Roman province - Knowledge (XXG)

722: 1052:. In the immediate aftermath, a quaestor was sent to Sicily to look out for Roman interests but eventually, praetors were dispatched as well. The sources differ as to when sending a praetor became normal: Appian reports 241 BC; Solinus indicates 227 BC instead. Regardless, the change likely reflected Roman unease about Carthaginian power: quaestors could not command armies or fleets; praetors could and initially seem to have held largely garrison duties. This first province started a permanent shift in Roman thinking about 4469: 734: 1342: 158: 1855: 51: 2894: 1072:

provinces, the Roman commanders were initially not intended as administrators. However, the presence of the commander with forces sufficient to coerce compliance made him an obvious place to seek final judgement. A governor's legal jurisdiction thus grew from the demands of the provincial inhabitants for authoritative settlement of disputes.

2681:(in western Greece and southern Albania), Epirus was originally under the province of Macedonia. It was placed under Achaia in 27 BC except for its northernmost part, which remained part of Macedonia. It became a separate province under Trajan, sometime between 103 and 114 AD, and was renamed Epirus Nova (New Epirus) (imperial 1305:

had gone out of use by the end of the republic and was regardless in inferior status to a proconsul. More radically, Egypt (which was sufficiently powerful that a commander there could start a rebellion against the emperor) was commanded by an equestrian prefect, "a very low title indeed" as prefects

1090:

to try corruption cases; troubles with corruption and laws reacting to it continued through the republican era. By the end of the republic, a multitude of laws had been passed on how a governor would complete his task, requiring presence in the province, regulating how he could requisition goods from

1129:

While many of the provinces had been assigned to sitting praetors in the earlier part of the second century, with new praetorships created to fill empty provincial commands, by the start of the first century it had become uncommon for praetors to hold provincial commands during their formal annual

1326:

who were ex-consuls. The public provinces' governors normally served only one year; the imperial provinces' governors on the other hand normally served several years before rotating out. The extent to which the emperor exercised control over all the provinces increased during the imperial period:

1317:

Within the public and imperial provinces there also existed distinctions of rank. In the public provinces, the provinces of Africa and Asia were given only to ex-consuls; ex-praetors received the others. The imperial provinces eventually produced a three-tier system with prefects and procurators,

1236:

that year with his consular colleague month-by-month and announced the abolition of the triumvirate by the end of the year in accordance with promises to do so at the close of the civil wars. At the start of 27 BC, Augustus formally had a provincial command over all of Rome's provinces. That

1075:

In the absence of opportunities for conquest and with little oversight for their activities, many praetorian governors settled on extorting the provincials. This profiteering threatened Roman control by unnecessarily angering the province's subject populations and was regardless dishonourable. It

1071:

emerged, magistrates assigned to permanent provinces also came under pressures to achieve as much as possible during their terms. Whenever a military crisis occurred near some province, it was normally reassigned to one of the consuls; praetors were left with the garrison duties. In the permanent

1281:

but, due to their lack of an independent command, were unable to triumph and could be replaced by their superior (Augustus) at any time. These arrangements were likely based on the precedent of Pompey's proconsulship over the Spanish provinces after 55 BC entirely through legates, while he

1247:

was complete. In return, at a carefully-managed meeting of the senate, he was given commands over Spain, Gaul, Syria, Cilicia, Cyprus, and Egypt to hold for ten years; these provinces contained 22 of the 28 extant Roman legions (over 80 per cent) and contained all prospective military theatres.

1099:

Prior to 123 BC, the senate assigned consular provinces as it wished, usually in its first meeting of the consular year. The specific provinces to be assigned were normally determined by lot or by mutual agreement among the commanders; only extraordinarily did the senate assign a command

1219:

an overlapping command over large portions of the Mediterranean. The senate, which had long acted as a check on aristocratic ambitions, was unable to stop these immense commands, which culminated eventually with the reduction of the number of meaningfully-independent governors during the

1011:

in Hispania was not accompanied by the creation of any regular administration of the area; indeed, even though two praetors were assigned to Hispania regularly from 196 BC, no systematic settlement of the region occurred for nearly thirty years and what administration occurred was

1306:

were normally low-ranking officers and equestrians were not normally part of the elite. In Augustus' "second settlement" of 23 BC, he gave up his continual holding of the consulship in exchange for a general proconsulship – with a special dispensation from the law that nullified

2014:(central and part of northern France) province created in the territories in Gaul conquered by Julius Caesar; there is uncertainty as to whether it was created with Augustus’ first visit and the first census on Gaul or during Augustus’ visit in 16–13 (imperial proconsular province) 2368:), Augustus subdued its inhabitants, the Salassi, in 15 BC. It was incorporated into Raetia. The date of the creation of the province is uncertain. It is usually set at the date of Claudius' foundation of Forum Claudii Vallensium (Martigny), which became its capital (imperial 1470:(Record of Offices), a document dating from the early 5th century. Most data is drawn from this authentic imperial source, as the names of the areas governed and titles of the governors are given there. There are however debates about the source of some data recorded in the 1182:

In the late Republican period, Roman authorities generally preferred that a majority of people in Rome's provinces venerated, respected, and worshipped gods from Rome proper and Roman Italy to an extent, alongside normal services done in honor of their "traditional" gods.

1058:. Instead of being a task of military expansion, it became a recurrent defensive assignment to oversee conquered territories. These defensive assignments, with few opportunities to gain glory, were less desirable and therefore became regularly assigned to the praetors. 1120:, as it was not always realistic for the senate to anticipate the theatres of war some six months in advance. Instead, the senate chose to assign consuls to permanent provinces near expected trouble spots. From 200 to 124 BC, only 22 per cent of recorded consular 1327:

Tiberius, for example, once reprimanded legates in the imperial provinces for failing to forward financial reports to the senate; by the reign of Claudius, however, the senatorial provinces' proconsuls were regularly issued with orders directly from the emperor.

1170:. This innovation destabilised the system of assigning provincial commands, exacerbated internal political tensions, and later allowed ambitious politicians to assemble for themselves enormous commands which the senate would never have approved: the Pompeian 2797:

Many of the above provinces were under Roman military control or under the rule of Roman clients for a long time before being officially constituted as civil provinces. Only the date of the official formation of the province is marked above, not the date of

1201:

principle of annually-elected magistracies. This allowed the powerful men to amass disproportionate wealth and military power through their provincial commands, which was one of the major factors in the transition from a republic to an imperial

2269:), after the death of Ptolemy, the last king of Mauretania, in AD 40, his kingdom was annexed. It was begun by Caligula and was completed by Claudius with the defeat of the rebels. In AD 42 Claudius divided it into two provinces( imperial 1510:

made the next great changes in 534–536 by abolishing, in some provinces, the strict separation of civil and military authority that Diocletian had established.This process was continued on a larger scale with the creation of extraordinary

2292:), it was incorporated into the empire in 16 BC. It was called a province, but it remained a client kingdom under the control of an imperial procurator. It was turned into a proper province during the reign of Claudius (41–54) (imperial 1449:, which was sometimes called 'New Rome' because it became the permanent seat of the government. In Italy itself, Rome had not been the imperial residence for some time and 286 Diocletian formally moved the seat of government to 1263:, as their commanders were still assigned by the senate on an annual basis consistent with tradition. Because no one man could command in practically all the border-regions of the empire at once, Augustus appointed subordinate 1000:

saw the Macedonian province revived, the senate settled affairs in the region by abolishing Macedonia and replacing it with four client republics. Macedonia only came under direct Roman administration in the aftermath of the

3742: 1114:, which required the senate to select the consular provinces before the consular elections and made this announcement immune from tribunician veto. The law had the effect of, over time, abolishing the temporary 2443:(between France and Italy), in 14 BC it became a nominal prefecture which was run by the ruling dynasty of the Cotii. It was named after the king, Marcus Julius Cottius. It became a province in 63 (imperial 1134:

after the end of their term. The use of prorogation was due to an insufficient number of praetors, which was for two reasons: more provinces needed commands and the increased number of permanent jury courts

729:(31 BC – AD 14), showing the empire as of 31 BC in yellow, additions to 19 BC in dark green, additions in 9 BC in light green, and additions to AD 6 in pale green. Client states in mauve. 1282:

stayed in the vicinity of Rome. In contrast, the public provinces continued to be governed by proconsuls with formally independent commands. In only three of the public provinces were there any armies:

841:

rank, perhaps as a discouragement to senatorial ambition. That exception was unique but not contrary to Roman law, as Egypt was considered Augustus's personal property, following the tradition of the

1209:

The senate attempted to push back against these commands in many instances: it preferred to break up any large war into multiple territorially separated commands; for similar reasons, it opposed the

4511: 7420: 2540:

created the necessity to create this province, which had been a military district in Gallia Belgica when it was restricted to the west bank of the River Rhine (imperial proconsular province).

5644: 3613:, p. 370. Drogula also notes that appointing a person of such low status would mean that he would not have the support necessary among the elite to challenge the emperor successfully. 1237:

year, in his "first settlement", he ostentatiously returned his control of them and their attached armies to the senate, likely by declaring that the task assigned to him either by the

3673:, pp. 347–48, noting also that Tiberius regularly remitted embassies from cities in the senatorial provinces to the senate to allow it "an illusion of its traditional functions". 70: 7400: 131: 1061:

Only around 180 BC did provinces take on a more geographically defined position when a border was established to separate the two commanders assigned to Hispania on the river

961:. In the middle and late republican authors like Plautus, Terence, and Cicero, the word referred something akin to a modern ministerial portfolio: "when... the senate assigned 2139:), Conquered in 28 BC, originally it was a military district under the province of Macedonia. The first mention of a provincial governor was for 6 AD, at the beginning of the 2079:; there is uncertainty as to whether it was created with Augustus’ first visit and the first census on Gaul or during Augustus' visit in 16–13 (imperial proconsular province) 708: 2559:, and part of Germany west of the Rhine) originally a military district under Gallia Belgica, created when Germania Superior was created (imperial proconsular province). 1019:

In the middle republic, the administration of a territory – whether taxation or jurisdictrion – had basically no relationship with whether that place was assigned as a

4504: 4208: 931:, during the middle republic, referred not to a territory, but to a task assigned to a Roman magistrate. That task might require using the military command powers of 1386:. Each of these four defended and administered a quarter of the empire. In the 290s, Diocletian divided the empire anew into almost a hundred provinces, including 5637: 3787: 1042:

The acquisition of territories, however, through the middle republic created the recurrent task of defending and administering some place. The first "permanent"

6058: 4468: 1445:, whose holders generally rotated frequently, as in the usual magistracies but without a colleague. Constantine also created a new capital, named after him as 7415: 4497: 4179: 5667: 124: 6789: 5630: 2707:) seized from the Parthians and annexed by Trajan, who invaded the Parthian Empire in late 115. Given back to the Parthians by Hadrian in 118. In 198 1478:, and it seems clear that some of its own sources are earlier than others. Some scholars compare this with the list of military territories under the 1461:. During the 4th century, the administrative structure was modified several times, including repeated experiments with Eastern-Western co-emperors. 1232:

During his sixth and seventh consulships (28 and 27 BC), Augustus began a process which saw the republic return to "normality": he shared the

3692: 1930:(northern, central and eastern Spain), created with the reorganisation of the provinces in Hispania by Augustus (imperial proconsular province). 6695: 701: 305: 3871: 1972:

province in 11 BC, during the Pannonian War. It was dissolved and the new provinces of Dalmatia and Pannonia were created during the reign of

786:

For centuries, it was the largest administrative unit of the foreign possessions of ancient Rome. With the administrative reform initiated by

4149: 4002: 3973: 3889: 3725: 3366: 1960:

in 35–33 BC. Created as a senatorial province in 27 BC. Northern Pannonia was conquered during the Pannonian War (14–10 BC). Subdivided into

1673:

was bequeathed to Rome in 78 BC. However, it was not organised as a province. It was incorporated into the province of Creta et Cyrenae when

1174:

of 67 BC granted Pompey all land within 50 miles of the Mediterranean; Caesar's Gallic command that encompassed three normal provinces.

295: 117: 1301:

To make this monopolisation of military commands palatable, Augustus separated prestige from military importance and inverted it. The title

967:

to the various magistrates... what they were doing was more like allocating a portfolio than putting people in charge of geographic areas".

