280:
one: his sexual orientation. The
Department's position is that homosexuality is immoral. Yet homosexuals may be lawful foster parents in Florida and care for our most fragile children who have been abused, neglected and abandoned. As such, the exclusion forbidding homosexuals to adopt children does not further the public morality interest it seeks to combat. ... The contradiction between the adoption and foster care statutes defeats the public morality argument and is thus not rationally related to serving a governmental interest.
469:, as the state's star expert witness in defense of its anti-gay adoption law, and Rekers was paid nearly $ 120,000 for his testimony on behalf of the state. McCollum wrote in 2007: "Our attorneys handling this case have searched long and hard for other expert witnesses with comparable expertise to Dr. Rekers and have been unable to identify any who would be available for this case." However, his choice of witness was criticized by
614:
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adoption."..."There was an audible gasp in the packed courtroom when the attorney general's lawyer said that," said ACLU Florida spokesman
Brandon Hensler, one of the dozens of attendees during oral arguments before the 3rd District Court of Appeal in Miami in August. ... Osterhaus' response was the first mention that Gill's adopted children could be taken away, said Gill's ACLU attorney, Rob Rosenwald Jr. of Miami.
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294:, which operates the state foster care system, admitted in court that "gay people and heterosexuals make equally good parents ... that placing children with gay adoptive parents does not harm or disadvantage children emotionally or physically ... that gay people could be the ideal placements for some children." At that time, there were 3,535 children in state custody needing adoptive parents.
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the
American Academy of Pediatrics, the Child Welfare League of America and the National Association of Social Workers. As a result, based on the robust nature of the evidence available in the field, this Court is satisfied that the issue is so far beyond dispute that it would be irrational to hold otherwise; the best interests of children are not preserved by prohibiting homosexual adoption.
315:, Gill filed a petition for adoption with the circuit court in January 2007, which held a four-day hearing on the case in October 2008. The Department of Children and Families was represented by attorneys from the state Attorney General's office. Judge Lederman found in favor of the plaintiff, Gill, and granted the adoption in her ruling on November 25, 2008.
353:(NARTH), who presented research (some of which had already been discredited) finding that gay men and lesbians suffered higher rates of depression, anxiety, affective disorders and substance abuse than heterosexuals and that same-sex relationships were less stable than opposite-sex ones. The state also called a second expert witness, Dr.
365:
that the testimony of George Rekers "was far from a neutral and unbiased recitation of the relevant scientific evidence," and that "Dr. Rekers' beliefs are motivated by his strong ideological and theological convictions. ... The court cannot consider his testimony to be credible nor worthy of forming the basis of public policy."
430:, stating: "The trial judge was entitled to reach the conclusion, which she did, that the Department's experts' opinions were not valid from a scientific point of view." Governor Crist hailed the decision as "a very good day for Florida; it's a great day for children. Children deserve a loving home to be in."
522:
I really do not think that we should have homosexuals guiding our children. I think that it's a lifestyle that I don't agree with. I realize a lot of people do. It's my personal faith, religious faith, that I don't believe that the people who do this should be raising our children. It's not a natural
310:
In 2006, a judge terminated the parental rights of the boys' biological parents. Gill subsequently petitioned the
Florida Department of Children and Families in October 2006 to adopt the boys, but although every assessment and home study showed that the boys were thriving under the excellent care of
219:
was taken to the United States
District Court in South Florida, which upheld the state law in August 2001. The case was appealed to the U. S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit. In May 2002, while the Lofton case was pending, eight former state legislators who voted for the 1977 ban, including the
505:
espite repeated objections from the
Department of Children and Families, the attorney general agreed to advance Rekers $ 60,900 to get him to take the case and another $ 59,700 a year later as the case dragged on. The payments included $ 9,000 for 30 hours of searching journal articles and books, $
501:
Disgraced psychologist George Rekers was labeled a "right-wing, religious-based" expert witness and rejected for months by state attorneys defending
Florida's gay adoption ban. But when they couldn't find anyone else to replace him on the witness stand, Attorney General Bill McCollum overruled his
473:
of the gay-rights organization
Equality Florida: "Rekers is part of a small cadre of bogus pseudo scientists that charge these exorbitant fees to peddle information they know has been discredited time and time again. And people like McCollum will pay top dollar for it. There's a reason why he can't
437:
announced he would not pursue any further appeals of the case, effectively bringing the case and the issue of adoptions by gay men and lesbians in
Florida to a close. Martin Gill's adoption of the two boys he and his partner had been raising was approved. The adoption was finalized in a ceremony in
401:
In the appeals court, state attorneys working for McCollum redoubled their efforts to maintain the ban on gay adoptions, and furthermore sought to remove the children from the Gill home, where they had resided happily for five years and, as the circuit judge found, "thrived." In
