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pass!" And they wait, and they hope; and they hide the truth from themselves, that it is barbarism, the supreme barbarism, the crowning barbarism that sums up all the daily barbarisms; that it is Nazism, yes, but that before they were its victims, they were its accomplices; that they tolerated that Nazism before it was inflicted on them, that they absolved it, shut their eyes to it, legitimized it, because, until then, it had been applied only to non-European peoples; that they have cultivated that Nazism, that they are responsible for it, and that before engulfing the whole edifice of
Western, Christian civilization in its reddened waters, it oozes, seeps, and trickles from every crack.
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105:
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The imperial boomerang is a paradigm for analyzing the transnational formation of security apparatuses. Since 2000, a growing field of scholarship has focused on the United States as a carceral state. Historiography attributes the origins of the carceral state to a series of intellectual movements in
269:
Schrader's analysis goes a long way toward explaining the seemingly acephalic quality of
American imperialism, a quality which contributes to its ongoing obfuscation. Behind the logic of "liberal hegemony" lies counterinsurgency and professionalized policing, modes of racialized power that structure
201:
hile colonization, with its techniques and its political and juridical weapons, obviously transported
European models to other continents, it also had a considerable boomerang effect on the mechanisms of power in the West, and on the apparatuses, institutions, and techniques of power. A whole series
260:
Some scholars go further to recalibrate Arendt and CĂ©saire's original framework, contending that the directionality of imperial boomerang needs to be re-evaluated. Political scientist Stuart
Schrader argues for a colony-centered explanation to the boomerang effect, especially in the case of the
125:
And then one fine day the bourgeoisie is awakened by a terrific boomerang effect: the gestapos are busy, the prisons fill up, the torturers standing around the racks invent, refine, discuss. People are surprised, they become indignant. They say: "How strange! But never mind—it's Nazism, it will
140:
In the
English translation this is rendered as a "terrific boomerang"; in the original French, however, Césaire did not use the term "boomerang" and instead wrote "un formidable choc en retour"—which can be literally translated as "a tremendous shock in return".
235:
of militarized policing continues to be a crucial aspect of contemporary foreign policy of
Western colonial powers such as the United States, whose early experiments with developing comprehensive coercive state apparatuses and
116:
coined and described the term through his analysis of the development of violent, fascist, and brutalizing tendencies within Europe as connected to the practice of
European colonialism. CĂ©saire wrote in
762:"Policing America's Empire: The United States, the Philippines, and the Rise of the Surveillance State, Alfred W. McCoy. (McCoy is also the author of The Politics of Heroin and A Question of Torture.)"
244:. Focusing on how British and American colonial agents and dispatched military officials transplanted overseas counterinsurgency and police technologies back home, sociologist Julian Go argues:
248:
We can better see how the history of policing is entangled with imperialism and recognize that what is typically called "the militarization of policing" is in an effect of the
202:
of colonial models was brought back to the West, and the result was that the West could practice something resembling colonization, or an internal colonialism, on itself.
219:
Historians and social scientists have focussed on the effects of the United States' overseas empire. The imperial boomerang has been invoked to explain the ongoing
161:, Arendt considers the Soviet and the Nazi regimes alongside European colonies in Africa and Asia, as their later and gruesome transformation. She analyzes Russian
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241:
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for a very long time. Rather, they were exceptional in that they were applied to
Europeans within Europe, rather than to colonized populations in the
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United States where imperial and racial violence predates the heyday of the
American empire. In her comments of Schrader's work, political scientist
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the everyday lives of people in
America and throughout the world while deflecting attention away from that power at every level.
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territories will eventually deploy those same techniques domestically against their own citizens. This concept originates with
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the 19th century and the earlier decades of the 20th century, from statistical anti-Black racism of the
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460:"The Imperial Boomerang: How colonial methods of repression migrate back to the metropolis"
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Policing Empires: Militarization, Race, and the Imperial Boomerang in Britain and the US
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From the War on Poverty to the War on Crime: The Making of Mass Incarceration in America
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Badges Without Borders: How Global Counterinsurgency Transformed American Policing
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The Condemnation of Blackness: Race, Crime, and the Making of Modern Urban America
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Between War and Politics: International Relations and the Thought of Hannah Arendt
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Multidirectional Memory: Remembering the Holocaust in the Age of Decolonization
790:"Dismantling the Imperial Boomerang: A Reckoning with Globalised Police Power"
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Hannah Arendt and the Uses of History: Imperialism, Nation, Race, and Genocide
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349:. Translated by Pinkham, Joan. New York: Monthly Review Press. p. 36.
