921:, the most important sentence in the speech, expressing the core of Kennedy's policy, was: "For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed." Sorensen revealed in 2007 that John F. Kennedy had five objectives in mind with his speech, all of which, according to Sorensen, were achieved. Sorensen called Kennedy's speech "wise and courageous" and concluded: "Kennedy's inaugural address was world-changing, heralding the commencement of a new American administration and foreign policy determined upon a peaceful victory in the west's long cold war struggle with the Soviet Union over the world's future direction. It was a statement of core values - his and the nation's at that time - that he very much believed needed to be conveyed."
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591:". Kennedy requested Frost to read a poem at the inauguration, suggesting "The Gift Outright", considered an act of gratitude towards Frost for his help during the campaign. Kennedy would later state that he admired the "courage, the towering skill and daring" of Frost, and adding that "I've never taken the view the world of politics and the world of poetry are so far apart. I think politicians and poets share at least one thing, and that is their greatness depends upon the courage with which they face the challenges of life." American poet
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shade, however Frost waved the offer aside, took the hat and jokingly said "I'll help you with that", sparking laughter and applause from the crowd and
President Kennedy. Understanding the immediacy of the situation, Frost stated to the microphones that "this was to have been a preface to a poem which I do not have to read", and began to recite "The Gift Outright" from memory before the "nearly one million people in the nation's capital". This marks the first time a poem was read at a presidential inauguration,
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passage, he says: "United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do." Both passages appeal to the idea of refocusing international values. Again, after exhorting "both sides" to action, he calls on all of "us" "to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle ... against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself," though the phrase "long twilight struggle" came to be associated with the
900:. Kennedy's line "Let us never negotiate out of fear. But let us never fear to negotiate." is nearly identical to Galbraith's suggestion "We shall never negotiate out of fear. But we shall never fear to negotiate." Stevenson's suggestion "if the free way of life doesn't help the many poor of this world it will never save the few rich." was the basis for Kennedy's line "If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich."
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inscribed on a granite slab behind the statue. Two decades later, in
January 1961, President-elect John F. Kennedy asked me to study those words again, in preparing to help him write his inaugural address. He also asked me to read all previous 20th-century inaugural addresses. I did not learn much from those speeches (except for FDR's first inaugural), but I learned a great deal from Lincoln's ten sentences.
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the ball in the
Mayflower Hotel to congratulate him, and sure enough, Kennedy asked, "Was that George Kara sitting beside you?" O'Neill told Kennedy what Kara had said, and J.F.K replied, "Tip, you'll never believe it. I had my left hand on the Bible and my right hand in the air, and I was about to take the oath of office, and I said to myself, 'How the hell did Kara get that seat?'"
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for you.' It's 'For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt that can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.' That was the
Kennedy policy in a nutshell. He wasn't for unilaterial disarmament-on the contrary, he wanted to build an overwhelming nuclear advantage, so we'd never have to use them, the Soviets would never dare to challenge us."
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the goal of international unity. He also phrases negative ideas as opportunities—a challenge, appealing to innately
American ideals. In the fourth from last passage he states, "In the long history of the world, only a few generations have been granted the role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger".
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Looking back, Ted
Sorensen, Kennedy's essential collaborator, saw nothing contradictory about the inaugural address. It embodied, he said, Kennedy's fundamental philosophy of peace through strength. "The line in the inaugural address that is the most important is not 'Ask not what your country can do
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O'Neill recalled that Kara had nudged him and said, "Years from now, historians will wonder what was on the young man's mind as he strode to take his oath of office. I bet he's asking himself how George Kara got such a good seat." That night, O'Neill and his wife danced over to the president's box at
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and is used prominently in this address. Kennedy recognized the
American people's anxiety about the Cold War and chose an optimistic tone. He accomplishes this by talking about the future, and repeats the phrase "Let both sides ..." to indicate a way to deal with strained relations while appealing to
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On inauguration day, January 20, 1961, the skies began to clear but the snow created chaos in
Washington, almost canceling the inaugural parade. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers was put in charge of clearing the streets during the evening and morning before the inauguration, and were assisted by more
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A major winter storm occurred the day before the inauguration, with temperatures at 20 °F (−7 °C) and snowfall at 1–2 inches (2.5–5.1 cm) per hour and a total of 8 inches (20 cm) during the night, causing transportation and logistical problems in
Washington and serious concern for
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was too controversial for the time and occasion, much to Sammy's and
Sinatra's dismay. Davis had already postponed his wedding to Britt until after the election, also at the request of the Kennedy campaign via Sinatra. Davis eventually switched his support to the Republican Party and Richard Nixon in
1930:""Dedication," Robert Frost's presidential inaugural poem, 20 January 1961. Typescript with Frost's holograph script corrections in ink and Stewart Udall's holograph clarifications in pencil on the last page. Permission to reproduce the poem online was granted by the Estate of Robert Frost and Henry"
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as well as other inaugural speeches. Kennedy began collecting thoughts and ideas for his inauguration speech in late November 1960. He took suggestions from various friends, aides and counselors, including suggestions from clergymen for biblical quotations. Kennedy then made several drafts using his
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The central theme of the speech is the relationship between duty and power. This is emphasized by the strong use of juxtaposition in the first part of the speech: "... Man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life". Similarly, in the fifth
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Once at the presidential podium, however, the glare of the sun and snow prevented him from reading his papers. When Frost started reading, he stumbled on the first three lines, squinting at his papers in view of the crowd and cameras. Vice President Johnson tried to assist by using his top hat as a
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to suspend their shows for the night to accommodate some of their actors attending the gala. With tickets ranging from $ 100 per person to $ 10,000 per group, Sinatra hoped to raise $ 1.7 million ($ 17.3 million in today's dollars) for the Democratic Party to eliminate its debt brought on by a
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of Americans—born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage—and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around
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Kennedy's inauguration marked many firsts for the United States. Kennedy was the first Catholic inaugurated as commander-in-chief. At the inauguration, Kennedy, then 43, was the youngest elected president and was replacing the oldest president in American history at that time, Eisenhower. The age
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Abraham Lincoln, the greatest American president, was also in my view the best of all presidential speechwriters. As a youngster in Lincoln, Nebraska, I stood before the statue of the president gracing the west side of the towering state capitol and soaked up the words of his Gettysburg Address,
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At the end of the ball, Kennedy spoke to thank Sinatra on the festivities and his support of the Democratic Party throughout his life and the 1960 campaign, adding "The happy relationship between the arts and politics which has characterized our long history I think reached culmination tonight."