November 2009, the
364:
During the trial, Rekers testified that "gay people mentally unstable and advised that the ban should be expanded to include Native Americans because, Rekers claimed, they are also at much higher risk of mental illness and substance abuse." However, in her ruling on the case Judge Lederman stated
373:
Reports and studies find that there are no differences in the parenting of homosexuals or the adjustment of their children. These conclusions have been accepted, adopted and ratified by the American Psychological Association, the American Psychiatry Association, the American Pediatric Association,
368:
In her order granting the petition to adopt, Judge Lederman (who had presided over many child welfare cases as Presiding Judge of the Miami-Dade Juvenile Court since 1994) found that Florida's adoption ban violated the equal protection rights of Gill and the minor children without a rational basis
279:
Electing to parent and assume full responsibility for a child not one's own is one of the most noble decisions made in a lifetime; it is respected by many, considered by some, made by few and approved for fewer still. Here Petitioner qualifies for approval as an adoptive parent in all respects but
258:
645 So. 2d 487) after the state removed a six-year-old foster child from their home on account of their sexual orientation. In 1994, the Florida Second District Court of Appeal ruled in favor of the plaintiffs, holding that the legislature had not prohibited homosexuals or unmarried couples from
306:
placed two boys, who are referred to as John and James Doe in court papers, in the home of Martin Gill and his partner, who had previously fostered several other children. Four-year-old John and four-month-old James were only supposed to be with Gill temporarily, but plans for them to live with
531:
I would never have chosen Rekkers had I known what we now know today ... Rekkers was not an authority on this issue. He was an authority in the sense that he was a scholar. He did research into papers that other people wrote. So he was able to be used to get into evidence these matters that we
509:
Rekers was paid to meet with the attorney general's staff to prepare for depositions and to be deposed by lawyers for the adoptive parents. McCollum said he wouldn't hire Rekers again knowing what he knows today -- but he defends the expense. "If you look at the record, you will see he actually
341:
The ACLU, representing Gill, called expert witnesses who cited studies that found no significant differences in the stability of same-sex relationships compared to opposite-sex relationships, and no significant differences in outcomes for children raised by same-sex parents versus opposite-sex
410:
Deputy Solicitor General Tim Osterhaus, who works for McCollum and made the oral argument on Aug. 26, was asked by Judge Vance Salter what relief the agency was seeking from the court. Osterhaus asked the three-judge panel to reverse the adoption and "make the children available for
3630:
423:, announced that he was considering dropping the appeal. Both the ACLU and the director of the state's Department of Children and Families urged Crist to not drop the suit, saying that there needs to be a final judicial resolution that applies across the entire state.
237:
nationwide as being unconstitutional violations of the due process rights of gays and lesbians. However, in January 2004, the appeals court ruled against Lofton, finding that the adoption ban did not violate constitutional guarantees of
150:
on August 26, 2009. The district court upheld the trial court's ruling in favor of the plaintiffs on September 22, 2010, and the state declined to pursue any further appeals, thus effectively nullifying the anti-gay adoption statute.
215:
138:
in that state. After a four-day trial challenging the law, on November 25, 2008, Judge Cindy S. Lederman declared the ban violated the equal protection rights of the children and their prospective parents under the
331:, both the petitioners and the state presented evidence relating to the best interests of the children involved as well as evidence related to the legitimacy of the ban on adoption by gay men and lesbians.
490:
489:, whom Rekers claimed to have hired merely as a "travel assistant" during a 10-day trip to Europe. The incident was subsequently covered by national and world media, leading Rekers to resign from the
350:
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27,000 to "read the relevant publications since Sept. 2004 and evaluate and critique the methodological quality." A year later, he charged for nearly 30 hours for reading the same materials again.
45:
September 22, 2010, in favor of Gill and his partner, who sought to adopt two foster children they had parented since 2004 at the state's behest, thus striking down Florida's anti-gay adoption law.
338:, appointed by the court to represent their interests in the proceedings, called Gill and his partner "model parents" and their home "one of the most caring and nurturing placements" he had seen.
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1386:
1138:
Third District Court of Appeal State of Florida, July Term, A.D. 2010 Florida Department of Children and Families, Appellant, vs. In re: Matter of Adoption of X.X.G. and N.R.G., Appellees.
757:
897:"'We Were Wrong,' Say Former Legislators Who Voted For Florida Gay Adoption Ban Nearly 25 Years Ago," American Civil Liberties Union press release, May 17, 2002, accessed July 16, 2011
3196:
919:
Grossman, Joanna. "Adoption Rights for Gays and Lesbians in Florida: A Trial Court Rules That the State's Longstanding Ban Must End," findlaw.com, 9 Dec. 2008, accessed 9 July 2011
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A psychologist who evaluated the boys testified that it was in their best interests to be adopted by Gill, and that removing them from their home would be devastating. The boys'
502:
trial attorneys, quickly hired Rekers, and paid him twice his agreed upon contract with no questions asked, according to documents released this week by McCollum's office. ...
