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1649:. In the early decades of the sugarcane-driven migrations, the working conditions for the indentured Indian workers were abysmal, due in large part to the lack of care among the planters.. They were confined to their estates and paid a pitiful salary. Any breach of contract brought automatic criminal penalties and imprisonment. Many of these were brought away from their homelands deceptively. Many from inland regions over a thousand kilometers from seaports were promised jobs, were not told the work they were being hired for, or that they would leave their homeland and communities. They were hustled aboard the waiting ships, unprepared for the long and arduous four-month sea journey. Charles Anderson, a special magistrate investigating these sugarcane plantations, wrote to the
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system, married Indian women were excused from work on the plantations and planters were required to give them medical care and rations. However, the colonial government did not recognize Hindu or Muslim marriages until the 1940s, so many married women were categorized as single and did not receive the few privileges given to married women. Married women who did not have to work in the fields took care of children and expenses. Women who worked were paid less than men.
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to dominate the sugar industry. Encouraging Indian people to stay in the
Caribbean also cut the costs required to bring Indian people back to India. As indentureships ended, the Indian men who had come to work as indentured laborers were given small parcels of land to encourage settlement. Another method of encouraging settlement was to encourage more Indian women to immigrate, since permanent settlement was no longer being discouraged by the colonial powers.
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St. Lucia and many
Caribbean countries have dedicated commemorative days to acknowledge the arrival and important contributions of their Indo-Caribbean populations. St. Lucia celebrates its Indo-Caribbean heritage on May 6. Other dates when India Arrival Day is celebrated in the Caribbean include May
1750:
Indian women who were recruited and immigrated to the
Caribbean were for the most part married women joining their husbands, single women, women who had been widowed, women trying to escape poverty, and women prostitutes from the cities of Calcutta and Chennai, then called Madras. Under the indenture
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declaring that with few exceptions, the indentured labourers are treated with great and unjust severity; European planters enforced work in sugarcane farms so harshly, that the decaying remains of immigrants were frequently discovered in sugarcane fields. If indentured labourers protested and refused
1657:
The sugarcane plantation-driven migrations led to ethnically significant presence of
Indians in Caribbean. In some islands and countries, these Indo-Caribbean migrants now constitute a significant proportion of the population. Sugarcane plantations and citizens of Indian origin continue to thrive in
1746:
In the late 1800s, there was a change in policy. The late 1880s saw competition in the sugar industry from
European beet sugar, and the colonial government knew that having a settled, immobile group of Indian people to exploit for labor would be highly profitable and advantageous in the competition
1742:
Additionally, the colonial powers present in the
Caribbean were not initially interested in convincing Indian women to immigrate. Colonialists saw indentureship as a temporary replacement for the labor that had previously been done by enslaved African people. Their goal was to use Indian men for
1734:
The ratio of female to male
Indians coming to the Caribbean was for many years extremely low, 3:100 in 1938. The Indian government and the Colonial Office set up a quota system that dictated how many Indian women came to the Caribbean. In 1870, the quota called for 40 Indian women for every 100
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In 2003, Martinique celebrated the 150th anniversary of Indian arrival. Guadeloupe did the same in 2004. These celebrations were not the fact of just the Indian minority, but the official recognition by the French and local authorities of their integration and their wide-scale contributions in
1738:
It was more expensive for agents to recruit Indian women than men, because not many Indian women wanted to leave India. It was more socially acceptable in India for men to emigrate and seek work. Women were not encouraged to do the same. Another factor dissuading Indian women from going to the
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during the colonial era from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century. A minority of them are descendants from people who immigrated as entrepreneurs, businesspeople, merchants, engineers, doctors, religious leaders, students, and other professional occupations beginning in the mid-20th
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labor. They did not want Indian people to start families in the
Caribbean, which would establish Indian culture and people as a lasting presence in the Caribbean, undermining the power of the indenture system to control all aspects of the laborer's lives and force them into subjugation.
3087:- a movement-building organization, led by Indo-Caribbean women, committed to fighting gender-based violence and advocating for reproductive justice. Jahajee Sisters fosters solidarity and empowerment through dialogue, arts, leadership development and grassroots organizing.