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It is also similar to Supreme Court justice Oliver Wendell Holmes' 1884 Memorial Day speech, in which Holmes said, " is now the moment when by common consent we pause to become conscious of our national life and to rejoice in it, to recall what our country has done for each of us, and to ask
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Immediately after reciting the oath of office, President Kennedy turned to address the crowd gathered at the Capitol. His 1366-word inaugural address, the first delivered to a televised audience in color, is considered one of the best presidential inaugural speeches in American history.
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with the difficult goals of maintaining peaceful international relations and representing the United States as a strong global force. These themes dominated his inaugural address. Kennedy highlighted the newly discovered dangers of nuclear power and the accelerating
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on the eve of Inauguration day, January 19, 1961, considered one of the biggest parties ever held in the history of Washington, D.C. Sinatra recruited many Hollywood stars who performed and attended, and went as far as convincing
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difference and visual impact of the turnover from Eisenhower's presence to Kennedy's was noticeable at the inauguration. In addition, Kennedy was the first person born in the 20th century to have been inaugurated as president.
753:) although he officially became president at the stroke of noon. Kennedy did not wear an overcoat when taking the oath of office and delivering the inaugural address, despite the cold conditions of 22 °F (−6 °C) with
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View of the extended East Front of the Capitol where the inauguration was held. President Kennedy is in the center delivering his inaugural address, with Vice President Johnson and official and invited guests sitting behind
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1113:. Throngs of onlookers and millions of television viewers also watched the procession; it took three hours to pass by. Sixteen thousand members of the US armed forces marched with displays of modern weaponry like the
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Along with official presidential guests and honorees, including former presidents, vice presidents, cabinet members, and other Washington officials, the Kennedys invited famous men and women of the arts, including
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followed the inauguration ceremony, bearing the new president from Capitol Plaza to the White House. Upon his arrival, Kennedy mounted a reviewing stand shared with honored guests such as former president
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to the inauguration and to the balls in the evening, removing it only to be sworn in and give his address. He in fact restored the tradition, after Eisenhower broke with it by wearing a
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It was also in his inaugural address that John F. Kennedy spoke his famous words, "ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country." This use of
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1560:"History & Archaeology: Inaugural Firsts – When was the first inaugural parade? Who had the longest inaugural address? A look at presidential inaugurations through time"
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the early 1970s. Harry Belafonte expressed sadness at the controversy, stating "It was the ambassador, we didn't know that until after. Sammy not being there was a loss."
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can be seen even as a thesis statement of his speech—a call to action for the public to do what is right for the greater good. This may be an elegant rephrasing of
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Lawrence, W.H. (January 21, 1961). "Kennedy Sworn in, Asks 'Global Alliance' Against Tyranny, Want, Disease, and War; Republicans and Diplomats Hail Address".
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poetry collection) was finally recited at the U.S. Capitol by Chaplain Daniel P. Coughlin during the 50th anniversary celebrations of Kennedy's inauguration.
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where it is stored today. The original manuscript version, personally dedicated by Frost, was provided to the president and currently held by the
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Frost gave the type scripted version of the undelivered "Dedication" poem to Udall after the ceremony, who eventually donated the document to the
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to Lyndon Johnson. This marked the first time a House speaker administered the oath, which had been given in previous inaugurations by either the
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Jacqueline retired to the White House before the ball ended at 1:30 am (ET), and John went to a second pre-inaugural ball hosted by his father
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The claim that Kennedy did not wear a hat to his inauguration, and so single-handedly killed the men's hat industry, is false. Kennedy wore a
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instead of a top hat to both of his inaugurations. Johnson, at his inauguration in 1965, was the first president to go completely hatless.
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during a time of economic prosperity, emerging social changes, and diplomatic challenges. This inauguration was the first in which a poet,
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962:"To some generations much is given. Of other generations much is expected. This generation of Americans has a rendezvous with destiny."
