention strategies and regulations at nanotechnology workplaces.
988:
Nanotechnology's environmental impact can be split into two aspects: the potential for nanotechnological innovations to help improve the environment, and the possibly novel type of pollution that nanotechnological materials might cause if released into the environment.
819:. As nanotechnology is an emerging field, there is great debate regarding to what extent nanotechnology will benefit or pose risks for human health. Nanotechnology's health impacts can be split into two aspects: the potential for nanotechnological innovations to have
673:
Nanoparticles are very different from their everyday counterparts, so their adverse effects cannot be derived from the known toxicity of the macro-sized material. This poses significant issues for addressing the health and environmental impact of free nanoparticles.
2002:
Porcari, Andrea; Borsella, Elisabetta; Benighaus, Christina; Grieger, Khara; Isigonis, Panagiotis; Chakravarty, Somik; Kines, Pete; Jensen, Keld
Alstrup (November 21, 2019). "From risk perception to risk governance in nanotechnology: a multi-stakeholder study".
1023:, "to minimize potential environmental and human health risks associated with the manufacture and use of nanotechnology products, and to encourage replacement of existing products with new nano-products that are more environmentally friendly throughout their
1127:
between developed and developing nations. The effects of nanotechnology on the society as a whole, on human health and the environment, on trade, on security, on food systems and even on the definition of "human", have not been characterized or politicized.
1091:
Over 800 nano-related patents were granted in 2003, with numbers increasing to nearly 19,000 internationally by 2012. Corporations are already taking out broad-ranging patents on nanoscale discoveries and inventions. For example, two corporations,
1173:
have started dealing with the potential risks posed by nanoparticles. So far, neither engineered nanoparticles nor the products and materials that contain them are subject to any special regulation regarding production, handling or labelling. The
1104:, one of the current cornerstones of nanotechnology. Carbon nanotubes have a wide range of uses, and look set to become crucial to several industries from electronics and computers, to strengthened materials to drug delivery and diagnostics.
1087:
and governance should also involve public participation. The exploration of the stakeholder's perception is also an essential component in assessing the large amount of risk associated with nanotechnology and nano-related products.
2470:- provides a global overview of the state of nanotechnology and society in Europe, the US, Japan and Canada, and examines the ethics, the environmental and public health risks, and the governance and regulation of this technology.
3321:
3256:
1190:, which is charged with protecting the public against unreasonable risks of injury or death associated with consumer products, is ill-equipped to oversee the safety of complex, high-tech products made using nanotechnology.
798:
1080:
assessed not simply as "downstream" risks or impacts. Rather, the challenges should be factored into "upstream" research and decision-making in order to ensure technology development that meets social objectives
1042:
to make nanomaterials and nano-products without toxic ingredients, at low temperatures using less energy and renewable inputs wherever possible, and using lifecycle thinking in all design and engineering stages.
4009:
3718:
2943:
1261:, In: Neuhoff, Daniel; Halberg, Niels; Rasmussen, I.A.; Hermansen, J.E.; Ssekyewa, Charles and Sohn, Sang Mok (Eds.) Proceedings of the Third Scientific Conference of ISOFAR, ISOFAR, Bonn, 2, pp. 96-99.
1271:
Ruiz-Hitzky, Eduardo; Darder, Margarita; Wicklein, Bernd; Ruiz-Garcia, Cristina; MartĂn-Sampedro, Raquel; Del Real, Gustavo; Aranda, Pilar (September 3, 2020). "Nanotechnology
Responses to COVID-19".
920:
issues that needs to be resolved. The behavior of nanoparticles is a function of their size, shape and surface reactivity with the surrounding tissue. For example, they could cause overload on
960:
Other properties of nanomaterials that influence toxicity include: chemical composition, shape, surface structure, surface charge, aggregation and solubility, and the presence or absence of
2108:
1179:
regulations, on the traditional food and agriculture sectors of the world, in particular the invention of smart and active packaging, nano sensors, nano pesticides, and nano fertilizers.
2821:
1116:
benefits of nanotechnology will not be evenly distributed, and that any benefits (including technical and/or economic) associated with nanotechnology will only reach affluent nations.
3711:
942:
1154:. This debate is related to the circumstances in which it is necessary and appropriate to assess new substances prior to their release into the market, community and environment.
3907:
3671:
3279:
937:
174:
3885:
702:
3848:
1065:
manufacturing process. Nanowaste is mainly the group of particles that are released into the environment, or the particles that are thrown away when still on their products.
3465:
3250:
1034:
and products without harming the environment or human health, and producing nano-products that provide solutions to environmental problems. It uses existing principles of
3704:
3666:
3300:
3262:
924:, cells that ingest and destroy foreign matter, thereby triggering stress reactions that lead to inflammation and weaken the body's defense against other pathogens.
3310:
3206:
2604:
3922:
3917:
3890:
3571:
1204:
1166:
558:
3274:
3224:
1158:
554:
1019:. It includes making green nano-products and using nano-products in support of sustainability. Green nanotechnology has been described as the development of
957:
range was between 30 and 100 nanometers, and leak size was the largest factor in the number of nanoparticles found inside the respirators of the test dummies.
670:
There seems to be consensus that, although one should be aware of materials containing fixed nanoparticles, the immediate concern is with free nanoparticles.
3875:
3823:
2814:
4540:
3897:
3870:
3843:
3818:
2059:
260:
42:
2478:
4525:
4229:
3969:
620:
167:
108:
4499:
4494:
4214:
3838:
491:
4535:
4489:
3833:
3655:
3444:
2807:
1753:"Airborne engineered nanomaterials in the workplace—a review of release and worker exposure during nanomaterial production and handling processes"
1187:
1119:
Longer-term concerns center on the impact that new technologies will have for society at large, and whether these could possibly lead to either a
3684:
2116:
678:
from smaller ones. Also, nanoparticles show a tendency to aggregate, and such aggregates often behave differently from individual nanoparticles.
4219:
3631:
3490:
2903:
2637:
4234:
3912:
82:
4329:
4177:
3611:
364:
213:
160:
905:
is being invested every year. As the nanomedicine industry continues to grow, it is expected to have a significant impact on the economy.