1763:
Indian indentured laborers worked for decades for meagre wages in sugar cane plantations of the Dutch East Indies. This image from
Tropenmuseum Royal Tropical Institute shows two Indo-Caribbean people walking towards the house of a Dutch engineer in a Caribbean sugar cane
1626:, many formerly enslaved people left their enslavers. This created an economic chaos for European planters in the Caribbean and Indian Ocean. The hard work in hot, humid farms required a regular, docile and low-waged labour force, which led to the creation of the
1717:
Though production was centered in the
Caribbean, sugarcane production played a significant role in pre-World War II global politics and population movements. France, for example, negotiated with Britain leading to Act XLVI of 1860, whereby large numbers of
1739:
Caribbean was the invasive medical examination administered upon arrival, which involved inspection of genitals. Many women did not want to have to undergo this examination and many men would not have wanted this to happen to their wives.
1630:. Poor economic conditions in India led to many Indians to look for sources of work. In this system, Indians were taken to British, French and Dutch colonies around the world, including in the Caribbean, to work on
1262:, meaning hired laborer, was used in the plantation society of the late 19th to early 20th century, however in the present-day it is considered a derogatory way to refer to Indo-Caribbean people and is considered a
2337:
Many Indo-Caribbean people refer to themselves as East Indian West Indians, Indo-West Indians, or East and West Indians, especially in the diaspora, and many name their businesses that cater to the community as
3093:- an online archive and living syllabus of text-based resources related to Indian indentureship, with country-specific resources related to Indians indentured to the Caribbean and the Indo-Caribbean diaspora
1714:. By some estimates, over 2.5 million people in the Caribbean are of Indian origin. Many have ethnically blended with migrants from other parts of the world, creating a unique syncretic culture.
1735:
Indian men, a quota that often was not met. In total, only 25% of all Indians who emigrated to the Caribbean were women. There were several reasons for fewer Indian women than men emigrating.
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and other islands with duty-free commercial capabilities, where they are active in business. Other Indo-Caribbean people descend from later migrants, including Indian doctors,
1637:
The first ships carrying indentured labourers for sugarcane plantations left India in 1838 for the Caribbean region. In fact, the first two shiploads of Indians arrived in
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A 19th-century lithograph by Theodore Bray showing workers harvesting sugarcane on a Caribbean plantation; on the right is the European overseer.
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The indentured Indians and their descendants have actively contributed to the evolution of their adopted lands in spite of many difficulties.
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in the Caribbean region. The Caribbean colonies of the Netherlands too benefitted from the indentured laborers from India.
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1126:. Most of the Indians in the French West Indies are of South Indian origin. Later immigrants to the Caribbean came from
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3081:- a 501(c)3 non-profit organization providing services and advocacy to New York City's growing Indo-Caribbean community
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various fields including agriculture, education, and politics, and to the diversification of the culture of the
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2200:. Thus, the noted participation of the whole multi-ethnic population of the two islands were in these events.
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plantations motivated large-scale near-enslavement and forced migrations in the 19th and early 20th century.
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5 (Guyana), May 10 (Jamaica), May 30 (Trinidad and Tobago), June 1 (St. Vincent), and June 5 (Suriname).
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2095:, a noted centre of Hindu and Indo-Trinidadian culture; it is the largest statue of Hanuman outside of
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In recent years, attempts to commemorate the Indian presence and contributions have come to fruition:
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1970:. Small groups also exist in Haiti, where they are sometimes mistakenly referred to as "mulattos".
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Indo-Caribbean people comprise the largest ethnic group in Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, and
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A Question of Labour: Indentured Immigration Into Trinidad & British Guiana, 1875-1917
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1999:
1847:
1422:
1397:
1305:
1043:
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1181:, with smaller numbers in other Caribbean countries and, following further migration, in
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Gupta, Bashabi (2011). "Indian Diaspora in the United States: Brain Drain or Gain?".