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to become president, the youngest person elected to the office, and the first U.S. president to have been born in the 20th century.
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1482:. United States District Court, District of Columbia. 17 December 2004. p. 2 of Appendix, footnote 26. No. Civ.A.04-2208(JDB)
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The Essential Holmes: Selections from the Letters, Speeches, Judicial Opinions, and Other Writings of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr
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own thoughts and some of those suggestions. Kennedy included in his speech several suggestions made by Harvard economist
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to the poem Kennedy suggested, to the surprise of Kennedy's friends. On the morning of the inauguration, Frost asked
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and expanded from 42 to 77 lines, to Kennedy in March 1962. The unread poem (published in 1962 as part of Frost's
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would say that the request "focused attention on Kennedy as a man of culture, as a man interested in culture."
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2893:. United States Department of Education and Public Programs, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.
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Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a
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2376:"Great speeches of the 20th century: The Kennedys. Ted Sorenson: JFK's inaugural address was world-changing"
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And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country.
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2452:"Victories and Defeats in the Long Twilight Struggle: The United States and Western Europe in the 1960s"
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may have marked the moment when popular entertainment became an indispensable part of modern politics.
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1957:"Robert Frost's Original Poem for JFK's Inauguration Finds Way to Kennedy Presidential Library"
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hard-fought campaign. Many Hollywood stars gave brief speeches or performed acts, rehearsed by
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2478:"Toward a Sophistic Definition of Rhetoric." Poulakos. Philosophy and Rhetoric 16(1983):35–48.
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Department of Education and Public Programs, John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum
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Ask Not : The Inauguration of John F. Kennedy and the Speech That Changed America
2404:"The Timeless Speech: A Close Textual Analysis of John F. Kennedy's Inaugural". Biane.
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2176:"John F. Kennedy Quotations: President Kennedy's Inaugural Address, January 20, 1961"
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2 years, 306 days into this term, and Johnson succeeded to the presidency.
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This was the 44th inauguration and marked the commencement of John F. Kennedy's and
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1836:. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. January 20, 1961. Archived from
1525:"Inaugurals of Presidents of the United States: Some Precedents and Notable Events"
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1979:"John F. Kennedy and Ireland – John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum"
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The Diplomacy of the Crucial Decade: American Foreign Relations During the 1960s
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Ask Not: The Inauguration of John F. Kennedy and the Speech That Changed America
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1477:"Newdow v. Bush, 391 F. Supp. 2d 95 (D.D.C. 2005), Appendix D: Inaugural Clergy"
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Rhetorical Terms and Techniques of Persuasion from Kennedy’s Inaugural Address
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2489:"Acceptance Speech for the Renomination for the Presidency, Philadelphia, Pa"
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Audio of John F. Kennedy giving his inaugural address. (Duration:14 minutes)
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2079:. University of California, Santa Barbara: The American Presidency Project
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The most famous passage from the inaugural address is etched in stone at
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2750:"Who Killed Men's Hats? Think Of A Three Letter Word Beginning With 'I'"
1593:"The poem Robert Frost wanted to read at John F. Kennedy's inauguration"
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2178:. Boston Massachusetts: John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum
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president of the United States, and delivering his inaugural address.
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titled "Fanfare for the Inauguration of John F. Kennedy" was played.
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2077:"Inaugural Addresses (including length in words) Washington – Trump"
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framed this manuscript version, writing on the back of the frame:
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2583:"The Presidents of the United States of America: John F. Kennedy"
2302:. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Archived from
430:, and would finally return to the White House at around 3:30 am.
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was held on Friday, January 20, 1961, at the East Portico of the
1748:"Why poet Frost made a last-minute switch at JFK's inauguration"
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which lasted for 12 minutes. Additional prayers were recited by
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Library of Congress, John F. Kennedy Presidential Inauguration
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2644:"Donald Trump is the oldest president elected in US history"
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from flying into Washington and attending the inauguration.
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555:. The invocation and prayers lasted a total of 28 minutes.
2541:"Dazzling Military Might Goes On Parade for New President"
1364:"Presidential Inaugural Weather: Worst Traffic Jam - 1961"
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The oath of office for vice president was administered by
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His inaugural address encompassed the major themes of his
1779:"Stewart L. Udall Collection: Robert Frost's Dedication"
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The speech was crafted by Kennedy and his speech writer
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John F. Kennedy, Remarks at Amherst College on the Arts
2343:. London: Simon & Schuster UK Ltd. pp. 38–39.
1834:"The Inauguration of John F. Kennedy: January 20, 1961"
1506:. Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies
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where preparations and rehearsals were photographed by
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For Jack. First thing I had framed to be put in your
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to less than half a mile, preventing former president
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President Kennedy 1961 Inaugural Address (with audio)
2238:"Ted Sorensen on Abraham Lincoln: A Man of His Words"
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ourselves what we can do for the country in return."
