103:
435:
313:– The duty to provide, on rates, terms and conditions that are just, reasonable and nondiscriminatory, for physical colocation of equipment necessary for interconnection or access to unbundled network elements at the premises of the local exchange carrier, except that the carrier may provide for virtual colocation if the LEC demonstrates that physical colocation is not practical for technical reasons or because of space limitations.
40:
1587:
1597:
1576:
1607:
405:
British
Columbia – originally established as several independent companies; amalgamated by GTE as BC Tel with the second-last private independent being acquired circa 1980, as the ILEC; merged with Telus in 1999; Northwestel was the ILEC in the northern area as service was initiated by the U.S.
413:
Newfoundland – private companies, mostly small, with one that eventually acquired the other small companies; government developed a system that served smaller communities, and which was taken over by a federal crown corporation in 1950, then sold to the remaining large private company in 1988,
401:
Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan – originally established by Bell Canada and small area independent companies; all purchased by the provincial governments (Alberta, in the 1906–1908 period; Manitoba, circa 1908; Saskatchewan, 1908–1909 period) and developed into a complete service to all communities,
421:
Territories – some independent companies in the west, plus U.S. Army system which came under crown corporation in 1948; from 1958–64, independent companies acquired by the crown corporation that would be
Northwestel as of 1979, and developed in remaining communities; Bell Canada developed
306:
Notice of changes – The duty to provide reasonable public notice of changes in the information necessary for the transmission and routing of services using that local exchange carrier's facilities or networks, as well as of any other changes that would affect the interoperability of those
409:
New
Brunswick, Nova Scotia, P.E.I. – established by Bell Canada and small area independent companies; Bell operations sold off in 1888-89 to separate companies which eventually consolidated their operations to absorb most independents (last NB independent bought in 1973); Bell acquired
287:
access - The duty to provide, to any requesting telecommunications carrier for the provision of a telecommunications service, nondiscriminatory access to network elements on an unbundled basis at any technically feasible point on rates, terms and conditions that are just, reasonable and
393:, as well as any other company that previously held a monopoly to serve a community and continues to do so, or a successor company if it is bought and absorbed. ILECs are obligated to serve the entire exchange area as a "provider of last resort", while
256:
the particular terms and conditions of agreements to fulfill the duties described for a LEC and the specific ones for the ILEC. The requesting telecommunications carrier also has the duty to negotiate in good faith the terms and conditions of such
417:
Ontario and Quebec – private companies, Bell Canada being the dominant one; Bell purchased several of the small independents through the years; other independents amalgamated; this mix became the array of ILECs in the
229:
such carrier occupies a position in the market for telephone exchange service within an area that is comparable to the position occupied by a carrier described previously
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That is at least equal in quality to that provided by the LEC to itself or to any subsidiary, affiliate or any other party to which the carrier provides interconnection
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50:
298:
To offer for resale at wholesale rates any telecommunications service that the carrier provides at retail to subscribers who are not telecommunications carriers
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Army in 1942, then eventually turned over to government and crown corporation entities; Prince Rupert City Tel remains the only ILEC not associated with either
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interests in the companies during the 1960s, which are the ILECs, though they merged into a single company covering four provinces including
Newfoundland.
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28:
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217:
or is a person or entity that, on or after such date of enactment, became a successor or assignee of a member described in the previous bullet.
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Not to prohibit, and not to impose unreasonable or discriminatory conditions or limitations on, the resale of such telecommunications service,
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62:
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On rates, terms and conditions that are just, reasonable and nondiscriminatory, in accordance with the terms and conditions of the agreement
515:
1543:
1389:
1315:
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176:
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services in eastern area, then sold to
Northwestel in 1992; Northwestel becomes ILEC with introduction of local competition in 2007.
331:
222:
146:
124:
84:
1194:
742:
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402:
as the ILECs; Alberta's privatized as Telus in the 1990s, Manitoba's in 1997, while
Saskatchewan's remains a crown corporation
1300:
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196:
397:
can choose which locations to serve, be it by facilities of their own or by resale of services of an ILEC or another CLEC.