2832:"Brown, Desi, South Asian: Diaspora reflects on the terms that represent, erase them"
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In 1995, Jamaica started to celebrate the arrival of Indians in Old Harbour Bay,
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1645:) on May 5, 1838, on board the Whitby and Hesperus. These ships had sailed from
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2360:"TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 2011 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS DEMOGRAPHIC REPORT"
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South Asian Indentured Labor - Online Archive of Research and Resources
2460:. Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE)
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Many Caribbean islands celebrate traditional Indian festivals, such as
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to address the demand for sugar cane plantation labour following the
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2735:"TRINIDAD NATIVE'S GROCERY STORE CATERS TO HIS CUSTOMERS' CULTURES"
2440:"Suriname Indians in the Netherlands – the Indian in Them Lives on"
1722:
indentured labourers were brought for sugarcane plantation work in
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2003:
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Indo-Caribbean Indenture: Resistance And Accommodation, 1838-1920
4257:
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3002:. The National Archives, Government of the United Kingdom. 2010.
2921:. The National Archives, Government of the United Kingdom. 2010.
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1226:
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3026:. Canada: University of the West Indies Press. pp. 91–96.
2652:"The Afghan Muslims of Guyana and Suriname - Caribbean Muslims"
1571:
From 1838 to 1917, over half a million Indians from the former
1042:
Indo-Caribbean people largely trace their ancestry back to the
1767:
2852:"Caribbean desis aren't feelin' the love | Sepia Mutiny"
2415:"Indo-Caribbean Times December 2007 - Kidnapping - Venezuela"
1583:, were taken to thirteen mainland and island nations in the
1563:
Indo-Caribbean people in the 19th century celebrating the
2894:"A History of Indentured Labor Gives 'Coolie' Its Sting"
2160:
each year since the 1990s. It was first celebrated in
2627:"HISTORY OF MY PEOPLE: The Afghan Muslims of Guyana"
1866:. About twenty percent (20%) of the indentured were
1654:
to work, they were not paid or fed by the planters.
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2813:"Priyas East West Indian & Sri Lankan Grocery"
2505:"The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency"
1500:Mixed Ethnicities of Partial Indo-Caribbean origin
2775:"D. Pokhai American East and West Indian Grocery"
1514:(a.k.a. Tegli; mixed Indian and Hispanic/Latino)
1470:Secondary/Migrant Workers Indo-Caribbean Diaspora
1192:Indo-Caribbean people may also be referred to as
3085:Jahajee Sisters: Empowering Indo-Caribbean Women
1165:-speaking Caribbean nations, the Dutch-speaking
2868:Post-Colonial Trinidad: An Ethnographic Journal
2552:"Ethnic Groups - Cayman Islands Headline News"
2279:Indian Caribbean Museum of Trinidad and Tobago
1520:(mixed Indian and Hispanic/Latino in the U.S.)
1082:. Other notable regions of origin may include
1070:, with a significant minority coming from the
4333:
3112:
2793:"Homeland East & West Indian Supermarket"
8:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2126:List of Hindu temples in Trinidad and Tobago
33:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2106:Central Vaidic Mandir in Georgetown, Guyana
2018:Indo-Caribbean people have migrated to the
1802:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1393:Indians in the United States Virgin Islands
4814:
4617:
4443:
4372:
4340:
4326:
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4140:
3882:
3548:
3279:
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2557:. Cayman Islands Ethnic Groups. 2022-02-25
2172:. It commemorates the first arrivals from
2164:and then other countries with significant
1834:The majority of the Indians living in the
745:Languages spoken by more recent immigrants
32:
1978:Modern-day immigrants from India (mostly
1885:A minority emigrated from other parts of
1822:Learn how and when to remove this message
1599:Sugarcane plantations in the 19th century
1277:highlights major Indo-Caribbean subgroups
4308:of France in the southwest Pacific Ocean
2082:
1730:Arrival of Indian Women in the Caribbean
150:Indo-Caribbean people in the Netherlands
4295:of France in the southwest Indian Ocean
2351:
2330:
1567:in West Indies through dance and music.
1169:and the French overseas departments of
1161:Most Indo-Caribbean people live in the
2980:
2978:
2830:Venkatraman, Sakshi (6 October 2021).