6909: 5947: 4201: 1964:(a new name for Illyria) and Pannonia, which were officially called Upper and Lower Illyricum respectively in 9 BC, towards the end of the 1163: 6914: 6342: 5846: 2937: 1210: 1065:. Later provinces, once campaigns were complete, were all largely defined geographically. Once this division of permanent and temporary 466: 6841: 6008: 5017: 3434: 1198: 1145:, but starting with the Spanish provinces and expanding by 167 BC, praetors were more commonly prorogued with the augmented rank 288: 271: 6727: 6675: 6584: 5166: 4087: 4066: 4045: 4026: 3930: 3752: 1519:

in the 640s, which replaced the older administrative arrangements entirely. Some scholars use the reorganization of the empire into

694: 266: 7441: 6864: 6804: 6764: 6670: 6648: 6432: 6087: 6082: 5753: 4114: 2957: 2947: 2942: 1076:

eventually drew a reaction from the senate, which reacted with laws to rein in the governors. After initial experimentation with

283: 1658:(Gaul on this same side of the Alps, in northern Italy). It was annexed following attacks on the allied Greek city of Massalia ( 1141:), each of which had a praetor as president, exacerbated this issue. Praetors during the second century were normally prorogued 6929: 6690: 5854: 5591: 4842: 4194: 981: 276: 2759:

into these two units in the north and the south respectively. Imperial provinces (proconsular and propraetorial respectively).

1900:

in 30 BC. It was the first imperial province in that it was Augustus' own domain as the Egyptians recognised him as their new

988:

but the republic did not annex the kingdom, even as Macedonia was continuously assigned until 205 BC with the end of the

7371: 6924: 6173: 6104: 4910: 4834: 4823: 3470: 1741:(to the east) were added to the small Roman possessions in Cilicia. Cilicia came fully under Roman control at the end of the 1437:

Although the Caesars were soon eliminated from the picture, the four administrative resorts were restored in 318 by Emperor

4575:

established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the

1314:, which gave him priority over the ordinary governors of the public provinces, allowing him to interfere in their affairs. 7223: 6298: 4977: 4611: 721: 7041: 6848: 6660: 6638: 6198: 6075: 5914: 5414: 4520: 4413: 3422: 2809: 2748: 2700: 1269: 681: 3715: 7446: 6784: 6529: 4897: 4291: 2213: 1916: 1581:; along the southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula; part of the territories taken over from the Carthaginians in the 1082: 2303:; Claudius initiated the invasion of Britannia. Up to AD 60, the Romans controlled the area south of a line from the 1310:

within the city of Rome – over the imperial provinces. He also gave himself, through the senate, a general grant of

1162:, who had an allied tribune introduce a law transferring to him the already-taken province of Numidia (then held by 1158:

Also important was the assertion of popular authority over the assignment of provincial commands. This started with

6899: 6410: 5998: 4398: 1949: 1945:

in Spain), created with the reorganisation of the provinces in Hispania by Augustus (imperial proconsular province)

1588: 1520: 1291: 1287: 1255:

and the remaining provinces, largely demilitarised and confined to the older republican conquests, became known as

479: 4489: 2722:, Trajan suppressed a revolt by Assyrians in Mesopotamia and created the province. Hadrian relinquished it in 118. 7099: 7071: 6889: 6653: 6405: 6018: 5094: 5036: 4847: 4321: 2752: 2462: 2353:(Thrace, north-eastern Greece, south-eastern Bulgaria and European Turkey), it was annexed by Claudius (imperial 2315:

conquered the north of England and Scotland. Scotland was then abandoned (imperial proconsular province). In 197

1961: 1107: 544: 246: 90: 3835: 7104: 6869: 6210: 5887: 5434: 5419: 5243: 4972: 4919: 4915: 4877: 4809: 4630: 4458: 4448: 4331: 4296: 4276: 4256: 2733: 2719: 2515: 2488: 2018: 1761: 1722: 1542: 810:(from AD 293), the largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside 148: 2711:

conquered a small area in the north and named it Mesopotamia. It was attacked twice by the Persians (imperial

2791:

in the territory of the former Moesia Superior after his evacuation of Dacia Trajana beyond the River Danube.

7151: 6712: 6572: 6550: 6315: 5907: 5654: 5238: 5185: 5122: 4962: 4952: 4781: 4751: 4403: 4388: 4326: 4241: 4231: 3285: 2952: 2643: 2262: 2221: 1912: 1784: 1598: 1438: 1283: 582: 100: 1434:

of Rome (and later Constantinople) were exempt from this, and were directly subordinated to the tetrarchs.

7228: 7064: 7059: 6589: 6427: 6327: 6063: 5983: 5444: 4887: 4771: 4376: 4236: 3758: 2932: 2756: 2567: 2473: 2312: 1923: 1885: 1715: 1442: 80: 790:, it became a third level administrative subdivision of the Roman Empire, or rather a subdivision of the 7324: 6560: 6244: 6228: 6188: 6178: 6013: 5877: 5859: 5705: 5459: 5228: 5041: 4967: 4560: 4271: 2850: 2243: 1742: 1693: 1620: 1399: 1137: 1002: 993: 795: 4882: 4082:. Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 564–98. 1834:

separated. It was legally merged into the administrative unit of Roman Italy in 42 BC by the triumvir

7291: 6183: 5743: 5597: 5114: 4766: 4598: 4568: 4408: 4301: 2737: 2235: 2033: 1556: 1486: 1395: 1376: 997: 989: 224: 85: 65: 60: 42: 5622: 1795:

in 40 BC. The territory remained the direct part of the Roman Empire except for a brief period when

7299: 7136: 6794: 6722: 6417: 6375: 6263: 6193: 6168: 5955: 5902: 5715: 5710: 5603: 5558: 5376: 5366: 5028: 4857: 4804: 4799: 4572: 4306: 4281: 2912: 2899: 2833: 1867: 1729:

was created as a province in the sense of area of military command in 102 BC in a campaign against

1685: 1681: 1666: 359: 733: 7451: 7410: 7131: 7119: 7054: 7049: 6769: 6555: 6439: 6322: 6205: 6138: 6030: 5988: 5828: 5454: 5429: 5336: 5311: 5200: 5084: 4934: 4746: 4543: 4393: 4351: 4346: 4076:

Richardson, John (1992). "The administration of the empire". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.).

3899: 3781: 2858: 2773:, this kingdom (in northern Mesopotamia, in parts of today's Iraq, Syria and Turkey) was annexed. 2495: 2343: 2324: 2320: 2026: 2011: 1647: 1643: 1466: 1221: 846: 617: 256: 105: 95: 1341: 4186: 3008: 7173: 7161: 6809: 6799: 6422: 6400: 6305: 6269: 6163: 6050: 6040: 6025: 5882: 5815: 5581: 5288: 5278: 5273: 5177: 5147: 4944: 4794: 4685: 4675: 4650: 4645: 4478:

Italy was never constituted as a province, instead retaining a special juridical status until

4438: 4433: 4361: 4356: 4145: 4093: 4083: 4062: 4041: 4022: 3998: 3979: 3969: 3926: 3885: 3881: 3748: 3721: 3430: 3362: 2907: 2741: 2708: 2544: 2529: 2387: 2316: 2191: 2140: 2098: 1981: 1977: 1927: 1863: 1753: 1701: 1578: 1571: 1567: 1295: 1087: 874: 842: 536: 529: 332: 3426: 2003:; there is uncertainty as to whether it was created with Augustus’ first visit and the first 7218: 7016: 6579: 6485: 6238: 6122: 5993: 5973: 5937: 5810: 5720: 5517: 5512: 5469: 5424: 5331: 5076: 5066: 5056: 5004: 4741: 4733: 4366: 4336: 3877: 3277: 2917: 2605: 2406: 2195: 2117: 2094: 1655: 1582: 1499: 858: 838: 658: 652: 645: 631: 460: 439: 384: 369: 364: 349: 233: 75: 31: 1191:

The increasing practices of prorogation and statutorily-defined "super commands" driven by

7405: 7266: 6894: 6597: 6500: 6444: 6381: 6352: 6337: 6117: 6112: 6070: 6035: 5835: 5800: 5775: 5497: 5487: 5394: 5346: 5301: 5220: 5142: 5127: 5046: 4789: 4693: 4665: 4640: 4622: 4251: 3911: 2825: 2784: 2663: 2421: 2410: 2383: 2254:

with the defeat of the rebels. In AD 42, Claudius divided it into two provinces (imperial

2163: 2155: 2148: 2144: 2132: 1796: 1712: 1624: 1614: 1550: 1091:

provincial communities, limiting the number of years he could serve in the province, etc.

1049: 817:

During the republic and early empire, provinces were generally governed by politicians of

374: 1027:

at all and were not administered by Rome. The territorial province, called a "permanent"

4174: 2105:); created with the reorganisation of the provinces in Hispania by Augustus (senatorial 7198: 6737: 6705: 6567: 6505: 6495: 6490: 6310: 6144: 6094: 6045: 5738: 5507: 5502: 5492: 5439: 5384: 5195: 5089: 5061: 5051: 4929: 4718: 4713: 4670: 4660: 4341: 4261: 4122: 4012: 3717:

The 'Birth'of Italy: The Institutionalization of Italy as a Region, 3rd–1st Century BCE

3410: 3400:

and provincial assignment would also create the armies that brought down the republic".

2869: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2612: 2563: 2533: 2469: 2361: 2308: 2060: 1811: 1446: 1382: 1167: 1023:

by the senate. Rome would even intervene on territorial disputes which were part of no

902: 882: 780: 772: 750: 663: 610: 454: 429: 338: 186: 3925:. Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. 10 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. 1559:; these two islands were taken over from the Carthaginians and annexed soon after the 7435: 6919: 6759: 6521: 6370: 6233: 6003: 5978: 5821: 5389: 5341: 5306: 5296: 5205: 4905: 4708: 4703: 4655: 4635: 4564: 4548: 4286: 4266: 4246: 3415: 2689: 2440: 2300: 2186:

and became province again after Agrippa's death in AD 44, enlarged by territories of

2179: 2076: 2000: 1897: 1776: 1560: 1546: 1431: 1421: 1336: 1244: 1131: 791: 559: 409: 177: 4180:

https://web.archive.org/web/20060409205643/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-dgra/

7319: 7311: 7306: 7271: 6779: 6774: 6685: 6155: 5805: 5781: 5767: 5700: 5587: 5404: 5399: 5351: 5137: 5104: 5099: 4924: 4698: 4576: 4311: 3693:"Note sull'«anzianità di servizio» nel lessico della legislazione imperiale romana" 2631: 2304: 2110: 1965: 1904:. Its proper initial name was Alexandrea et Aegyptus. It was governed by Augustus' 1871: 1749: 1689: 1516: 1159: 1062: 822: 818: 776: 764: 472: 424: 394: 320: 195: 7213: 2246:, the last king of Mauretania, in AD 40, his kingdom was annexed. It was begun by 976:

were for the purpose of waging war and to command an army. However, merely that a

7390:

Used by ten or more countries or having derived terms. Historical derivations in

4139: 4077: 4056: 4016: 3992: 3963: 3920: 17: 7126: 6939: 6884: 6747: 6742: 6732: 6467: 6462: 6360: 6332: 5897: 5892: 5759: 5610: 5482: 5449: 5361: 5316: 5190: 5132: 4453: 4382: 4316: 3801: 2678: 2659: 2627: 2548: 2425: 2365: 2064: 1942: 1893: 1825: 1768: 1708: 1636: 1592: 1507: 1464:

Detailed information on the arrangements during this period is contained in the

1387: 1126:

were permanent provinces; between 122 and 53 BC, this rose to 60 per cent.

811: 768: 515: 157: 50: 4583:

and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.