383:
The Attorney General's office immediately announced its intention to appeal the ruling. In December 2008, lawyers for Gill and the children filed a motion requesting that the
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361:, who conceded that a case-by-case assessment of potential adoptive parents who are gay or lesbian would be more appropriate than the current blanket exclusion.
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for doing so. The court also found that the ban violated state and federal guarantees of the children's right to permanency. The judge stated in her decision:
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Although homosexuals were prohibited from adopting, the state did allow them to be foster parents or legal guardians. In 1992 a lesbian couple had filed suit (
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Several attempts were made in the state legislature to repeal the adoption ban, and there were several unsuccessful challenges in Florida courts, including:
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Gill and his partner, DCF denied the petition because it violated the law against adoption by a homosexual. With the help of attorneys provided by the
813:
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Turbe, Laura A. "Florida's Inconsistent Use of the Best Interests of the Child Standard," 33 Stetson L. Rev. 369 (2003â2004), accessed July 16, 2011
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needed. And it's unfortunate that all this publicity has come up over it, but the lawsuit, I think, is on sound ground and we're carrying it forward.
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on August 3, 2010, that he believed Florida law should be changed to exclude homosexuals from being foster parents as well as adoptive parents:
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3014:
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391:
147:
35:
972:"What Florida's Department of Children and Families Says About The Ban," American Civil Liberties Union, 2 November 2008, accessed 8 July 2011
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158:
undertook comprehensive adoption reform in 2015, repealing the 1977 ban on homosexual adoption, which the state had not enforced since 2010.
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Lofton v. Florida Department of Children and Families, United States Court of Appeals, 11th Circuit, 28 January 2004, accessed 9 July 2011
540:, who was elected Governor of Florida in the general election the following November. He was succeeded in office as Attorney General by
3698:
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1972:
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McCollum had announced his candidacy for governor in May 2009, but on August 24, 2010, McCollum lost the Republican primary election to
990:
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3362:
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3162:
2911:
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2514:
632:
785:
3275:
2633:
1578:
1055:"Attorney General Bill McCollum's "Expert" Witness Caught with Male Prostitute," Equality Florida, 4 May 2010, accessed 8 July 2011
1266:
556:
undertook comprehensive adoption reform in 2015. The legislation repealed the 1977 ban on homosexual adoption. HB 7013 passed the
493:, where he had been a scientific advisor and officer. McCollum's credibility and judgment were questioned in the media, as well.
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3179:
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557:
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1967:
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1992:
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earned it," McCollum said this week. "He definitely put the hours and the time in. This is not a case where we overpaid him.
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two boys that he and his partner had been raising as foster children since 2004. Gill was prohibited from adopting by a
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court case that in 2010 ended Florida's 33-year ban on adoptions by homosexuals. In 2007, Frank Martin Gill, an openly
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1940:
1908:
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565:
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On September 22, 2010, the court unanimously struck down the ban as violating the equal protection guarantees of the
1600:
Cooper, Leslie. "Victory for Florida Family First Step to Ending Adoption Ban," 17 July 2009, accessed 14 July 2011
1445:
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1962:
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serving as foster parents. Thereafter, state child welfare workers placed numerous children (including victims of
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1918:
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The state of Florida appealed the trial court decision. Oral arguments were heard by a three judge panel of the
3813:
3520:
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1604:
1093:
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Greenhouse, Linda. "Justices Refuse to Consider Law Banning Gay Adoption," The New York Times, 11 January 2005
882:
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Eleventh Circuit Court found in favor of petitioner, 2008; ruling had been appealed by the State of Florida.
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had gained further notability as the background to both the failed political ambitions of Attorney General
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1977:
1935:
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275:) with same-sex couples over the years, as was the case with the Gill family. As Judge Lederman noted:
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1861:
1341:"Ceremony Finalizes Adoption Process For Family That Challenged Florida's Ban On Gay People Adopting"
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Prior to reorganization in 1996, known as the Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services (HRS).
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886:, United States District Court, Southern District of Florida, Key West Division, 30 August 2001
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799:: "No person eligible to adopt under this statute may adopt if that person is a homosexual."
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thing. You need a mother and a father. You need a man and a woman. That's what God intended.
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419:, on the heels of announcing an LGBT rights-supportive platform for his candidacy for the
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reported that he had been photographed at Miami International Airport with a 20-year-old
394:
on August 26, 2009. Some observers believed the case would ultimately be decided by the
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3295:
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2790:
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2050:
1844:
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former Senate President and House Speaker, repudiated the law. Former representative
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find credible sources. Because credible people don't believe this ban should exist."