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Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies
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Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
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Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies
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United States National Recording Registry recordings
2589:. White House Historical Association. Archived from
2016:. John F. Kennedy Library and Museum. Archived from
1959:. John F. Kennedy Library and Museum. JFKPOF-140-045
1712:"Poetry and Power: Robert Frost's Inaugural Reading"
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sat next to wealthy Boston businessman George Kara:
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and by the former Democratic presidential candidate
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than 1,000 District of Columbia employees and 1,700
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3566:
3476:
3403:
3327:
3294:
Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1961
3199:
3095:
3011:
2293:"Analyzing the Rhetoric of JFK's Inaugural Address"
1657:"Robert Frost Dies at 88; Kennedy Leads in Tribute"
89:
79:
64:
46:
2170:
2168:
1741:
1739:
1737:
3849:John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School
2839:"Inaugural Traditions: Dude, Where's My Top Hat?"
2340:Brothers: The Hidden History of the Kennedy Years
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1454:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
716:Frost officially presented the poem, retitled to
3722:U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
2925:As delivered text of Kennedy's Inaugural Address
2052:
2050:
1803:
1801:
1471:
1469:
3680:John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum
2904:John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum
2039:"Kennedy Was in Office Despite Delay in Oath".
2003:New York Times, January 21, 1961, p. 8, col. 1.
1934:Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
1045:attended the event, as did future first ladies
1013:
844:
834:
608:Of a power leading from its strength and pride,
603:
448:Nixon and successor Johnson on Inauguration Day
292:
4854:Robert Frost: A Lover's Quarrel with the World
2327:"John F. Kennedy Inaugural Address". Bartleby.
1621:Tuten, Nancy Lewis; Zubizarreta, John (2001).
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
284:, wearing a gown designed by Ethel Franken of
4828:Robert Frost Farm (South Shaftsbury, Vermont)
4564:
4101:
3984:Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington
3354:Report to the American People on Civil Rights
2950:
2413:"Text Analysis, John F. Kennedy, 1961." Cruz.
1951:
1949:
1912:"Amanda Gorman Captures the Moment, in Verse"
1388:Paul J. Kocin and Louis W. Uccellini (2004).
908:Kennedy came into power at the height of the
624:—Closing seven lines from Robert Frost's poem
8:
2724:"Robert Frost and J.F.K., Fifty Years Later"
2268:National Archives and Records Administration
1772:
1770:
1768:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
653:for easier reading, to which Udall obliged.
618:Of which this noonday's the beginning hour.
30:
27:44th United States presidential inauguration
2272:"John F. Kennedy's inaugural address, 1961"
1498:
1496:
1329:"Inauguration Weather: The Case of Kennedy"
777:Video of John F. Kennedy being sworn in as
4660:The Need of Being Versed in Country Things
4571:
4557:
4549:
4108:
4094:
4086:
3336:
3092:
2957:
2943:
2935:
2458:. Columbia University Press. p. 115.
1861:"Selection Provides Civil Rights Symmetry"
1425:"Record Falls With Snow in Washington, DC"
1358:
1356:
1354:
1072:on the platform, as did future presidents
38:
29:
3794:John F. Kennedy Federal Building (Boston)
3412:U.S. House of Representatives elections:
3264:Status of Women (Presidential Commission)
2804:
2802:
2800:
2798:
1504:"President John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 1961"
1285:Jacobs, George; Stadiem, William (2003).
1021:Presidents and first ladies in attendance
4919:January 1961 events in the United States
4899:United States presidential inaugurations
4117:United States presidential inaugurations
3428:U.S. Senate elections in Massachusetts:
612:Firm in our free beliefs without dismay,
587:, then 86 years old, recited his poem "
121:37th vice president of the United States
3707:Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
2833:
2831:
2148:"Greatest speeches of the 20th century"
1450:National Weather Service Sterling, VA.
1157:
883:. Kennedy had Sorensen study President
626:"For John F. Kennedy His Inauguration",
572:Speaker of the House of Representatives
204:, the incumbent vice president, in the
3789:Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts
3373:Remarks at Amherst College on the Arts
2870:. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2004.
2675:
2665:
2240:. Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from
1288:Mr. S.: The Last Word on Frank Sinatra
821:
3799:John F. Kennedy International Airport
2491:. presidency.ucsb.edu. Archived from
1746:Camia, Catalina (26 September 2010).
628:the expanded version of "Dedication".
614:In any game the nations want to play.
351:. Performances and speeches included
7:
4702:Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
4639:For John F. Kennedy His Inauguration
3854:John F. Kennedy University (defunct)
3142:Migration and Refugee Assistance Act
2930:Audio of Kennedy's Inaugural Address
2616:. Reuters. May 17, 1981. p. 28.
2386:from the original on August 15, 2021
2058:"Kennedy's Words, Obama's Challenge"
1910:Alter, Alexandra (19 January 2021).
1884:Rosenthal, Harry (20 January 1997).
1655:Associated Press (30 January 1963).
799:Inaugural address of John F. Kennedy
757:at 7 °F (−14 °C) at noon.
718:For John F. Kennedy His Inauguration
702:John F. Kennedy Presidential Library
610:Of young ambition eager to be tried,
600:For John F. Kennedy His Inauguration
468:The snowstorm dropped visibility at
18:Inaugural address of John F. Kennedy
4823:Robert Frost Farm (Ripton, Vermont)
3110:Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
2654:from the original on 5 January 2022
1591:Wirzbicki, Alan (11 January 2011).
