831:
170:
43:
1513:
293:
1450:
876:
335:
314:
272:
212:
158:
251:
230:
838:
541:
1144:
804:, most of these Ingrian Finns, who were still Soviet citizens, were forcibly returned to the Soviet Union, where they were dispersed into Central Russia. However, some Ingrian Finns were able to flee to Sweden, and nearly 4,000 were able to remain in Finland. Ingrian Finns were largely forgotten during the presidencies of
799:
led to the ultimate result that in 1941, Moscow officially decided that
Ingrian Finns were unreliable, and in 1942 most of the Ingrian Finns remaining in Ingria were forcibly relocated to Siberia. During the Finnish and German occupation of the area, Ingrian Finns were evacuated to Finland. However,
933:
Many
Ingrian Finns, including mixed families, who moved to Finland did not speak any language other than Russian and in many cases still identify as Russians. There are social integration problems similar to those of any other migrant group in Europe, to such an extent that there is a political
795:, the Soviet policy was mixed. On the one hand, Stalin's government largely destroyed Ingrian Finnish culture, but on the other hand, the maintenance of a Finnish-speaking population was desired as a way to legitimize the planned occupation of Finland. The failure of the puppet
1360:
Tambets, Kristiina; Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Hudjashov, Georgi; Ilumäe, Anne-Mai; Rootsi, Siiri; Honkola, Terhi; Vesakoski, Outi; Atkinson, Quentin; Skoglund, Pontus; Kushniarevich, Alena; Litvinov, Sergey; Reidla, Maere; Metspalu, Ene; Saag, Lehti; Rantanen, Timo (2018).
685:, were as disastrous for the Ingrian Finns as for other small ethnic groups. Many Ingrian Finns were either executed, deported to Siberia, or forced to relocate to other parts of the Soviet Union. There were also refugees to Finland, where they assimilated.
649:. The first public library was opened in 1850, in Tyrö. The largest of the libraries, situated in Skuoritsa, had more than 2,000 volumes in the second half of the 19th century. In 1899, the first song festival in Ingria was held in Puutosti (Skuoritsa).
927:. In 2010, however, the Finnish government decided to stop the remigration, so Ingrian Finns seeking residence are now treated in the same way as any other foreigners. There are still about 15,000 people in the remigration queue.
83:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
945:
since 2004, being the first minority to organize and use such a right after
Estonia's restoration of independence. The 2011 census counted 369 Ingrian Finns in Estonia, a large majority of whom are also citizens of Estonia.
2035:
610:, where approved by the Swedish authorities. Finns made up 41.1 percent of the population of Ingria in 1656, 53.2 percent in 1661, 55.2 percent in 1666, 56.9 percent in 1671 and 73.8 percent in 1695.
652:
By 1897, the number of
Ingrian Finns had grown to 130,413, and by 1917 it exceeded 140,000 (45,000 in Northern Ingria, 52,000 in Central (Eastern) Ingria and 30,000 in Western Ingria, the rest in
754:, free of the Finnic peoples, who were considered politically unreliable. In April 1935 7,000 people (2,000 families) were deported from Ingria to Kazakhstan, elsewhere in Central Asia, and the
708:, and for several years thereafter it retained some degree of autonomy. From 1928 to 1939, Ingrian Finns in North Ingria constituted the Kuivaisi National District with its center in
1794:
3159:
3318:
3313:
3530:
1942:
1811:
2822:
2248:
2237:
1438:
1416:
1004:
938:. In contrast, native Finnish-speakers have been easily assimilated into mainstream Finnish culture, leaving little trace of Ingrian Finnish traditions.
720:
629:, which Russia had gained from Sweden during the 18th century, and where Lutherans were a large majority. There the Ingrian Finns assimilated with the
2049:
785:
In 1937 Lutheran churches and
Finnish-language schools in Ingria were closed down, and publications and radio broadcasting in Finnish were suspended.
1344:
86:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
1639:
851:
94:
1559:
1333:
705:
1787:
950:
704:, which was backed by Finland. The short-lived republic was reintegrated with Soviet Russia according to the 14 October 1920 Russian-Finnish
3520:
3515:
1688:
3525:
3510:
830:
669:
504:
1780:
930:
The number of people who declared their nationality as
Finnish in the 2010 Russian census was 20,000, down from 47,000 in 1989.