462:
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264:
79:
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2007:
2002:
1987:
1955:
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605:
470:
221:
176:
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1997:
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Nevertheless, while awaiting the decision of the appeals court, McCollum told the
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In 1999, the issue was heard in federal court for the first time when the case of
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3152:
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2419:
2353:
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2201:
1982:
1950:
1945:
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1817:
1647:
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613:
478:
260:
109:
1368:"Bill McCullom requested hiring of antigay psychologist now in Rentboy scandal"
246:. In May 2005, the U. S. Supreme Court refused to hear an appeal from Lofton.
54:
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signed the bill into law on June 11, and it came into effect on July 1, 2015.
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537:
234:
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announced he would not pursue the case further, bringing the issue to a close.
2358:
3558:
2932:
2810:
2583:
2258:
2206:
2196:
1849:
1679:
541:
1090:""Biography, Cindy Lederman," Casey Family Programs, accessed 9 July 2011"
446:
Before the appeals court's final decision was rendered in September 2010,
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2653:
2273:
1888:
1453:
486:
131:
105:
814:"Florida's Inconsistent Use of the Best Interests of the Child Standard"
2489:
2479:
2348:
2221:
2030:
1812:
1639:
1635:
123:
1546:
Text of the Third District Court of Appeal decision, 22 September 2010
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2713:
2588:
2464:
2383:
2241:
2040:
2035:
1387:"Christian right leader George Rekers takes vacation with "rent boy""
1560:
Summaries of the Florida adoption cases from 1990 to 2003, prior to
1446:"An interview with Bill McCollum, Republican candidate for governor"
1420:"Records show attorney general hired George Rekers despite warnings"
2509:
2323:
2313:
2290:
2285:
2280:
1655:
1651:
627:
24:
1535:
Transcript of the Eleventh Circuit Court trial, October 1-6, 2008
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2368:
1033:
847:
491:
National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality
351:
National Association for Research & Therapy of Homosexuality
272:
224:
said, "The hysteria of the times led us to do the wrong thing."
201:
Cox. v. Florida Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services
3434:
3323:
3075:
2748:
2156:
1766:
1670:
1608:
2474:
2226:
844:"Victory for Florida Family First Step to Ending Adoption Ban"
797:
2010 Florida Statutes, section 63.042(3), accessed 8 July 2011
786:
Gay adoption ban stricken from Florida laws after four decades
268:
127:
758:"Gay adoption ban stricken from Florida laws after 4 decades"
136:
1977 Florida law prohibiting adoption by gay men and lesbians
1259:"DCF chief advises Crist not to drop gay adoption lawsuit"
1157:"Florida's gay adoption ban now in hands of appeals court"
1541:
Text of the Eleventh Circuit Court decision, 25 Nov 2008
952:
In re: Gill, Lederman, C.S., Final Judgment of Adoption
349:, at the time an officer and scientific advisor of the
16:
2010 Florida court case ending homosexual adoption bans
1477:"Fla. House approves bill to repeal gay adoption ban"
1175:"DCF lawyer: Put gay man's kids back up for adoption"
227:
Furthermore, in June 2003 the U. S. Supreme Court in
1068:"News+Features: Florida'S Case Against Gay Adoption"
682:"Florida Gay Adoption Ban Is Ruled Unconstitutional"
438:
the chambers of Judge Lederman on January 19, 2011.
187:
enacted a law prohibiting adoptions by homosexuals.
3649:
3551:
3459:
3256:
3135:
3092:
3013:
2896:
2867:
2826:
2761:
2551:
2405:
2396:
2304:
2183:
2059:
2016:
1290:"Florida Court Calls Ban on Gay Adoptions Unlawful"
1228:"Florida Won't Appeal Overturn of Gay Adoption Ban"
752:
750:
99:
91:
86:
74:
66:
61:
49:
41:
31:
23:
760:. The Tampa Tribune. June 11, 2015. Archived from
1503:"Florida Senate votes to remove gay adoption ban"
1315:"Florida won't challenge end to gay adoption ban"
1133:
1131:
1119:"Judge overturns Florida ban on adoption by gays"
781:
779:
699:"Gay Adoption before Florida Legislature, courts"
387:take up the case immediately, which was denied.
285:Judge C.S. Lederman, November 2008 ruling, p. 51
870:Cox v. Fla. Dept. of Health & Rehab. Svcs.,
527:Asked about the Rekers scandal, McCollum said:
499:
323:Over the course of a four-day trial before the
277:
3631:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
3055:2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States
1385:Penn Bullock; Brandon K. Thorp (May 4, 2010).