2175:
4182:
3828:
3813:
2893:
2726:
2597:
2398:
1147:
977:
The environmental impact of nanotechnology is the possible effects that the use of nanotechnological materials and devices will have on
869:
expects new commercial applications in the pharmaceutical industry that may include advanced drug delivery systems, new therapies, and
763:
4279:
4093:
4083:
4004:
3927:
3561:
2552:
866:
58:
735:
569:
sector has been the first to act with the regulated exclusion of engineered nanoparticles from certified organic produce, firstly in
4504:
4113:
4098:
3932:
3880:
3484:
3474:
3229:
2259:
1511:
1444:
1340:
1074:
646:
113:
4160:
3974:
3865:
3855:
2005:
359:
2492:
2137:
742:
4294:
4043:
4021:
3979:
3949:
3902:
3785:
3768:
3751:
3727:
4478:
3999:
3994:
3661:
3526:
3181:
2830:
2590:
624:
236:
103:
2918:
1892:
Formoso, P; Muzzalupo, R; Tavano, L; De Filpo, G; Nicoletta, FP (2016). "Nanotechnology for the
Environment and Medicine".
4165:
4103:
3397:
3150:
2787:
2753:
1024:
893:
749:
387:
865:. Nanomedicine seeks to deliver a valuable set of research tools and clinically helpful devices in the near future. The
3761:
3439:
3372:
3125:
2913:
1199:
1162:
1137:
1008:
484:
265:
118:
87:
2457:, United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, June 2007, DHHS (NIOSH) publication no. 2007-123
710:
4132:
4016:
3773:
3576:
3268:
3176:
3140:
2978:
397:
339:
981:. As nanotechnology is an emerging field, there is debate regarding to what extent industrial and commercial use of
731:
609:
530:
Major benefits of nanotechnology include improved manufacturing methods, water purification systems, energy systems,
2507:
3636:
3541:
3315:
3018:
2758:
2694:
1273:
1175:
527:
applications, to fields such as engineering, biology, chemistry, computing, materials science, and communications.
2192:
721:
706:
628:
613:
4402:
4354:
4249:
4142:
4026:
3234:
3145:
3130:
2988:
2963:
2741:
2701:
1328:
978:
223:
218:
208:
2306:
Bowman D, Hodge G (2007). "A Small Matter of
Regulation: An International Review of Nanotechnology Regulation".
4407:
4362:
4264:
3805:
3551:
3531:
3424:
3038:
2090:
902:
882:
862:
411:
311:
3626:
3048:
3013:
1111:
who lack access to basic services, such as safe water, reliable energy, health care, and education. The 2004
4530:
4454:
4392:
3795:
3596:
3382:
2706:
2679:
1186:
In 2008, E. Marla
Felcher "The Consumer Product Safety Commission and Nanotechnology," suggested that the
1052:
477:
382:
316:
302:
191:
4397:
4224:
3191:
3171:
2958:
2928:
2716:
2711:
2684:
1854:
1012:
945:
of NIOSH, studies investigating the filter penetration of nanoparticles on NIOSH-certified and EU marked
3780:
3186:
2642:
2613:
1084:
582:
524:
435:
2502:
756:
4382:
4150:
3790:
3756:
3746:
3387:
3362:
3166:
3083:
2933:
2923:
2883:
2838:
2689:
2652:
2632:
2436:
2418:
2014:
1717:
1664:
1578:
1468:
1108:
998:
344:
255:
77:
2427:
1859:
4444:
4437:
4377:
4314:
4274:
4269:
3944:
3521:
3404:
3392:
3357:
3135:
3120:
3113:
3093:
2863:
2845:
2746:
2721:
2547:
2542:
2461:
2218:
Invernizzi N, Foladori G, Maclurcan D (2008). "Nanotechnology's
Controversial Role for the South".
1569:
Shaffer RE, Rengasamy S (2009). "Respiratory protection against airborne nanoparticles: a review".
1259:"Nanomaterials in food and agriculture: The big issue of small matter for organic food and farming"
1170:
562:
420:
392:
1549:"CDC - NIOSH Science Blog - Respiratory Protection for Workers Handling Engineering Nanoparticles"
4459:
4417:
4412:
4372:
4324:
4088:
3860:
3556:
3460:
3377:
3196:
2763:
2350:
2235:
2082:
2040:
1984:
1688:
1594:
1377:
1308:
1020:
896:
in 2005 funding a five-year plan to set up four nanomedicine centers. In April 2006, the journal
321:
2473:
4334:
4209:
4155:
3954:
3939:
3606:
3419:
3098:
3073:
2968:
2953:
2448:
2342:
2288:
2172:
1947:
1909:
1874:
1823:
1772:
1733:
1680:
1655:
1635:
1548:
1507:
1486:
1440:
1419:
1369:
1336:
1300:
1039:
815:
are the possible effects that the use of nanotechnological materials and devices will have on
531:
465:
148:
2395:
1960:
Kearnes, Matthew; Grove-White, Robin; Macnaghten, Phil; Wilsdon, James; Wynne, Brian (2006).
4309:
4289:
4284:
4259:
4058:
4031:
3347:
3342:
3008:
2948:
2731:
2647:
2377:
2334:
2278:
2268:
2227:
2074:
2030:
2022:
1976:
1901:
1864:
1813:
1803:
1764:
1725:
1672:
1653:
Nel, Andre; et al. (3 February 2006). "Toxic
Potential of Materials at the Nanolevel".
1625:
1586:
1523:
1476:
1411:
1361:
1290:
1282:
961:
897:
430:
2325:
Bowman D; Fitzharris, M (2007). "Too Small for
Concern? Public Health and Nanotechnology".
4422:
4339:
4319:
4299:
4199:
4048:
3621:
3601:
3429:
3108:
3103:
2402:
2179:
1332:
1101:
1035:
878:
874:
858:
349:
330:
288:
3058:
2060:"Nanotechnology, Governance, and Public Deliberation: What Role for the Social Sciences?"
2018:
1752:
1721:
1668:
1582:
1472:
4449:
4344:
4244:
4172:
3586:
3546:
3434:
3414:
3409:
3028:
2993:
2908:
2736:
2283:
2254:
1962:"From Bio to Nano: Learning Lessons from the UK Agricultural Biotechnology Controversy"
1818:
1791:
1706:
Magrez, Arnaud; et al. (2006). "Cellular
Toxicity of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials".