908:
3038:
1431:
1129:
747:
107:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Finnish Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
3375:
3108:
2501:
1270:
1074:
665:
512:
3064:
2748:
1683:
727:
621:
were granted land in Ingria, and
Lutheran Ingrian Finns left Ingria, where they were in minority, for the area known as
1312:
3348:
1115:
730:
started in Ingria. To facilitate it, in 1929–1931, 18,000 people (4,320 families) from North Ingria were deported to
1678:
1262:
942:
1116:Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001. Русская версия. Результаты. Национальность и родной язык. Украина и регионы
3250:
3103:
1693:
1495:
1424:
499:
Finnish immigrants introduced into the area in the 17th century, when
Finland and Ingria were both parts of the
3413:
3078:
2058:
1634:
1586:
701:
432:
102:
123:
3133:
1803:
469:
394:
1101:
555:
Ingrian Finns are the indigenous minority of Europe. Finnish-speaking
Ingrians are not to be confused with
3505:
2894:
2730:
2030:
3186:
2899:
2870:
2807:
1662:
980:
407:
1555:
1512:
1363:"Genes reveal traces of common recent demographic history for most of the Uralic-speaking populations"
523:. According to some records, some 25,000 Ingrian Finns have returned or still reside in the region of
3333:
2135:
1618:
1550:
1527:
988:
984:
976:
805:
689:
596:
3201:
3191:
3178:
2996:
2889:
2875:
2044:
1657:
796:
169:
1571:
1089:
771:
580:
571:
545:
519:, or killed. Today the Ingrian Finns constitute the largest part of the Finnish population of the
3484:
3408:
3353:
3245:
3172:
3088:
2572:
1287:
1243:
520:
116:
746:. The situation for the Ingrian Finns deteriorated further because of the Soviet plan to create
3119:
3113:
3093:
3049:
2860:
2579:
1490:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1402:
1384:
973:
556:
374:
98:
3338:
3196:
3140:
2924:
2797:
2625:
2429:
2391:
2198:
1454:
1392:
1374:
1279:
1233:
863:
855:
801:
713:
693:
618:
617:
conquest and the foundation of Saint Petersburg (1703), the flow of migration was reversed.
600:
576:
524:
492:
460:
446:
378:
366:
362:
358:
2944:
1532:
1166:
767:
3479:
3428:
3403:
3323:
3279:
3227:
3153:
2761:
2708:
2680:
2673:
2652:
2538:
2376:
2361:
2142:
1761:
1348:
1133:
1020:
935:
924:
630:
626:
614:
584:
2404:
1731:
3393:
3383:
3083:
3043:
3009:
2978:
2971:
2909:
2835:
2812:
2666:
2631:
2381:
2261:
2219:
2149:
1937:
1911:
1906:
1595:
1581:
1397:
1362:
1055:
1045:
1015:
758:. In May and June 1936 20,000 people, the entire Finnish population of the parishes of
735:
500:
484:
428:
370:
55:
3499:
3418:
3369:
3255:
3211:
3167:
3056:
2991:
2986:
2939:
2919:
2802:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2659:
2565:
2558:
2544:
2366:
2347:
2342:
2329:
2212:
2087:
1978:
1947:
1224:
809:
755:
697:
1155:
3469:
3206:
2792:
2715:
2645:
2615:
2486:
2471:
2466:
2456:
2337:
2281:
2185:
2172:
2107:
2019:
2014:
2000:
1849:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1539:
1167:
Ethnic Identity in Assimilated Indigenous Minorities: The Case of the Ingrian Finns
1040:
1030:
992:
779:
743:
731:
682:
678:
674:
516:
508:
1126:
875:
3459:
3449:
3388:
3305:
3127:
3023:
2881:
2722:
2638:
2551:
2491:
2476:
2371:
2114:
2024:
1916:
1821:
1543:
1050:
879:
A map of Votic and neighbouring Ingrian-Finnish and Izhorian villages 1848–2007.
775:
759:
622:
496:
390:
723:
in 1926 recorded 114,831 "Leningrad Finns", as Ingrian Finns were then called.
