463:
Species
Conservatory Foundation (RSCF), areas such as the Northern Forest Reserve and the Central Forest Reserve are protected. However areas adjacent to the Northern Forest Reserve and the Central Forest Reserve remain unprotected. Efforts are being made to help make other areas of Dominica protected. Many of the organizations have helped create groups of people to raise awareness, provide education, and conduct research. The educational programs held in Dominica have reduced the bird trade. The first successful breeding of this species by humans was conducted in 2011. The captive-bred parrot developed fully in 12 weeks and resembled the wild imperial amazon parrots. No one really knew what the reproductive potential of these parrots was. The imperial amazon has the lowest reproductive potential of any of the
42:
112:
296:
233:
491:
on the black market. In the 1900s there were efforts to ban all illegal bird captivity and trading, but foreign traders still try to hunt this bird; some are successful. The development of plantations has also reduced their habitat, especially the cultivation of bananas (Snyder et al. 2000). Encroachment of human development has been a big issue as well, and conservationists are trying save the birds' preferred habitat.
70:
420:
340:
parents will take care of and feed the chicks until they are fully feathered and ready to leave the nest. The chicks use typical "begging calls" when hungry, to which either parent will respond with food. Usually only one chick survives to fledging and, typically, sisserou pairs fledge a single chick every other year; however, there have been documented exceptions.
1141:
490:
Habitat loss is caused by human disturbance in the forest, with selective logging and the deforestation. Trapping for food and trade is still a threat, even though education programmes have reduced the local market greatly. Illegal animal trading is a big market, and these birds are hunted to be sold
339:
Between
February and April, nesting occurs and the female will lay a clutch of two white eggs in a deep cavity inside a rainforest tree, returning to the same tree year after year. For 26–28 days, the female will incubate the eggs. During fledging, which occurs between June and early September, both
462:
The imperial amazon is a critically endangered species. There are estimated to be only about 50 mature individuals left in the wild as of 2019. There have been many efforts to help the habitat for these parrots. With the help of
Dominica's Forestry, and the Wildlife and Parks Division and the Rare
317:
Males and females have identical plumage: the chest is a dark shade of purple, and the upper parts and feathers are a dark shade of green, with black-edged feather tips. The eye-ring is dark brown, with the eye being a mix of orange and red. Juvenile appearance does not differ much, with a higher
430:
The imperial amazon is endemic to the
Caribbean island nation of Dominica in the Lesser Antilles where it inhabits mountain forest areas above 2,100 ft (625 m). It is the island's national bird and also appears on the country's flag. The species frequently occurs in the
326:
The call of the sisserou resides in the higher frequencies, a loud and even "squeaky" mix between shriek, squawk, and trill. They are shy, difficult to approach, and usually travel in groups of three or fewer. They sometimes flock together with
498:
creates a tough living environment for imperial amazons. They mate only for a couple of months of the year, and guard their nests the rest of the year. A good quality nesting site is key to the survival and upbringing of their offspring.
534:) may be the same bird as the imperial amazon, if not a close relative. Based on old descriptions alone, the information on the Guadeloupe amazon, pairs well with what is observed about the imperial amazon. A bone found on
306:
The imperial amazon measures an average of 48 cm (19 in) in length. With males weighing an average of 900 g (32 oz) and females 650 g (23 oz), the species is large for its genus.
1101:
Olson, S. L.; López, E. J. Máiz (2008). "New evidence of Ara autochthones from an archeological site in Puerto Rico: a valid species of West Indian macaw of unknown geographical origin (Aves: Psittacidae)"".
454:. They occur mostly at elevations of 600–1300 m above sea level. However, there have been reports of them at 150 to 300 meters in elevation because of food storage or foraging preferences.
314:
feet and a thick, hooked bill with a muscular tongue. This bill is fashioned in such a way that, using its hinged mandibles and tongue, the sisserou can easily move food around in its mouth.
343:
These parrots mate for life and are extremely faithful to each other. They might seek another mate only after a mate dies. However, the bird may grieve to death rather than find a new mate.
331:. They are good climbers and strong flyers with powerful wings. They prefer to perch on the tops of trees. They are difficult to detect, as they are well camouflaged by their plumage.
1773:
825:
1798:
1641:
1087:
1680:
772:
680:
1615:
1185:
1654:
885:
1788:
961:
1151:
983:
1783:
650:
821:
723:
351:
The sisserou's diet consists of fruits, seeds, nuts, berries, blossoms and palm shoots. Their favorite foods include the fruits of
1793:
444:
1659:
908:
41:
801:
74:
1145:
1079:
1412:
1178:
745:
616:
1685:
50:
864:
1224:
111:
1693:
1350:
1003:
Reillo, PR; Durand, S; Burton, M (2011). "First captive breeding of the imperial parrot (Amazona imperialis)".