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had been killing millions of people worldwide as part of the process of
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231:. Such deployment has proliferated worldwide, considering that the
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were not exceptional from a world-wide view because European
845:. Oakland, California: University of California Press.
604:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
576:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
510:
Internal Colonization: Russia's Imperial Experience
179:
Internal Colonization: Russia's Imperial Experience
493:(in French). Paris: Présence Africaine. p. 7.
63:(1951). According to both writers, the methods of
820:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 17.
539:"Foucault's boomerang: the new military urbanism"
333:
331:
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632:Cities Under Siege: The New Military Urbanism
223:and their domestic deployment in response to
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23:is the thesis that governments that develop
434:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
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242:American colonization of the Philippines
197:repeated these ideas. According to him:
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53:agreed with this usage, calling it the
49:in the first half of the 20th century.
659:"The Racist Origins of U.S. Policing"
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7:
406:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
788:Makalintal, Joshua M. (May 2021).
14:
636:. London; New York: Verso Books.
513:. Oxford: John Wiley & Sons.
165:as a stage in the development of
792:. State of Power 2021 (Report).
185:Association with Foucault (1976)
173:. Her analysis was continued by
458:Woodman, Connor (9 June 2020).
305:Chowdhury, Tanzil (June 2022).
216:to the Johnson administration.
100:CĂ©saire's original usage (1950)
732:Schrader, Stuart (Fall 2020).
697:International Politics Reviews
159:The Origins of Totalitarianism
60:The Origins of Totalitarianism
41:(1950) where it is called the
1:
767:University of Wisconsin Press
734:"Defund the Global Policeman"
491:Discours sur le colonialisme
378:. New York: Berghahn Books.
240:techniques began during the
207:In critical security studies
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91:did not originate the term.
16:Concept in political science
657:Go, Julian (16 July 2020).
909:
710:10.1057/s41312-020-00078-7
307:"The "Terrific Boomerang""
254:imperial-military feedback
45:to explain the origins of
841:Schrader, Stuart (2019).
83:. It is sometimes called
888:Sociological terminology
345:Discourse on Colonialism
221:militarization of police
191:Society Must Be Defended
133:Discourse on Colonialism
119:Discourse on Colonialism
38:Discourse on Colonialism
794:Transnational Institute
598:Muhammad, Khalil Gibran
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27:techniques to control
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153:Hannah Arendt in 1933
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145:Arendt's usage (1951)
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537:(14 February 2013).
189:In his 1976 lecture
108:Aimé Césaire in 2003
85:Foucault's boomerang
814:Go, Julian (2023).
693:"Beyond Boomerang"
370:King, Richard H.;
250:imperial boomerang
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43:terrific boomerang
21:imperial boomerang
878:Political science
852:978-0-520-29562-9
827:978-0-19-762165-3
689:Morefield, Jeanne
643:978-1-84467-762-7
611:978-0-674-03597-3
583:978-0-674-73723-5
566:Hinton, Elizabeth
520:978-0-7456-7354-7
505:Etkind, Alexander
441:978-0-8047-6217-5
428:Rothberg, Michael
413:978-0-19-929936-2
385:978-1-84545-589-7
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65:Adolf Hitler
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703:(1): 3–10.
465:Verso Books
281:Imperialism
163:pan-Slavism
867:Categories
372:Stone, Dan
292:References
69:Nazi Party
25:repressive
719:220962507
112:In 1950,
628:(2011).
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568:(2016).
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430:(2009).
402:(2007).
341:(2000).
275:See also
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129:—
67:and the
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95:History
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167:racism
135:(1950)
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19:The
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