1396:
1258:
1143:
1112:
1016:
1004:
914:
850:
812:
546:
507:
453:
354:
250:
199:
136:
52:
2454:
1905:
1352:
Wagner V, Dullaart A, Bock AK, Zweck A (2006). "The emerging nanomedicine landscape".
4519:
4432:
4387:
4367:
4189:
3964:
3591:
3352:
3053:
2998:
2768:
2338:
2239:
2148:
2086:
2044:
1988:
1598:
1312:
1120:
1031:
982:
954:
854:
824:
402:
373:
274:
2354:
1381:
4125:
4120:
4108:
4068:
4053:
3741:
3506:
3480:
3470:
3063:
3003:
2973:
2672:
1708:
1692:
1062:
886:
840:
820:
816:
660:
566:
535:
512:
448:
425:
293:
245:
131:
47:
3696:
2381:
2368:
Bowman D, Hodge G (2006). "Nanotechnology: Mapping the Wild Regulatory Frontier".
1768:
2799:
1843:"Engineered nanoparticles at the workplace: currentknowledge about workers' risk"
4239:
4194:
4063:
4036:
3516:
2983:
2878:
2873:
2667:
2662:
2451:". Sage Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Society. (Thousand Oaks: CA, Sage, 2010)
877:-based sensors are another active goal of research. Further down the line, the
598:
2563:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Nanotechnology topic page
2273:
2231:
1927:
1614:"Total inward leakage of nanoparticles through filtering facepiece respirators"
1415:
4304:
3616:
3566:
3536:
3511:
3033:
3023:
2898:
2888:
2868:
2858:
2627:
2026:
1980:
1590:
1151:
1124:
1058:
946:
929:
550:
460:
143:
2562:
2078:
1524:"Current Intelligence Bulletin 63: Occupational Exposure to Titanium Dioxide"
4427:
4073:
3337:
3305:
3043:
2853:
2657:
1869:
1842:
1676:
1630:
1613:
950:
921:
570:
283:
2346:
2292:
1913:
1878:
1827:
1808:
1776:
1737:
1684:
1639:
1490:
1423:
1373:
1304:
1286:
2109:"Reflecting Upon the UK's Citizens' Jury on Nanotechnologies: NanoJury UK"
3959:
3581:
3068:
2938:
2035:
1365:
1245:
1107:
Nanotechnologies may provide new solutions for the millions of people in
1015:. It also refers to the use of the products of nanotechnology to enhance
846:
2582:
1295:
4254:
4204:
3984:
2441:
1961:
1503:
1436:
1083:
Many social scientists and organizations in civil society suggest that
870:
823:
to cure disease, and the potential health hazards posed by exposure to
720:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
516:
3257:
Istituto nazionale per l'assicurazione contro gli infortuni sul lavoro
2419:
What Is Nanotechnology and Why Does It Matter?: From Science to Ethics
1729:
1325:
4078:
3367:
2455:
Approaches to Safe Nanotechnology: An Information Exchange with NIOSH
1529:. United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1481:
1456:
578:
565:
have started dealing with the potential risks of nanoparticles. The
2567:
2437:
Nanoethics: The Ethical and Societal Implications of Nanotechnology
2255:"The current application of nanotechnology in food and agriculture"
953:
have been conducted. These studies found that the most penetrating
2558:
NanoEthics: Ethics for Technologies that Converge at the Nanoscale
2428:
Nanotechnology & Society: Current and Emerging Ethical Issues
2193:"U.S.-based inventors lead world in nanotechnology patents: study"
792:
2557:
2434:
Fritz Allhoff, Patrick Lin, James Moor, and John Weckert (eds.),
1223:
520:
3700:
2803:
2586:
2497:
853:. The approaches to nanomedicine range from the medical use of
807:
A video on the health and safety implications of nanotechnology
1928:"Environment and Green Nano - Topics - Nanotechnology Project"
1792:"Nanoparticle exposure at nanotechnology workplaces: a review"
1142:
Significant debate exists relating to the question of whether
1097:
1093:
685:
592:
2522:
2573:
European Center for the Sustainable Impact of Nanotechnology
2532:
2493:
U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative, Societal Dimensions
2578:
Center for the Environmental Implications of NanoTechnology
2527:
2517:
1057:
Nanopollution is a generic name for all waste generated by
574:
2572:
2543:
The Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology
1504:
Nanotechnology: A Gentle Introduction to the Next Big Idea
2537:
2396:
The Consumer Product Safety Commission and Nanotechnology
2577:
2253:
He, Xiaojia; Deng, Hua; Hwang, Huey-min (January 2019).
1226:. United States National Nanotechnology Initiative. 2016
553:
is a controversial issue. Regulatory bodies such as the
1551:. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
717:
2512:
943:
The National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory
892:
Nanomedicine research is directly funded, with the US
659:
The presence of nanomaterials (materials that contain
3280:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
938:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
861:
biosensors, and even possible future applications of
2479:
Nanoethics: Big Ethical Issues with Small Technology
889:
could revolutionize medicine and the medical field.
4353:
4141:
3804:
3734:
3499:
3453:
3330:
3293:
3243:
3217:
3205:
3159:
3082:
2837:
2620:
2327:
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
1975:(4). Routledge (published December 2006): 291–307.
3466:Occupational Safety and Health Act (United States)
3251:Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety
1404:Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine
2173:Demos | Publications | Governing at the Nanoscale
3263:National Institute for Safety and Health at Work
3311:Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981
2058:Macnaghten, Phil; et al. (December 2005).
873:imaging. Neuro-electronic interfaces and other
2416:Fritz Allhoff, Patrick Lin, and Daniel Moore,
1437:Nanotechnology in Medicine and the Biosciences
1224:"About the National Nanotechnology Initiative"
1205:International Center for Technology Assessment
1030:Green nanotechnology has two goals: producing
716:Please review the contents of the section and
3712:
3275:Occupational Safety and Health Administration
3225:European Agency for Safety and Health at Work
2815:
2598:
1159:United States Environmental Protection Agency
555:United States Environmental Protection Agency
485:
168:
8:
2096:on 2016-03-04 – via Sage Publications.