222:
769:
1778:
1171:
933:
1698:
1521:
672:
1543:
1483:
1466:
483:
of August 1979 was one of the strongest that hit
Dominica and impacted the population. Another hit was by
300:
720:
359:
1375:
1370:
1338:
1234:
383:
284:
206:
1326:
881:
586:
401:
389:
1602:
1535:
1397:
1321:
1269:
1249:
1244:
395:
371:
1355:
1333:
1301:
1264:
1239:
59:
1456:
1443:
1402:
1360:
1291:
1259:
1119:
106:
1382:
1157:
958:
1646:
1719:
1672:
1566:
1427:
1422:
1392:
1311:
1306:
1229:
1061:
1020:
527:
507:
328:
295:
1724:
1316:
1274:
1111:
1051:
1012:
980:
581:
476:
432:
424:
365:
280:
1548:
1706:
1460:
1286:
1279:
987:
965:
912:
868:
829:
805:
776:
749:
727:
642:
503:
484:
480:
407:
377:
287:. In 2019, it was estimated there were only about 50 mature individuals left in the wild.
563:
1296:
1219:
511:
440:
232:
1767:
1667:
1343:
1194:
1040:"First observations of the impacts of Hurricane Maria on the endemic imperial amazon"
572:
535:
276:
183:
79:
1750:
1123:
1571:
1365:
1254:
487:
in
September 2017, which caused extensive damage on the island, affecting habitat.
451:
436:
1558:
1163:
905:
546:
either inhabited, or was traded between, all three islands in prehistoric times.
1737:
1628:
1515:
1038:
Palmer, Charlotte A.; Martin, Thomas E.; Durand, Stephen; Lamont, Myles (2018).
173:
1506:
798:
419:
17:
1745:
1056:
1039:
311:
1065:
742:
353:
268:
123:
1115:
1024:
608:
1140:
450:
Imperial amazons are found primarily in mountain rainforest, sometimes in
439:
Valley on the northwest side of the mountain. A small population has been
1711:
1500:
272:
143:
1594:
832:. Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
1620:
1530:
1211:
990:. Imperial Amazon Videos, Photos and Facts. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
861:
1016:
1633:
515:
264:
163:
133:
1584:
1477:
1732:
1579:
1198:
418:
294:
96:
90:
925:
1607:
871:
Rare
Species Conservatory Foundation. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
299:
Illustration of the imperial amazon parrot by
English zoologist
153:
1481:
1167:
822:"Two Sisserou Chicks From One Nest: New Discovery by Dominica"
495:
752:, New Hampshire Public Television. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
882:"National Flag - Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica"
538:(between Dominica and Guadeloupe) has been assigned to
494:
Nesting cavity competition with red-necked amazons and
411:
palms. Usually, they feed in the morning and evening.
976:
974:
743:"Psittacidae – Parrots, Parakeets, Macaws, Cockatoos"
637:
635:
633:
318:
occurrence of green plumage and strictly brown eyes.
1490:
1436:
1411:
1210:
587:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22686411A154800996.en
310:Being of the family Psittacidae, the sisserou has
730:. World Parrot Trust. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
959:"Species." Imperial Amazon (Amazona imperialis)
816:
814:
1179:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
764:
762:
760:
758:
716:
714:
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
475:A major cause of population decline has been
8:
844:
842:
840:
838:
1774:IUCN Red List critically endangered species
998:
996:
954:
952:
950:
738:
736:
435:in northern Dominica, especially the upper
1478:
1186:
1172:
1164:
677:Government of the Commonwealth of Dominica
231:
68:
40:
31:
1055:
926:"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species"
852:. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998.
585:
850:Parrots: a guide to parrots of the world
554:
51:Parrot Conservation and Research Centre
1799:Taxa named by Charles Wallace Richmond
981:"Imperial Amazon (Amazona Imperialis)"
862:"Imperial Amazon (Amazona imperialis)"
721:"Imperial Amazon" (Amazona Imperialis)
683:from the original on 13 February 2013
27:Species of rare bird in the Caribbean
7:
930:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
573:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
405:, and the nuts and young shoots of
502:Imperial amazons are preyed on by
25:
799:Imperial Amazon / Imperial Parrot
653:from the original on 7 March 2016
279:of Dominica, and features on the
1139:
1090:from the original on 2021-01-16.