17:
3328:
3261:
3235:
3221:
3016:
2914:
2855:
2525:
2481:
2301:
2291:
2006:
1952:
1379:
1291:
1192:
1035:
792:
739:
298:
1388:
923:, where they were eligible for automatic residence permits under the Finnish
3464:
3294:
3269:
3148:
3002:
2865:
2830:
2514:
2399:
2353:
2205:
2101:
2093:
1967:
1962:
1862:
1834:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1316:
1025:
965:
859:
763:
653:
607:
566:
420:
412:
31:
1406:
540:
157:
1772:
3474:
3289:
3098:
2904:
2784:
2777:
2602:
2509:
2461:
2443:
2414:
2316:
2286:
2128:
2122:
2066:
1922:
1892:
1882:
1855:
1841:
1827:
1736:
1500:
1483:
969:
961:
588:
645:, started in Ingria. Before that Ingria received newspapers mostly from
3444:
3423:
3343:
3284:
3240:
2766:
2741:
2735:
2610:
2592:
2587:
2419:
2311:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2180:
2072:
1985:
1957:
1887:
1877:
1869:
1741:
1576:
1449:
1247:
1187:
920:
916:
816:
751:
709:
603:
561:
549:
416:
340:
319:
277:
217:
198:
105:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
591:
settlers and migrant workers who moved to Ingria during the period of
3398:
3299:
3274:
2934:
2929:
2771:
2756:
2437:
2306:
2296:
2256:
2227:
2190:
2166:
2158:
2079:
1995:
1972:
1929:
912:
646:
592:
488:
256:
235:
202:
1345:
National Minorities of Finland, The Old Russians- Ex Virtual Finland
1238:
1219:
595:
rule 1617–1703. Others originated from more or less voluntary
1283:
3216:
3070:
3030:
2958:
2950:
2620:
2533:
2519:
2451:
2409:
2322:
1898:
1757:
1297:
539:
424:
778:. In Ingria they were replaced by people from other parts of the
3454:
559:-speaking Ingrians. Ingrian Finns mainly consist of two groups:
174:
Ingrian Finns of Estonia at the Estonian Song and Dance Festival
80:
1776:
1420:
641:
In 1870, the printing of the first Finnish-language newspaper,
815:
After the war many Ingrian Finns settled in Soviet-controlled
36:
1208:. Edited by Pekka Nevalainen and Hannes Sihvo. Helsinki 1991.
788:
In March 1939 the Kuivaisi National District was liquidated.
774:
near the Finnish border, were transferred to the area around
1127:Агентство Республики Казахстан по статистике. Перепись 2009.
911:
in 1991 until 2010, about 25,000 Ingrian Finns moved from
1188:
Ingria: The Broken Landbridge Between Estonia and Finland
1334:
Yle: Hallitus aikoo rajoittaa inkeriläisten paluumuuttoa
1156:Национальный состав Беларуси по переписи населения 2009
474:
692:, Ingrian Finns inhabiting the southern part of the
515:, most of them were relocated to other parts of the
76:
3437:
3362:
2848:
2821:
2601:
2500:
2428:
2390:
2247:
2236:
1810:
1702:
1671:
1650:
1627:
1520:
1461:
400:
384:
352:
331:
310:
289:
268:
247:
226:
208:
192:
179:
1100:Ancestry, Kunskapscenter, Nyheter från Ancestry:
949:In Russia, many Ingrian Finns are members of the
1313:""Inkerin Liitto" Inkerinsuomalaisten yhdistys"
964:Ingrian Finns cluster with Finns from Finland,
101:accompanying your translation by providing an
67:Click for important translation instructions.
54:expand this article with text translated from
1788:
1432:
837:
454:
8:
934:debate in Finland over the retention of the
140:
941:In Estonia, the Ingrian Finns have enjoyed
2244:
1795:
1781:
1773:
1439:
1425:
1417:
1005:Category:People of Ingrian Finnish descent
721:First All-Union Census of the Soviet Union
168:
156:
139:
1396:
1378:
1237:
1077:TE-palvelut, Työ- ja elinkeinoministeriö
999:Notable people of Ingrian Finnish descent
1263:"The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing"
983:. Their other mtDNA haplogroups include
874:
1102:Ny bok skildrar ingermanländsk historia
1067:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
972:. Half of Ingrian Finns belong to the
1328:
1326:
1090:6-й финно-угорский конгресс в Шиофоке
951:Evangelical Lutheran Church of Ingria
544:Two main subgroups of Ingrian Finns:
7:
1220:"The Dispersal of the Ingrian Finns"
681:occupation (1941–1944) during
193:Regions with significant populations
750:along the borders with Finland and
1455:Finns abroad and their descendants
1206:Inkeri. Historia, kansa, kulttuuri
25:
890: Izhorian villages (by 1943)
670:Deportations of the Ingrian Finns
1511:
1448:
896: Finnish villages (by 1943)
884: Votic villages (1848-2007)
836:
829:
637:Developments in the 19th century
333:
312:
291:
270:
249:
228:
210:
41:
909:dissolution of the Soviet Union
728:collectivization of agriculture
27:Ethnicity in Finland and Russia
3531:Finland–Soviet Union relations
1943:Indigenous peoples of Dagestan
565:, who originated from migrant
113:{{Translated|fi|Inkeriläiset}}
111:You may also add the template
1:
1271:The Journal of Modern History
666:Genocide of the Ingrian Finns
185:
660:Ingrians in the Soviet Union
495:in Russia), descending from
700:and formed the independent
475:
124:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
3547:
3521:Finland under Swedish rule
1002:
716:as its official language.