1167:Health & Consumer Protection Directorate
2548:The International Council on Nanotechnology
2518:UCSB's Center on Nanotechnology and Society
627:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3719:
3705:
3697:
3214:
2919:Coalworker's pneumoconiosis ("black lung")
2822:
2808:
2800:
2782:
2605:
2591:
2583:
2513:ASU's Center on Nanotechnology and Society
2503:USC's Nanoscience & Technology Studies
2482:(London & New York: Continuum, 2009).
2308:Columbia Science and Technology Law Review
1326:Nanomedicine, Volume I: Basic Capabilities
1003:Green nanotechnology refers to the use of
559:Health and Consumer Protection Directorate
492:
478:
186:
175:
161:
17:
4230:Environmental issues in the United States
2282:
2272:
2034:
1868:
1858:
1817:
1807:
1629:
1480:
1294:
1123:economy, or alternatively exacerbate the
647:Learn how and when to remove this message
4215:Effects of climate change on agriculture
2440:(Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2007).
1547:Zhuang Z, Viscusi D (December 7, 2011).
3445:Immediately dangerous to life or health
2191:Smith, Erin Geiger (14 February 2013).
1215:
581:, as well as for all food certified to
410:
372:
329:
301:
273:
231:
198:
95:
69:
34:
25:
4220:Effects of climate change on livestock
3632:Workplace hazard controls for COVID-19
2904:Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy
2638:Differential technological development
2425:Fritz Allhoff and Patrick Lin (eds.),
985:will affect organisms and ecosystems.
2538:Center for Responsible Nanotechnology
1457:"Nanomedicine: A matter of rhetoric?"
7:
4474:
4330:Tropical cyclones and climate change
3679:
3322:Working Environment Convention, 1977
2466:Nanotechnology: Risk, Ethics and Law
1950:, US Environmental Protection Agency
1439:, by Coombs RRH, Robinson DW. 1996,
625:adding citations to reliable sources
4363:Alternative fuel vehicle propulsion
3491:Workers' right to access the toilet
2727:Future-oriented technology analysis
2138:"University of Westminster, London"
2107:Rogers-Hayden, Tee; Pidgeon, Nick.
1894:Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
21:Part of a series of articles on the
4541:Nanotechnology and the environment
3562:International Chemical Safety Card
2422:. (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010).
1188:Consumer Product Safety Commission
867:National Nanotechnology Initiative
14:
4010:pharmaceuticals and personal care
3572:National Day of Mourning (Canada)
3230:International Labour Organization
2260:Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
2113:Nanotechnology Law & Business
1906:10.2174/1389557515666150709105129
1841:Pietroiusti A, Magrini A (2014).
1790:Kuhlbusch T, et al. (2011).
1335:, by Robert A. Freitas Jr. 1999,
1075:Societal impact of nanotechnology
542:of nanoparticles are overlooked.
4526:Ethics of science and technology
4485:
4484:
4473:
4161:decline in amphibian populations
3866:Deforestation and climate change
3678:
3650:
3649:
2781:
2339:10.1111/j.1753-6405.2007.00092.x
2006:Journal of Nanoparticle Research
1506:, by MA Ratner, D Ratner. 2002,
782:
690:
597:
459:
447:
360:Semiconductor device fabrication
142:
130:
4295:Land surface effects on climate
3752:Environmental impact assessment
3728:Human impact on the environment
2220:Science, Technology and Society
4536:Occupational safety and health
3527:Environment, health and safety
3182:Occupational health psychology
2831:Occupational safety and health
2449:Epistemology of Nanotechnology
1612:Rengasamy S, Eimer BC (2011).
1157:Regulatory bodies such as the
718:add the appropriate references
1:
4166:decline in insect populations
3398:Personal protective equipment
3151:Workplace health surveillance
2754:Technology in science fiction
2382:10.1016/j.futures.2006.02.017
1769:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.04.075
1274:Advanced Healthcare Materials
1246:Nanotechnology: No Free Lunch
894:National Institutes of Health
388:Scanning tunneling microscope
3440:Standard operating procedure
3373:Hierarchy of hazard controls
3126:Hierarchy of hazard controls
2533:Foresight Nanotech Institute
2431:(Dordrecht: Springer, 2008).
1751:Ding Y, et al. (2016).
1200:Fail-safes in nanotechnology
1163:Food and Drug Administration
1138:Regulation of nanotechnology
1100:, hold the basic patents on
1009:environmental sustainability
365:Semiconductor scale examples
3577:NIOSH air filtration rating
3269:Health and Safety Executive
3177:Occupational health nursing
3141:Occupational exposure limit
2979:Hospital-acquired infection
2944:Exposure to human nail dust
949:, as well as non-certified
703:reliable medical references
398:Super resolution microscopy
340:Molecular scale electronics
4557:
3637:Workplace health promotion
3542:Hawks Nest Tunnel disaster
3316:Worker Protection Standard
3019:Noise-induced hearing loss
2759:Technology readiness level
2695:Technological unemployment
2274:10.1016/j.jfda.2018.12.002
2232:10.1177/097172180701300105
2178:December 14, 2007, at the
1416:10.1016/j.nano.2004.11.003
1176:Material Safety Data Sheet
1135:
1072:
1050:
996:
993:Environmental applications
912:
838:
732:"Impact of nanotechnology"
549:merits special government
4468:
4403:Environmental engineering
4250:Environmental degradation
4027:fishing down the food web
3645:
3235:World Health Organization
3146:Occupational epidemiology
3131:Prevention through design
2989:Laboratory animal allergy
2914:Chimney sweeps' carcinoma
2889:Byssinosis ("brown lung")
2777:
2742:Technological singularity
2702:Technological convergence
2047:– via SpringerLink.
2027:10.1007/s11051-019-4689-9
1981:10.1080/09505430601022619
1948:What is Green Engineering
1591:10.1007/s11051-009-9649-3
1150:merit special government
941:scientific knowledge. At
709:or relies too heavily on
4408:Environmental mitigation
4265:Greenhouse gas emissions
4225:Environmental insecurity
3552:Hostile work environment
3532:Environmental toxicology
3425:Redundancy (engineering)
3039:Repetitive strain injury
2464:; Geoffrey Hunt (2006).