1080:"Imperial Amazon - Text account"
906:BirdLife. Amazona imperialis. 20
445:Morne Trois Pitons National Park
275:. It has been designated as the
110:
936:from the original on 2020-03-04
888:from the original on 2024-04-30
619:from the original on 2017-12-05
562:BirdLife International (2019).
848:Juniper, Tony, and Mike Parr.
1:
1789:National symbols of Dominica
1104:Caribbean Journal of Science
968:. Retrieved 25 October 2013.
915:. Retrieved 24 October 2013.
779:. Retrieved 23 October 2013.
526:The hypothetical or extinct
399:, the flowers and seeds of
1815:
1086:. BirdLife International.
1784:Endemic birds of Dominica
1452:
1225:Vinaceous-breasted amazon
1057:10.1017/S0030605318000364
643:"ADW: Amazona imperialis"
580:: e.T22686411A154800996.
281:national flag of Dominica
230:
212:
205:
107:Scientific classification
105:
88:
66:
57:
48:
39:
34:
1351:Yellow-shouldered amazon
1160:- BirdLife International
770:Amazona imperialis. 2001
415:Distribution and habitat
1794:Birds described in 1899
458:Status and conservation
1467:List of amazon parrots
1116:10.18475/cjos.v44i2.a9
427:
303:
301:David William Mitchell
1376:Southern mealy amazon
1371:Northern mealy amazon
1339:Yellow-crowned amazon
1235:Red-spectacled amazon
422:
384:Symphonia globulifera
298:
285:critically endangered
75:Critically Endangered
1398:Orange-winged amazon
1322:Yellow-headed amazon
1270:Lilac-crowned amazon
1250:Yellow-billed amazon
1245:White-fronted amazon
1148:at Wikimedia Commons
647:Animal Diversity Web
609:"Appendices | CITES"
255:, also known as the
1457:Neotropical parrots
1356:Blue-fronted amazon
1334:Yellow-naped amazon
1302:Blue-cheeked amazon
1265:Puerto Rican amazon
1240:Black-billed amazon
360:Licania ternatensis
60:Conservation status
53:, Roseau, Dominica
1751:Amazona-imperialis
1522:Amazona imperialis
1492:Amazona imperialis
1444:Blue-winged amazon
1403:St. Vincent amazon
1361:Scaly-naped amazon
1327:Tres Marías amazon
1292:Red-crowned amazon
1260:Hispaniolan amazon
1146:Amazona imperialis
986:2013-10-29 at the
964:2016-04-11 at the
911:2012-11-11 at the
867:2010-07-04 at the
828:2013-10-29 at the
808:. 22 October 2013.
804:2013-10-29 at the
797:Johnson, Sibylle.
775:2014-09-01 at the
748:2013-10-29 at the
726:2024-04-30 at the
566:Amazona imperialis
542:and suggests that
508:broad-winged hawks
428:
329:red-necked amazons
304:
267:found only on the
248:Amazona imperialis
216:Amazona imperialis
198:A. imperialis
1761:
1760:
1720:Open Tree of Life
1484:Taxon identifiers
1475:
1474:
1428:Martinique amazon
1423:Guadeloupe amazon
1393:Red-tailed amazon
1312:Red-necked amazon
1307:Red-browed amazon
1158:Species factsheet
1144:Media related to
1017:10.1002/zoo.20374
820:Durand, Stephan.
