474:, allowing domestic production of these rounds to catch up to demand. Kahl also claimed that DPICMs can “scatter over a wide area” than standard rounds, including Russian defences such as trenches. An unnamed Pentagon official put the figure of these rounds at “hundreds of thousands”. The expected fail rate is less than 2.35%. Kahl claimed that Russian cluster munitions have a fail rate of 30-40%. Ukraine has had to enter into guarantees not to use them in civilian areas and to mark areas where they have been used.
31:
427:
with explosives, recycling them for use as inexpensive training ammunition. One such round is the M1122, built from recycled shell casings from DPICM rounds that have some explosive filling replaced with concrete. As a training round, the M1122 has one-seventh the explosive impact at one-third the cost of a standard
466:, Under Secretary of Defense for Policy, told reporters that DPICMs were needed by Ukraine. Russian defences are making Ukraine’s offensive “hard sledding, because the Russians had six months to dig in.” Their usage also takes pressure off of US stockpiles of 155 mm unitary high explosive rounds, such as those by
489:
had found that while it took approximately 13.6 high explosive shells for each enemy soldier killed. A shell firing DPICMs relied on average only 1.7 shells to kill an enemy soldier making it eight times as effective in producing casualties as standard high explosive projectiles. RUSI used an example
544:
has described the resulting scene as "murder" and a "bloodbath", given that
Ukrainian artillery spotters were afforded an unobstructed view of the Russian retreat in the clear light of day, and the retreating Russian infantrymen were completely unsupported by tanks or other vehicles. Regarding this
426:
Large quantities of munitions bought during the Cold War were put into war reserve stockpiles. As of 2014, many were reaching the end of their useful life and required disposal, an expensive process. The warheads, which are now old and less stable, must be extracted. The shells are being refilled
524:
has reported that at least 10 types of cluster munitions are already being used on the battlefield, including munitions which were left over from USSR weapons stockpiles, and including the use of cluster munitions by Russia since 2014. It is reported, though officially denied, that Turkey has
520:, including Germany, France and the United Kingdom. However neither Ukraine nor the United States have signed the agreement. Several other NATO member states, including Estonia, Finland, Greece, Latvia, Poland, Romania, and Turkey, are also not signatories of this agreement, nor is Russia.
190:
The first true DPICM was the 155 mm M483, produced in the 1970s. By 1975, an improved version, the M483A1, was being used. The projectile carried 88 M42/M46 grenade-like dual purpose submunitions. The 155 mm M864 projectile entered production in 1987, and featured a
805:
434:
The U.S. Army is seeking a replacement of DPICMs from the
Alternative Warhead Program (AWP). The AWP warheads have an equal or greater effect against materiel and personnel targets, while leaving no unexploded ordnance behind. The program is being developed by
198:
The base bleed mechanism reduces the submunition count to 72. Work was budgeted in 2003 to retrofit the M42/M46 grenades with self-destruct fuses to reduce the problem of "dud" submunitions that do not initially explode, but may explode later upon handling.
545:
lack of support and the outcome of the poorly-executed
Russian retreat, Axe cites Russian military bloggers who blame the carnage on “the 37th Motor Rifle Brigade for failing to send tanks to support the infantry”, as well as “brigade troopers were drunk”.
186:
Development work for DPICM projectiles began in the late 1950s. The first projectile, the 105 mm M444 entered service in 1961. Its submunitions were simple bounding anti-personnel grenades (ICM). Production of the M444 ended in the early 1990s.
416:
DPICM has a potential destructive effect on armored vehicles due to the shaped charge bomblet, but it may require a very large number of shells to have an effect against targets like tank formations to the point of
34:
A US-made M77 DPICM of the type used by the MLRS artillery rocket launcher system. The M77 was developed from the M483A1 that was developed for so-called "cargo" artillery shells in the 155 mm and 8-inch (203 mm)
490:
of a trench, a direct hit by a high explosive round will spread shrapnel "within line of sight of the point of detonation". This also reduces the wear and tear on the barrels of 155 mm artillery weapons systems.
640:
627:
975:
780:
914:
ARMY AMMUNITION DATA SHEETS ARTILLERY AMMUNITION FOR GUNS, HOWITZERS, MORTARS, RECOILLESS RIFLES, AND 40MM GRENADE LAUNCHERS (FEDERAL SUPPLY CLASS 1310, 1315, 1320, 1390)
931:
202:
Work on 105 mm projectiles started in the late 1990s based around the M80 submunition. The eventual results were two shells, the M915 intended for use with the
676:
743:
724:
536:. The two videos appear to show the remaining Russian forces in the town retreating under fire, as the Ukrainians deploy DPICMs in their path.