3017:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3009:
2069:decorations from Trinidad and Tobago.
1907:They are the second largest group in
7:
2988:. Caribbean Repeating Islands. 2009.
2892:Gandhi, Lakshmi (25 November 2013).
2511:from the original on 24 January 2021
1930:There are also small communities in
1800:adding citations to reliable sources
1537:Eurasian (mixed Indian and European)
49:Regions with significant populations
2733:Wallace, David (24 February 1987).
2602:Indian Ministry of External Affairs
2598:"Indo-Dominican Republic Relations"
1518:Asian Hispanic and Latino Americans
975:Indian diaspora in Southeast Africa
5033:Caribbean people of Indian descent
1546:Indo-Amerindian (mixed Indian and
1218:Indo-Caribbean people were called
651:Trinidadian and Tobagonian English
27:Caribbean people of Indian descent
25:
2696:"Bedessee East West Indian Foods"
1387:Indo–Trinidadians and Tobagonians
1301:Indians in the Dominican Republic
5043:Indian diaspora in the Caribbean
4365:
3352:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
3128:
2986:"St. Lucia's Indian Arrival Day"
2716:"SILAR'S EAST AND WEST FASHIONS"
2650:Chickrie, Raymond (2007-08-17).
2396:"Final 2012 Census Compendium 2"
2228:
2214:
1913:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1772:
1376:Indians in Saint Kitts and Nevis
1011:who trace their ancestry to the
616:
596:
576:
556:
536:
516:
496:
476:
456:
436:
416:
396:
376:
356:
344:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
336:
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249:
230:
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183:
160:
132:
104:
80:
56:
2180:, on May 30, 1845, on the ship
1435:Primary Indo-Caribbean Diaspora
1058:, in the present-day states of
176:(a plurality of the population)
96:(a plurality of the population)
72:(a plurality of the population)
5038:Ethnic groups in the Caribbean
2002:businessmen and migrants from
1982:merchants) are to be found on
1015:. They are descendants of the
1:
3079:Indo-Caribbean Alliance, Inc.
3000:"Indian indentured labourers"
2936:. Hansib Publishing, London.
2755:"New East & West Fashion"
2672:"who are the indo-caribbeans"
1622:Following the passage of the
1543:(mixed Indian and Portuguese)
1456:British Indo-Caribbean people
1291:Indians in the Cayman Islands
935:British Indo-Caribbean people
266:British Indo-Caribbean people
3022:Roopnarine, Lomarsh (2007).
2701:New Times Broward-Palm Beach
2480:"Guadeloupe Population 2022"
2042:, and to other parts of the
1486:Indian immigration to Brazil
1208:South Asian Caribbean people
1074:regions, mostly present-day
2274:Hinduism in the West Indies
2122:Hinduism in the West Indies
821:Other South Asian languages
5059:
2865:Clarke, C. (24 May 2010).
2294:Indians in the Netherlands
2119:
1836:English-speaking Caribbean
1624:1833 Slavery Abolition Act
1534:(mixed Indian and African)
1528:(mixed Indian and Chinese)
1508:(mixed Indian and British)
1463:Indians in the Netherlands
1026:, who were brought by the
950:Indians in the Netherlands
4766:Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriacs
4301:of France in the Americas
4287:
4270:Non-Resident Indian Award
2676:Rajkumari Cultural Center
1850:, while those brought to
910:
834:
638:
43:
4306:sui generis collectivity
2586:Foreign Relation Bahamas
2454:"Statistiques ethniques"
2168:whose ancestors came as
1889:, including present-day
1755:Post World War II trends
1449:Indo-Caribbean Canadians
1442:Indo-Caribbean Americans
1429:Indians in French Guiana
1331:Indo- Saint Barthélemois
1199:East Indian West Indians
930:Indo-Caribbean Americans
200:Indo-Caribbean Canadians
122:Indo-Caribbean Americans
4275:Non-Resident Indian Day
2484:World Population Review
1628:Indian indenture system
1005:Indian-Caribbean people
701:Antillean French Creole
656:Guyanese English Creole
4246:Other related articles
2631:www.islamawareness.net
2117:
2107:
2099:
2080:
2070:
1974:Contemporary migration
1765:
1608:
1568:
990:Asian Caribbean people
524:British Virgin Islands
3342:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2961:. St Martin's Press.