560:on a 68-50 vote on March 11. On April 15, the
433:On October 22, 2010, Florida Attorney General
78:On October 22, 2010, Florida Attorney General
1620:
1155:Miller, Carol Marbin and Gonzalez, Gabriella
1020:
1018:
1016:
716:"Fla. gay adoption ban goes to appeals court"
8:
2699:Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures
477:In May 2010, Rekers became the subject of a
3418:Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine
2928:Florida Legislative Investigation Committee
1113:
1111:
442:Bill McCollum and the George Rekers scandal
357:, Associate Professor of Family Studies at
304:Florida Department of Children and Families
292:Florida Department of Children and Families
3684:Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany
3456:
3431:
3320:
3089:
3072:
2918:Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany
2758:
2745:
2402:
2189:
2180:
2153:
1785:
1763:
1667:
1627:
1613:
1605:
981:
979:
838:
836:
834:
676:
674:
672:
670:
325:Eleventh Judicial Circuit Court of Florida
20:
3819:American Civil Liberties Union litigation
2969:Front homosexuel d'action révolutionnaire
2801:History of Christianity and homosexuality
461:McCollum specifically hired psychologist
130:man, had petitioned the circuit court to
3616:Discrimination against non-binary people
1570:Same-sex Marriage: A Reference Handbook
1226:Farrington, Brendan (October 12, 2010).
1205:"Crist to Expand Support for Gay Rights"
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
2776:History of gay men in the United States
991:"Making a loving home for two brothers"
807:
805:
648:
267:children, and infants or toddlers with
143:, and granted Gill's adoption request.
3127:List of LGBT rights articles by region
1595:19 January 2011, accessed 14 July 2011
1444:Smith, James A. Sr. (August 9, 2010).
656:
654:
652:
392:Florida Third District Court of Appeal
148:Florida Third District Court of Appeal
36:Florida Third District Court of Appeal
1288:Schwartz, John (September 22, 2010).
454:and the career-ending scandal of Dr.
171:In 1977, at the peak of the anti-gay
7:
3704:Unlawfully killed transgender people
3689:Acts of violence against LGBT people
3664:Capital punishment for homosexuality
3143:Capital punishment for homosexuality
1026:"In re: Gill - About the Plaintiffs"
548:Statutory repeal of the adoption ban
3804:LGBTQ adoption in the United States
3769:United States LGBTQ rights case law
3699:Violence against transgender people
3094:LGBT rights by country or territory
3224:Legal status of transgender people
2675:Legal status of transgender people
1568:Newton, David E. "In re: Gill,"
1501:Cotterell, Bill (April 14, 2015).
1207:. Advocate.com. September 13, 2010
633:LGBT adoption in the United States
14:
3829:Adoption law in the United States
2306:Third sex / Third gender
1475:Johnson, Chris (March 12, 2015).
1418:Klas, Mary Ellen (June 5, 2010).
564:passed the bill on a 27-11 vote.
390:Oral arguments were heard by the
3741:
3740:
3728:
3328:â Medicine, science and sexology
3158:Criminalization of homosexuality
2460:Attraction to transgender people
1257:Kam, Dara (September 15, 2010).
735:. American Civil Liberties Union
612:
598:
584:
558:Florida House of Representatives
3611:Discrimination against lesbians
3543:Transgender people and religion
3358:Disability and LGBTQ identities
2912:Institut fĂŒr Sexualwissenschaft
1572:. ABC-CLIO, 2010, pp. 185-187.
1366:Rothaus, Steve (May 11, 2010).
1173:Kam, Dara (November 21, 2009).
95:Gerald B. Cope, Jr., two others
3799:2009 in United States case law
3789:2008 in United States case law
2728:Sexual practices between women
1030:American Civil Liberties Union
313:American Civil Liberties Union
1:
3824:United States family case law
3679:History of violence in the US
3674:History of violence in the UK
3153:Civil unions and partnerships
3023:Timeline of same-sex marriage
2724:Women who have sex with women
2704:Social construction of gender
1564:, are found on pages 377-381.
3651:Violence against LGBT people
3552:Prejudice and discrimination
3368:Homosexuality and psychology
3040:Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2014
2975:Florida orange juice boycott
2689:Sexual practices between men
2574:Erotic target location error
733:"In re: Gill - Case Profile"
662:"In re: Gill - Case Profile"
415:In September 2010, Governor
3413:Sexual orientation identity
3338:Autism and LGBTQ identities
3229:Transgender rights movement
2594:Gender and sexual diversity
1963:Queerplatonic relationships
290:During the Gill trial, the
250:Foster parenting in Florida
3845:
3589:Grooming conspiracy theory
3538:Homosexuality and religion
2806:History of same-sex unions
497:reported on June 5, 2010:
302:On December 11, 2004, the
233:struck down all remaining
3779:Discrimination in Florida
3722:
3455:
3430:
3333:
3319:
3148:Censorship of LGBT issues
3088:
3071:
2888:First homosexual movement
2757:
2744:
2685:Men who have sex with men
2433:
2192:
2179:
2152:
1788:
1784:
1762:
1688:
1666:
1143:October 10, 2010, at the
104:
3521:Suicide among LGBT youth
3373:Homosexuality in the DSM
3005:Bar Abanicos police raid
2985:Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS
2958:Festival of Light action
2938:Compton's Cafeteria riot
2771:History of homosexuality
2232:Non-binary / genderqueer
2089:Gay flag of South Africa
1693:LGBT topics in education
812:Turbe, Laura A. (2003).