958:1936 Democratic National Convention
637:specifically for the ceremony as a
579:president pro tempore of the Senate
497:in company with outgoing president
97:35th president of the United States
1689:"Robert Frost Adds Poet's Touch".
1423:Andrea Stone (February 10, 2010).
693:) at their respective ceremonies.
109:Chief Justice of the United States
25:
4833:Robert Frost House, Massachusetts
3449:Democratic National Conventions:
3269:University of Alabama integration
2773:"How to wear a hat and look good"
2202:"Analyzing the Inaugural Address"
2123:"Two Authors Ask About 'Ask Not'"
1558:Wolly, Brian (17 December 2008).
1327:Jason Samenow (January 9, 2009).
1261:"The Jack Pack, Pt. 2: 1961–2008"
633:Frost composed a new poem titled
4818:The Frost Place, Home and Museum
4813:Robert Frost Farm, New Hampshire
4069:
4068:
3318:
3311:
2566:
1981:. Jfklibrary.org. Archived from
1886:"Poet Addresses Inaugural Event"
1452:"Presidential Inaugural Weather"
1169:. New York: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill.
822:Problems playing this file? See
803:
649:, to have his handwritten draft
616:A golden age of poetry and power
606:The glory of a next Augustan age
4757:Collected Poems of Robert Frost
3844:John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge
3461:U.S. presidential election 1960
3234:Federal housing segregation ban
3115:Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
2989:U.S. Senator from Massachusetts
2771:Sam Parker (19 November 2013).
2722:Crouch, Ian (20 January 2011).
2612:"Reagan Now Oldest President".
2519:. University of Chicago Press.
2513:Holmes, Oliver Wendell (1996).
2043:. January 21, 1961. p. 13.
1859:Michael E. Ruane (2008-12-17).
1396:American Meteorological Society
738:was administered to Kennedy by
736:oath of office of the president
714:. First thing to be hung there.
227:, participated in the program.
4475:G. H. W. Bush (1989)
2981:President of the United States
2748:Robert Krulwich (4 May 2012).
2581:Frank Freidel and Hugh Sidey.
1623:The Robert Frost Encyclopedia.
1599:. Boston Globe. Archived from
1259:Doyle, Jack (21 August 2011).
1219:Purdum, Todd (February 2011).
994:, and fashion icon and future
200:Kennedy had narrowly defeated
189:'s only term as president and
175:president of the United States
1:
4904:Presidency of John F. Kennedy
3558:John F. Kennedy document hoax
3552:Happy Birthday, Mr. President
3546:Coretta Scott King phone call
3484:Birthplace and childhood home
3367:A rising tide lifts all boats
3254:Presidential Medal of Freedom
2450:Thomas Alan Schwartz (1994).
2337:Talbot, David (May 8, 2007).
2121:Wyatt, Edward (10 May 2005).
1368:U.S. National Weather Service
3757:Lincoln–Kennedy coincidences
3209:Communications Satellite Act
1809:"The Poetry of Robert Frost"
1625:Greenwood Publishing Group,
1529:Library of Congress, citing
956:'s acceptance speech at the
934:struggle against communism.
507:Holy Trinity Catholic Church
501:, Kennedy went to a morning
31:Presidential inauguration of
4396:F. D. Roosevelt (1945)
4391:F. D. Roosevelt (1941)
4386:F. D. Roosevelt (1937)
4381:F. D. Roosevelt (1933)
3659:Gravesite and Eternal Flame
3517:Biuku Gasa and Eroni Kumana
3440:1960 presidential primaries
3348:We choose to go to the Moon
3214:Community Mental Health Act
1291:. New York: HarperCollins.
1181:"44TH INAUGURAL CEREMONIES"
865:Arlington National Cemetery
519:invocation at the inaugural
470:Washington National Airport
230:For this inauguration, the
4940:
4618:The Death of the Hired Man
4207:W. H. Harrison (1841)
3445:1960 presidential campaign
3378:State of the Union Address
3342:American University speech
3229:Federal affirmative action
3059:Presidential Proclamations
2454:. In Diane B. Kunz (ed.).
2098:Kennedy, John Fitzgerald.
1533:article of 18 January 1961
1427:. AOL News. Archived from
1165:Bragdon, Henry W. (1998).
437:
4894:1961 in American politics
4597:Acquainted with the Night
4541:*Intra-term inaugurations
4539:
4437:L. B. Johnson (1965)
4430:L. B. Johnson (1963)
4047:
3839:John F. Kennedy Arboretum
3309:
3284:Oil Pollution Act of 1961
3186:Moscow–Washington hotline
2972:
1092:Parade to the White House
647:Secretary of the Interior
493:Before proceeding to the
142:
37:
4909:1961 in Washington, D.C.
3996:Patricia Kennedy Lawford
3697:Civil Rights Act of 1964
3685:Profile in Courage Award
3279:All-Channel Receiver Act
3249:Pilot Food Stamp Program
2423:Thurston Clarke (2010).
1167:History of a Free Nation
1105:and former first ladies
904:Main ideas of the speech
563:", and a composition by
561:The Star-Spangled Banner
538:Central Christian Church
536:Dr. John Barclay of the
480:Inauguration proceedings
434:The inaugural nor'easter
241:, and included Senators
208:. Kennedy was the first
4187:J. Q. Adams (1825)
3936:Patrick Bouvier Kennedy
3859:John F. Kennedy Stadium
3692:Twenty-fourth Amendment
3274:Voter Education Project
2545:The Terre Haute Tribune
2429:. Penguin. p. 39.