2934:New System of Slavery
2779:Chamberofcommerce.com
2720:Visit Fort Lauderdale
2113:
2105:
2086:
2076:
2060:
1762:
1606:
1562:
1512:Asian Latin Americans
1311:Indo- Sint Maartener
1204:Caribbean Hindustanis
1154:, and other parts of
1088:Western Uttar Pradesh
1001:Indo-Caribbean people
960:Indian South Africans
906:Related ethnic groups
484:Saint Kitts and Nevis
34:Indo-Caribbean people
4299:Overseas departments
4253:South Asian diaspora
3866:United Arab Emirates
2932:Hugh Tinker (1993).
2309:South Asian diaspora
2299:Indo-Caribbean music
2264:Caribbean Hindustani
2244:Anglophone Caribbean
2190:St. Catherine Parish
2130:Indo-Caribbean music
1968:Netherlands Antilles
1796:improve this section
1593:abolition of slavery
1491:Indians in Argentina
1476:Indians in Venezuela
1316:Indo- Saint Martiner
1158:as free immigrants.
920:South Asian diaspora
849:Significant Minority
729:Caribbean Hindustani
4927:Hispanic and Latino
4293:overseas department
3367:U.S. Virgin Islands
3362:Trinidad and Tobago
2957:K Laurence (1994).
2178:Trinidad and Tobago
2170:indentured laborers
2162:Trinidad and Tobago
2158:Trinidad and Tobago
2115:Mosque Keizerstraat
2065:, as shown in this
1936:Antigua and Barbuda
1876:Trinidad and Tobago
1672:Trinidad and Tobago
1495:Indians in Colombia
1286:Indians in Barbados
1020:indentured laborers
1013:Indian subcontinent
980:Indian Singaporeans
766:South Asian English
752:Standard Hindustani
544:U.S. Virgin Islands
64:Trinidad and Tobago
35:
3302:Dominican Republic
2376:on 19 October 2017
2304:Lalla Rookh Museum
2146:Indian Arrival Day
2118:
2108:
2100:
2081:
2071:
1960:Dominican Republic
1858:were largely from
1838:came from eastern
1766:
1658:countries such as
1651:Colonial Secretary
1609:
1589:indentured workers
1569:
1404:Mainland Caribbean
1356:Indo-Guadeloupeans
1007:are people in the
640:Colonial Languages
604:Dominican Republic
5020:
5019:
5016:
5015:
4804:
4803:
4712:
4711:
4609:
4608:
4592:Sri Lankan Tamils
4315:
4314:
4283:
4282:
4052:
4051:
3874:
3873:
3540:
3539:
3271:
3270:
3033:978-976-640-185-6
2968:978-0-312-12172-3
2943:978-1-870518-18-5
2078:Temple in the Sea
1846:which are mostly
1832:
1831:
1824:
1555:Migration history
1481:Indians in Panama
1381:Indo-Saint Lucian
1371:Indo-Martiniquais
1326:Indo- Anguillians
1280:Caribbean Islands
1194:Caribbean Indians
998:
997:
985:Malaysian Indians
647:Caribbean English
16:(Redirected from
5050:
4985:Southeast Asians
4815:
4618:
4444:
4373:
4369:
4342:
4335:
4328:
4319:
4145:Ethnic diasporas
4141:
3883:
3549:
3464:British Columbia
3280:
3146:
3133:
3132:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3098:
3068:
3053:Diaspora Studies
3038:
3037:
3019:
3004:
3003:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2982:
2973:
2972:
2954:
2948:
2947:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2915:
2902:
2901:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2827:
2821:
2820:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2771:
2765:
2764:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2682:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2623:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2594:
2588:
2583:
2577:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2556:
2548:
2542:
2537:
2531:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2411:
2400:
2399:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2375:
2369:. Archived from
2364:
2356:
2339:
2335:
2238:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2224:
2222:Caribbean portal
2219:
2218:
2217:
1874:particularly in
1827:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1807:
1776:
1768:
1341:Indo- Bonairians
1216:first-generation
940:Indian Americans
722:Indian Languages
691:Surinamese Dutch
681:Canadian English
676:American English
626:
622:
620:
619:
606:
602:
600:
599:
586:
582:
580:
579:
566:
562:
560:
559:
546:
542:
540:
539:
526:
522:
520:
519:
506:
502:
500:
499:
486:
482:
480:
479:
466:
462:
460:
459:
446:
442:
440:
439:
426:
422:
420:
419:
406:
402:
400:
399:
386:
382:
380:
379:
366:
362:
360:
359:
346:
342:
340:
339:
326:
322:
320:
319:
306:
302:
300:
299:
286:
282:
280:
279:
269:
255:
253:
252:
240:
236:
234:
233:
220:
216:
214:
213:
203:
189:
187:
186:
177:
170:
166:
164:
163:
153:
142:
138:
136:
135:
125:
114:
110:
108:
107:
97:
90:
86:
84:
83:
73:
66:
62:
60:
59:
39:Total population
36:
21:
5058:
5057:
5053:
5052:
5051:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5023:
5022:
5021:
5012:
4991:
4938:
4834:
4810:
4800:
4708:
4642:
4605:
4493:
4433:
4397:
4364:
4362:
4356:
4354:Asian diasporas
4346:
4316:
4311:
4279:
4241:
4132:
4048:
3966:
3923:
3902:
3870:
3802:
3766:
3617:
3536:
3515:Punjabi Mexican
3427:
3371:
3267:
3226:
3137:
3135:Indian diaspora
3127:
3125:
3075:
3050:
3047:
3045:Further reading
3042:
3041:
3034:
3021:
3020:
3007:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2984:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2944:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2919:"Forced Labour"
2917:
2916:
2905:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2879:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2760:Yellowpages.com
2753:
2752:
2748:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2680:
2678:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2656:
2654:
2649:
2648:
2644:
2635:
2633:
2625:
2624:
2620:
2613:
2609:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2584:
2580:
2573:
2569:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2538:
2534:
2527:
2523:
2514:
2512:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2423:
2421:
2413:
2412:
2403:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2379:
2377:
2373:
2362:
2358:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2342:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2284:Indian diaspora
2254:Bhojpuri people
2234:
2229:
2227:
2220:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2140:
2132:
2055:
2016:
1976:
1828:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1793:
1777:
1757:
1732:
1724:French colonies
1601:
1557:
1423:Indo-Surinamese
1398:Indo-Vincentian
1351:Indo- Curaçaoan
1306:Indo-Grenadians
1296:Indians in Cuba
1278:
1272:
1212:Caribbean Desis
1050:regions of the
994:
970:Indo-Mauritians
955:British Indians
925:Indian diaspora
901:
865:
847:
825:
743:
720:
706:Standard French
686:British English
666:Jamaican Patois
649:(predominantly
617:
615:
614:
597:
595:
594:
577:
575:
574:
557:
555:
554:
537:
535:
534:
517:
515:
514:
497:
495:
494:
477:
475:
474:
457:
455:
454:
437:
435:
434:
417:
415:
414:
397:
395:
394:
377:
375:
374:
357:
355:
354:
337:
335:
334:
317:
315:
314:
297:
295:
294:
277:
275:
274:
263:
262:
250:
248:
231:
229:
228:
211:
209:
208:
197:
196:
184:
182:
175:
174:
161:
159:
158:
147:
146:
133:
131:
130:
119:
118:
105:
103:
102:
95:
94:
81:
79:
78:
71:
70:
57:
55:
54:
31:
28:
23:
22:
18:Indo-Caribbeans
15:
12:
11:
5:
5056:
5054:
5046:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5025:
5024:
5018:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5005:
4999:
4997:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4989:
4988:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4970:Central Asians
4965:United Kingdom
4962:
4957:
4952:
4946:
4944:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4929:
4919:
4914:
4913:
4912:
4907:
4905:Indo-Caribbean
4902:
4897:
4887:
4886:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4821:
4819:
4812:
4806:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4720:
4718:
4714:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4661:
4656:
4650:
4648:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4624:
4622:
4615:
4611:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4603:
4602:
4601:
4596:
4595:
4594:
4584:
4583:
4582:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4450:
4448:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4405:
4403:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4379:
4377:
4370:
4358:
4357:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4337:
4330:
4322:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4302:
4296:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4216:
4215:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4149:
4147:
4138:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4098:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4022:Indo-Caribbean
4019:
4012:United Kingdom
4009:
4004:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3937:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3895:
3889:
3887:
3880:
3876:
3875:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3821:
3816:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3774:
3772:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3747:
3737:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3676:Jawi Peranakan
3673:
3668:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3636:
3631:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3555:
3553:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3500:Indo-Caribbean
3497:
3492:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3288:
3286:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3197:
3187:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3165:
3160:
3154:
3152:
3143:
3139:
3138:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3074:
3073:External links
3071:
3070:
3069:
3059:(1): 139–154.