1818:) was occupied by Rome in the 220s BC and became considered geographically and 6826: 6365: 6220: 5919: 5477: 5321: 4723: 4552: 4479: 2889: 2877: 2866: 2593: 2428:), created as a protectorate by Augustus, it probably became a province under 2395: 2220:(later proconsular) province, created after the death of its last client king 2072: 1854: 1450: 1404: 1365: 1350: 980:

was assigned did not mean the Romans made that territory theirs. For example,

787: 596: 326: 206: 3983: 7245: 7203: 7178: 7036: 6991: 6879: 6821: 6643: 6392: 5263: 5152: 4761: 4756: 4371: 2927: 2597: 2511: 2499: 2458: 2339: 1992: 1973: 1934: 1738: 1670: 1659: 1512: 1458: 1410: 1391: 1370: 1346: 1239: 1203: 1147: 937:

but otherwise could even be a task assigned to a junior magistrates without

834: 807: 668: 638: 504: 486: 449: 7281: 7276: 4097: 3301:. Formally, the presidency of one of the permanent courts was in fact the 2007:

on Gaul or during Augustus' visit in 16–13 (imperial proconsular province)

7341: 7235: 7086: 7031: 7001: 6831: 6754: 6665: 6477: 6255: 5965: 5356: 5326: 5248: 4957: 4872: 4580: 2788: 2770: 2671: 2615:, formerly the Kingdom of Nabataea, it was annexed without resistance by 2537: 2507: 2484: 2285: 2251: 2247: 2183: 2136: 2022: 1957: 1938: 1889: 1835: 1820: 1651: 1628: 1524: 1426: 948: 933: 830: 829:. A later exception was the province of Egypt, which was incorporated by 826: 726: 603: 493: 404: 315: 213: 1791:(old Africa). Western Numidia was annexed and added to the province of 7336: 7261: 7091: 7081: 7021: 6934: 6904: 6836: 6717: 5929: 5730: 5553: 5409: 5268: 5210: 4867: 4862: 4852: 4428: 2922: 2693: 2639: 2589: 2556: 2480: 2391: 2350: 2289: 2281: 2277: 2266: 2239: 2199: 2187: 2167: 2068: 2037: 1953: 1901: 1830: 1800: 1772: 1757: 1726: 1606: 1602: 1416: 1374:(AD 284–305), with a western and an eastern senior emperor styled 1264: 952: 738: 589: 568: 419: 399: 2025:, Turkey), formerly a client kingdom, it was annexed by Augustus when 1380:, each seconded by a junior emperor (and designated successor) styled 7366: 7356: 7351: 7286: 7240: 7156: 7026: 7011: 7006: 6996: 6680: 6287: 5869: 5563: 4443: 4423: 4418: 2616: 2601: 2581: 2399: 2175: 2128: 2124: 2083: 2004: 1859: 1839: 1804: 1730: 1697: 1688:(in North-western Anatolia) was bequeathed to Rome by its last king, 1632: 1216: 624: 414: 7111: 5609: Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by 1692:, in 74 BC. It was organised as a Roman province at the end of the 7361: 7346: 7331: 7208: 7193: 7183: 7168: 7146: 7141: 7076: 6874: 6816: 6700: 5258: 5253: 5233: 2635: 2585: 2552: 2503: 2414: 2335: 2171: 2102: 1853: 1815: 1734: 1674: 1610: 1454: 1340: 732: 720: 4973:

Numidia (divided as Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)

2566:

was annexed to Syria after the death of its last ruler, tetrarch

7188: 6454: 5792: 3682:

Nuovo Atlante Storico De Agostini, 1997, pp. 40–41. (In Italian)

2704: 2487:, were disestablished, and merged with the imperial province of 2429: 1996: 6968: 6620: 5682: 5665: 5626: 5542: 5002: 4596: 4532: 4493: 4190: 3965:

Commanders & command in the Roman republic and early empire

2127:(on the east and south bank of the River Danube part of modern 2109:

province). The name derives from Betis, the Latin name for the

1106:(outside of sortition). But in 123 or 122 BC, the tribune 6986: 3819:

Laffi, Umberto (1992). "La provincia della Gallia Cisalpina".

1995:(south-western France) province created in the territories in 1480: 1420:. The provinces in turn were grouped into (originally twelve) 575: 522: 27:

Major Roman administrative territorial entity outside of Italy

3940:

Bowman, Alan K. "Provincial administration and taxation". In

3396:, p. 311. "The use of populär legislation to manipulate 1515:

in the 580s and culminated with the adoption of the military

1251:

The provinces that were assigned to Augustus became known as

907: 887: 2532:(southern Germany) The push into southern Germany up to the 1224:

to three men and, with the end of the republic, to one man.

3465:

Eder, W (1993). "The Augustan principate as binding link".

3028: 3026: 1574:; part of the territories taken over from the Carthaginians 4567:. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of 4058:

Greek Terms for Roman Institutions: A Lexicon and Analysis

1915:(southern and central Greece), Augustus separated it from 1783:(new Africa) to distinguish it from the older province of 873:

had an equivalent in eastern, Greek-speaking parts of the

3546: 3544: 2692:, annexed by Trajan, who deposed its client king. In 118 1968:. Initially a senatorial province, it became an imperial 1646:(southern France); prior to its annexation it was called 1430:, who oversaw their affairs. Only the proconsuls and the 1080:

panels of inquest, various laws were passed, such as the

3744:

Beyond the Rubicon: Romans and Gauls in Republican Italy

3417:

Space, geography, and politics in the early Roman empire

3361:. Versailles, Kentucky: Sheridan Kentucky. p. 181. 3357:

Pearson, Patricia O'Connell; Holdren, John (May 2021).

2029:, its last king, died (imperial propraetorial province) 1390:. Their governors were hierarchically ranked, from the 2178:. Reverted to the status of client kingdom under king 2040:(30–25 BC), previously between 46–30 BC the province 1523:

in this period as one of the demarcations between the

1498:, with more mobile forces, and the later, even higher 3949:

Crook, J A. "Political history, 30 BC to AD 14". In

2476:

was deposed and Lesser Armenia was annexed to Syria.

2120:, lost after three Roman legions were routed in 9 AD 1779:

annexed Eastern Numidia and the new province called

1733:. The Romans controlled only a small area. In 74 BC 1700:, who incorporated the western part of the defeated 1613:); created after the destruction of Carthage in the 7254: 6979: 6857: 6631: 6540: 6514: 6476: 6453: 6391: 6351: 6286: 6254: 6219: 6154: 6131: 6103: 5964: 5946: 5928: 5868: 5845: 5791: 5766: 5752: 5729: 5693: 5468: 5375: 5287: 5219: 5176: 5165: 5113: 5075: 5027: 5016: 4943: 4896: 4833: 4822: 4780: 4732: 4684: 4621: 4610: 3968:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 2666:: Porolissensis, Apulensis and Malvensis (imperial 2483:, formed into three client kingdoms established by 3414: 2417:restored the Bosporan Kingdom as a client kingdom. 2075:, part of northern France and Germany west of the 1151:; by the end of the republic, all governors acted 877:. In the Greek language, a province was called an 779:. Each province was ruled by a Roman appointed as 3059:, pp. 564–565, citing, among others, Plaut. 2630:"Trajana" (the Romanian regions of south-eastern 1005:in 148 BC. Similarly, assignment of various 4217: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2465:was deposed and Commagene was annexed to Syria. 2432:when Alpes Cottiae became a province (imperial 2394:annexed, later incorporated in the province of 2202:in AD 135 and upgraded to proconsular province. 1858:The Roman Empire at its greatest extent, under 1527:and the Byzantine (or the Later Roman) period. 2995: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2979: 2977: 2646:(imperial proconsular province). Divided into 2604:were annexed to Syria after the death of king 2409:incorporated as part of the Roman province of 2044:, was abolished, and merged with the province 741:(125) showing the provinces as then organised. 5638: 5590:by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate 4505: 4202: 4079:The last age of the Roman Republic, 146–43 BC 3994:Imperium Romanum: politics and administration 1752:was annexed after the death of its last king 1484:, in charge of border garrisons on so-called 1130:term. Instead they generally took command as 771:that were controlled by the Romans under the 702: 125: 8: 4141:The Penguin historical atlas of ancient Rome 3870:Badian, Ernst (2012). "Provincia/Province". 2311:. Wales was finally subdued in 78. In 78–84 1166:), allowing Marius to assume command of the 1031:in the scholarship, emerged only gradually. 7416:List of administrative divisions by country 5613:'s administrative reorganization in 534–536 3302: 2162:, created after the deposition of ethnarch 2036:. The client kingdom of Numidia under king 1976:(69–79). In 107, Pannonia was divided into 1787:, created in 146 BC, which became known as 1745:(73–63 BC), reorganised by Pompey in 63 BC. 1492: 1472: 1192: 1121: 1115: 1101: 1066: 1053: 1043: 1006: 971: 962: 956: 942: 926: 758: 6976: 6965: 6628: 6617: 5690: 5679: 5675: 5662: 5645: 5631: 5623: 5539: 5173: 5024: 5013: 4999: 4830: 4618: 4607: 4593: 4529: 4512: 4498: 4490: 4209: 4195: 4187: 3919:Bowman, Alan K; et al., eds. (1996). 3786:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 3332: 3252: 3236: 3116: 3104: 3092: 3080: 3056: 3032: 2338:annexed by Claudius (in 74 AD merged with 709: 695: 143: 132: 118: 49: 38: 4547:. Provincial administration reformed and 2787:(most of Bulgaria and Serbia) created by 2514:which had been a part of the province of 2166:, formed initially from the territory of 1368:introduced a radical reform known as the 1267:for each of the provinces with the title 984:in 211 BC received Macedonia as his 4521:Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces 1635:), bequeathed to Rome by its last king, 1457:), while taking up residence himself in 1112:lex Sempronia de provinciis consularibus 951:and the civil jurisdiction of the urban 806:A province was the basic and, until the 4175:Map of the Roman Empire in the year 300 3950: 3941: 3882:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.5393 3774:Decline of the Roman republic: Volume 2 3634: 3622: 3610: 3598: 3586: 3562: 3550: 3535: 3519: 3495: 3483: 3393: 3381: 3344: 3328: 3316: 3264: 3248: 3224: 3212: 3200: 3188: 3176: 3164: 3152: 3140: 3128: 2973: 1016:and emerged from military necessities. 551: 503: 438: 383: 348: 304: 255: 168: 146: 41: 4018:The constitution of the Roman republic 3907: 3897: 3779: 3720:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. 3670: 3658: 3646: 3574: 3298: 2815:Primary sources for lists of provinces 2327:. Imperial provinces (proconsular and 2216:(central Anatolia – Turkey); imperial 1984:– imperial provinces (proconsular and 1048:was that of Sicily, created after the 3507: 3282:The praetorship in the Roman republic 3044: 2479:AD 72 – Western mountainous parts of 1243:creating the Triumvirate or that the 970:The first commanders dispatched with 763:) were the administrative regions of 7: 4218:Provinces of the early Roman Empire 1086:in 149 BC, which established a 941:: for example, the treasury was the 837:and was ruled by a governor of only 3842:(in Italian). Enciclopedia Italiana 2938:History of the Mediterranean region 1919:(senatorial propraetorial province) 1563:, in 238 BC and 237 BC respectively 2744:(imperial propraetorial province). 1322:who were ex-praetors, and legates 25: 2151:(imperial proconsular provinces). 1718:, creating the province of Syria. 1298:, only Africa retained a legion. 1197:political tactics undermined the 6433:Organized incorporated territory 4953:Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana) 4579:in c. 640–660, although in 4467: 4115:"Early imperial Roman provinces" 3922:The Augustan empire, 43 BC–AD 69 2958:Local government (ancient Roman) 2948:List of Graeco-Roman geographers 2943:Latin spelling and pronunciation 2892: 2658:. Divided into three provinces ( 2143:. In 85 Moesia was divided into 1345:The new territorial division of 156: 7421:Slavic administrative divisions 4563:established after the death of 4160:Großer Atlas zur Weltgeschichte 3450:Hekster, Olivier; Kaizer, Ted. 1828:, but remained politically and 982:Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus 6970:Non-English terms or loanwords 6174:Direct-controlled municipality 4911:Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium 4835:Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy 3471:University of California Press 3359:World History: Our Human Story 3047:, pp. 81, 84–86, 138–139. 2642:), conquered by Trajan in the 1807:) as a client king (30–25 BC). 1570:; along the east coast of the 1549:and annexed at the end of the 1: 6299:Special administrative region 4978:Tripolitania (Roman province) 4556: 3714:Carlà-Uhink, Filippo (2017). 2362:Alpes Atrectianae et Poeninae 1756:and added to the province of 1650:(Gallia on the other side of 1545:(Sicily) taken over from the 1354: 897:), with a governor called an 794:(in turn subdivisions of the 6199:Mountain resort municipality 6076:Intermediate school district 6059:Educational service district 5915:Regional county municipality 3452:Frontiers in the Roman world 3423:University of Michigan Press 2820:Early Roman Empire provinces 2810:List of Late Roman provinces 2804:Provinces of the late empire 2755:, Septimius Severus divided 2696:restored this client kingdom 1270:legatus Augusti pro praetore 6530:Autonomous territorial unit 5586: Re-established after 4898:Diocese of Annonarian Italy 4144:. Penguin. pp. 74–75. 4021:. Oxford University Press. 3876:. Oxford University Press. 3747:. Oxford University Press. 3741:Williams, J. H. C. (2020). 3467:Between republic and empire 2844:Late Roman Empire provinces 1850:Provinces of the Principate 1760:, creating the province of 1245:war on Cleopatra and Antony 1083:lex Calpurnia de repetundis 7468: 6411:National capital territory 6132:Indian reserve/reservation 5999:Indian government district 5653:Designations for types of 4036:Loewenstein, Karl (1973). 2807: 2502:(reigned AD 69–79) merged 2067:south of the Rhine river, 1711:; Pompey deposed the last 1402:through those governed by 1334: 1164:Quintus Caecilius Metellus 908: 888: 865:comes from the Latin word 29: 7401:Autonomous administration 7388: 6975: 6964: 6627: 6616: 6406:Federal capital territory 6019:Non-metropolitan district 6009:Local government district 5689: 5678: 5674: 5661: 5576: 5559:Quaestura exercitus (536) 5549: 5538: 5012: 4998: 4606: 4592: 4539: 4528: 4476: 4465: 4227: 3307:of the praetor-president. 2670:provinces). Abandoned by 2386:(the eastern half of the 1908:, Alexandreae et Aegypti. 1654:) to distinguish it from 1490:, and the higher ranking 1199:republican constitutional 1108:Gaius Sempronius Gracchus 906: 886: 545:Senatus consultum ultimum 440:Extraordinary magistrates 91:Environmental determinism 6211:Specialized municipality 5888:Consolidated city-county 5435:Palaestina III Salutaris 4631:Alpes Poeninae et Graiae 4257:Alpes Graiae et Poeninae 3991:Lintott, Andrew (1993). 3823:(in Italian) (80): 5–23. 3649:, pp. 346, 369–370. 3319:, pp. 229–330, 341. 3179:, pp. 256–257, 263. 2580:AD 100 – Territories of 2398:(probably under Emperor 2048:, creating the province 149:Politics of ancient Rome 30:Not to be confused with 7442:Ancient Roman provinces 6573:Military exclusion zone 6551:Exclusive economic zone 6316:National capital region 5908:Non-metropolitan county 5655:administrative division 5602: Placed under the 4963:Mauretania Caesariensis 4782:Diocese of the Britains 4404:Mauretania Caesariensis 3286:Oxford University Press 2953:List of historical maps 2727:Under Septimius Severus 2472:, its last client king 2461:, its last client king 2319:divided Britannia into 2265:, (western and central 2263:Mauretania Caesariensis 737:The Roman Empire under 101:Quantitative revolution 6590:Self-administered zone 6428:Incorporated territory 6295:Administrative region 6064:Local service district 5984:Congressional district 5445:Phoenice II Libanensis 5148:Macedonia II Salutaris 4561:praetorian prefectures 4523:(4th–7th centuries AD) 4377:Hispania Tarraconensis 4138:Scarre, Chris (1995). 4055:Mason, Hugh J (1974). 4038:The Governance of Rome 3962:Drogula, Fred (2015). 3834:Aurigemma, Salvatore. 3303: 3063:, 156, 158, 474; Ter. 2933:History of cartography 2568:Aristobulus of Chalcis 2474:Aristobulus of Chalcis 2242:); after the death of 2160:procuratorial province 1924:Hispania Tarraconensis 1875: 1716:Philip II Philoromaeus 1591:was annexed after the 1493: 1473: 1443:praetorian prefectures 1424:, headed usually by a 1361: 1228:Early imperial period 1193: 1178:Late Republican period 1122: 1116: 1102: 1067: 1054: 1044: 1007: 972: 963: 957: 943: 927: 759: 754: 742: 730: 306:Political institutions 81:History of cartography 6561:Special economic zone 6245:Praetorian prefecture 6229:Autonomous prefecture 6189:Regional municipality 6179:District municipality 6014:Metropolitan district 5878:Administrative county 5860:Residential community 5706:Local government area 5167:Praetorian prefecture 5042:Noricum mediterraneum 5018:Praetorian prefecture 4968:Mauretania Sitifensis 4863:Picenum Suburbicarium 4824:Praetorian prefecture 4612:Praetorian prefecture 4559: 293. Permanent 3772:Long, George (1866). 2851:Laterculus Veronensis 2736:, was separated from 2250:and was completed by 2052:(except territory of 1952:, Augustus conquered 1870:are shaded pink, and 1857: 1842:'s unpublished acts ( 1838:as a ratification of 1743:Third Mithridatic War 1694:Third Mithridatic War 1677:was annexed in 66 BC. 1494:Comites rei militaris 1344: 1335:Further information: 1138:quaestiones perpetuae 1003:Fourth Macedonian War 998:Third Macedonian Wars 821:rank, usually former 736: 724: 7152:Njësi administrative 6184:Neutral municipality 6123:Subdivision of India 5855:Autonomous community 5744:Metropolitan borough 5684:Common English terms 5598:Diocese of Illyricum 5592:Prefecture of Africa 5347:Galatia II Salutaris 5115:Diocese of Macedonia 5005:Eastern Roman Empire 4767:Mauretania Tingitana 4599:Western Roman Empire 4409:Mauretania Tingitana 4302:Corsica and Sardinia 4242:Africa proconsularis 4061:. Toronto: Hakkert. 