528:Guadeloupe amazon
522:Guadeloupe amazon
283:. The species is
239:
238:
100:
83:
16:(Redirected from
1806:
1754:
1753:
1741:
1740:
1728:
1727:
1715:
1714:
1702:
1701:
1689:
1688:
1676:
1675:
1663:
1662:
1650:
1649:
1637:
1636:
1624:
1623:
1611:
1610:
1598:
1597:
1588:
1587:
1575:
1574:
1562:
1561:
1552:
1551:
1539:
1538:
1536:B78B2F8372C17D9D
1526:
1525:
1524:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1479:
1437:Disputed species
1317:St. Lucia amazon
1275:Red-lored amazon
1188:
1181:
1174:
1165:
1143:
1128:
1127:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1059:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1000:
991:
978:
969:
956:
945:
944:
942:
941:
922:
916:
903:
897:
896:
894:
893:
878:
872:
859:
853:
846:
833:
818:
809:
795:
780:
766:
753:
740:
731:
718:
693:
692:
690:
688:
669:
663:
662:
660:
658:
639:
628:
627:
625:
624:
605:
599:
598:
596:
594:
589:
559:
504:boa constrictors
433:Morne Diablotins
425:flag of Dominica
402:Chimarcis cymosa
390:Pouteria pollida
366:Richeria grandis
253:Dominican amazon
235:
218:
115:
114:
94:
77:
72:
71:
44:
35:Imperial amazon
32:
21:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1749:
1744:
1736:
1731:
1723:
1718:
1710:
1707:Observation.org
1705:
1697:
1692:
1684:
1679:
1671:
1666:
1658:
1653:
1645:
1640:
1632:
1627:
1619:
1614:
1606:
1601:
1593:
1591:
1583:
1578:
1570:
1565:
1557:
1555:
1547:
1542:
1534:
1529:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1486:
1476:
1471:
1448:
1432:
1415:extinct species
1414:
1407:
1388:Imperial amazon
1383:Kawall's amazon
1287:Diademed amazon
1280:Lilacine amazon
1206:
1192:
1136:
1131:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1002:
1001:
994:
988:Wayback Machine
979:
972:
966:Wayback Machine
957:
948:
939:
937:
924:
923:
919:
913:Wayback Machine
904:
900:
891:
889:
880:
879:
875:
869:Wayback Machine
860:
856:
847:
836:
830:Wayback Machine
819:
812:
806:Wayback Machine
796:
783:
777:Wayback Machine
767:
756:
750:Wayback Machine
741:
734:
728:Wayback Machine
719:
696:
686:
684:
673:"National Bird"
671:
670:
666:
656:
654:
641:
640:
631:
622:
620:
607:
606:
602:
592:
590:
561:
560:
556:
552:
524:
512:common opossums
485:Hurricane Maria
481:Hurricane David
473:
460:
417:
378:Simarouba amara
349:
337:
324:
293:
261:sisserou parrot
243:imperial amazon
226:
220:
214:
201:
109:
101:
84:
73:
69:
62:
28:
23:
22:
18:Imperial parrot
15:
12:
11:
5:
1812:
1810:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1779:Amazon parrots
1776:
1766:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1742:
1729:
1716:
1703:
1690:
1677:
1664:
1651:
1638:
1625:
1612:
1599:
1589:
1576:
1563:
1553:
1540:
1527:
1512:
1496:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1419:
1417:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1336:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1297:Yucatan amazon
1294:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1230:Tucumán amazon
1227:
1222:
1220:Festive amazon
1216:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1195:Amazon parrots
1193:
1191:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1135:
1134:External links
1132:
1130:
1129:
1110:(2): 215–222.
1093:
1071:
1050:(3): 410–411.
1030:
992:
970:
946:
917:
898:
873:
854:
834:
810:
781:
768:Carbone, Jim.
754:
732:
694:
664:
629:
600:
553:
551:
548:
523:
520:
472:
469:
459:
456:
416:
413:
396:Tapuru atillan
372:Amanoa carboea
348:
345:
336:
333:
323:
320:
292:
289:
237:
236:
228:
227:
221:
210:
209:
203:
202:
195:
193:
189:
188:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
164:Psittaciformes
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
103:
102:
89:
86:
85:
67:
64:
63:
58:
55:
54:
46:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1811:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1554:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1413:Hypothetical
1410:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1344:Panama amazon
1342:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1097:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1011:(3): 328–41.