2075:Peters, Gerhard (ed.).
1125:, accompanied by forty
440:January 1961 nor'easter
395:, and Sinatra himself.
321:organized and hosted a
4506:G. W. Bush (2005)
4501:G. W. Bush (2001)
4053:← Dwight D. Eisenhower
3990:Eunice Kennedy Shriver
3784:Harvard Kennedy School
3702:Apollo 11 Moon landing
3595:A Nation of Immigrants
3069:Presidential limousine
1183:. United States Senate
1018:
894:John Kenneth Galbraith
876:
848:
843:
792:
782:
745:using a closed family
621:
490:
449:
296:
289:
268:Sinatra inaugural ball
52:; 63 years ago
4667:Nothing Gold Can Stay
3972:Joseph P. Kennedy Jr.
3960:Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
3652:attending dignitaries
3224:Executive Order 11110
3105:Alliance for Progress
3042:Judicial appointments
2014:"White House Diaries"
1221:"From That Day Forth"
954:Franklin D. Roosevelt
858:
791:
776:
661:by future presidents
530:Greek Orthodox Church
487:
447:
275:
219:and would define his
206:presidential election
179:United States Capitol
69:United States Capitol
50:January 20, 1961
4864:Robert Frost: A Life
3752:U.S. five cent stamp
3712:Kennedy Space Center
3360:Ich bin ein Berliner
3168:Cuban Missile Crisis
3158:Bay of Pigs Invasion
3064:Presidential pardons
2244:on February 13, 2022
2234:Theodore C. Sorensen
1840:on September 6, 2022
1667:on September 5, 2022
1564:Smithsonian Magazine
1431:on February 12, 2010
1391:Northeast Snowstorms
1096:A vast parade along
499:Dwight D. Eisenhower
433:
411:interracial marriage
345:Statler-Hilton Hotel
343:, and stayed at the
152:1963 (extraordinary)
137:— Administering oath
113:— Administering oath
4604:After Apple-Picking
4338:T. Roosevelt (1905)
4331:T. Roosevelt (1901)
4060:Lyndon B. Johnson →
3948:Tatiana Schlossberg
3930:John F. Kennedy Jr.
3747:U.S. postage stamps
3742:Kennedy half dollar
3732:Cultural depictions
3585:Profiles in Courage
3289:Revenue Act of 1962
3137:Trade Expansion Act
2997:U.S. Representative
2816:. 27 September 2007
2547:. Terre Haute, IN.
2102:. American Rhetoric
2100:"Inaugural Address"
2064:. January 19, 2009.
2020:on January 25, 2009
1813:Library of Congress
1784:Library of Congress
1333:The Washington Post
1117:and the supersonic
1098:Pennsylvania Avenue
1025:Five first ladies,
925:Rhetorical elements
873:Washington Monument
861:Kennedy's gravesite
698:Library of Congress
645:, Kennedy's future
463:Pennsylvania Avenue
409:, fearing that his
34:
4858:(1963 documentary)
4838:Robert Frost Medal
4796:A Masque of Reason
4750:West-Running Brook
4695:The Road Not Taken
4299:B. Harrison (1889)
4026:John F. Fitzgerald
4008:Jean Kennedy Smith
3918:Jacqueline Bouvier
3864:Kennedy Expressway
3834:Runnymede memorial
3635:in popular culture
3536:Castle Hot Springs
3074:Presidential yacht
2888:2013-04-18 at the
2702:The New York Times
2678:has generic name (
2642:Business Insider.
2629:The New York Times
2614:The New York Times
2551:. January 20, 1961
2374:(April 22, 2007).
2062:The New York Times
2041:The New York Times
1916:The New York Times
1722:on 12 January 2014
1693:. 21 January 1961.
1691:The New York Times
1603:on August 21, 2022
1064:joined presidents
1043:Jacqueline Kennedy
898:Adlai Stevenson II
889:Gettysburg Address
877:
875:in the background.
793:
783:
704:. Kennedy's wife
659:a feature repeated
491:
453:the inauguration.
450:
323:pre-inaugural ball
290:
282:Jacqueline Kennedy
262:Charles A. Halleck
4881:
4880:
4869:
4859:
4849:
4848:(1959 choral art)
4736:Mountain Interval
4646:The Gift Outright
4546:
4545:
4419:Eisenhower (1957)
4414:Eisenhower (1953)
4259:A. Johnson (1865)
4136:Washington (1793)
4131:Washington (1789)
4083:
4082:
4038:Billie and Debbie
4002:Robert F. Kennedy
3829:Portland memorial
3809:Brooklyn memorial
3599:
3589:
3579:
3575:Why England Slept
3337:Inaugural address
3307:
3306:
3299:Wetlands Loan Act
3122:Flexible response
2866:Clarke, Thurston
2845:. 19 January 2009
2783:on 17 August 2015
2696:(14 March 2011).