379:District Court of Appeal
307:relatives fell through.
3528:Monuments and memorials
3516:Suicides of LGBT people
3248:Commonwealth of Nations
3080:Rights and legal issues
2719:Transgender health care
1450:Florida Baptist Witness
1232:The Florida Times-Union
516:Florida Baptist Witness
359:Kansas State University
3774:Florida state case law
3499:LGBT rights opposition
3408:Split attraction model
2906:Dance of the Forty-One
2817:Category:LGBTQ history
2786:LGBTQ history timeline
2694:Sexâgender distinction
2644:Human female sexuality
1978:Same-sex relationships
638:LGBT rights in Florida
534:
525:
512:
413:
376:
288:
183:human rights law, the
167:Florida adoption cases
3794:2009 in LGBTQ history
3784:2008 in LGBTQ history
3281:LGBT rights activists
3258:LGBT rights movements
3238:Yogyakarta Principles
3197:Assisted reproduction
3175:Intersex human rights
3035:Russian anti-LGBT law
2781:History of lesbianism
2237:Queer heterosexuality
1591:ACLU Case Profile of
1269:on September 22, 2010
1125:, November 25, 2008.
1096:on September 28, 2011
989:(November 30, 2008).
688:, November 25, 2008.
529:
520:
408:
396:Florida Supreme Court
385:Florida Supreme Court
371:
345:The state called Dr.
3569:Anti-gender movement
3000:Tasty nightclub raid
2948:Gay Liberation Front
2649:Human male sexuality
2520:Romantic orientation
2319:Balkan sworn virgins
2217:Gender nonconformity
1507:Tallahassee Democrat
1066:Billman, Jeffrey C.
995:St. Petersburg Times
544:on January 4, 2011.
428:Florida Constitution
421:United States Senate
256:Matthews v. Weinberg
141:Florida Constitution
3504:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
2609:Gender essentialism
2407:Sexual orientations
1263:The Palm Beach Post
1179:The Palm Beach Post
1163:, August 26, 2009.
1070:. Orlandoweekly.com
1036:. November 25, 2008
722:, August 26, 2009.
680:Almanzar, Yolanne,
664:, January 19, 2011.
554:Florida Legislature
185:Florida Legislature
156:Florida Legislature
3604:Liberal homophobia
3461:Societal attitudes
3439:Societal attitudes
3403:Conversion therapy
3326:Sexual orientation
3286:Rainbow capitalism
3276:LGBT rights groups
3185:Same-sex parenting
3136:LGBT rights topics
2849:pre-Columbian Peru
2525:Same gender loving
2171:Sexual diversities
1825:Bisexual community
1552:Books and articles
1347:. January 19, 2011
1321:. October 22, 2010
1294:The New York Times
1117:Gandossy, Taylor,
821:Stetson Law Review
705:, April 29, 2009.
467:conversion therapy
347:George Alan Rekers
75:Subsequent actions
3756:
3755:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3694:Stop Murder Music
3494:Gay panic defense
3474:Heteronormativity
3426:
3425:
3393:Prenatal hormones
3315:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3202:Same-sex marriage
3163:decriminalization
3067:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3029:Lawrence v. Texas
2963:White Night riots
2953:Handkerchief code
2740:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2629:Gender transition
2619:Gender neutrality
2614:Gender expression
2599:Gender assignment
2547:
2546:
2398:Sexual identities
2392:
2391:
2166:Sexual identities
2161:Gender identities
2148:
2147:
2144:
2143:
1867:Awareness periods
1840:Community centers
1758:
1757:
987:Blumner, Robyn E.