894:
594:
413:
They can give a heavy, indirect-fire cannon the ability to engage area targets, with the spread compensating for their inherent inaccuracy;
658:
705:
502:
517:
478:
84:
862:
451:
On July 7, 2023, the US announced that it would supply DPICM munitions to
Ukraine. The weapon system could be used in both
965:
75:
role, hence the nomenclature "dual-purpose". Some submunitions may be designed for delayed reaction or mobility denial (
762:
562:
819:
970:
52:
912:
529:
68:
59:
at an optimum altitude and distance from the desired target for dense area coverage. The submunitions use both
847:
494:
895:"What are the cluster munitions the US is expected to supply Ukraine and why are they so controversial?"
824:
498:
513:
440:
481:(RUSI) published an article supporting the supply of cluster munitions to Ukraine, arguing that a
30:
610:
521:
482:
195:
that enhances the range of the projectile, although it still carries the same M42/M46 grenades.
17:
870:
590:
462:
President Biden justified the move by saying "the
Ukrainians are running out of ammunition”.
706:"Biden administration could soon approve sending controversial cluster munitions to Ukraine"
677:"US to send cluster munitions because Ukrainian counteroffensive 'going slower than hoped'"
436:
533:
471:
959:
744:"Ukraine Situation Report: U.S. Sending 'Hundreds Of Thousands' Of Cluster Munitions"
509:
that they had received the cluster munitions pledged by the United States in 7 July.
463:
211:
207:
72:
60:
681:
80:
628:
Groundbreaking round: New artillery round brings promise of more bang, less buck
486:
56:
192:
76:
64:
920:(Technical Manual). United States Army Publishing Directorate. 28 April 1994.
874:
863:"Opinion | Ukrainians are begging for cluster munitions to stop the Russians"
516:, objections have been raised by some NATO members which had signed the 2008
806:"Giving Ukraine Cluster Munitions is Necessary, Legal and Morally Justified"
781:"Giving Ukraine Cluster Munitions is Necessary, Legal and Morally Justified"
541:
79:). The air-to-surface variety of this kind of munition is better known as a
48:
936:
932:"Ukrainian Cluster Shells Massacred Russian Troops Fleeing Urozhaine"
571:
537:
467:
456:
452:
203:
763:"End justifies means for Biden in sending cluster bombs to Ukraine"
525:
provided other types of cluster munitions to
Ukraine in the past.
29:
428:
725:"U.S. actively considering giving cluster munitions to Ukraine"
506:
659:"Lockheed Martin GMLRS Alternative Warhead Gets First Order"
589:. Norwegian Defence Research Establishment. pp. 35–36.
528:
On 14 August, Ukrainian forces released drone footage from
804:
Dr Jack
Watling; Professor Justin Bronk (10 July 2023).
820:"Commander: Ukraine receives cluster munitions from US"
443:. The first AW rockets were ordered in September 2015.
83:. They are banned by more than 100 countries under the
564:
The
Evolution of Artillery for Increased Effectiveness
641:"US Army searches for cluster munitions alternatives"
206:
light towed howitzer, and the M916 developed for the
587:
Cluster weapons – military utility and alternatives
8:
848:"Cluster Munition Use in Russia-Ukraine War"
409:DPICMs were developed for several reasons:
96:Combat comparative effectiveness (Vietnam)
41:dual-purpose improved conventional munition
976:Military equipment introduced in the 1960s
94:
216:
554:
505:deployed in the southern front, told
7:
808:. Royal United Services Institute.
704:Bertrand, Natasha (29 June 2023).
25:
611:"Recycling Cold War Super Shells"
501:, the commander of the Ukrainian
723:WARD, ALEXANDER (29 June 2023).
630:- Marines.mil, 30 November 2015
518:Convention on Cluster Munitions
479:Royal United Services Institute
298:(production ended early 1990s)
91:United States DPICM projectiles
85:Convention on Cluster Munitions
55:warhead designed to burst into
18:Improved conventional munitions
742:ALTMAN, HOWARD (7 July 2023).
1:
761:Smith, David (8 July 2023).
447:Russian invasion of Ukraine
992:
861:Rogin, Josh (2023-03-02).
53:surface-to-surface missile
512:During the course of the
503:Tavriia military sector
431:high-explosive shell.