2526:978-0-226-67554-1
2214:on March 25, 2014
1985:on August 3, 2009
1265:PopHistoryDig.com
1115:Minuteman missile
1111:Eleanor Roosevelt
1074:Lyndon B. Johnson
1060:Former president
1047:Lady Bird Johnson
1031:Eleanor Roosevelt
809:
774:
761:Inaugural address
589:The Gift Outright
565:Leonard Bernstein
332:Broadway theatres
258:John W. McCormack
187:Lyndon B. Johnson
160:
159:
124:— Assuming office
118:Lyndon B. Johnson
100:— Assuming office
16:(Redirected from
4931:
4868:(2000 biography)
4867:
4857:
4847:
4573:
4566:
4559:
4550:
4456:
4433:
4405:
4367:
4334:
4304:Cleveland (1893)
4294:Cleveland (1885)
4290:
4262:
4234:
4216:
4202:Van Buren (1837)
4162:Jefferson (1805)
4157:Jefferson (1801)
4110:
4103:
4096:
4087:
4072:
4071:
3978:Rosemary Kennedy
3954:Jack Schlossberg
3942:Rose Schlossberg
3924:Caroline Kennedy
3819:Hyannis memorial
3597:
3587:
3577:
3541:Hammersmith Farm
3489:Kennedy Compound
3322:
3315:
3239:Fifty-mile hikes
3127:Kennedy Doctrine
3093:
3054:Executive Orders
3004:
2992:
2984:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2936:
2916:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2835:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2806:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2779:. Archived from
2768:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2710:
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2690:
2684:
2683:
2677:
2673:
2671:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2648:Business Insider
2639:
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2618:
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2609:
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2600:
2598:
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2510:
2504:
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2501:
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2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2309:on 18 April 2013
2308:
2297:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2251:
2249:
2236:(October 2008).
2230:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2213:
2207:. Archived from
2206:
2194:
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2172:
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2144:
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1791:
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1763:
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1758:
1743:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1718:. Archived from
1708:
1695:
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1686:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1663:. Archived from
1652:
1633:
1619:
1613:
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1608:
1588:
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1572:
1570:
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1385:
1379:
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1376:
1374:
1360:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1339:on July 16, 2012
1335:. Archived from
1324:
1303:
1302:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1256:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1216:
1193:
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1190:
1188:
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1171:
1170:
1162:
1078:Richard M. Nixon
1039:Mamie Eisenhower
984:Ernest Hemingway
869:Lincoln Memorial
811:
810:
790:
775:
629:
593:William Meredith
339:and directed by
310:
286:Bergdorf Goodman
183:Washington, D.C.
74:Washington, D.C.
60:
58:
53:
42:
35:
21:
4939:
4938:
4934:
4933:
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4930:
4929:
4928:
4884:
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4877:
4801:
4783:
4778:In the Clearing
4764:A Further Range
4729:North of Boston
4713:
4707:
4582:
4577:
4547:
4542:
4535:
4489:
4451:
4428:
4400:
4371:Coolidge (1925)
4364:Coolidge (1923)
4362:
4329:
4325:McKinley (1901)
4313:
4309:McKinley (1897)
4285:
4281:Garfield (1881)
4257:
4243:Buchanan (1857)
4231:Fillmore (1850)
4229:
4211:
4145:
4141:J. Adams (1797)
4119:
4114:
4084:
4079:
4043:
3966:Rose Fitzgerald
3950:(granddaughter)
3944:(granddaughter)
3904:
3893:John F. Kennedy
3884:John F. Kennedy
3876:John F. Kennedy
3824:London memorial
3814:Dallas memorial
3775:
3768:
3663:
3647:Riderless horse
3603:
3562:
3472:
3399:
3329:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3303:
3195:
3091:
3015:
3007:
2995:
2987:
2976:
2968:
2966:John F. Kennedy
2963:
2914:
2900:
2890:Wayback Machine
2863:
2858:
2848:
2846:
2837:
2836:
2829:
2819:
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2808:
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2796:
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2747:
2746:
2742:
2732:
2730:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2706:
2704:
2698:"The Ike Phase"
2692:
2691:
2687:
2674:
2664:
2657:
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2641:
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557:Marian Anderson
548:was offered by
515:Richard Cushing
482:
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399:Sammy Davis Jr.