3522:, p. 354; Aug. 3009:"Le province romane" 2738:Africa Proconsularis 2236:Mauretania Tingitana 2131:, the north part of 2050:Africa Proconsularis 2034:Africa Proconsularis 2010:27 BC or 16–13 BC – 1991:27 BC or 16–13 BC – 1892:after his defeat of 1868:senatorial provinces 1557:Sardinia and Corsica 1536:Republican provinces 1396:Africa Proconsularis 1331:Late imperial period 1261:senatorial provinces 1187:Transition to empire 990:First Macedonian War 796:imperial prefectures 385:Ordinary magistrates 86:Historical geography 43:History of geography 6795:Autonomous republic 6723:Enclave and exclave 6622:Other English terms 6418:Dependent territory 6264:Autonomous province 6194:Resort municipality 6169:County municipality 5956:Overseas department 5903:Metropolitan county 5716:Unincorporated area 5604:Quaestura exercitus 5377:Diocese of the East 5367:Pontus Polemoniacus 5029:Diocese of Pannonia 4858:Lucania et Bruttium 4805:Maxima Caesariensis 4800:Flavia Caesariensis 4307:Crete and Cyrenaica 4282:Bithynia and Pontus 4125:on 26 December 2016 3808:. Vol. 41. 36. 3637:, pp. 360–363. 3625:, pp. 358–359. 3577:, pp. 346–347. 3565:, pp. 355–356. 3538:, pp. 354–355. 3335:, pp. 573–574. 3288:. pp. 626–627. 3267:, pp. 299–300. 3215:, pp. 279–281. 3203:, pp. 275–276. 3191:, pp. 266–268. 3167:, pp. 253–254. 3131:, pp. 242–245. 3095:, pp. 566–567. 2913:Classical antiquity 2900:Ancient Rome portal 2551:south of the River 2364:(between Italy and 1686:Kingdom of Bithynia 1667:Crete and Cyrenaica 1273:. These lieutenant 833:after the death of 725:Roman Empire under 7447:Historical regions 7411:Electoral district 6728:Federal dependency 6556:Free economic zone 6440:Overseas territory 6323:Development region 6206:Rural municipality 6139:Indian reservation 6031:Municipal district 5989:Electoral district 5829:Free imperial city 5455:Syria II Salutaris 5312:Armenian Satrapies 5085:Dacia Mediterranea 5007:(395–c. 640) 4935:Venetia et Histria 4843:Apulia et Calabria 4544:Notitia Dignitatum 4394:Lycia et Pamphylia 4372:Hispania Lusitania 4352:Gallia Narbonensis 4347:Gallia Lugdunensis 3953:, pp. 70–112. 3944:, pp. 344–70. 3836:"Gallia Cisalpina" 3589:, pp. 356–57. 3155:, pp. 250–51. 2859:Notitia dignitatum 2496:Lycia et Pamphylia 2344:Lycia et Pamphylia 2325:Britannia Inferior 2321:Britannia Superior 2012:Gallia Lugdunensis 1876: 1866:are shaded green, 1864:imperial provinces 1682:Bithynia et Pontus 1648:Gallia Transalpina 1644:Gallia Narbonensis 1467:Notitia Dignitatum 1439:Constantine I 1362: 1358: AD 300 1294:; after Augustus' 1253:imperial provinces 992:. Even though the 847:Hellenistic period 743: 731: 618:Triumvir monetalis 552:Titles and honours 106:Critical geography 96:Regional geography 7429: 7428: 7384: 7383: 7380: 7379: 6960: 6959: 6956: 6955: 6952: 6951: 6948: 6947: 6612: 6611: 6608: 6607: 6526:Territorial unit 6423:Federal territory 6401:Capital territory 6306:Autonomous region 6270:Overseas province 6164:City municipality 6055:Service district 6051:Sanitary district 6041:Regional district 6026:Military district 5883:Autonomous county 5816:Incorporated city 5620: 5619: 5582:Septem Provinciae 5572: 5571: 5544:Other territories 5534: 5533: 5530: 5529: 5526: 5525: 5317:Armenia III (536) 5289:Diocese of Pontus 5279:Phrygia Salutaris 5274:Phrygia Pacatiana 5178:Diocese of Thrace 5161: 5160: 4994: 4993: 4990: 4989: 4986: 4985: 4945:Diocese of Africa 4818: 4817: 4686:Diocese of Vienne 4676:Maxima Sequanorum 4588: 4587: 4487: 4486: 4439:Pannonia Superior 4434:Pannonia Inferior 4362:Germania Superior 4357:Germania Inferior 4221: 4151:978-0-14-051329-5 4004:978-0-415-09375-0 3975:978-1-4696-2314-6 3891:978-0-19-938113-5 3727:978-3-11-054478-7 3510:, pp. 76–77. 3368:978-1-60153-123-0 2908:Ancient geography 2799: 2742:Septimius Severus 2709:Septimius Severus 2545:Germania Inferior 2530:Germania Superior 2388:Kingdom of Pontus 2317:Septimius Severus 2099:Hispania Ulterior 1982:Pannonia Inferior 1978:Pannonia Superior 1928:Hispania Citerior 1874:are shaded gray. 1762:Cilicia et Cyprus 1754:Ptolemy of Cyprus 1704:into it in 63 BC. 1702:Kingdom of Pontus 1579:Hispania Ulterior 1572:Iberian Peninsula 1568:Hispania Citerior 1531:List of provinces 1441:, in the form of 1347:tetrarchic system 1222:triumviral period 875:Greco-Roman world 869:. The Latin term 853:Republican period 792:imperial dioceses 719: 718: 537:Quaestio perpetua 530:Senatus consultum 333:Roman citizenship 142: 141: 18:Imperial province 16:(Redirected from 7459: 7017:Regierungsbezirk 6977: 6966: 6629: 6618: 6580:Free speech zone 6486:Charter township 6239:Super-prefecture 6083:Special district 5994:Federal district 5974:Capital district 5938:Overseas country 5811:Independent city 5782:Imperial capital 5721:Unorganized area 5691: 5680: 5676: 5663: 5647: 5640: 5633: 5624: 5596: Later the 5580: Later the 5540: 5518:Thebais Inferior 5513:Thebais Superior 5470:Diocese of Egypt 5460:Theodorias (528) 5322:Armenia IV (536) 5174: 5077:Diocese of Dacia 5067:Valeria ripensis 5025: 5014: 5000: 4883:Tuscia et Umbria 4831: 4734:Diocese of Spain 4619: 4608: 4594: 4558: 4541:As found in the 4530: 4514: 4507: 4500: 4491: 4471: 4367:Hispania Baetica 4337:Gallia Aquitania 4219: 4211: 4204: 4197: 4188: 4163: 4155: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4121:. Archived from 4101: 4072: 4051: 4032: 4008: 3987: 3954: 3945: 3936: 3915: 3909: 3905: 3903: 3895: 3852: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3831: 3825: 3824: 3816: 3810: 3809: 3798: 3792: 3791: 3785: 3777: 3769: 3763: 3762: 3757:. Archived from 3738: 3732: 3731: 3711: 3705: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3689: 3683: 3680: 3674: 3668: 3662: 3656: 3650: 3644: 3638: 3632: 3626: 3620: 3614: 3608: 3602: 3596: 3590: 3584: 3578: 3572: 3566: 3560: 3554: 3548: 3539: 3533: 3527: 3517: 3511: 3505: 3499: 3493: 3487: 3481: 3475: 3474: 3462: 3456: 3455: 3447: 3441: 3440: 3420: 3407: 3401: 3391: 3385: 3379: 3373: 3372: 3354: 3348: 3342: 3336: 3326: 3320: 3314: 3308: 3306: 3296: 3290: 3289: 3278:Brennan, T Corey 3274: 3268: 3262: 3256: 3246: 3240: 3234: 3228: 3222: 3216: 3210: 3204: 3198: 3192: 3186: 3180: 3174: 3168: 3162: 3156: 3150: 3144: 3138: 3132: 3126: 3120: 3114: 3108: 3102: 3096: 3090: 3084: 3078: 3072: 3054: 3048: 3042: 3036: 3030: 3021: 3020: 3018: 3016: 3005: 2918:Early world maps 2902: 2897: 2896: 2895: 2796: 2606:Herod Agrippa II 2407:Bosporan Kingdom 2390:) together with 2284:, north-eastern 2196:Syria Palaestina 2118:Germania Antiqua 2095:Hispania Baetica 1888:, taken over by 1656:Gallia Cisalpina 1583:Second Punic War 1508:Justinian I 1501:magistri militum 1496: 1476: 1359: 1356: 1196: 1125: 1119: 1105: 1070: 1057: 1047: 1010: 975: 966: 960: 958:urbana provincia 946: 930: 912: 911: 910: 892: 891: 890: 762: 711: 704: 697: 653:Pontifex maximus 646:Princeps senatus 632:Magister militum 467:Consular tribune 461:Magister equitum 289:Augustan reforms 160: 144: 134: 127: 120: 76:Age of Discovery 53: 39: 32:Province of Rome 21: 7467: 7466: 7462: 7461: 7460: 7458: 7457: 7456: 7432: 7431: 7430: 7425: 7406:Census division 7376: 7250: 6971: 6944: 6895:Imperial Circle 6853: 6623: 6604: 6598:Free-trade zone 6536: 6510: 6501:Survey township 6472: 6449: 6445:Union territory 6387: 6382:Sovereign state 6347: 6338:Overseas region 6282: 6250: 6215: 6150: 6141:(United States) 6127: 6118:Police division 6113:Census division 6099: 6071:School district 6036:Police district 5960: 5942: 5924: 5864: 5841: 5836:Royal free city 5801:Autonomous city 5787: 5776:Federal capital 5762: 5748: 5725: 5685: 5670: 5657: 5651: 5621: 5616: 5568: 5545: 5522: 5498:Augustamnica II 5464: 5371: 5283: 5221:Diocese of Asia 5215: 5168: 5157: 5143:Macedonia Prima 5109: 5071: 5047:Noricum ripense 5019: 5008: 4982: 4939: 4892: 4825: 4814: 4776: 4728: 4694:Alpes Maritimae 4680: 4666:Lugdunensis III 4623:Diocese of Gaul 4613: 4602: 4601:(395–476) 4584: 4551:established by 4535: 4524: 4518: 4488: 4483: 4472: 4463: 4424:Moesia Superior 4419:Moesia Inferior 4252:Alpes Maritimae 4223: 4215: 4171: 4166: 4158: 4152: 4137: 4128: 4126: 4113: 4104: 4090: 4075: 4069: 4054: 4048: 4035: 4029: 4013:Lintott, Andrew 4011: 4005: 3990: 3976: 3961: 3948: 3939: 3933: 3918: 3906: 3896: 3892: 3869: 3860: 3855: 3845: 3843: 3840:www.treccani.it 3833: 3832: 3828: 3818: 3817: 3813: 3806:Historia Romana 3800: 3799: 3795: 3778: 3771: 3770: 3766: 3761:on 22 May 2020. 3755: 3740: 3739: 3735: 3728: 3713: 3712: 3708: 3698: 3696: 3691: 3690: 3686: 3681: 3677: 3669: 3665: 3657: 3653: 3645: 3641: 3633: 3629: 3621: 3617: 3609: 3605: 3597: 3593: 3585: 3581: 3573: 3569: 3561: 3557: 3549: 3542: 3534: 3530: 3518: 3514: 3506: 3502: 3494: 3490: 3482: 3478: 3464: 3463: 3459: 3449: 3448: 3444: 3437: 3411:Nicolet, Claude 3409: 3408: 3404: 3392: 3388: 3380: 3376: 3369: 3356: 3355: 3351: 3343: 3339: 3333:Richardson 1992 3331:, p. 304; 3327: 3323: 3315: 3311: 3297: 3293: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3263: 3259: 3253:Richardson 1992 3251:, p. 298; 3247: 3243: 3237:Richardson 1992 3235: 3231: 3223: 3219: 3211: 3207: 3199: 3195: 3187: 3183: 3175: 3171: 3163: 3159: 3151: 3147: 3139: 3135: 3127: 3123: 3117:Richardson 1992 3115: 3111: 3105:Richardson 1992 3103: 3099: 3093:Richardson 1992 3091: 3087: 3081:Richardson 1992 3079: 3075: 3057:Richardson 1992 3055: 3051: 3043: 3039: 3033:Richardson 1992 3031: 3024: 3014: 3012: 3007: 3006: 2975: 2971: 2966: 2898: 2893: 2891: 2888: 2846: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2806: 2785:Dacia Aureliana 2780: 2766: 2764:Under Caracalla 2729: 2664:Marcus Aurelius 2577: 2525: 2454: 2452:Under Vespasian 2422:Alpes Maritimae 2411:Moesia Inferior 2379: 2231: 2209: 2164:Herod Archelaus 2149:Moesia Inferior 2145:Moesia Superior 2133:North Macedonia 2054:Western Numidia 1881: 1852: 1625:Attalid kingdom 1623:, formerly the 1615:Third Punic War 1551:First Punic War 1538: 1533: 1357: 1339: 1333: 1230: 1189: 1180: 1097: 1088:permanent court 1050:First Punic War 1040: 923: 855: 845:of the earlier 804: 747:Roman provinces 715: 686: 682:Other countries 673: 542: 499: 434: 379: 344: 300: 277:Sullan republic 242: 238: 229: 220: 216: 209: 199: 190: 181: 151: 138: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7465: 7463: 7455: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7434: 7433: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7389: 7386: 7385: 7382: 7381: 7378: 7377: 7375: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7328: 7327: 7322: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7303: 7302: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7258: 7256: 7252: 7251: 7249: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7232: 7231: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7165: 7164: 7154: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7129: 7124: 7123: 7122: 7114: 7109: 7108: 7107: 7102: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7068: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6983: 6981: 6973: 6972: 6969: 6962: 6961: 6958: 6957: 6954: 6953: 6950: 6949: 6946: 6945: 6943: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6861: 6859: 6855: 6854: 6852: 6851: 6846: 6845: 6844: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6813: 6812: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6751: 6750: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6709: 6708: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6657: 6656: 6646: 6641: 6635: 6633: 6625: 6624: 6621: 6614: 6613: 6610: 6609: 6606: 6605: 6603: 6602: 6601: 6600: 6592: 6587: 6582: 6577: 6576: 6575: 6568:Exclusion zone 6565: 6564: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6547:Economic zone 6544: 6542: 6538: 6537: 6535: 6534: 6533: 6532: 6524: 6518: 6516: 6512: 6511: 6509: 6508: 6506:Urban township 6503: 6498: 6496:Paper township 6493: 6491:Civil township 6488: 6482: 6480: 6474: 6473: 6471: 6470: 6465: 6459: 6457: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6436: 6435: 6425: 6420: 6415: 6414: 6413: 6408: 6397: 6395: 6389: 6388: 6386: 