663:
75:Machine translation, like
29:
3516:Social history of Finland
1750:
1689:People of Finnish descent
1509:
1380:10.1186/s13059-018-1522-1
867:
748:restricted security zones
513:genocide of Ingrian Finns
491:(now the central part of
464:
405:
389:
357:
197:
184:
167:
155:
56:the corresponding article
3526:Ethnic groups in Estonia
3511:Ethnic groups in Finland
702:Republic of North Ingria
30:Not to be confused with
1804:Ethnic groups in Russia
1301:(subscription required)
979:and 19.4 percent carry
122:For more guidance, see
1296: – via
1261:Martin, Terry (1998).
1218:Matley, Ian M (1979).
904:
552:
455:
450:
1003:Further information:
936:Finnish Law of Return
878:
844:Kingisepp (Кингисепп)
791:Initially during the
599:among the indigenous
583:), then parts of the
543:
401:Related ethnic groups
395:Orthodox Christianity
95:copyright attribution
3363:Unrecognized peoples
2849:Other ethnic peoples
2136:Amur-Ussuri Cossacks
1145:Statistika andmebaas
902: Other villages
852:class=notpageimage|
806:Juho Kusti Paasikivi
690:Bolshevik revolution
479:), sometimes called
3438:Assimilated peoples
2031:Meadow-Eastern Mari
1332:Helsingin Sanomat:
1075:Paluumuutto Suomeen
797:Terijoki government
742:and other parts of
505:forced deportations
152:
3485:Siberian Bukharans
2621:Aukhovite Chechens
2573:Siberian Bukharans
1899:Aukhovite Chechens
1186:Kurs, Ott (1994).
1132:2012-05-01 at the
905:
858:, Russia, showing
575:, coming from the
553:
521:Russian Federation
456:inkerinsuomalaiset
103:interlanguage link
3493:
3492:
3122:
3120:Astrakhan Kazakhs
2844:
2843:
2580:Zabolotnie Tatars
2059:Northwestern Mari
1770:
1769:
991:(5.6 %) and
943:cultural autonomy
511:, and during the
507:before and after
473:
439:
438:
348:
327:
306:
285:
264:
243:
151:
135:
134:
68:
64:
16:(Redirected from
3538:
3409:Crimean Italians
3378:
3308:
3264:
3230:
3197:Meskhetian Turks
3181:
3162:
3143:
3141:Sakhalin Koreans
3136:
3118:
3073:
3059:
3052:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2981:
2974:
2967:
2953:
2925:Crimean Karaites
2884:
2787:
2780:
2751:
2744:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2582:
2575:
2568:
2561:
2554:
2547:
2528:
2446:
2356:
2332:
2325:
2245:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2201:
2199:Astrakhan Tatars
2194:
2175:
2161:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2131:
2117:
2110:
2096:
2082:
2075:
2061:
2054:
2053:
2040:
2039:
2009:
1988:
1981:
1932:
1925:
1901:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1774:
1643:
1563:
1536:
1515:
1453:
1452:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1418:
1411:
1410:
1400:
1382:
1357:
1351:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1321:
1320:
1315:. Archived from
1309:
1303:
1302:
1295:
1267:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1241:
1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1184:
1169:
1164:
1158:
1153:
1147:
1142:
1136:
1124:
1118:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1098:
1092:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1072:
901:
895:
889:
883:
869:
856:Leningrad Oblast
840:
839:
833:
802:Continuation War
738:, as well as to
694:Karelian Isthmus
643:Pietarin Sanomat
577:Karelian Isthmus
525:Saint Petersburg
493:Leningrad Oblast
478:
468:
466:
458:
363:Ingrian dialects
346:
339:
337:
336:
325:
318:
316:
315:
304:
297:
295:
294:
283:
276:
274:
273:
262:
255:
253:
252:
241:
234:
232:
231:
216:
214:
213:
187:
180:Total population
172:
162:Flag of Ingrians
160:
153:
149:
114:
108:
81:Google Translate
66:
62:
45:
44:
37:
21:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3433:
3404:Caucasus Greeks
3376:Afro-Abkhazians
3374:
3358:
3304:
3260:
3228:Kola Norwegians
3226:
3177:
3158:
3139:
3132:
3069:
3055:
3048:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3008:
3001:
2977:
2970:
2963:
2949:
2880:
2840:
2817:
2783:
2776:
2747:
2740:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2597:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2539:Siberian Tatars
2524:
2496:
2442:
2424:
2386:
2352:
2328:
2321:
2239:
2232:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2188:
2171:
2157:
2148:
2143:Baikal Cossacks
2141:
2134:
2127:
2113:
2106:
2092:
2078:
2071:
2057:
2047:
2043:
2033:
2029:
2005:
1984:
1977:
1928:
1921:
1897:
1868:
1861:
1854:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1813:
1806:
1801:
1771:
1766:
1762:Nordic diaspora
1746:
1698:
1667:
1646:
1637:
1623:
1553:
1530:
1516:
1507:
1457:
1447:
1445:
1415:
1414:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1349:Wayback Machine
1343:
1339:
1331:
1324:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1239:10.2307/2497223
1217:
1216:
1212:
1204:
1200:
1185:
1172:
1165:
1161:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1139:
1134:Wayback Machine
1125:
1121:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1088:
1084:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1021:Kola Norwegians
1012:
1007:
1001:
987:(11.1 %),
959:
903:
899:
897:
893:
891:
887:
885:
881:
873:
872:
871:
854:
848:
847:
846:
845:
841:
825:
706:Treaty of Tartu
688:After the 1917
672:
664:Main articles:
662:
639:
627:Gulf of Finland
625:, north of the
601:Finnic-speaking
538:
533:
476:Ingermanlandtsy
410:
334:
332:
313:
311:
292:
290:
271:
269:
250:
248:
229:
227:
211:
209:
175:
163:
150:(part of Finns)
148:
146:
142:
138:
131:
130:
129:
112:
106:
69:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Ingrian Finnish
15:
12:
11:
5:
3544:
3542:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3498:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3394:Astrakhan Jews
3391:
3386:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3170:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3151:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3137:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3062:
3061:
3060:
3053:
3041:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2979:Siberian Finns
2975:
2972:Murmansk Finns
2968:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2836:Tver Karelians
2833:
2827:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2781:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2745:
2733:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2719:
2712:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2635:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2607:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2584:
2583:
2576:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2536:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2434:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2396:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2334:
2333:
2326:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2253:
2251:
2242:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2150:Kuban Cossacks
2146:
2139:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2111:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2076:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2055:
2041:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2011:
2010:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1938:Crimean Tatars
1935:
1934:
1933:
1926:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1903:
1902:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1818:
1816:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1777:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1596:Murmansk Finns
1593:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1582:Siberian Finns
1579:
1574:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1503:
1498:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1476:
1471:
1465:
1463:
1459:
1458:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1421:
1413:
1412:
1367:Genome Biology
1352:
1337:
1322:
1319:on 2007-02-20.
1304:
1292:10.1086/235168
1284:10.1086/235168
1278:(4): 813–861.
1253:
1210:
1198:
1196:33.1, 107-113.
1170:
1159:
1148:
1137:
1119:
1108:
1093:
1082:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1056:Murmansk Finns
1053:
1048:
1046:Finland-Swedes
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1016:Siberian Finns
1011:
1008:
1000:
997:
995:(5.6 %).