36:
570:, Picatinny Arsenal,
33:
966:Artillery ammunition
825:The Kyiv Independent
665:. 15 September 2015.
585:Dullum, Ove (2008).
499:Oleksandr Tarnavskyi
617:. January 25, 2013.
514:Russo-Ukrainian War
459:shell projectiles.
441:Alliant Techsystems
97:
522:Human Rights Watch
497:Brigadier General
483:United States Army
380:Length (fuzed) mm
355:Weight projectile
350:(M444E1 used M36)
95:
37:
971:Cluster munitions
596:978-82-464-1318-1
402:
401:
184:
183:
27:Artillery warhead
16:(Redirected from
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940:. 14 August 2023
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615:Strategypage.com
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157:Rounds expended
115:Rounds expended
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867:Washington Post
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663:Marketwatch.com
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437:Lockheed Martin
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93:
28:
23:
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15:
12:
11:
5:
989:
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978:
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901:. 7 July 2023.
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850:. 29 May 2023.
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828:. 13 July 2023
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647:. 6 June 2013.
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534:Donetsk Oblast
495:Ukrainian Army
472:M982 Excalibur
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171:Rounds / kill
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129:Rounds / kill
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92:
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61:shaped charges
26:
24:
14:
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10:
9:
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2:
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785:rusi.orghttps
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685:. 7 July 2023
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485:study of the
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469:
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464:Colin H. Kahl
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278:Service date
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109:
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101:Conventional
100:
99:
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88:
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82:
78:
74:
73:antipersonnel
70:
69:fragmentation
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
32:
19:
942:. Retrieved
935:
926:
913:
907:
898:
889:
878:. Retrieved
866:
856:
842:
830:. Retrieved
823:
814:
799:
788:. Retrieved
784:
775:
767:The Guardian
766:
756:
747:
737:
728:
718:
709:
699:
687:. Retrieved
682:The Guardian
680:
671:
662:
653:
644:
635:
623:
614:
605:
586:
580:
563:
557:
527:
511:
493:On 12 July,
492:
477:On 10 July,
476:
461:
450:
433:
425:
408:
255:Caliber mm
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
223:
201:
197:
189:
185:
81:cluster bomb
57:submunitions
44:
40:
38:
574:, June 2008
487:Vietnam War
366:47 (approx)
360:94 (approx)
357:(fuzed) kg
220:Projectile
214:howitzers.
960:Categories
880:2023-07-17
790:2024-09-04
549:References
348:18 Ă— M39
193:base bleed
67:role, and
65:anti-armor
875:0190-8286
748:the drive
645:Dmilt.com
542:David Axe
530:Urozhaine
417:futility;
337:48 Ă— M42
332:64 Ă— M42
329:180 Ă— M42
303:Range km
49:artillery
35:calibers.
729:politico
470:and the
345:42 Ă— M80
342:42 Ă— M80
339:24 Ă— M46
334:24 Ă— M46
306:5.4–23.4
290:1998 (?)
71:for the
63:for the
47:) is an
944:13 July
832:13 July
540:writer
321:?–11.5
152:203 mm
149:155 mm
146:105 mm
110:203 mm
107:155 mm
104:105 mm
937:Forbes
873:
689:7 July
593:
572:RDECOM
538:Forbes
468:HIMARS
457:155 mm
453:HIMARS
422:Future
398:371.9
375:14.97
229:M483A1
224:M509A1
204:M119A1
918:(PDF)
568:(PDF)
532:, in
326:Load
315:10–14
296:1961
160:1121
138:16.6
135:13.6
132:31.6
121:3465
118:7079
77:mines
45:DPICM
946:2023
871:ISSN
834:2023
691:2023
591:ISBN
455:and
439:and
429:M795
405:Uses
383:1115
363:46.5
318:3–11
312:?–30
309:?–17
293:1998
287:1987
284:1975
273:105
249:M444
244:M916
239:M915
234:M864
212:M102
208:M101
180:0.8
177:1.7
166:153
163:772
143:ICM
124:149
899:CNN
710:CNN
507:CNN
389:899
386:937
270:105
267:105
264:155
261:155
258:203
51:or
962::
934:.
897:.
869:.
865:.
822:.
783:.
765:.
746:.
727:.
708:.
679:.
661:.
643:.
613:.
174:2
87:.
39:A
948:.
883:.
836:.
793:.
769:.
750:.
731:.
712:.
693:.
599:.
395:?
392:?
372:?
369:?
281:?
210:/
43:(
20:)
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