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in a manner that allows requesting carriers to combine such elements in order to provide such telecommunications service.
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801:
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nondiscriminatory in accordance with the terms and conditions of the agreement. An ILEC shall provide such unbundled
337:
Various regional independents also held incumbent monopolies in their respective regions. The largest of these was
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66:
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and equipment of any requesting telecommunications carrier, interconnection with the LEC's network –
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225:(FCC) may, by rule, provide for the treatment of an LEC (or class or category thereof) as an ILEC if:
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is responsible for providing local telephone exchange services in a specified geographic area.
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For the transmission and routing of telephone exchange service and exchange access
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341:, the second largest ILEC after the Bell System. GTE was later absorbed into
253:
1482:
947:
762:
168:
27:"ILEC" redirects here. For the International Legal English Certificate, see
1477:
1467:
1384:
1209:
1032:
382:
172:
475:"Bell System Break-Up Opens Era Of Great Expectations and Great Concern"
1472:
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378:
342:
1502:
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529:
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232:
such carrier has substantially replaced an ILEC described previously
1487:
1424:
732:
366:
524:
1429:
346:
533:
414:
becoming the ILEC that merged with the three
Maritime companies
675:
338:
273:
At any technically feasible point within the carrier's network
96:
33:
202:
on the date of enactment, was deemed to be a member of the
58:
365:, ILECs are the original telephone companies such as
248:
ILECs have the same duties as a LEC and in addition:
175:
on landline service before the market was opened to
1511:
1448:
1370:
1334:
1291:
1232:
1166:
875:
567:
326:, ILECs were companies in existence at the time of
252:Duty to negotiate – The duty to negotiate in
545:
179:, or the corporate successor of such a firm.
47:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
1560:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
1596:
552:
538:
530:
334:(RBOCs), also known as the "Baby Bells".
187:An incumbent local exchange carrier is a
147:Learn how and when to remove this message
85:Learn how and when to remove this message
110:This article includes a list of general
1637:United States communications regulation
451:
29:International Legal English Certificate
235:such treatment is consistent with the
525:National Exchange Carrier Association
263:– The duty to provide, for the
204:National Exchange Carrier Association
199:, provided telephone exchange service
7:
1606:
177:competitive local exchange carriers
462:. U.S. Government Printing Office.
116:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
473:Andrew Pollack (1 January 1984).
332:Regional Bell Operating Companies
223:Federal Communications Commission
1605:
1595:
1586:
1585:
1574:
1195:Free-space optical communication
433:
195:on the date of enactment of the
171:company which held the regional
161:incumbent local exchange carrier
101:
38:
18:Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier
197:Telecommunications Act of 1996
191:(LEC) in a specific area that
1:
375:Alberta Government Telephones
351:independent telephone company
1581:Telecommunication portal
1362:Telecommunications equipment
1098:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
239:, convenience and necessity
208:Code of Federal Regulations
61:, discuss the issue on the
1653:
802:Telecommunications history
26:
1569:
1410:Public Switched Telephone
1222:telecommunication circuit
1183:Fiber-optic communication
928:Francis Blake (telephone)
723:Optical telecommunication
383:Manitoba Telecom Services
1321:Orbital angular-momentum
758:Satellite communications
597:Communications satellite
307:facilities and networks.
295:Resale – The duty
1200:Molecular communication
1023:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
852:Undersea telegraph line
587:Cable protection system
328:the breakup of AT&T
131:more precise citations.
1342:Communication protocol
1128:Charles Sumner Tainter
943:Walter Houser Brattain
888:Edwin Howard Armstrong
696:Information revolution
189:local exchange carrier
1316:Polarization-division
1048:Narinder Singh Kapany
1013:Erna Schneider Hoover
933:Jagadish Chandra Bose
913:Alexander Graham Bell
644:online video platform
440:Telephones portal
1158:Vladimir K. Zworykin
1118:Almon Brown Strowger
1088:Charles Grafton Page
743:Prepaid mobile phone
671:Electrical telegraph
349:. In some areas, an
214:, section 69.601(b).