1010:
1006:
999:
997:
993:
989:
985:
982:
977:
975:
971:
967:
963:
960:
955:
953:
951:
947:
935:
931:
927:
921:
918:
914:
910:
907:
902:
899:
887:
883:
877:
874:
870:
866:
863:
858:
855:
851:
845:
843:
841:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
817:
815:
811:
807:
803:
800:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
782:
778:
774:
771:
765:
763:
761:
759:
755:
751:
747:
744:
739:
737:
733:
729:
725:
722:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
695:
682:
678:
674:
668:
665:
652:
648:
644:
638:
636:
634:
630:
618:
614:
610:
604:
601:
588:
583:
579:
575:
574:
569:
567:
558:
555:
549:
547:
545:
544:A. imperialis
541:
537:
536:Marie-Galante
533:
529:
521:
519:
517:
513:
509:
505:
500:
497:
492:
488:
486:
482:
478:
470:
468:
466:
457:
455:
453:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
426:
421:
414:
412:
410:
409:
404:
403:
398:
397:
392:
391:
386:
385:
380:
379:
374:
373:
368:
367:
362:
361:
356:
355:
346:
344:
341:
334:
332:
330:
321:
319:
315:
313:
308:
302:
297:
290:
288:
286:
282:
278:
277:national bird
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
249:
244:
234:
229:
224:
219:
217:
211:
208:
207:Binomial name
204:
200:
199:
194:
191:
190:
187:
186:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
113:
108:
104:
98:
92:
87:
81:
76:
65:
61:
56:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
1491:
1387:
1366:Mealy amazon
1255:Cuban amazon
1202:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1083:
1074:
1047:
1043:
1033:
1008:
1004:
938:. Retrieved
929:
920:
901:
890:. Retrieved
876:
857:
849:
687:15 September
685:. Retrieved
676:
667:
657:14 September
655:. Retrieved
646:
621:. Retrieved
612:
603:
591:. Retrieved
577:
571:
565:
557:
543:
539:
531:
525:
501:
493:
489:
474:
464:
461:
452:elfin forest
449:
441:reintroduced
437:Picard River
429:
406:
400:
394:
388:
382:
376:
370:
364:
358:
352:
350:
342:
338:
325:
316:
309:
305:
260:
256:
252:
247:
246:
242:
240:
215:
213:
197:
196:
184:
29:
1694:Neotropical
1629:iNaturalist
1516:Wikispecies
593:12 November
540:A. violacea
532:A. violacea
291:Description
174:Psittacidae
1768:Categories
1746:Xeno-canto
940:2020-01-16
892:2021-03-09
623:2022-01-14
550:References
477:hurricanes
312:zygodactyl
271:island of
93:Appendix I
1152:Fact file
1084:Data Zone
1066:0030-6053
613:cites.org
467:species.
357:species,
354:Dacryodes
269:Caribbean
192:Species:
130:Kingdom:
124:Eukaryota
1733:Species+
1673:22686411
1647:10217327
1549:22686411
1544:BirdLife
1507:Q1165844
1501:Wikidata
1463:: Arini)
1154:- ARKive
1124:54593515
1088:Archived
1025:21181874
1005:Zoo Biol
984:Archived
962:Archived
934:Archived
909:Archived
886:Archived
865:Archived
826:Archived
802:Archived
773:Archived
746:Archived
724:Archived
681:Archived
651:Archived
617:Archived
335:Breeding
322:Behavior
273:Dominica
257:sisserou
223:Richmond
170:Family:
144:Chordata
140:Phylum:
134:Animalia
120:Domain:
80:IUCN 3.1
1699:imppar1
1621:2479610
1608:1178078
1585:imppar1
1559:imppar1
1531:Avibase
1212:Species
1203:Amazona
471:Threats
465:Amazona
443:in the
423:On the
408:Euterpe
347:Feeding
263:, is a
185:Amazona
180:Genus:
160:Order:
150:Class:
95: (
78: (
49:At the
1725:831222
1686:241577
1660:554930
1592:ECOS:
1122:
1064:
1023:
265:parrot
225:, 1899
1712:71666
1642:IRMNG
1634:19001
1580:eBird
1572:5TZTL
1556:BOW:
1461:tribe
1199:genus
1120:S2CID
251:) or
97:CITES
91:CITES
1738:8804
1681:NCBI
1668:IUCN
1655:ITIS
1616:GBIF
1595:5510
1062:ISSN
1044:Oryx
1021:PMID
689:2017
659:2017
595:2021
578:2019
516:rats
514:and
496:owls
241:The
154:Aves
1603:EoL
1567:CoL
1112:doi
1052:doi
1013:doi
582:doi
259:or
1770::
1748::
1735::
1722::
1709::
1696::
1683::
1670::
1657::
1644::
1631::
1618::
1605::
1582::
1569::
1546::
1533::
1518::
1503::
1201::
1118:.
1108:44
1106:.
1082:.
1060:.
1048:52
1046:.
1042:.
1019:.
1009:30
1007:.
995:^
973:^
949:^
932:.
928:.
884:.
837:^
824:.
813:^
784:^
757:^
735:^
697:^
679:.
675:.
649:.
645:.
632:^
615:.
611:.
576:.
570:.
518:.
510:,
506:,
479:.
447:.
393:,
387:,
381:,
375:,
369:,
363:,
1459:(
1205:)
1197:(
1187:e
1180:t
1173:v
1126:.
1114::
1068:.
1054::
1027:.
1015::
943:.
895:.
691:.
661:.
626:.
597:.
584::
568:"
564:"
530:(
245:(
99:)
82:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