2079:10.1177/1075547005281531
1146:or nanotechnology-based
883:molecular nanotechnology
863:molecular nanotechnology
412:Molecular nanotechnology
312:Self-assembled monolayer
4455:Sustainable consumption
3796:Social ecology (ethics)
3597:Quality of working life
3383:Administrative controls
2707:Technological evolution
2680:Exploratory engineering
1677:10.1126/science.1114397
1397:"What is Nanomedicine?"
1395:Freitas RA Jr. (2005).
1053:Nanomaterials pollution
1011:of processes producing
577:, and more recently in
383:Atomic force microscopy
317:Supramolecular assembly
303:Molecular self-assembly
109:Industrial applications
4398:Ecological engineering
4178:runaway climate change
3192:Occupational therapist
3172:Industrial engineering
2964:Glassblower's cataract
2929:Decompression sickness
2717:Technology forecasting
2712:Technological paradigm
2685:Proactionary principle
1809:10.1186/1743-8977-8-22
1287:10.1002/adhm.202000979
1013:negative externalities
811:The health impacts of
808:
3781:List of global issues
3662:Occupational diseases
3627:Workers' compensation
3187:Occupational medicine
3049:Silo-filler's disease
3014:Mule spinners' cancer
2643:Disruptive innovation
2614:Emerging technologies
2394:Felcher, EM. (2008).
2067:Science Communication
1870:10.1093/occmed/kqu051
1631:10.1093/annhyg/meq096
1085:technology assessment
806:
583:Demeter International
466:Technology portal
436:Molecular engineering
149:Technology portal
4383:Community resilience
4183:in the United States
4151:Biodiversity threats
3824:cannabis cultivation
3791:Planetary boundaries
3757:Environmental issues
3747:Ecological footprint
3388:Engineering controls
3363:Emergency evacuation
3167:Environmental health
2934:De Quervain syndrome
2924:Concussions in sport
2690:Technological change
2633:Collingridge dilemma
2523:The Nanoethics Group
2468:. London: Earthscan.
2154:on 29 September 2009
1366:10.1038/nbt1006-1211
1248:, Platter, 1(1) 8-17
1244:Paull, John (2010),
1109:developing countries
999:Green nanotechnology
973:Environmental impact
887:cell repair machines
845:Nanomedicine is the
835:Medical applications
821:medical applications
621:improve this section
532:physical enhancement
345:Molecular logic gate
256:Green nanotechnology
78:Green nanotechnology
59:Carbon nanomaterials
4445:Restoration ecology
4378:Climate engineering
4315:Ocean acidification
4305:Loss of green belts
4275:Holocene extinction
4270:Habitat destruction
3945:Environmental crime
3522:Effects of overtime
3405:Job safety analysis
3393:Hazard substitution
3358:Emergency procedure
3136:Exposure assessment
3121:Occupational stress
3114:Psychosocial hazard
3094:Occupational hazard
2959:Flock worker's lung
2747:Technology scouting
2722:Accelerating change
2019:2019JNR....21..245P
1847:Occup. Med. (Lond.)
1796:Part. Fibre Toxicol
1722:2006NanoL...6.1121M
1669:2006Sci...311..622N
1583:2009JNR....11.1661S
1473:2006NatMa...5..243.
1257:Paull, John (2011)
1171:European Commission
1165:in the U.S. or the
563:European Commission
421:Molecular assembler
393:Electron microscope
83:Energy applications
4460:Waste minimization
4418:Mitigation banking
4413:Industrial ecology
4373:Cleaner production
4325:Resource depletion
3861:Corporate behavior
3819:animal agriculture
3557:Indoor air quality
3461:Diving regulations
3378:Hazard elimination
3197:Safety engineering
2764:Technology roadmap
2553:The NanoEthicsBank
2498:Nanotechnology Now
2401:2017-05-15 at the
1969:Science as Culture
1331:2015-08-14 at the
1021:clean technologies
809:
454:Science portal
322:DNA nanotechnology
137:Science portal
4513:
4512:
4335:Water degradation
4210:Ecological crisis
4156:biodiversity loss
3955:Industrialisation
3940:Genetic pollution
3786:Impact assessment
3694:
3693:
3607:Safety data sheet
3420:Operations manual
3301:Bangladesh Accord
3289:
3288:
3099:Biological hazard
2797:
2796:
2568:UnderstandingNano
2474:DĂłnal P O'MathĂşna
1730:10.1021/nl060162e
1663:(5761): 622–627.
1360:(10): 1211–1217.
1040:green engineering
962:functional groups
804:
791:
790:
767:
657:
656:
649:
511:extends from its
502:
501:
185:
184:
61:
35:Health and safety
4548:
4488:
4487:
4477:
4476:
4310:Phosphorus cycle
4290:Land consumption
4285:Land degradation
4260:Freshwater cycle
4059:Overexploitation
4032:marine pollution
3839:cocoa production
3721:
3714:
3707:
3698:
3682:
3681:
3653:
3652:
3348:Contingency plan
3343:Code of practice
3215:
3009:Metal fume fever
2824:
2817:
2810:
2801:
2785:
2784:
2732:Horizon scanning
2648:Ephemeralization
2607:
2600:
2593:
2584:
2469:
2447:Kaldis, Byron. "
2405:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2376:(9): 1060–1073.
2365:
2359:
2358:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2286:
2276:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2188:
2182:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2153:
2147:. Archived from
2142:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2115:. Archived from
2104:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2089:. Archived from
2064:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2038:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1966:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1872:
1862:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1821:
1811:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1757:J. Hazard. Mater
1748:
1742:
1741:
1716:(6): 1121–1125.
1703:
1697:
1696:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1633:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1577:(7): 1661–1672.
1566:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1556:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1528:
1520:
1514:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1484:
1482:10.1038/nmat1625
1467:(4): 243. 2006.
1453:
1447:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1401:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1349:
1343:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1298:
1281:(19): e2000979.
