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wear ring clearance increases with use. However, adjustment of impeller bowl clearance does not affect the wear on vanes as critically as open impeller. Closed impellers can be used on a wider range specific speed than open impellers. They are generally used in large pumps and clear water applications. These impellers can't perform effectively with solids and become difficult to clean if clogged.
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on the shaft, increasing bearing life and reliability and reducing shafting cost. However, this more complicated design, including the use of additional wear rings, makes closed impellers more difficult to manufacture and more expensive than open impellers. A closed impeller's efficiency decreases as
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Because impellers do not have large blades to turn, they can spin at much higher speeds than propellers. The water forced through the impeller is channeled by the housing, creating a water jet that propels the vessel forward. The housing is normally tapered into a nozzle to increase the speed of the
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between vanes and pump volute or back plate prevent most of fluid from flowing back. Wear on the bowl and edge of vane can be compensated by adjusting the clearance to maintain efficiency over time. Because the internal parts are visible, open impellers are easier to inspect for damage and maintain
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An open impeller has a hub with attached vanes and is mounted on a shaft. The vanes do not have a wall, making open impellers slightly weaker than closed or semi-closed impellers. However, as the side plate is not fixed to the inlet side of the vane, the blade stresses are significantly lower. In
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being pumped. The velocity achieved by the impeller transfers into pressure when the outward movement of the fluid is confined by the pump casing. An impeller is usually a short cylinder with an open inlet (called an eye) to accept incoming fluid, vanes to push the
710:
Chou, N. K.; Wang, S. S.; Chu, S. H.; Chen, Y. S.; Lin, Y. H.; Chang, C. J.; Shyu, J. J.; Jan, G. J. (2001). "Physiologic analysis of cardiac cycle in an implantable impeller centrifugal left ventricular assist device".
171:. Open impellers are usually faster and easier to maintain. For small pumps and those dealing with suspended solids, open impellers are generally used. Sand locking does not occur as easily as with closed type.
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Impellers in agitated tanks are used to mix fluids or slurry in the tank. This can be used to combine materials in the form of solids, liquids and gas. Mixing the fluids in a tank is very important if there are
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is the impeller. An open impeller has no cover, therefore it can work at higher speeds. A compressor with a covered impeller can have more stages than one that has an open impeller.
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Propellers are axial thrust-giving elements. These elements give a very high degree of swirling in the vessel. The flow pattern generated in the fluid resembles a helix.
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A semi-closed impeller has an additional back wall, giving it more strength. These impellers can pass mixed solid-liquid mixtures at the cost of reduced efficiency.
424:, use meshing impellers to move air through a system. Applications include blast furnaces, ventilation systems, and superchargers for internal combustion engines.
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The construction of closed impellers includes additional back and front walls on both sides of vanes that enhances its strength. This also reduces the
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To work efficiently, there must be a close fit between the impeller and the housing. The housing is normally fitted with a replaceable
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are a sub-class of impellers where the flow both enters and leaves axially, but in many contexts the term "impeller" is reserved for
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than closed impellers. They can also be more easily modified to change flow properties. Open impellers operate on a narrow range of
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The screw impeller design aligns more with an axial progressive channel that allows for solids to be openly handled when rotating.
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an impeller and its spindle as one piece, rather than separately. This combination is sometimes referred to simply as the "rotor."
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Axial flow impellers impose essentially bulk motion and are used on homogenization processes, in which increased fluid
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pumps, the fluid enters the impeller's eye, where vanes add energy and direct it to the nozzle discharge. A close
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in which low pressure behind the impeller pulls more water towards the blades, tending to increase the speed.
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to the fluid, and are used, for example, to mix immiscible liquids or in general when there is a deformable
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Lin, Peng; Liu, Meiqing; Zhao, Wensheng; Liu, Zhiyong; Wu, Yuanwei; Xue, Fei; Zhang, Yipeng (2017).
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Rotor used to increase (or decrease in case of turbines) the pressure and flow of a fluid or gas
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Volvo Penta Stern Drives 2003-2012: Gasoline
Engines & Drive Systems (Seloc Marine Manuals
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65:-propeller rotors where the flow enters axially and leaves radially, especially when creating
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to break. Another application of radial flow impellers is the mixing of very viscous fluids.