958:
955:
898:
892:
886:
880:
850:
849:
843:
842:
835:
834:
828:
827:
826:
824:
821:
736:Kola Peninsula
677:rule, and the
661:
658:
638:
635:
631:Karelian Finns
619:Russian nobles
537:
534:
532:
529:
501:Swedish Empire
487:population of
465:Ингерманландцы
437:
436:
429:Siberian Finns
427:(particularly
403:
402:
398:
397:
387:
386:
382:
381:
355:
354:
350:
349:
343:
329:
328:
322:
308:
307:
301:
287:
286:
280:
266:
265:
259:
245:
244:
238:
224:
223:
220:
206:
205:
195:
194:
190:
189:
182:
181:
177:
176:
173:
165:
164:
161:
147:Ингерманландцы
136:
133:
132:
128:
127:
120:
109:
87:
84:
73:
70:
51:
50:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3543:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3506:Ingrian Finns
3504:
3503:
3501:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3419:Pontic Greeks
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3263:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3229:
3225:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3212:Mountain Jews
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3134:North Koreans
3131:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3072:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3058:
3057:Volga Germans
3054:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3039:Georgian Jews
3037:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3021:
3018:
3014:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2966:
2965:Ingrian Finns
2962:
2961:
2960:
2957:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2920:Bukharan Jews
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2692:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2570:
2567:
2566:Kalmak Tatars
2563:
2560:
2559:Eushta Tatars
2556:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2545:Baraba Tatars
2542:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2213:Mishar Tatars
2210:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2124:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2045:Mountain Mari
2042:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2008:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1814:nationalities
1809:
1805:
1798:
1793:
1791:
1786:
1784:
1779:
1778:
1775:
1763:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1641:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1491:United States
1489:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1264:
1257:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1225:Slavic Review
1221:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1112:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1086:
1083:
1076:
1071:
1068:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1006:
998:
996:
994:
990:
986:
982:
978:
975:
971:
967:
963:
956:
954:
952:
947:
944:
939:
937:
931:
928:
926:
925:Law of Return
922:
918:
914:
910:
877:
865:
861:
857:
853:
832:
822:
820:
818:
813:
811:
810:Urho Kekkonen
807:
803:
798:
794:
789:
786:
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
724:
722:
717:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
698:Soviet Russia
696:seceded from
695:
691:
686:
684:
680:
676:
671:
667:
659:
657:
655:
650:
648:
644:
636:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
611:
609:
605:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
585:Swedish realm
582:
579:(mostly from
578:
574:
573:
568:
564:
563:
558:
551:
547:
542:
535:
530:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
481:Ingrian Finns
477:
471:
462:
457:
452:
448:
444:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
409:
404:
399:
396:
392:
388:
383:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
351:
344:
342:
330:
323:
321:
309:
302:
300:
288:
281:
279:
267:
260:
258:
246:
239:
237:
225:
221:
219:
207:
204:
200:
196:
191:
183:
178:
171:
166:
159:
154:
145:
125:
121:
118:
110:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
85:
82:
78:
74:
72:
71:
65:
59:
57:
52:You can help
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
3207:Montenegrins
2964:
2895:Azerbaijanis
2731:Azerbaijanis
2186:Volga Tatars
2173:Tozhu Tuvans
2015:Komi-Permyak
1703:
1612:Tornedalians
1608:Forest Finns
1566:
1540:Forest Finns
1370:
1366:
1355:
1347:Archived at
1340:
1317:the original
1307:
1275:
1269:
1256:
1229:
1223:
1213:
1205:
1201:
1191:
1162:
1151:
1140:
1122:
1111:
1105:(in Swedish)
1096:
1085:
1079:(in Finnish)
1070:
1041:Sweden Finns
1031:Tornedalians
977:haplogroup H
960:
948:
940:
932:
929:
906:
814:
790:
787:
784:
780:Soviet Union
772:Miikkulainen
744:Central Asia
732:East Karelia
725:
718:
687:
683:World War II
673:
651:
642:
640:
612:
587:. They were
570:
560:
554:
517:Soviet Union
509:World War II
480:
451:inkeriläiset
442:
440:
423:, and other
408:Baltic Finns
144:inkeriläiset
143:
137:Ethnic group
99:edit summary
90:
61:
53:
3389:Armeno-Tats
3306:Ural Swedes
3192:Macedonians
3187:Lithuanians
3024:Mingrelians
2900:Belarusians
2882:Cherkesogai
2552:Chat Tatars
2048: [
2034: [
1684:Expatriates
1663:New Zealand
1638: [
1619:Switzerland
1554: [
1531: [
1232:(1): 1–16.
