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investigate. It exposed the situation of discrimination to which they were subjected, advocating a change in customs and an equal evaluation of relations between the sexes. In this text, Joyes exhorts women to assume an intellectual, moral, and sentimental autonomy with which to establish their happiness, and this reveals elements of her personality: lucid, risky, not at all conformist with the feminine models imposed by enlightened rationalism and sentimental philosophy: the excellence of motherhood and the happiness of conjugal and domestic life.
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109:, making their fortune around large cities and especially in the capital. It must have been a family with a certain cultural level, and their comfortable social position allowed Ines access to a deeper intellectual education than most of her contemporaries. She spoke several languages, including English, French, and Spanish, and participated in gatherings and cultural meetings organized by Enlightenment figures.
134:, this being its first translation into Spanish. In it, Inés also included a text in the form of a letter, "Apología de las mujeres" (Apology of Women), constituting her only surviving work. At that time, she was 67 years old and represented the most advanced ideas about women in the Enlightenment era, forming part of that group of women in Spain and Europe that began to break through and make evident the
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In 1752, she married the merchant Agustín Blake, a relative on her mother's side, in what was an arranged marriage, serving social equilibrium and economic convenience. The couple had nine children – five boys and four girls – over twenty years. They maintained extensive family relationships and with
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The text is written in the first person, and this fact serves to support her arguments, as it gives them validity from her own experience. It offers an image of the family far from the idealization of the literature of the time. She shares that the family is a social and educational institution that
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In her feminist contribution through this essay, Joyes shows the relationship of women with the public sphere in 18th-century Spain. In turn, she defends the exercise of reason by women, in an attempt to make them aware of their own intellectual capacity and their worth, trying to maintain their
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One criticism that stands out in Joyes' work is that related to the moral double standard that proposed very different demands for men and women in family matters, of life choices, etc. This would constitute an important contribution in a subject in that other intellectuals of the time did not
185:, who affirmed that keeping women in ignorance hid a clear purpose of male domination, and explains that family and marriage are not the only paths to the fulfillment of women. In this sense, she encourages women to also find emotional satisfaction in activities such as reading or studying.
211:, the contribution of Joyes is mainly about the inequalities of women in the private sphere and in social spaces: family, education, romantic and social relationships, judgment, and writing. Being familiar with Enlightenment ideas, it is possible that Inés Joyes read her contemporary
203:, which provoked a great controversy and led to an avalanche of texts on the nature, morals, and education of women. The 1790s saw a radicalization of critical discourse and the demands of women throughout Europe. However, as in other writings published in those years such as
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confidence in the face of male opinion. She firmly denounces social inequalities and interests that limited the ability of women, to confine them to family life, showing special concern for the education of women and the role that they played in society.
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However, the life of Joyes was discreet, like that of so many women of her time. Her translation and work went unnoticed, with recent analysis of her text shedding light on the relevance that she could have had to the feminist thought of her time.
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Inés Joyes y Blake was born in Madrid into a
Catholic family, with a French mother and an Irish father. Like many Irish families settled in Spain at the time, hers belonged to the world of the business
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influential people in local society. However, Joyes is not known for public activities beyond her family responsibilities or indirect involvement in business. First they settled in
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is the basis of society, but in which women do not have high expectations of development, and in which their identity and social consideration are linked to marriage.
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Her translation of the novel The
History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia by Samuel Johnson (on left) includes one of the first feminist essays in Spain (on the right)
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The impact that "Apología" had on her contemporaries was minimal, at least in print. Although its appearance was heralded with two announcements in the
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Inés Joyes did not lose her connection with the Irish culture and its language. Thanks to this, in 1798, she translated the
English philosophical novel
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414:[The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia Translated By Inés Joyes y Blake (2009)] (in Spanish).
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349:[Write the Experience? Family, Identity, and Intellection Reflection in Inés Joyes (18th Century)].
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496:"La vida y la escritura en el siglo XVIII. Inés Joyes: Apología de las mujeres de Mónica Bolufer Peruga"
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Revista de historia de las mujeres: Arenal. La familia en la Edad
Moderna
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583:[Veiled Figures: Writing of a Woman's Life in the 18th Century]
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581:"Figuras veladas: Escribir una vida de mujer en el siglo XVIII"
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El discurso sobre la educación física y moral de las mujeres
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is part of a long tradition of debate about women. In 1726
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Inés Joyes y Blake: una ilustrada, entre privado y público
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Regarding education, she takes up the analysis made by
531:(in Spanish). Madrid: Abada Editores. pp. 27–55.
319:[The Simple Female Life of Inés the Rebel].
369:– via Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes.
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525:Bolufer Peruga, Mónica (2004). Capel, Rosa (ed.).
494:García Garrosa, María Jesús (24 November 2012).
317:"La sencilla vida femenina de la rebelde Inés"
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443:[Speaking from the Shadows].
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291:"La apología de Inés Joyes y Blake"
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170:that they observed in society.
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323:(in Spanish). 5 December 2016
289:Pato, Silvia (13 July 2014).
160:Rasselas, Prince of Abissinia
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441:"Hablando desde las sombras"
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201:Defensa de las mujeres
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469:"Inés Joyés y Blake"
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