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use a stylized depiction of an impeller as a rank badge. Officers wear one or more on their
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Vessels using impellers are normally steered by changing the direction of the water jet.
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or the collar of their firefighting uniform as an equivalent to the "pips" worn by the
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There are two types of impellers, depending on the flow regime created (see figure):
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488:"impeller, n.". OED Online. March 2013. Oxford University Press. 20 March 2013
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that accelerates fluid outward from the center of rotation, thus transferring
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671:"Use of a continuous-flow device in patients awaiting heart transplantation"
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54:, which extracts energy from, and reduces the pressure of, a flowing fluid.
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used to increase the pressure and flow of a fluid. It is the opposite of a
630:"Influence of tip clearance on the performance of a screw axial-flow pump"
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or other particles are thrown against the housing side by the impeller.
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Impellers can be further classified principally into three sub-types:
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but without the large blades. Among other uses, they are used in
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615:"Types of Impeller in Pumps - Selections and Considerations"
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Axial flow impeller (left) and radial flow impeller (right)
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in conditions such as temperature or concentration.
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576:"Open vs. closed impellers – Mc Nally Institute"
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440:to augment or fully replace cardiac function.
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141:, or threaded bore to accept a drive shaft.
34:Impeller from a three-stage air compressor
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369:Agitator for a laundromat washing machine
308:Radial flow impellers impose essentially
112:An impeller is a rotating component of a
89:Several different types of pump impellers
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725:10.1046/j.1525-1594.2001.025008613.x
226:Some impellers are similar to small
634:Advances in Mechanical Engineering
432:Impellers are an integral part of
373:Some constructions of top loading
108:for comparison, diameter 16.25 mm)
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501:Gülich, Johann Friedrich (2010).
555:"Pump Design and Characteristic"
669:Miller, LW; Pagani, FD (2007).
559:The New Zealand Digital Library
526:Manuals, Seloc Marine (2008).
1:
601:Turbomachineary International
100:of cooling system pump of an
381:the laundry during washing.
277:Mixing (process engineering)
238:water, which also creates a
124:that drives the pump to the
597:"Open and Closed Impellers"
234:to power high speed boats.
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438:ventricular assist devices
396:and many countries of the
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274:
207:
204:In centrifugal compressors
647:10.1177/1687814017704357
420:Air pumps, such as the
385:Firefighting rank badge
249:which tends to wear as
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216:centrifugal compressor
210:Centrifugal compressor
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144:It can be cheaper to
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688:10.1056/nejmoa067758
530:. Seloc Publishing.
321:volumetric flow rate
304:Radial flow impeller
265:jet aircraft engines
465:Rim-driven thruster
455:Bladelet (impeller)
355:In washing machines
301:Axial flow impeller
214:The main part of a
57:Strictly speaking,
617:. 30 January 2021.
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183:Closed or shrouded
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758:Marine propulsion
713:Artificial Organs
512:978-3-642-12823-3
503:Centrifugal Pumps
377:use impellers to
361:Agitator (device)
271:In agitated tanks
98:Flexible impeller
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505:(2nd ed.).
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450:Axial fan design
434:axial-flow pumps
375:washing machines
133:radially, and a
114:centrifugal pump
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428:In medicine
259:Compare to
189:thrust load
175:Semi-closed
747:Categories
476:References
436:, used in
402:epaulettes
359:See also:
347:Propellers
275:See also:
232:water jets
228:propellers
208:See also:
75:compressor
59:propellers
656:117627953
331:Propeller
314:interface
292:gradients
261:propeller
247:wear ring
164:clearance
120:from the
733:11531711
697:17761592
444:See also
341:Turbines
81:In pumps
44:impellor
40:impeller
18:Impellor
470:Turbine
392:in the
379:agitate
336:Paddles
135:splined
67:suction
52:turbine
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534:
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410:police
118:energy
753:Pumps
652:S2CID
640:(6).
196:Screw
152:Types
139:keyed
131:fluid
126:fluid
122:motor
69:in a
48:rotor
42:, or
729:PMID
693:PMID
532:ISBN
507:ISBN
408:and
406:army
263:and
251:sand
157:Open
146:cast
106:Coin
71:pump
721:doi
683:doi
679:357
642:doi
73:or
63:non
38:An
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