6385: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6357: 6355: 6349: 6348: 6346: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6319: 6318: 6311:Capital region 6308: 6303: 6302: 6301: 6292: 6290: 6284: 6283: 6281: 6280: 6277:Roman province 6273: 6266: 6260: 6258: 6252: 6251: 6249: 6248: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6225: 6223: 6217: 6216: 6214: 6213: 6208: 6203: 6202: 6201: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6160: 6158: 6152: 6151: 6149: 6148: 6145:Indian reserve 6142: 6135: 6133: 6129: 6128: 6126: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6109: 6107: 6101: 6100: 6098: 6097: 6095:Urban district 6092: 6091: 6090: 6080: 6079: 6078: 6068: 6067: 6066: 6061: 6053: 6048: 6046:Rural district 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6022: 6021: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5970: 5968: 5962: 5961: 5959: 5958: 5952: 5950: 5944: 5943: 5941: 5940: 5934: 5932: 5926: 5925: 5923: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5911: 5910: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5874: 5872: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5862: 5857: 5851: 5849: 5843: 5842: 5840: 5839: 5832: 5825: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5797: 5795: 5789: 5788: 5786: 5785: 5778: 5772: 5770: 5764: 5763: 5758: 5756: 5750: 5749: 5747: 5746: 5741: 5739:County borough 5735: 5733: 5727: 5726: 5724: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5697: 5695: 5687: 5686: 5683: 5672: 5671: 5666: 5659: 5658: 5652: 5650: 5649: 5642: 5635: 5627: 5618: 5617: 5615: 5614: 5607: 5600: 5594: 5584: 5577: 5574: 5573: 5570: 5569: 5567: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5550: 5547: 5546: 5543: 5536: 5535: 5532: 5531: 5528: 5527: 5524: 5523: 5521: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5508:Libya Inferior 5505: 5503:Libya Superior 5500: 5495: 5493:Augustamnica I 5490: 5485: 5480: 5474: 5472: 5466: 5465: 5463: 5462: 5457: 5452: 5447: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5381: 5379: 5373: 5372: 5370: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5293: 5291: 5285: 5284: 5282: 5281: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5251: 5249:Lycaonia (370) 5246: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5225: 5223: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5182: 5180: 5171: 5163: 5162: 5159: 5158: 5156: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5119: 5117: 5111: 5110: 5108: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5090:Dacia Ripensis 5087: 5081: 5079: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5033: 5031: 5022: 5010: 5009: 5003: 4996: 4995: 4992: 4991: 4988: 4987: 4984: 4983: 4981: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4949: 4947: 4941: 4940: 4938: 4937: 4932: 4927: 4922: 4913: 4908: 4902: 4900: 4894: 4893: 4891: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4839: 4837: 4828: 4820: 4819: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4786: 4784: 4778: 4777: 4775: 4774: 4769: 4764: 4759: 4754: 4752:Carthaginensis 4749: 4744: 4738: 4736: 4730: 4729: 4727: 4726: 4721: 4719:Novempopulania 4716: 4714:Narbonensis II 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4690: 4688: 4682: 4681: 4679: 4678: 4673: 4671:Lugdunensis IV 4668: 4663: 4661:Lugdunensis II 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4627: 4625: 4616: 4604: 4603: 4597: 4590: 4589: 4586: 4585: 4540: 4537: 4536: 4533: 4526: 4525: 4519: 4517: 4516: 4509: 4502: 4494: 4485: 4484: 4477: 4474: 4473: 4466: 4464: 4462: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4379: 4374: 4369: 4364: 4359: 4354: 4349: 4344: 4342:Gallia Belgica 4339: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4262:Arabia Petraea 4259: 4254: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4228: 4225: 4224: 4216: 4214: 4213: 4206: 4199: 4191: 4183: 4182: 4177: 4170: 4169:External links 4167: 4165: 4164: 4156: 4150: 4135: 4110: 4109: 4108: 4103: 4102: 4088: 4073: 4067: 4052: 4046: 4033: 4027: 4009: 4003: 3988: 3974: 3958: 3957: 3956: 3955: 3946: 3931: 3916: 3908:|website= 3890: 3866: 3865: 3864: 3863:Modern sources 3859: 3856: 3854: 3853: 3826: 3811: 3793: 3764: 3753: 3733: 3726: 3706: 3684: 3675: 3663: 3661:, p. 347. 3651: 3639: 3627: 3615: 3603: 3601:, p. 364. 3591: 3579: 3567: 3555: 3553:, p. 355. 3540: 3528: 3512: 3500: 3498:, p. 309. 3488: 3486:, p. 114. 3476: 3457: 3442: 3436:978-0472100965 3435: 3402: 3386: 3384:, p. 307. 3374: 3367: 3349: 3347:, p. 306. 3337: 3321: 3309: 3291: 3269: 3257: 3255:, p. 573. 3241: 3239:, p. 573. 3229: 3227:, p. 292. 3217: 3205: 3193: 3181: 3169: 3157: 3145: 3143:, p. 247. 3133: 3121: 3119:, p. 570. 3109: 3107:, p. 567. 3097: 3085: 3083:, p. 565. 3073: 3049: 3037: 3035:, p. 564. 3022: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2961: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2904: 2903: 2887: 2884: 2883: 2882: 2874: 2870:Polemii Silvii 2863: 2855: 2845: 2842: 2841: 2840: 2831: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2805: 2802: 2801: 2800: 2793: 2792: 2779: 2778:Under Aurelian 2776: 2775: 2774: 2765: 2762: 2761: 2760: 2753:Syria Phoenice 2745: 2728: 2725: 2724: 2723: 2716: 2697: 2686: 2675: 2656:Antoninus Pius 2652:Dacia Inferior 2648:Dacia Superior 2624: 2609: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2571: 2560: 2541: 2534:Agri Decumates 2524: 2523:Under Domitian 2521: 2520: 2519: 2492: 2477: 2470:Lesser Armenia 2466: 2453: 2450: 2449: 2448: 2437: 2418: 2403: 2378: 2375: 2374: 2373: 2358: 2347: 2332: 2331:respectively). 2309:Severn Estuary 2297: 2274: 2259: 2230: 2229:Under Claudius 2227: 2226: 2225: 2208: 2207:Under Tiberius 2205: 2204: 2203: 2152: 2121: 2114: 2091: 2080: 2061:Gallia Belgica 2057: 2030: 2015: 2008: 1989: 1988:respectively). 1946: 1931: 1920: 1909: 1880: 1879:Under Augustus 1877: 1851: 1848: 1812:Cisalpine Gaul 1809: 1808: 1765: 1746: 1719: 1705: 1696:(73–63 BC) by 1678: 1663: 1640: 1617: 1595: 1585: 1575: 1564: 1553: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1447:Constantinople 1349:, promoted by 1332: 1329: 1312:imperium maius 1277:probably held 1229: 1226: 1188: 1185: 1179: 1176: 1168:Jugurthine War 1096: 1093: 1039: 1033: 922: 919: 854: 851: 803: 800: 775:and later the 773:Roman Republic 717: 716: 714: 713: 706: 699: 691: 688: 687: 685: 684: 678: 675: 674: 672: 671: 666: 661: 656: 649: 642: 635: 628: 621: 614: 611:Vigintisexviri 607: 600: 593: 586: 579: 572: 564: 563: 562: 554: 553: 549: 548: 541: 540: 533: 526: 519: 511: 508: 507: 501: 500: 498: 497: 490: 483: 476: 469: 464: 457: 452: 446: 443: 442: 436: 435: 433: 432: 427: 422: 417: 412: 407: 402: 397: 391: 388: 387: 381: 380: 378: 377: 372: 367: 362: 356: 353: 352: 346: 345: 343: 342: 339:Cursus honorum 335: 330: 323: 318: 312: 309: 308: 302: 301: 299: 298: 293: 292: 291: 281: 280: 279: 269: 263: 260: 259: 253: 252: 251: 250: 241: 240: 231: 221: 219: 218: 211: 210:27 BC – AD 284 203: 202: 201: 200:27 BC – AD 395 192: 187:Roman Republic 183: 171: 170: 166: 165: 162: 161: 153: 152: 147: 140: 139: 137: 136: 129: 122: 114: 111: 110: 109: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 63: 55: 54: 46: 45: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7464: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7439: 7437: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7396: 7395: 7393: 7387: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7317: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7301: 7298: 7297: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7259: 7257: 7253: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7230: 7227: 7226: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7163: 7160: 7159: 7158: 7155: 7153: 7150: 7148: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7138: 7135: 7133: 7130: 7128: 7125: 7121: 7118: 7117: 7115: 7113: 7110: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7097: 7096:Kommun/Kunta 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6984: 6982: 6978: 6974: 6967: 6963: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6920:Roman diocese 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6862: 6860: 6856: 6850: 6847: 6843: 6840: 6839: 6838: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6825: 6823: 6820: 6818: 6815: 6811: 6808: 6807: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6760:Neighbourhood 6758: 6756: 6753: 6749: 6746: 6745: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6707: 6704: 6703: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6655: 6652: 6651: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6639:Alpine resort 6637: 6636: 6634: 6630: 6626: 6619: 6615: 6599: 6596: 6595: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6574: 6571: 6570: 6569: 6566: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6548: 6546: 6545: 6543: 6539: 6531: 6528: 6527: 6525: 6523: 6522:Regional unit 6520: 6519: 6517: 6513: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6483: 6481: 6479: 6475: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6460: 6458: 6456: 6452: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6434: 6431: 6430: 6429: 6426: 6424: 6421: 6419: 6416: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6403: 6402: 6399: 6398: 6396: 6394: 6390: 6384: 6383: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6371:Federal state 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6359: 6358: 6356: 6354: 6350: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6317: 6314: 6313: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6300: 6297: 6296: 6294: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6285: 6279: 6278: 6274: 6272: 6271: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6261: 6259: 6257: 6253: 6247: 6246: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6234:Subprefecture 6232: 6230: 6227: 6226: 6224: 6222: 6218: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6200: 6197: 6196: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6161: 6159: 6157: 6153: 6146: 6143: 6140: 6137: 6136: 6134: 6130: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6110: 6108: 6106: 6102: 6096: 6093: 6089: 6086: 6085: 6084: 6081: 6077: 6074: 6073: 6072: 6069: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6056: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6020: 6017: 6016: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6004:Land district 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5979:City district 5977: 5975: 5972: 5971: 5969: 5967: 5963: 5957: 5954: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5945: 5939: 5936: 5935: 5933: 5931: 5927: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5909: 5906: 5905: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5875: 5873: 5871: 5867: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5852: 5850: 5848: 5844: 5838: 5837: 5833: 5831: 5830: 5826: 5824: 5823: 5822:Imperial city 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5798: 5796: 5794: 5790: 5784: 5783: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5773: 5771: 5769: 5765: 5761: 5757: 5755: 5751: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5736: 5734: 5732: 5728: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5698: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5681: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5668:English terms 5664: 5660: 5656: 5648: 5643: 5641: 5636: 5634: 5629: 5628: 5625: 5612: 5608: 5605: 5601: 5599: 5595: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5583: 5579: 5578: 5575: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5551: 5548: 5541: 5537: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5475: 5473: 5471: 5467: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5453: 5451: 5448: 5446: 5443: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5430:Palaestina II 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5382: 5380: 5378: 5374: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5337:Cappadocia II 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5307:Armenia Maior 