884:Lofton v. Kearney
697:Morales, Ileana,
465:, a proponent of
336:guardian ad litem
329:Miami-Dade County
230:Lawrence v. Texas
216:Lofton v. Kearney
173:Save Our Children
115:
114:
3836:
3809:LGBTQ in Florida
3744:
3743:
3735:LGBTQ portal
3733:
3732:
3731:
3511:LGBT stereotypes
3479:Heteropatriarchy
3469:Amatonormativity
3457:
3432:
3398:Sexual inversion
3321:
3180:Military service
3090:
3073:
2796:Social movements
2759:
2746:
2500:Non-heterosexual
2403:
2190:
2181:
2154:
2129:Rainbow crossing
1968:Religious groups
1914:New queer cinema
1786:
1764:
1703:Lesbian feminism
1668:
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1615:
1606:
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1498:
1492:
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1481:Washington Blade
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1452:. Archived from
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1424:The Miami Herald
1415:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1399:on July 29, 2013
1395:. Archived from
1382:
1376:
1375:
1372:The Miami Herald
1363:
1357:
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1319:Orlando Sentinel
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1285:
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1276:
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1265:. Archived from
1254:
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1234:. Archived from
1223:
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1201:
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1181:. Archived from
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1092:. Archived from
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1063:
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997:. Archived from
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764:on June 15, 2015
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720:Associated Press
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703:Associated Press
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495:The Miami Herald
286:
261:abuse or neglect
240:equal protection
175:campaign led by
87:Court membership
57:
21:
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3814:2010 in Florida
3759:
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3659:Corrective rape
3645:
3547:
3484:Homonationalism
3451:
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3307:
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3243:La Francophonie
3212:List of couples
3170:Hate crime laws
3131:
3084:
3059:
3009:
2943:Stonewall riots
2892:
2863:
2859:Medieval Europe
2822:
2753:
2732:
2543:
2530:Sexual minority
2448:Gray asexuality
2429:
2388:
2300:
2185:Gender identity
2175:
2140:
2055:
2012:
1780:
1754:
1684:
1675:Academic fields
1662:
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1456:on July 7, 2011
1443:
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1392:Miami New Times
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1238:on May 15, 2021
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1198:
1188:
1186:
1185:on May 16, 2010
1172:
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1145:Wayback Machine
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1001:on June 7, 2011
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850:. July 17, 2009
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714:Anderson, Curt
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483:Miami New Times
444:
404:Palm Beach Post
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207:Amer v. Johnson
195:Seebol v. Farie
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2763:LGBTQ history
2760:
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2046:Pink triangle
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2019:
2015:
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1931:Organizations
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1750:Transfeminism
1748:
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1740:Queer studies
1738:
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1579:1-59884-707-4
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1273:September 17,
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475:
472:
468:
464:
463:George Rekers
459:
457:
456:George Rekers
453:
452:Bill McCollum
449:
441:
439:
436:
435:Bill McCollum
431:
429:
424:
422:
418:
417:Charlie Crist
412:
407:
405:
399:
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393:
388:
386:
378:
375:
370:
366:
362:
360:
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355:Walter Schumm
352:
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343:
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319:Circuit Court
318:
316:
314:
308:
305:
297:
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281:
276:
274:
270:
266:
265:special needs
262:
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111:
107:
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98:
94:
90:
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81:
80:Bill McCollum
77:
73:
69:
67:Prior actions
65:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
37:
34:
30:
26:
22:
19:
3745:
3726:
3626:Riddle scale
3594:Heterosexism
3533:Queerbaiting
3388:Neuroscience
3378:Kinsey scale
3353:Demographics
3045:Rainbow wave
3027:
3015:21st century
2967:
2910:
2898:20th century
2870:19th century
2854:Ancient Rome
2815:
2665:
2658:
2624:Gender roles
2564:Detransition
2537: /
2438:Aromanticism
1956:Pride parade
1884:Gay-friendly
1745:Queer theory
1593:In Re: Gill,
1592:
1569:
1561:
1537:(1386 pages)
1510:. Retrieved
1506:
1496:
1484:. Retrieved
1480:
1470:
1458:. Retrieved
1454:the original
1449:
1439:
1427:. Retrieved
1423:
1413:
1401:. Retrieved
1397:the original
1390:
1380:
1371:
1361:
1349:. Retrieved
1344:
1335:
1323:. Retrieved
1318:
1309:
1297:. Retrieved
1293:
1283:
1271:. Retrieved
1267:the original
1262:
1252:
1240:. Retrieved
1236:the original
1231:
1221:
1209:. Retrieved
1199:
1187:. Retrieved
1183:the original
1178:
1168:
1161:Miami Herald
1160:
1151:
1122:
1098:. Retrieved
1094:the original
1084:
1072:. Retrieved
1061:
1050:
1038:. Retrieved
1029:
1003:. Retrieved
999:the original
994:
967:
958:
925:
914:
903:
892:
883:
878:
869:
864:
852:. Retrieved
824:
820:
792:
766:. Retrieved
762:the original
737:. Retrieved
727:
719:
710:
702:
693:
685:
606:LGBTQ portal
551:
535:
530:
526:
521:
515:
513:
508:
504:
500:
494:
482:
476:
471:Nadine Smith
460:
447:
445:
432:
425:
414:
409:
403:
400:
389:
382:
372:
367:
363:
344:
340:
333:
322:
309:
301:
289:
278:
255:
253:
228:
226:
222:Elaine Bloom
214:
212:
206:
200:
194:
189:
179:to repeal a
177:Anita Bryant
170:
153:
145:
118:
117:
116:
62:Case history
18:
3669:Gay bashing
3641:Transphobia
3574:AIDS stigma
3489:Pinkwashing
3363:Environment
3348:Birth order
2883:Section 377
2878:Molly house
2515:Questioning
2339:Femminiello
2269:Trans woman
2264:Transsexual
2247:Transgender
2136:Transgender
2061:Pride flags
1951:Pride Month
1919:Periodicals
1879:Gay village
1728:Transgender
1708:Linguistics
1648:transgender
1562:In re: Gill
1040:January 21,
1005:January 21,
854:January 21,
479:sex scandal
448:In re: Gill
244:due process
235:sodomy laws
119:In re: Gill
110:LGBT rights
55:45 So.3d 79
3763:Categories
3599:Homophobia
3383:Klein Grid
3291:Separatism
2995:Section 28
2933:Sea queens
2660:Androgynos
2634:Healthcare
2569:Effeminacy
2495:Monosexual
2470:Bi-curious
2443:Asexuality
2425:Homosexual
2379:Two-spirit
2364:Mukhannath
2329:Faʻafafine
2296:Xenogender
2114:Non-binary
1894:Literature
1855:Drag queen
1835:Coming out
1830:Businesses
1735:Psychology
1713:Literature
827:: 369â399.