1268:
1262:
1255:
1249:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1220:
1102:carbon nanotubes
898:Nature Materials
805:
786:
785:
777:
774:
768:
766:
725:
694:
693:
686:
652:
645:
641:
638:
632:
601:
593:
494:
487:
480:
464:
463:
452:
451:
431:Mechanosynthesis
289:Carbon nanotubes
187:
177:
170:
163:
147:
146:
135:
134:
57:
18:
4556:
4555:
4551:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4546:
4545:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4509:
4464:
4423:Organic farming
4349:
4340:Water pollution
4320:Ozone depletion
4300:Loss and damage
4200:Desertification
4137:
4049:Overconsumption
3970:cleaning agents
3871:Energy industry
3834:meat production
3800:
3730:
3725:
3695:
3690:
3641:
3622:Toxic workplace
3602:Risk management
3495:
3449:
3430:Risk assessment
3326:
3285:
3239:
3210:
3201:
3155:
3109:Physical hazard
3104:Chemical hazard
3085:
3078:
2843:
2840:
2833:
2828:
2798:
2793:
2773:
2616:
2611:
2489:
2460:
2413:
2411:Further reading
2408:
2403:Wayback Machine
2393:
2389:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2202:
2200:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2180:Wayback Machine
2171:
2167:
2157:
2155:
2151:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2122:
2120:
2106:
2105:
2101:
2093:
2062:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1946:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1860:10.1.1.826.6220
1840:
1839:
1835:
1789:
1788:
1784:
1763:(Pt A): 17–28.
1750:
1749:
1745:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1554:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1502:
1498:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1435:
1431:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1354:Nat. Biotechnol
1351:
1350:
1346:
1333:Wayback Machine
1324:
1320:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1256:
1252:
1243:
1239:
1229:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1196:
1140:
1134:
1077:
1071:
1055:
1049:
1036:green chemistry
1007:to enhance the
1001:
995:
979:the environment
975:
917:
911:
875:nanoelectronics
849:application of
843:
837:
793:
787:
783:
778:
772:
769:
726:
715:
711:primary sources
695:
691:
684:
653:
642:
636:
633:
618:
602:
591:
498:
458:
446:
350:Nanolithography
331:Nanoelectronics
219:Popular culture
181:
141:
129:
114:Societal impact
28:
12:
11:
5:
4554:
4552:
4544:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4531:Nanotechnology
4528:
4518:
4517:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4481:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4450:Sustainability
4447:
4442:
4441:
4440:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4359:
4357:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4345:Water scarcity
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4280:Nitrogen cycle
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4245:Forest dieback
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4180:
4173:Climate change
4170:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4147:
4145:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3990:nanotechnology
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3810:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3774:on marine life
3766:
3765:
3764:
3762:list of issues
3754:
3749:
3744:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3701:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3676:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3612:Source control
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3587:Process safety
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3547:Health physics
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3503:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3478:
3468:
3463:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3435:Safety culture
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3415:Permit To Work
3412:
3410:Lockout-tagout
3407:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3277:
3272:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3221:
3219:
3212:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3090:
3088:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3074:Writer's cramp
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3029:Pneumoconiosis
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2994:Lead poisoning
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2969:Golfer's elbow
2966:
2961:
2956:
2954:Fiddler's neck
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2909:Chronic stress
2906:
2901:
2896:
2894:Cardiovascular
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2850:
2848:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2827:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2804:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2528:Nanotechnology
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2488:
2487:External links
2485:
2484:
2483:
2471:
2462:Mehta, Michael
2458:
2452:
2445:
2442:Alternate link
2432:
2423:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2387:
2360:
2333:(4): 382–384.
2317:
2298:
2245:
2226:(1): 123–148.
2210:
2183:
2165:
2145:www.wmin.ac.uk
2129:
2099:
2073:(2): 268–291.
2050:
1994:
1952:
1940:
1919:
1884:
1853:(5): 319–330.
1833:
1782:
1743:
1698:
1645:
1624:(3): 253–263.
1604:
1571:J Nanopart Res
1561:
1539:
1515:
1496:
1448:
1429:
1387:
1344:
1318:
1263:
1250:
1237:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1195:
1192:
1144:nanotechnology
1136:Main article:
1133:
1130:
1073:Main article:
1070:
1067:
1061:or during the
1051:Main article:
1048:
1045:
1017:sustainability
1005:nanotechnology
997:Main article:
994:
991:
974:
971:
915:Nanotoxicology
913:Main article:
910:
909:Health hazards
907:
885:believes that
859:nanoelectronic
851:nanotechnology
839:Main article:
836:
833:
813:nanotechnology
789:
788:
781:
779:
698:
696:
689:
683:
680:
655:
654:
605:
603:
596:
590:
587:
547:nanotechnology
508:nanotechnology
500:
499:
497:
496:
489:
482:
474:
471:
470:
469:
468:
456:
441:
440:
439:
438:
433:
428:
423:
415:
414:
408:
407:
406:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
377:
376:
370:
369:
368:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
334:
333:
327:
326:
325:
324:
319:
314:
306:
305:
299:
298:
297:
296:
291:
286:
278:
277:
271:
270:
269:
268:
263:
258:
253:
251:Nanotoxicology
248:
240:
239:
229:
228:
227:
226:
221:
216:
211:
203:
202:
200:Nanotechnology
196:
195:
194:of articles on
183:
182:
180:
179:
172:
165:
157:
154:
153:
152:
151:
139:
124:
123:
122:
121:
116:
111:
106:
98:
97:
93:
92:
91:
90:
85:
80:
72:
71:
67:
66:
65:
64:
63:
62:
53:Nanotoxicology
50:
45:
37:
36:
32:
31:
29:nanotechnology
23:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4553:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4482:
4480:
4471:
4470:
4467:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4433:Reforestation
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4388:Cultured meat
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4368:Birth control
4366:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4352:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4190:Deforestation
4188:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4153:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4140:
4134:
4131:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4119:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4018:
4015:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3966:
3965:Manufacturing
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3913:nuclear power
3911:
3909:
3908:fracking (US)
3906:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3873:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3763:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3722:
3717:
3715:
3710:
3708:
3703:
3702:
3699:
3687:
3686:
3677:
3673:
3672:Organizations
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3648:
3647:
3644:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3592:Public health
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3485:United States
3482:
3479:
3476:
3475:United States
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3353:Diving safety
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3218:International
3216:
3213:
3211:organizations
3208:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3084:Occupational
3081:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3054:Sports injury
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2999:Low back pain
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2949:Farmer's lung
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2842:
2839:Occupational
2836:
2832:
2825:
2820:
2818:
2813:
2811:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2790:
2789:
2780:
2779:
2776:
2770:
2769:Transhumanism
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2608:
2603:
2601:
2596:
2594:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2361:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2318:
2313:
2309:
2302:
2299:
2294:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2249:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2214:
2211:
2198:
2194:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2169:
2166:
2150:
2146:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2119:on 2016-03-03
2118:
2114:
2110:
2103:
2100:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2036:10278/3724149
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2007:
1998:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1941:
1929:
1923:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1900:(8): 668–75.