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5294: 5292: 5290: 5286: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5260: 5257: 5255: 5252: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5240: 5237: 5235: 5232: 5230: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5218: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5183: 5181: 5179: 5175: 5172: 5170: 5164: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5112: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5074: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5026: 5023: 5021: 5015: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4997: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4942: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4907: 4906:Alpes Cottiae 4904: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4895: 4889: 4886: 4884: 4881: 4879: 4876: 4874: 4871: 4869: 4866: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4849: 4846: 4844: 4841: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4832: 4829: 4827: 4821: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4779: 4773: 4772:Tarraconensis 4770: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4739: 4737: 4735: 4731: 4725: 4722: 4720: 4717: 4715: 4712: 4710: 4709:Narbonensis I 4707: 4705: 4704:Aquitanica II 4702: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4692: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4683: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4656:Lugdunensis I 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4609: 4605: 4600: 4595: 4591: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4565:Constantine I 4562: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4545: 4538: 4531: 4527: 4522: 4515: 4510: 4508: 4503: 4501: 4496: 4495: 4492: 4481: 4475: 4470: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4384: 4380: 4378: 4375: 4373: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4363: 4360: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4340: 4338: 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4268: 4265: 4263: 4260: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4247:Alpes Cottiae 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4230: 4229: 4226: 4222: 4212: 4207: 4205: 4200: 4198: 4193: 4192: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4178: 4176: 4173: 4172: 4168: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4147: 4143: 4142: 4136: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4111: 4107:Other sources 4106: 4105: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4089:0-521-85073-8 4085: 4081: 4080: 4074: 4070: 4068:9780888660138 4064: 4060: 4059: 4053: 4049: 4047:90-247-1458-3 4043: 4039: 4034: 4030: 4028:0-19-815068-7 4024: 4020: 4019: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4000: 3997:. Routledge. 3996: 3995: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3971: 3967: 3966: 3960: 3959: 3952: 3951:CAH 10 (1996) 3947: 3943: 3942:CAH 10 (1996) 3938: 3937: 3934: 3932:0-521-26430-8 3928: 3924: 3923: 3917: 3913: 3901: 3893: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3875: 3874: 3868: 3867: 3862: 3861: 3857: 3841: 3837: 3830: 3827: 3822: 3815: 3812: 3807: 3803: 3797: 3794: 3789: 3783: 3775: 3768: 3765: 3760: 3756: 3754:9780198153009 3750: 3746: 3745: 3737: 3734: 3729: 3723: 3719: 3718: 3710: 3707: 3694: 3688: 3685: 3679: 3676: 3672: 3667: 3664: 3660: 3655: 3652: 3648: 3643: 3640: 3636: 3631: 3628: 3624: 3619: 3616: 3612: 3607: 3604: 3600: 3595: 3592: 3588: 3583: 3580: 3576: 3571: 3568: 3564: 3559: 3556: 3552: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3537: 3532: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3516: 3513: 3509: 3504: 3501: 3497: 3492: 3489: 3485: 3480: 3477: 3473:. p. 98. 3472: 3468: 3461: 3458: 3453: 3446: 3443: 3438: 3432: 3428: 3424: 3419: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3390: 3387: 3383: 3378: 3375: 3370: 3364: 3360: 3353: 3350: 3346: 3341: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3325: 3322: 3318: 3313: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3292: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3273: 3270: 3266: 3261: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3245: 3242: 3238: 3233: 3230: 3226: 3221: 3218: 3214: 3209: 3206: 3202: 3197: 3194: 3190: 3185: 3182: 3178: 3173: 3170: 3166: 3161: 3158: 3154: 3149: 3146: 3142: 3137: 3134: 3130: 3125: 3122: 3118: 3113: 3110: 3106: 3101: 3098: 3094: 3089: 3086: 3082: 3077: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3053: 3050: 3046: 3041: 3038: 3034: 3029: 3027: 3023: 3010: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2974: 2968: 2963: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2905: 2901: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2879: 2875: 2872: 2871: 2868: 2864: 2862:(ca. 400–420) 2861: 2860: 2856: 2853: 2852: 2848: 2847: 2843: 2838: 2836: 2832: 2829: 2828: 2824: 2823: 2819: 2814: 2811: 2803: 2795: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2781: 2777: 2772: 2768: 2767: 2763: 2758: 2754: 2750: 2746: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2730: 2726: 2721: 2717: 2714: 2713:praefectorial 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2684: 2683:procuratorial 2680: 2677:AD 103/114 – 2676: 2673: 2669: 2668:procuratorial 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2622: 2621:propraetorial 2618: 2614: 2610: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2578: 2574: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2539: 2535: 2531: 2527: 2526: 2522: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2506:, annexed by 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2478: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2455: 2451: 2446: 2445:procuratorial 2442: 2441:Alpes Cottiae 2438: 2435: 2434:procuratorial 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2380: 2376: 2371: 2370:procuratorial 2367: 2363: 2359: 2356: 2355:procuratorial 2352: 2348: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2330: 2329:propraetorial 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2295: 2294:propraetorial 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2272: 2271:procuratorial 2268: 2264: 2260: 2257: 2256:procuratorial 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2232: 2228: 2223: 2219: 2218:propraetorial 2215: 2211: 2210: 2206: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2180:Herod Agrippa 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2119: 2115: 2112: 2108: 2107:propraetorial 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2089: 2088:procuratorial 2085: 2081: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2013: 2009: 2006: 2002: 2001:Julius Caesar 1999:conquered by 1998: 1994: 1990: 1987: 1986:propraetorial 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1970:propraetorial 1967: 1963: 1959: 1956:and southern 1955: 1951: 1947: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1898:Cleopatra VII 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1882: 1878: 1873: 1872:client states 1869: 1865: 1861: 1856: 1849: 1847: 1845: 1844:Acta Caesaris 1841: 1837: 1833: 1832: 1827: 1823: 1822: 1817: 1814:(in northern 1813: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1777:Julius Caesar 1774: 1770: 1766: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1713:Seleucid king 1710: 1706: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1627:, in western 1626: 1622: 1618: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1562: 1561:Mercenary War 1558: 1554: 1552: 1548: 1547:Carthaginians 1544: 1540: 1539: 1535: 1530: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1509: 1505: 1503: 1502: 1497: 1495: 1489: 1488: 1483: 1482: 1477: 1475: 1469: 1468: 1462: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1435: 1433: 1432:urban prefect 1429: 1428: 1423: 1419: 1418: 1413: 1412: 1407: 1406: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1384: 1379: 1378: 1373: 1372: 1367: 1352: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1337:Roman diocese 1330: 1328: 1325: 1321: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1304: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1271: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1249: 1246: 1242: 1241: 1235: 1227: 1225: 1223: 1218: 1214: 1213: 1207: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1186: 1184: 1177: 1175: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1156: 1154: 1150: 1149: 1144: 1140: 1139: 1133: 1132:promagistrate 1127: 1124: 1118: 1113: 1109: 1104: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1085: 1084: 1079: 1073: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1038: 1034: 1032: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1017: 1015: 1009: 1004: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 974: 968: 965: 959: 954: 950: 945: 940: 936: 935: 929: 920: 918: 916: 904: 900: 896: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 852: 850: 848: 844: 840: 836: 832: 828: 824: 820: 815: 813: 809: 801: 799: 797: 793: 789: 784: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 761: 756: 752: 748: 740: 735: 728: 723: 712: 707: 705: 700: 698: 693: 692: 690: 689: 683: 680: 679: 677: 676: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 654: 650: 648: 647: 643: 641: 640: 636: 634: 633: 629: 627: 626: 622: 620: 619: 615: 613: 612: 608: 606: 605: 601: 599: 598: 594: 592: 591: 587: 585: 584: 580: 578: 577: 573: 571: 570: 566: 565: 561: 558: 557: 556: 555: 550: 547: 546: 539: 538: 534: 532: 531: 527: 525: 524: 520: 518: 517: 513: 512: 510: 509: 506: 502: 496: 495: 491: 489: 488: 484: 482: 481: 477: 475: 474: 470: 468: 465: 463: 462: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 447: 445: 444: 441: 437: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 410:Promagistrate 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 396: 393: 392: 390: 389: 386: 382: 376: 373: 371: 368: 366: 363: 361: 358: 357: 355: 354: 351: 347: 341: 340: 336: 334: 331: 329: 328: 324: 322: 319: 317: 314: 313: 311: 310: 307: 303: 297: 294: 290: 287: 286: 285: 282: 278: 275: 274: 273: 270: 268: 265: 264: 262: 261: 258: 254: 249: 248: 244: 243: 237: 236: 232: 228: 227: 223: 222: 215: 212: 208: 205: 204: 198: 197: 193: 189: 188: 184: 180: 179: 178:Roman Kingdom 175: 174: 173: 172: 167: 164: 163: 159: 155: 154: 150: 145: 135: 130: 128: 123: 121: 116: 115: 113: 112: 107: 104: 102: 99: 97: 94: 92: 89: 87: 84: 82: 79: 77: 74: 72: 69: 67: 64: 62: 59: 58: 57: 56: 52: 48: 47: 44: 40: 37: 33: 19: 7391: 7312:Maalaiskunta 7272:Heerlijkheid 7112:Län (Sweden) 6780:Protectorate 6775:Principality 6696:Constituency 6585:Neutral zone 6380: 6276: 6275: 6268: 6243: 6156:Municipality 5834: 5827: 5820: 5806:Charter city 5780: 5711:Special area 5701:Insular area 5564:Spania (552) 5425:Palaestina I 5405:Euphratensis 5352:Helenopontus 5332:Cappadocia I 5239:Hellespontus 5138:Epirus Vetus 5105:Praevalitana 5020:of Illyricum 4810:Valentia (?) 4795:Britannia II 4699:Aquitanica I 4577:theme system 4542: 4381: 4184: 4162:(in German). 4159: 4140: 4127:. Retrieved 4123:the original 4118: 4078: 4057: 4040:. Springer. 4037: 4017: 3993: 3964: 3921: 3872: 3844:. Retrieved 3839: 3829: 3820: 3814: 3805: 3802:Cassius, Dio 3796: 3773: 3767: 3759:the original 3743: 3736: 3716: 3709: 3697:. Retrieved 3695:(in Italian) 3687: 3678: 3666: 3654: 3642: 3635:Drogula 2015 3630: 3623:Drogula 2015 3618: 3611:Drogula 2015 3606: 3599:Drogula 2015 3594: 3587:Drogula 2015 3582: 3570: 3563:Drogula 2015 3558: 3551:Drogula 2015 3536:Drogula 2015 3531: 3523: 3520:Drogula 2015 3515: 3503: 3496:Drogula 2015 3491: 3484:Lintott 1999 3479: 3466: 3460: 3454:. p. 8. 