962:Autosomally
823:Present day
776:Cherepovets
760:Valkeasaari
756:Ural region
623:Old Finland
411:Especially
391:Lutheranism
63:(June 2023)
3500:Categories
3349:Vietnamese
3334:Ukrainians
3262:Ruska Roma
3236:Pakistanis
3222:Norwegians
3179:Latgalians
3089:Hungarians
3050:Mennonites
2915:Bulgarians
2798:Tabasarans
2292:Kamchadals
2238:Indigenous
2007:Izhma Komi
1953:Kabardians
1672:Categories
1572:Äyrämöiset
1373:(1): 139.
1193:GeoJournal
1062:References
1036:Skogfinner
800:after the
793:Winter War
740:Kazakhstan
613:After the
597:conversion
572:Äyrämöiset
546:Äyrämöiset
483:, are the
299:Kazakhstan
58:in Finnish
3480:Pumpokols
3295:Spaniards
3270:Romanians
3202:Moldovans
3149:Krymchaks
3084:Hamshenis
3003:Adjarians
2997:Georgians
2945:Estonians
2890:Assyrians
2876:Armenians
2866:Americans
2831:Besermyan
2749:Kubachins
2674:Chamalals
2653:Bagvalals
2515:Kumandins
2444:Hamnigans
2400:Izhorians
2392:Northwest
2362:Nganasans
2354:Khandeyar
2249:Far North
2220:Nağaybäks
2206:Kryashens
2102:Ossetians
2094:Khandeyar
1968:Karelians
1963:Karachays
1863:Telengits
1835:Natukhajs
1727:Livonians
1722:Karelians
1717:Izhorians
1712:Estonians
1679:Emigrants
1658:Australia
1469:Argentina
1389:1474-760X
1026:Karelians
966:Karelians
907:From the
868:Кингисепп
860:Kingisepp
726:In 1928,
654:Petrograd
608:Izhorians
567:Savonians
503:. In the
470:romanized
421:Estonians
413:Izhorians
353:Languages
117:talk page
32:Izhorians
3475:Meschera
3429:Sireniki
3370:Africans
3319:Turkmens
3290:Slovenes
3246:Persians
3173:Latvians
3104:Japanese
3099:Italians
2905:Bosniaks
2813:Tsakhurs
2785:Karagash
2778:Ak Nogai
2709:Khwarshi
2681:Godoberi
2667:Botlikhs
2632:Akhvakhs
2603:Dagestan
2593:Tofalars
2510:Kamasins
2462:Negidals
2430:Far East
2415:Vepsians
2377:Yukaghir
2317:Alyutors
2287:Itelmens
2262:Chukchis
2129:Cossacks
2123:Russians
2067:Mordvins
1923:Besleney
1917:Cherkess
1893:Chechens
1883:Bashkirs
1870:Tubalars
1856:Chelkans
1850:Altaians
1842:Shapsugs
1828:Bzhedugs
1754:See also
1737:Vepsians
1694:Refugees
1567:Ingrians
1501:Findians
1484:Findians
1462:Americas
1407:30241495
1130:Archived
1010:See also
974:maternal
970:Vepsians
957:Genetics
764:Lempaala
589:Lutheran
557:Izhorian
497:Lutheran
443:Ingrians
385:Religion
375:Estonian
141:Ingrians
93:provide
3445:Agrzhan
3424:Qaratay
3414:Korlaks
3354:Yazidis
3344:Uyghurs
3285:Slovaks
3241:Pamiris
3160:Kurmanj
3128:Koreans
3114:Kazakhs
3094:Indians
3044:Germans
3010:Ingiloy
2940:Dungans
2910:Britons
2861:Afghans
2767:Lezgins
2742:Kaitags
2736:Dargins
2702:Karatas
2695:Hunzibs
2688:Hinukhs
2660:Bezhtas
2611:Abazins
2588:Teleuts
2502:Siberia
2420:Votians
2367:Selkups
2312:Koryaks
2277:Dolgans
2272:Chuvans
2267:Chulyms
2240:peoples
2181:Udmurts
2073:Mokshas
1986:Abugach
1979:Koibals
1958:Kalmyks
1912:Chuvash
1907:Chukchi
1888:Buryats
1878:Balkars
1812:Titular
1742:Votians
1704:Related
1651:Oceania
1587:Korlaks
1577:Savakot
1398:6151024
1248:2497223
921:Finland
917:Estonia
864:Russian
817:Estonia
752:Estonia
734:or the
714:Finnish
710:Toksova
615:Russian
593:Swedish
581:Äyräpää
562:Savakot
550:Savakot
536:Origins
531:History
485:Finnish
472::
461:Russian
447:Finnish
433:Korlaks
379:Russian
367:Ingrian
359:Finnish
341:Belarus
320:Estonia
278:Ukraine
240:20,300
218:Finland
199:Finland
115:to the
97:in the
60:.