393:Harry Belafonte
365:Ella Fitzgerald
312:
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280:and First Lady
278:John F. Kennedy
270:
251:Representatives
234:was chaired by
168:John F. Kennedy
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2728:The New Yorker
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2593:on 2 June 2011
2587:WhiteHouse.gov
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2561:Newspapers.com
2532:
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2465:978-0231081771
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1062:Harry S Truman
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980:John Steinbeck
970:
969:Invited guests
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838:new generation
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730:Oath of office
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474:Herbert Hoover
438:Main article:
435:
432:
428:Joseph Kennedy
357:Sidney Poitier
301:Todd S. Purdum
291:
269:
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247:Styles Bridges
193:. Kennedy was
191:vice president
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4470:Reagan (1985)
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4465:Reagan (1981)
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4460:Carter (1977)
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4399:
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4376:Hoover (1929)
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4353:Wilson (1917)
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4225:Taylor (1849)
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4021:
4020:P. J. Kennedy
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3886: (CV-67)
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3869:Mount Kennedy
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3181:Berlin Crisis
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3163:Cuban Project
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4580:Robert Frost
4526:Biden (2021)
4521:Trump (2017)
4516:Obama (2013)
4511:Obama (2009)
4494:21st century
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3328:Presidential
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2861:Bibliography
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1103:Harry Truman
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599:
585:Robert Frost
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337:Kay Thompson
313:
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229:
225:Robert Frost
214:
199:
195:assassinated
164:inauguration
161:
136:
123:
112:
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90:Participants
80:Organized by
4714:collections
4453:Ford (1974)
4343:Taft (1909)
4220:Polk (1845)
4014:Ted Kennedy
3900:Yad Kennedy
3152:Vietnam War
3132:Peace Corps
3003:(1947–1953)
2991:(1953–1960)
2983:(1961–1963)
2810:"Hat Trick"
2733:12 February
2707:12 February
2277:January 29,
2218:January 21,
2198:JFK Library
2182:October 17,
2157:12 February
2132:11 February
2083:October 17,
1895:11 February
1790:11 February
1757:11 February
1726:11 February
1671:11 February
1607:11 February
1538:15 February
1373:11 February
1270:16 February
1225:Vanity Fair
1119:B-70 bomber
1082:Gerald Ford
1035:Bess Truman
1009:Tip O'Neill
992:Mark Rothko
867:, with the
743:Earl Warren
575:Sam Rayburn
513:. Cardinal
377:Janet Leigh
373:Tony Curtis
341:Roger Edens
327:D.C. Armory
309:, Feb. 2011
306:Vanity Fair
254:Sam Rayburn
243:Carl Hayden
129:Sam Rayburn
105:Earl Warren
4888:Categories
4688:A Question
4531:TBD (2025)
4040:(hamsters)
3956:(grandson)
3926:(daughter)
3774:Memorials,
3499:La Querida
3027:Transition
3013:Presidency
2499:2018-06-04
2390:August 15,
2024:January 8,
1989:August 30,
1963:January 8,
1939:2023-07-17
1870:2009-01-15
1597:Boston.com
1569:26 January
1510:2009-01-21
1486:2014-02-11
1398:. p.
1230:2011-01-18
1153:References
1123:Boy Scouts
1066:Eisenhower
1055:Betty Ford
841:the world.
824:media help
749:at 12:51 (
706:Jacqueline
635:Dedication
523:Archbishop
511:Georgetown
459:Boy Scouts
369:Gene Kelly
349:Phil Stern
276:President
221:presidency
57:1961-01-20
4844:Frostiana
4674:Out, Out—
4016:(brother)
4004:(brother)
3974:(brother)
3891:USS
3882:USS
3776:namesakes
3630:reactions
3405:Elections
2849:16 August
2820:16 August
2787:16 August
2756:16 August
2313:8 January
1752:USA Today
1716:Poets.org
1531:Roll Call
1088:in 1991.
1051:Pat Nixon
915:arms race
755:windchill
687:Joe Biden
517:gave the
419:May Britt
381:Bill Dana
4074:Category
4032:Pushinka
4010:(sister)
3998:(sister)
3992:(sister)
3986:(sister)
3980:(sister)
3968:(mother)
3962:(father)
3620:timeline
3330:speeches
3080:Resolute
3018:timeline
2886:Archived
2843:ABC News
2668:cite web
2652:Archived
2384:Archived
1187:June 15,
942:rhetoric
932:Cold War
910:Cold War
851:Drafting
546:blessing
544:, and a
534:Reverend
417:actress
403:Rat Pack
217:campaign
210:Catholic
65:Location
4806:Related
4611:Birches
3504:Wexford
3466:debates
3037:Cabinet
2920:YouTube
2777:Esquire
2106:July 7,
1147:homburg
1143:top hat
1070:Kennedy
1000:editor
685:), and
639:preface
528:of the
526:Iakovos
495:Capitol
415:Swedish
325:at the
236:Senator
170:as the
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3920:(wife)
3910:Family
3668:Legacy
3598:(1958)
3588:(1956)
3578:(1940)
3511:PT-109
3173:ExComm
3156:Cuba:
2874:
2814:Snopes
2658:12 May
2597:31 May
2523:
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2433:
2347:
1818:May 5,
1629:
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1133:Impact
1127:floats
1053:, and
938:Kairos
712:office
559:sang "
407:Joseph
260:, and
249:, and
4788:Plays
4588:Poems
4034:(dog)
3938:(son)
3932:(son)
3737:films
3727:VISTA
3608:Death
3567:Books
3530:PT-59
3147:USAID
3001:MA–11
2752:. NPR
2307:(PDF)
2296:(PDF)
2212:(PDF)
2205:(PDF)
1480:(PDF)
997:Vogue
747:Bible
550:Rabbi
3456:1960
3451:1956
3435:1958
3430:1952
3424:1950
3419:1948
3414:1946
3393:1963
3388:1962
3383:1961
3082:desk
2999:for
2978:35th
2872:ISBN
2851:2015
2822:2015
2789:2015
2758:2015
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2709:2014
2680:help
2660:2017
2599:2011
2557:2016
2521:ISBN
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2345:ISBN
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1965:2008
1897:2014
1846:2022
1820:2010
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1080:and
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