3451: 3445: 3416: 3405: 3397: 3394:Drogula 2015 3389: 3382:Drogula 2015 3377: 3358: 3352: 3345:Drogula 2015 3340: 3329:Drogula 2015 3324: 3317:Drogula 2015 3312: 3294: 3281: 3272: 3265:Drogula 2015 3260: 3249:Drogula 2015 3244: 3232: 3225:Drogula 2015 3220: 3213:Drogula 2015 3208: 3201:Drogula 2015 3196: 3189:Drogula 2015 3184: 3177:Drogula 2015 3172: 3165:Drogula 2015 3160: 3153:Drogula 2015 3148: 3141:Drogula 2015 3136: 3129:Drogula 2015 3124: 3112: 3100: 3088: 3076: 3068: 3067:, 516; Cic. 3064: 3060: 3052: 3040: 3013:. Retrieved 3011:(in Italian) 2876: 2865: 2857: 2849: 2834: 2826: 2712: 2682: 2667: 2662:) in 166 by 2632:Transylvania 2620: 2575:Under Trajan 2463:Antiochus IV 2444: 2433: 2369: 2354: 2328: 2305:River Humber 2293: 2288:and part of 2270: 2255: 2217: 2182:in AD 41 by 2159: 2141:Batonian War 2111:Guadalquivir 2106: 2087: 2053: 2049: 2046:Africa Vetus 2045: 2041: 1985: 1969: 1966:Batonian War 1905: 1843: 1829: 1819: 1810: 1792: 1789:Africa Vetus 1788: 1780: 1775:– Algeria), 1690:Nicomedes IV 1639:, in 133 BC. 1609:and western 1601:(modern-day 1517:theme system 1506: 1500: 1491: 1485: 1479: 1471: 1465: 1463: 1436: 1425: 1415: 1409: 1403: 1381: 1375: 1369: 1364:The emperor 1363: 1324:pro praetore 1323: 1320:pro praetore 1319: 1316: 1311: 1307: 1303:pro praetore 1302: 1300: 1278: 1274: 1268: 1260: 1256: 1252: 1250: 1238: 1233: 1231: 1211: 1208: 1190: 1181: 1171: 1160:Gaius Marius 1157: 1152: 1146: 1143:pro praetore 1142: 1136: 1128: 1111: 1103:extra sortem 1098: 1081: 1077: 1074: 1060: 1041: 1036: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1018: 1013: 985: 977: 969: 938: 932: 924: 914: 898: 894: 878: 870: 866: 862: 856: 816: 805: 785: 777:Roman Empire 765:Ancient Rome 746: 744: 651: 644: 637: 630: 623: 616: 609: 602: 595: 588: 581: 574: 567: 543: 535: 528: 521: 514: 492: 485: 478: 471: 459: 337: 325: 321:Collegiality 257:Constitution 245: 234: 225: 196:Roman Empire 194: 185: 176: 61:Graeco-Roman 36: 7307:Landskommun 7199:Savivaldybė 7065:Switzerland 7060:South Tyrol 6940:Viceroyalty 6733:Governorate 6691:Condominium 6594:Trade zone 6468:Market town 6463:Census town 6361:Proto-state 6333:Microregion 5898:County town 5893:County seat 5760:Half-canton 5611:Justinian I 5483:Aegyptus II 5415:Mesopotamia 5362:Paphlagonia 5191:Haemimontus 5169:of the East 5133:Epirus Nova 5057:Pannonia II 4790:Britannia I 4651:Germania II 4482:'s reforms. 4414:Mesopotamia 3699:20 November 3671:Bowman 1996 3659:Bowman 1996 3647:Bowman 1996 3575:Bowman 1996 3425:. pp. 3299:Badian 2012 3015:20 November 2749:Syria Coele 2701:Mesopotamia 2679:Epirus Nova 2660:Tres Daciae 2644:Dacian Wars 2586:Trachonitis 2549:Netherlands 2543:AD 83/84 – 2528:AD 83/84 – 2426:French Alps 2413:. In 68 AD 2366:Switzerland 2276:AD 41/53 – 2158:, imperial 2135:, northern 2065:Netherlands 2042:Africa Nova 1943:Extremadura 1894:Mark Antony 1826:Roman Italy 1793:Africa Nova 1781:Africa Nova 1769:Africa Nova 1637:Attalus III 1593:Achaean War 1411:correctores 1388:Roman Italy 1296:Balkan wars 1215:which gave 1212:lex Gabinia 1172:lex Gabinia 1153:pro consule 1148:pro consule 1110:passed the 812:Roman Italy 769:Roman Italy 516:Mos maiorum 296:Late Empire 239:AD 395–1453 7436:Categories 7255:Historical 7219:Shahrestān 7162:Autonomous 6910:Presidency 6858:Historical 6827:Suzerainty 6810:Autonomous 6654:Autonomous 6376:Free state 6366:City-state 6328:Mesoregion 6221:Prefecture 5948:Department 5588:reconquest 5478:Aegyptus I 5440:Phoenice I 5395:Cilicia II 5302:Armenia II 5052:Pannonia I 4724:Viennensis 4646:Germania I 4641:Belgica II 4581:Asia Minor 4553:Diocletian 4480:Diocletian 4292:Cappadocia 4119:Livius.org 3846:14 October 3508:Crook 1996 3398:provinciae 3045:Mason 1974 2964:References 2878:Synecdemus 2867:Laterculus 2808:See also: 2715:province). 2685:province). 2654:in 158 by 2619:(imperial 2594:Gaulanitis 2555:, part of 2447:province). 2396:Cappadocia 2377:Under Nero 2372:province). 2357:province). 2296:province). 2273:province). 2258:province). 2238:(northern 2214:Cappadocia 2194:; renamed 2101:(southern 2086:(imperial 2073:Luxembourg 1906:praefectus 1605:, eastern 1513:Exarchates 1451:Mediolanum 1405:consulares 1392:proconsuls 1366:Diocletian 1351:Diocletian 1123:provinciae 1117:provinciae 1095:Assignment 1068:provinciae 1035:Permanent 1008:provinciae 973:provinciae 964:provinciae 925:The Latin 839:equestrian 825:or former 819:senatorial 788:Diocletian 760:provinciae 597:Praefectus 505:Public law 360:Centuriate 350:Assemblies 327:Auctoritas 230:AD 395–476 217:AD 284–641 207:Principate 182:753–509 BC 7452:Provinces 7296:Landskap 7292:Län/Lääni 7246:Vingtaine 7214:Seniūnija 7204:Selsoviet 7179:Poblacion 7116:Landskap 7046:Gemeinde 7037:Freguesia 6992:Apskritis 6915:Residency 6880:Exarchate 6822:Sultanate 6713:Eldership 6644:Bailiwick 6393:Territory 6343:Subregion 6088:in the US 5920:Viscounty 5847:Community 5390:Cilicia I 5342:Galatia I 5297:Armenia I 5264:Pamphylia 5196:Moesia II 5153:Thessalia 4930:Raetia II 4762:Lusitania 4757:Gallaecia 4747:Balearica 4636:Belgica I 4399:Macedonia 4287:Britannia 3984:905949529 3910:ignored ( 3900:cite book 3873:provincia 3821:Athenaeum 3782:cite book 3776:. London. 3413:(1991) . 3304:provincia 2969:Citations 2928:Geography 2881:(ca. 520) 2873:(ca. 430) 2854:(ca. 310) 2839:(ca. 140) 2837:(Ptolemy) 2835:Geography 2830:(ca. 100) 2798:conquest. 2783:AD 271 – 2769:AD 214 – 2747:AD 194 – 2732:AD 193 – 2718:AD 116 – 2699:AD 116 – 2688:AD 114 – 2626:AD 107 – 2623:province) 2611:AD 106 – 2598:Auranitis 2512:Pamphylia 2500:Vespasian 2459:Commagene 2436:province) 2420:AD 63? – 2360:AD 47? – 2340:Pamphylia 2301:Britannia 2280:(central 2222:Archelaus 2097:; former 2090:province) 2021:(central 1993:Aquitania 1974:Vespasian 1950:Illyricum 1935:Lusitania 1926:; former 1917:Macedonia 1799:restored 1771:(Eastern 1739:Pamphylia 1671:Cyrenaica 1660:Marseille 1642:120 BC – 1619:129 BC – 1597:146 BC – 1589:Macedonia 1587:147 BC – 1577:197 BC – 1566:197 BC – 1555:237 BC – 1541:241 BC – 1459:Nicomedia 1417:praesides 1371:tetrarchy 1292:Macedonia 1288:Illyricum 1240:lex Titia 1204:autocracy 1194:popularis 1055:provincia 1045:provincia 1037:provincia 1029:provincia 1025:provincia 1021:provincia 986:provincia 978:provincia 944:provincia 928:provincia 921:Emergence 871:provincia 867:provincia 835:Cleopatra 808:Tetrarchy 755:provincia 639:Imperator 487:Decemviri 480:Triumviri 450:Corrector 191:509–27 BC 7397:See also 7132:Maakunta 7127:Località 7072:Gemeente 7032:Frazione 7002:Barangay 6832:Townland 6770:Precinct 6755:Muftiate 6706:District 6666:Cadastre 6478:Township 6256:Province 6147:(Canada) 6105:Division 5966:District 5357:Honorias 5327:Bithynia 5100:Moesia I 5095:Dardania 5037:Dalmatia 4958:Byzacena 4925:Raetia I 4873:Sardinia 4848:Campania 4826:of Italy 4549:dioceses 4322:Dalmatia 4237:Aegyptus 4220:(117 AD) 4129:26 March 4015:(1999). 3280:(2000). 3071:, 26.63. 2886:See also 2827:Germania 2789:Aurelian 2771:Osrhoene 2672:Aurelian 2562:AD 92 – 2538:Domitian 2508:Claudius 2494:AD 74 – 2485:Augustus 2468:AD 72 – 2457:AD 72 – 2439:AD 63 – 2424:(on the 2405:AD 63 – 2382:AD 62 – 2349:AD 46 – 2342:to form 2334:AD 43 – 2313:Agricola 2299:AD 43 – 2286:Slovenia 2261:AD 42 – 2252:Claudius 2248:Caligula 2234:AD 42 – 2212:AD 17 – 2184:Claudius 2137:Bulgaria 2123:AD 6? – 2093:14 BC – 2082:15 BC – 2059:22 BC – 2032:25 BC – 2023:Anatolia 2017:25 BC – 1962:Dalmatia 1958:Pannonia 1948:27 BC – 1939:Portugal 1933:27 BC – 1922:27 BC – 1911:27 BC – 1890:Augustus 1886:Aegyptus 1884:30 BC – 1836:Augustus 1824:part of 1821:de facto 1803:(son of 1797:Augustus 1767:46 BC – 1748:58 BC – 1721:63 BC – 1707:63 BC – 1680:63 BC – 1665:67 BC – 1652:the Alps 1631:(now in 1629:Anatolia 1525:Dominate 1453:(modern 1427:vicarius 1422:dioceses 1377:Augustus 1318:legates 1308:imperium 1279:imperium 955:was the 949:quaestor 939:imperium 934:imperium 915:eparchos 895:eparchia 863:province 831:Augustus 827:praetors 781:governor 767:outside 727:Augustus 669:Tetrarch 659:Augustus 604:Vicarius 583:Officium 494:Interrex 455:Dictator 430:Governor 405:Quaestor 370:Plebeian 316:Imperium 272:Republic 247:Timeline 214:Dominate 7392:italics 7352:Satrapy 7337:Pargana 7262:Commote 7120:Finland 7100:Finland 7092:Kampong 7082:Hromada 7055:Germany 7050:Austria 7022:Comarca 6980:Current 6935:Tithing 6905:Monthon 6890:Hundred 6837:Village 6790:Regency 6785:Quarter 6718:Emirate 6686:Commune 6676:Circuit 6632:Current 5930:Country 5768:Capital 5731:Borough 5554:Taurica 5488:Arcadia 5450:Syria I 5420:Osroene 5410:Isauria 5269:Pisidia 5244:Islands 5211:Thracia 5206:Scythia 5201:Rhodope 4920:Aemilia 4916:Liguria 4888:Valeria 4878:Sicilia 4868:Samnium 4853:Corsica 4742:Baetica 4614:of Gaul 4569:Ravenna 4534:History 4459:Thracia 4449:Sicilia 4429:Noricum 4332:Galatia 4297:Cilicia 4277:Assyria 4267:Armenia 3858:Sources 2923:Ecumene 2734:Numidia 2720:Assyria 2694:Hadrian 2690:Armenia 2674:in 271. 2640:Oltenia 2590:Batanea 2564:Chalcis 2557:Belgium 2516:Galatia 2489:Cilicia 2481:Cilicia 2392:Colchis 2351:Thracia 2307:to the 2290:Bavaria 2282:Austria 2278:Noricum 2267:Algeria 2244:Ptolemy 2240:Morocco 2200:Hadrian 2188:Galilee 2168:Samaria 2154:AD 6 – 2116:7 BC – 2069:Belgium 2038:Juba II 2027:Amyntas 2019:Galatia 1954:Illyria 1902:pharaoh 1862:(117); 1831:de jure 1801:Juba II 1773:Numidia 1758:Cilicia 1727:Cilicia 1723:Cilicia 1607:Algeria 1603:Tunisia 1543:Sicilia 1521:themata 1487:limites 1474:Notitia 1414:to the 1265:legates 953:praetor 909:ἔπαρχος 889:ἐπαρχίᾱ 879:eparchy 859:English 823:consuls 802:History 739:Hadrian 590:Praeses 569:Legatus 560:Emperor 420:Tribune 400:Praetor 365:Curiate 267:Kingdom 235:Eastern 226:Western 169:Periods 71:Islamic 66:Chinese 7367:Syssel 7357:Socken 7325:Greece 7300:Sweden 7287:Korale 7282:Köping 7277:Komunë 7241:Tehsil 7157:Oblast 7105:Sweden 7027:Comune 7012:Bezirk 7007:Bashki 6997:Bakhsh 6870:Barony 6865:Agency 6842:Summer 6805:Sector 6800:Riding 6765:Parish 6738:Hamlet 6681:Colony 6671:Circle 6649:Banner 6288:Region 5870:County 5754:Canton 5606:in 536 5400:Cyprus 5385:Arabia 5186:Europa 5123:Achaea 4573:Africa 4444:Raetia 4389:Iudaea 4383:Italia 4327:Epirus 4312:Cyprus 4232:Achaia 4148: 4098:121060 4096: 4086: 4065: 4044: 4025: 4001: 3982: 3972: 3929: 3888: 3751: 3724: 3433: 3429:, 15. 3365: 2638:, and 2634:, the 2617:Trajan 2613:Arabia 2602:Paneas 2582:Iturea 2510:, and 2400:Trajan 2384:Pontus 2192:Peraea 2176:Idumea 2174:, and 2156:Judaea 2129:Serbia 2125:Moesia 2113:River. 2084:Raetia 2005:census 1913:Achaia 1860:Trajan 1840:Caesar 1805:Juba I 1785:Africa 1750:Cyprus 1731:piracy 1698:Pompey 1684:; the 1633:Turkey 1599:Africa 1383:caesar 1290:, and 1284:Africa 1275:legati 1257:public 1234:fasces 1217:Pompey 1078:ad hoc 1063:Baetis 1014:ad hoc 994:Second 899:eparch 757:, pl. 664:Caesar 625:Lictor 425:Censor 415:Aedile 395:Consul 375:Tribal 284:Empire 7362:Subah 7347:Rreth 7342:Plasă 7332:Pagus 7320:Egypt 7316:Nome 7236:Sýsla 7229:China 7209:Sitio 7194:Raion 7184:Purok 7174:Ostān 7169:Okrug 7147:Mukim 7142:Muban 7137:Megye 7087:Județ 7077:Gmina 6930:Tenth 6900:March 6875:Burgh 6817:Shire 6748:Royal 6743:Manor 6701:Duchy 6661:Block 6353:State 5259:Lydia 5254:Lycia 5234:Caria 5128:Creta 5062:Savia 4454:Syria 4317:Dacia 3069:Cael. 3065:Haut. 3061:Capt. 2757:Syria 2636:Banat 2628:Dacia 2553:Rhine 2504:Lycia 2415:Galba 2336:Lycia 2172:Judea 2103:Spain 2077:Rhine 1816:Italy 1735:Lycia 1709:Syria 1675:Crete 1611:Libya 1481:duces 1455:Milan 947:of a 903:Greek 883:Greek 861:word 843:kings 751:Latin 7372:Zhou 7189:Qark 6925:Seat 6885:Hide 6849:Ward 6541:Zone 6515:Unit 6455:Town 5793:City 5694:Area 5229:Asia 4571:and 4272:Asia 4146:ISBN 4131:2020 4094:OCLC 4084:ISBN 4063:ISBN 4042:ISBN 4023:ISBN 3999:ISBN 3980:OCLC 3970:ISBN 3927:ISBN 3912:help 3886:ISBN 3848:2014 3788:link 3749:ISBN 3722:ISBN 3701:2021 3431:ISBN 3363:ISBN 3017:2021 2751:and 2705:Iraq 2650:and 2600:and 2430:Nero 2323:and 2190:and 2147:and 1997:Gaul 1980:and 1941:and 1896:and 1737:and 1621:Asia 1408:and 1400:Asia 1398:and 996:and 857:The 745:The 7267:Gau 7224:Sum 6987:Amt 4918:et 3878:doi 3526:34. 2740:by 2536:by 2198:by 1846:). 1394:of 1360:). 1259:or 917:). 798:). 576:Dux 523:Ius 473:Rex 7438:: 7394:. 7042:Fu 4557:c. 4555:, 4117:. 4092:. 3978:. 3904:: 3902:}} 3898:{{ 3884:. 3838:. 3804:. 3784:}} 3780:{{ 3543:^ 3524:RG 3469:. 3421:. 3284:. 3025:^ 2976:^ 2596:, 2592:, 2588:, 2584:, 2498:. 2402:). 2346:). 2170:, 2071:, 2056:). 1725:; 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