1899:
1895:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1837:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1786:
1783:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1744:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1702:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1649:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1618:Ann Occup Hyg
1615:
1608:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1562:
1550:
1543:
1540:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1512:0-13-101400-5
1509:
1505:
1500:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1445:2-88449-080-9
1442:
1438:
1433:
1430:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1341:1-57059-645-X
1338:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1322:
1319:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1121:post-scarcity
1117:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1069:Social impact
1068:
1066:
1064:
1063:nanomaterials
1060:
1054:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1032:nanomaterials
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1000:
992:
990:
986:
984:
983:nanomaterials
980:
972:
970:
966:
963:
958:
956:
955:particle size
952:
948:
944:
939:
934:
931:
925:
923:
916:
908:
906:
904:
899:
895:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
855:nanomaterials
852:
848:
842:
834:
832:
828:
826:
825:nanomaterials
822:
818:
814:
780:
776:
765:
762:
758:
755:
751:
748:
744:
741:
737:
734: –
733:
729:
728:Find sources:
723:
719:
713:
712:
708:
704:
699:This section
697:
688:
687:
682:Health impact
681:
679:
675:
671:
668:
664:
662:
661:nanoparticles
651:
648:
640:
630:
626:
622:
616:
615:
611:
606:This section
604:
600:
595:
594:
588:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
543:
539:
537:
533:
528:
526:
525:environmental
522:
518:
514:
510:
509:
495:
490:
488:
483:
481:
476:
475:
473:
472:
467:
462:
457:
455:
450:
445:
444:
443:
442:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
418:
417:
416:
413:
409:
404:
403:Nanotribology
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
380:
379:
378:
375:
374:Nanometrology
371:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
337:
336:
335:
332:
328:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
309:
308:
307:
304:
300:
295:
294:Nanoparticles
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
281:
280:
279:
276:
275:Nanomaterials
272:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
243:
242:
241:
238:
234:
230:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
214:Organizations
212:
210:
207:
206:
205:
204:
201:
197:
193:
189:
188:
178:
173:
171:
166:
164:
159:
158:
156:
155:
150:
145:
140:
138:
133:
128:
127:
126:
125:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
101:
100:
99:
94:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
75:
74:
73:
70:Environmental
68:
60:
56:
55:
54:
51:
49:
46:
44:
41:
40:
39:
38:
33:
30:
24:
20:
19:
16:
4126:urban sprawl
4121:Urbanization
4069:Particulates
4054:Overdrafting
3989:
3769:Human impact
3742:Anthropocene
3683:
3654:
3481:Right to sit
3471:Potty parity
3064:Tennis elbow
3059:Surfer's ear
3004:Mesothelioma
2974:Hearing loss
2786:
2673:Robot ethics
2508:NELSI Global
2477:
2465:
2435:
2426:
2417:
2390:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2264:
2258:
2248:
2223:
2219:
2213:
2201:. Retrieved
2196:
2186:
2168:
2156:. Retrieved
2149:the original
2144:
2132:
2121:. Retrieved
2117:the original
2112:
2102:
2091:the original
2070:
2066:
2053:
2010:
2004:
1997:
1972:
1968:
1955:
1943:
1933:11 September
1931:. Retrieved
1922:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1850:
1846:
1836:
1799:
1795:
1785:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1713:
1709:Nano Letters
1707:
1701:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1621:
1617:
1607:
1574:
1570:
1564:
1553:. Retrieved
1542:
1531:. Retrieved
1518:
1499:
1464:
1460:
1451:
1432:
1407:
1403:
1390:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1321:
1296:10261/219978
1278:
1272:
1266:
1253:
1240:
1228:. Retrieved
1218:
1185:
1181:
1156:
1141:
1118:
1106:
1090:
1082:
1078:
1056:
1029:
1002:
987:
976:
967:
959:
935:
926:
918:
891:
844:
841:Nanomedicine
829:
817:human health
810:
770:
760:
753:
746:
739:
727:
707:verification
700:
676:
672:
669:
665:
658:
643:
634:
619:Please help
607:
567:organic food
544:
540:
536:nanomedicine
529:
523:, legal and
505:
503:
426:Nanorobotics
246:Nanomedicine
237:applications
232:
104:Applications
96:Other topics
48:Nanomedicine
26:
15:
4240:Externality
4235:Coral reefs
4195:Defaunation
4064:Overgrazing
4037:overfishing
4017:Marine life
3891:electricity
3814:Agriculture
3517:Drug policy
3454:Legislation
3160:Professions
2984:Indium lung
2879:Brucellosis
2874:Berylliosis
2737:Moore's law
2668:Neuroethics
2663:Cyberethics
2267:(1): 1–21.
2013:(11): 245.
1059:nanodevices
947:respirators
879:speculative
701:needs more
355:Moore's law
4520:Categories
4505:mitigation
4500:assessment
4495:by country
4393:Decoupling
4355:Mitigation
4084:Reservoirs
4005:pesticides
3950:Explosives
3928:reservoirs
3829:irrigation
3617:Toxic tort
3567:Job strain
3537:Ergonomics
3512:Break room
3034:Radium jaw
3024:Phossy jaw
2899:Chalicosis
2869:Barotrauma
2859:Asbestosis
2628:Automation
2197:Technology
2123:2018-10-30
1555:2012-08-24
1533:2012-02-19
1410:(1): 2–9.
1211:References
1152:regulation
1132:Regulation
1125:wealth gap
951:dust masks
922:phagocytes
831:pandemic.