67:create a new article
59:improve this article
49:may not represent a
1108:Johann Philipp Reis
867:Wireless revolution
829:The Telephone Cases
686:Hydraulic telegraph
1306:Frequency-division
1283:Telephone exchange
1153:Charles Wheatstone
1083:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
1058:Innocenzo Manzetti
993:Reginald Fessenden
728:Optical telegraphy
561:Telecommunications
518:2006-09-26 at the
479:The New York Times
1619:
1618:
1357:Store and forward
1352:Data transmission
1266:Network switching
1217:Transmission line
1063:Guglielmo Marconi
1028:Internet pioneers
893:Mohamed M. Atalla
862:Whistled language
385:(MTS Allstream),
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87:
69:, as appropriate.
16:(Redirected from
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1578:
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1450:Notable networks
1440:Wireless network
1380:Cellular network
1372:Types of network
1347:Computer network
1234:Network topology
1148:Thomas A. Watson
1003:Oliver Heaviside
988:Philo Farnsworth
963:Daniel Davis Jr.
938:Charles Bourseul
898:John Logie Baird
607:Data compression
602:Computer network
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513:FCC CFR Title 47
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290:network elements
206:pursuant to the
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691:Information Age
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261:Interconnection
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75:September 2020
53:of the subject
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1093:Radia Perlman
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460:"47CFR69.601"
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1293:Multiplexing
1168:Transmission
1133:Nikola Tesla
1123:Henry Sutton
1078:Samuel Morse
1008:Robert Hooke
973:Amos Dolbear
908:John Bardeen
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807:Telautograph
711:Mobile phone
666:Edholm's law
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1143:Alfred Vail
1053:Hedy Lamarr
1038:Dawon Kahng
998:Elisha Gray
958:Yogen Dalal
883:Nasir Ahmed
817:Teleprinter
681:Heliographs
387:Bell Canada
257:agreements.
129:introducing
1626:Categories
1539:Antarctica
1498:Toasternet
1420:Television
903:Paul Baran
835:Television
819:(teletype)
812:Telegraphy
790:transistor
768:Phryctoria
738:Photophone
716:Smartphone
706:Mass media
446:References
311:Colocation
265:facilities
254:good faith
183:Definition
112:references
1632:Telephony
1523:Americas
1512:Locations
1483:Internet2
1244:Bandwidth
948:Vint Cerf
845:streaming
823:Telephone
763:Semaphore
654:streaming
330:into the
285:Unbundled
169:telephone
137:July 2008
63:talk page
1591:Category
1478:Internet
1468:CYCLADES
1385:Ethernet
1335:Concepts
1259:terminal
1210:wireless
1033:Bob Kahn
876:Pioneers
701:Internet
592:Cable TV
516:Archived
484:18 March
427:See also
212:Title 47
210:(C.F.R)
173:monopoly
57:You may
1611:Commons
1601:Outline
1554:Oceania
1473:FidoNet
1458:ARPANET
1271:circuit
840:digital
569:History
509:format.
379:SaskTel
343:Verizon
322:In the
125:improve
1549:Europe
1519:Africa
1503:Usenet
1463:BITNET
1400:Mobile
1276:packet
785:MOSFET
780:device
577:Beacon
391:Aliant
371:BC Tel
363:Canada
357:Canada
244:Duties
114:, but
1532:South
1527:North
1488:JANET
1425:Telex
1415:Radio
1254:Nodes
1249:Links
1170:media
748:Radio
733:Pager
661:Drums
627:video
622:image
612:audio
418:1990s
395:CLECs
367:Telus
345:, an
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1544:Asia
1430:UUCP
1390:ISDN
486:2013
389:and
373:and
347:RBOC
221:The
165:ILEC
1435:WAN
1405:NGN
1395:LAN
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617:DCT
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