739:January 4,
644:References
620:Law portal
572:Rick Scott
566:Republican
538:Rick Scott
406:reported:
181:Miami-Dade
162:Background
3584:Gayphobia
3564:Acephobia
3559:Arophobia
3443:Prejudice
3266:Homophile
3219:Socialism
2811:Pederasty
2791:Migration
2584:Ex-ex-gay
2505:Pansexual
2334:Fakaleitī
2259:Trans man
2252:Akava'ine
2207:Cisgender
2197:Androgyny
2119:Pansexual
2069:Aromantic
1998:TakatÄpui
1924:Portrayal
1850:Drag king
1771:Community
1680:Discourse
1512:April 15,
1486:April 15,
542:Pam Bondi
481:when the
342:parents.
3747:Category
3579:Biphobia
3447:Violence
3207:Timeline
3190:Adoption
3107:Americas
2868:16th to
2654:Intersex
2559:Acronyms
2420:Bisexual
2374:Travesti
2274:Mak nyah
2099:Intersex
2084:Bisexual
1803:Literary
1644:bisexual
1585:Websites
1141:Archived
1074:July 13,
768:July 10,
578:See also
569:Governor
487:rent boy
283:â
106:adoption
100:Keywords
50:Citation
3343:Biology
3301:Lesbian
3122:Oceania
2751:History
2552:Related
2490:Lesbian
2480:Gay men
2415:Asexual
2349:Kathoey
2222:Khanith
2124:Rainbow
2109:Lesbian
2104:Leather
2094:Gay men
2074:Asexual
2031:Gaysper
2018:Symbols
2008:Tourism
2003:Theatre
1988:Slogans
1818:Lesbian
1793:Anthems
1776:Culture
1723:Lesbian
1636:Lesbian
1460:July 8,
1429:July 8,
1403:July 8,
1351:May 15,
1325:May 15,
1299:May 15,
1242:May 15,
1189:May 15,
1100:July 9,
124:Florida
42:Decided
3621:Racism
3117:Europe
3102:Africa
2990:ACT UP
2714:Tomboy
2667:Tumtum
2589:Female
2579:Ex-gay
2465:Banjee
2384:Winkte
2242:Theyby
2041:Lambda
2036:Labrys
1993:Sports
1973:Rodeos
1936:People
1862:Events
1798:Awards
1660:topics
1577:
660:ACLU,
209:(1997)
203:(1995)
197:(1991)
27:: Gill
2510:Queer
2354:Köçek
2344:Hijra
2324:Bissu
2314:Bakla
2291:Womyn
2286:Womxn
2281:Woman
1983:Slang
1946:Pride
1909:Films
1904:Media
1899:Music
1889:Icons
1809:Bars
1656:LGBTQ
1652:queer
1529:Cases
817:(PDF)
628:In re
298:Issue
132:adopt
32:Court
25:In re
3112:Asia
2680:Male
2369:Muxe
2359:MÄhĆ«
2079:Bear
1941:Pets
1650:and
1575:ISBN
1514:2015
1488:2015
1462:2011
1431:2011
1405:2011
1353:2021
1345:ACLU
1327:2021
1301:2021
1275:2010
1244:2021
1213:2010
1191:2021
1102:2011
1076:2010
1042:2011
1034:ACLU
1007:2011
856:2011
848:ACLU
770:2019
741:2012
552:The
273:AIDS
242:and
154:The
3296:Gay
2539:Dee
2535:Tom
2475:Gay
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