743:newspapers
585:standards
551:regulation
506:impact of
284:Fullerenes
266:Regulation
119:Regulation
4428:Recycling
4094:Transport
4079:Quarrying
4074:Pollution
3933:transport
3923:petroleum
3918:oil shale
3881:biodiesel
3338:Checklist
3306:ISO 45001
3294:Standards
3044:Silicosis
2854:Acrodynia
2658:Bioethics
2240:145413819
2199:. Reuters
2087:146729271
2045:208191400
1989:145495343
1855:CiteSeerX
1802:(1): 22.
1599:137579792
1461:Nat Mater
1313:221495539
1047:Pollution
1025:lifecycle
881:field of
773:June 2016
637:June 2016
608:does not
571:Australia
88:Pollution
27:Impact of
4490:Category
4114:shipping
4099:aviation
3985:plastics
3975:concrete
3960:Land use
3876:biofuels
3844:palm oil
3667:Journals
3656:Category
3582:Overwork
3500:See also
3253:(Canada)
3244:National
3207:Agencies
3069:Tinnitus
2939:Erethism
2846:injuries
2841:diseases
2399:Archived
2355:37725857
2347:17725022
2293:30648562
2176:Archived
1914:26955878
1879:25005544
1828:21794132
1777:27181990
1738:16771565
1685:16456071
1640:21292731
1491:16582920
1424:17292052
1382:40337130
1374:17033654
1329:Archived
1305:32885616
1194:See also
1161:and the
1148:products
589:Overview
573:and the
557:and the
545:Whether
192:a series
190:Part of
4479:Commons
4255:Erosion
4205:Ecocide
4143:Effects
4089:Tourism
4022:fishing
3980:fashion
3903:fashion
3856:Bitcoin
3735:General
3685:Commons
3265:(Spain)
3259:(Italy)
3086:hygiene
2884:Burnout
2370:Futures
2314:: 1–32.
2284:9298627
2158:8 April
2015:Bibcode
1819:3162892
1718:Bibcode
1693:6900874
1665:Bibcode
1656:Science
1579:Bibcode
1469:Bibcode
1169:of the
903:R&D
871:in vivo
847:medical
757:scholar
722:removed
629:removed
614:sources
561:of the
517:ethical
513:medical
261:Hazards
224:Outline
209:History
43:Hazards
4483:
4472:
4044:Mining
3898:energy
3806:Causes
3368:Hazard
3331:Safety
2864:Asthma
2653:Ethics
2621:Topics
2353:
2345:
2291:
2281:
2238:
2203:4 June
2085:
2043:
1987:
1912:
1877:
1857:
1826:
1816:
1775:
1736:
1691:
1683:
1638:
1597:
1510:
1489:
1443:
1422:
1380:
1372:
1339:
1311:
1303:
1230:4 June
930:adsorb
759:
752:
745:
738:
730:
579:Canada
521:mental
233:Impact
4438:urban
4109:roads
4000:paper
3995:paint
3507:Break
2351:S2CID
2236:S2CID
2152:(PDF)
2141:(PDF)
2094:(PDF)
2083:S2CID
2063:(PDF)
2041:S2CID
1985:S2CID
1965:(PDF)
1689:S2CID
1595:S2CID
1527:(PDF)
1400:(PDF)
1378:S2CID
1309:S2CID
857:, to
764:JSTOR
750:books
4104:rail
3886:coal
3849:(US)
3318:(US)
3282:(US)
3271:(UK)
3209:and
2844:and
2788:List
2343:PMID
2289:PMID
2205:2016
2160:2018
1935:2011
1910:PMID
1875:PMID
1824:PMID
1773:PMID
1734:PMID
1681:PMID
1636:PMID
1508:ISBN
1487:PMID
1441:ISBN
1420:PMID
1370:PMID
1337:ISBN
1301:PMID
1232:2016
1096:and
1038:and
936:The
736:news
705:for
612:any
610:cite
504:The
235:and
4133:War
2378:doi
2335:doi
2279:PMC
2269:doi
2228:doi
2075:doi
2031:hdl
2023:doi
1977:doi
1902:doi
1865:doi
1814:PMC
1804:doi
1765:doi
1761:322
1726:doi
1673:doi
1661:311
1626:doi
1587:doi
1477:doi
1412:doi
1362:doi
1291:hdl
1283:doi
1098:IBM
1094:NEC
1027:."
623:by
4522::
2476:,
2374:38
2372:.
2349:.
2341:.
2331:31
2329:.
2310:.
2287:.
2277:.
2265:27
2263:.
2257:.
2234:.
2224:13
2222:.
2195:.
2143:.
2111:.
2081:.
2071:27
2069:.
2065:.
2039:.
2029:.
2021:.
2011:21
2009:.
1983:.
1973:15
1971:.
1967:.
1908:.
1898:16
1896:.
1873:.
1863:.
1851:64
1849:.
1845:.
1822:.
1812:.
1798:.
1794:.
1771:.
1759:.
1755:.
1732:.
1724:.
1712:.
1687:.
1679:.
1671:.
1659:.
1634:.
1622:55
1620:.
1616:.
1593:.
1585:.
1575:11
1573:.
1485:.
1475:.
1463:.
1459:.
1418:.
1406:.
1402:.
1376:.
1368:.
1358:24
1356:.
1307:.
1299:.
1289:.
1277:.
1113:UN
827:.
724:.
575:UK
534:,
519:,
515:,
3720:e
3713:t
3706:v
3487:)
3483:(
3477:)
3473:(
2823:e
2816:t
2809:v
2606:e
2599:t
2592:v
2444:.
2384:.
2380::
2357:.
2337::
2312:8
2295:.
2271::
2242:.
2230::
2207:.
2162:.
2126:.
2077::
2033::
2025::
2017::
1991:.
1979::
1937:.
1916:.
1904::
1881:.
1867::
1830:.
1806::
1800:8
1779:.
1767::
1740:.
1728::
1720::
1714:6
1695:.
1675::
1667::
1642:.
1628::
1601:.
1589::
1581::
1558:.
1536:.
1493:.
1479::
1471::
1465:5
1426:.
1414::
1408:1
1384:.
1364::
1315:.
1293::
1285::
1279:9
1234:.
775:)
771:(
761:·
754:·
747:·
740:·
714:.
650:)
644:(
639:)
635:(
631:.
617:.
493:e
486:t
479:v
176:e
169:t
162:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