3465:Muroma
3399:Buzava
3339:Uzbeks
3314:Tajiks
3300:Swedes
3275:Rusyns
3168:Kyrgyz
3065:Greeks
2992:Gagauz
2987:French
2935:Czechs
2930:Cubans
2856:Abkhaz
2803:Talysh
2793:Rutuls
2772:Nogais
2757:Kumyks
2716:Tindis
2646:Archis
2616:Aghuls
2534:Soyots
2472:Orochs
2467:Nivkhs
2438:Evenks
2382:Yupiks
2348:Nenets
2343:Naukan
2330:Karaga
2307:Khanty
2297:Kereks
2257:Aleuts
2228:Yakuts
2191:Tatars
2167:Tuvans
2159:Pomors
2108:Digors
2088:Nenets
2080:Erzyas
1996:Khanty
1973:Khakas
1948:Ingush
1930:Ademey
1822:Adyghe
1603:Sweden
1551:Russia
1528:Norway
1521:Europe
1479:Canada
1474:Brazil
1405:
1395:
1387:
1290:
1246:
913:Russia
900:
894:
888:
882:
679:German
675:Soviet
647:Vyborg
569:; and
489:Ingria
406:Other
347:(2009)
338:
326:(2011)
317:
305:(2009)
296:
284:(2001)
275:
263:(2008)
261:4,500
257:Sweden
254:
242:(2010)
236:Russia
233:
222:25,000
215:
203:Russia
188:50,000
3470:Merya
3460:Kotts
3450:Asans
3384:Ainus
3324:Turks
3280:Serbs
3251:Poles
3217:Mugat
3154:Kurds
3071:Urums
3031:Svans
2959:Finns
2951:Setos
2871:Arabs
2823:Other
2639:Andis
2626:Avars
2520:Shors
2492:Ulchs
2487:Udege
2477:Oroks
2457:Nanai
2452:Evens
2410:Setos
2372:Yughs
2338:Mansi
2323:Apuka
2282:Enets
2115:Irons
2052:]
2038:]
2020:Mansi
1758:Finns
1642:]
1635:Japan
1562:]
1544:Kvens
1535:]
1298:JSTOR
1288:JSTOR
1266:(PDF)
1244:JSTOR
1051:Kvens
768:Vuole
604:Votes
425:Finns
417:Votes
371:Votic
77:DeepL
3455:Chud
3329:Udis
3256:Roma
3109:Jews
2808:Tats
2762:Laks
2723:Tsez
2405:Sámi
2302:Kets
2189:(as
2025:Mari
2001:Komi
1760:and
1732:Sámi
1628:Asia
1496:list
1403:PMID
1385:ISSN
968:and
915:and
808:and
770:and
719:The
712:and
668:and
606:and
548:and
441:The
431:and
345:151
324:369
303:373
282:768
91:must
89:You
3079:Han
3017:Laz
2526:Aba
2482:Taz
1393:PMC
1375:doi
1280:doi
1234:doi
919:to
656:).
365:),
79:or
3502::
2050:ru
2036:ru
1640:ja
1610:,
1560:ru
1558:;
1556:fi
1542:,
1533:fi
1401:.
1391:.
1383:.
1371:19
1369:.
1365:.
1325:^
1286:.
1276:70
1274:.
1268:.
1242:.
1230:38
1228:.
1222:.
1190:.
1173:^
981:U5
953:.
866::
819:.
812:.
782:.
766:,
762:,
633:.
527:.
467:,
463::
459:;
453:,
449::
435:)
419:,
415:,
393:,
377:,
373:,
369:,
201:,
186:c.
2193:)
1796:e
1789:t
1782:v
1440:e
1433:t
1426:v
1409:.
1377::
1294:.
1282::
1250:.
1236::
993:W
989:V
985:T
870:)
862:(
445:(
361:(
126:.
119:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