3046:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3032:
3005:
2991:
2974:
2967:
2949:
2942:
2924:
2903:
2884:
2877:
2857:
2843:
2822:
2804:
2784:
2766:
2746:
2725:
2707:
2687:
2663:
2642:
2618:
2607:
2589:
2578:
2567:
2543:
2532:
2521:
2496:
2471:
2445:
2431:
2401:
2387:
2367:Guardian.co.tt
2350:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2314:Tamil diaspora
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2259:Bombay (mango)
2256:
2251:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2225:
2209:
2206:
2198:Creole peoples
2152:celebrated on
2139:
2136:
2054:
2051:
2036:United Kingdom
2015:
2012:
1975:
1972:
1860:Andhra Pradesh
1848:Hindi-speakers
1830:
1829:
1780:
1778:
1771:
1756:
1753:
1731:
1728:
1664:British Guiana
1639:British Guiana
1600:
1597:
1581:Colonial India
1565:Indian culture
1556:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1544:
1538:
1535:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1509:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1467:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1410:Indo-Belizeans
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1366:Indo-Jamaicans
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1271:
1268:
1104:Madhya Pradesh
1080:Andhra Pradesh
996:
995:
993:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
945:Indo-Canadians
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
911:
908:
907:
903:
902:
900:
899:
896:
891:
889:Zoroastrianism
886:
881:
876:
870:
867:Other Minority
864:
863:
858:
852:
846:
845:
839:
832:
831:
827:
826:
824:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
748:
742:
741:
736:
731:
725:
719:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
696:Standard Dutch
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
663:
658:
653:
643:
636:
635:
631:
630:
627:
611:
610:
607:
591:
590:
587:
571:
570:
567:
551:
550:
547:
531:
530:
527:
511:
510:
507:
504:Cayman Islands
491:
490:
487:
471:
470:
467:
451:
450:
447:
431:
430:
427:
411:
410:
407:
391:
390:
387:
371:
370:
367:
351:
350:
347:
331:
330:
327:
311:
310:
307:
291:
290:
287:
271:
270:
259:
257:United Kingdom
245:
244:
241:
225:
224:
221:
205:
204:
193:
179:
178:
171:
155:
154:
143:
127:
126:
115:
99:
98:
91:
75:
74:
67:
51:
50:
46:
45:
44:c. 1.5 million
41:
40:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5055:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4941:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4922:United States
4920:
4918:
4915:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4888:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4860:
4859:
4858:Latin America
4856:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4837:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4813:
4807:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4786:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4715:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4645:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4619:
4616:
4612:
4600:
4597:
4593:
4590:
4589:
4588:
4585:
4581:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4571:
4570:South Indians
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4510:Bengali Hindu
4508:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4374:
4371:
4368:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4343:
4338:
4336:
4331:
4329:
4324:
4323:
4320:
4307:
4303:
4300:
4297:
4294:
4290:
4289:
4286:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4203:South Indians
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4153:Bengali Hindu
4151:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4142:
4139:
4135:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4107:New Caledonia
4106:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4066:
4065:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4055:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3988:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3877:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3719:
3716:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3543:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3483:United States
3481:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3432:Anglo-America
3430:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3398:French Guiana
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3376:Latin America
3374:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3281:
3278:
3274:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3122:
3117:
3115:
3110:
3108:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3035:
3029:
3025:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3001:
2995:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2964:
2960:
2953:
2950:
2945:
2939:
2935:
2928:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2888:
2885:
2880:
2878:9780230106857
2874:
2870:
2869:
2861:
2858:
2853:
2847:
2844:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2826:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2767:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2729:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2711:
2708:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2664:
2653:
2646:
2643:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2553:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2497:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2432:
2420:
2416:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2345:
2334:
2331:
2324:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2289:Indian people
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2249:Awadhi people
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2226:
2223:
2212:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2166:Indian people
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2138:Commemoration
2137:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2112:
2104:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2087:The 26-meter
2085:
2079:
2075:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2048:Latin America
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2020:United States
2013:
2011:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1952:French Guiana
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1840:Uttar Pradesh
1837:
1826:
1823:
1815:
1812:November 2022
1805:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1781:This section
1779:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1761:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1680:French Guiana
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1634:plantations.
1633:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1605:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1577:British India
1574:
1566:
1561:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1416:Indo-Guyanese
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1361:Indo-Haitians
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1346:Indo- Arubans
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1336:Indio- Sabian
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1321:Indo- Statian
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1183:North America
1180:
1179:French Guiana
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1060:Uttar Pradesh
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1024:British India
1021:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
915:Indian people
913:
912:
909:
904:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
871:
868:
862:
859:
857:
854:
853:
850:
844:
841:
840:
837:
833:
828:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
761:
757:
753:
750:
749:
746:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
726:
723:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
671:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
648:
645:
644:
641:
637:
632:
628:
625:
612:
608:
605:
592:
588:
585:
572:
568:
565:
552:
548:
545:
532:
528:
525:
512:
508:
505:
492:
488:
485:
472:
468:
465:
452:
448:
445:
432:
428:
425:
412:
408:
405:
392:
388:
385:
372:
368:
365:
352:
348:
345:
332:
328:
325:
312:
308:
305:
304:French Guiana
292:
288:
285:
272:
267:
260:
258:
246:
242:
239:
226:
222:
219:
206:
201:
194:
192:
180:
172:
169:
156:
151:
144:
141:
128:
123:
116:
113:
112:United States
100:
92:
89:
76:
68:
65:
52:
47:
42:
37:
19:
4980:South Asians
4904:
4830:South Africa
4638:Singaporeans
4459:Bangladeshis
4265:Little India
4232:Anglo-Indian
4116:Maori-Indian
4101:South Indian
3856:Saudi Arabia
3487:
3444:Anglo-Indian
3283:
3253:South Africa
3056:
3052:
3023:
2994:
2958:
2952:
2933:
2927:
2897:
2887:
2871:. Springer.
2867:
2860:
2846:
2835:
2825:
2816:
2807:
2796:
2787:
2778:
2769:
2758:
2749:
2740:Sun-Sentinel
2738:
2728:
2719:
2710:
2699:
2690:
2679:. Retrieved
2675:
2666:
2655:. Retrieved
2645:
2634:. Retrieved
2630:
2621:
2610:
2592:
2581:
2570:
2559:. Retrieved
2546:
2535:
2524:
2513:. Retrieved
2499:
2487:. Retrieved
2483:
2474:
2462:. Retrieved
2457:
2448:
2434:
2422:. Retrieved
2418:
2398:. July 2016.
2390:
2378:. Retrieved
2371:the original
2366:
2354:
2333:
2236:India portal
2202:
2194:
2187:
2183:Fatel Razack
2181:
2144:
2141:
2133:
2093:Carapichaima
2067:Divali Nagar
2017:
1988:Sint Maarten
1984:Saint-Martin
1977:
1929:
1906:
1899:
1884:
1842:and western
1833:
1818:
1809:
1794:Please help
1782:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1716:
1662:, formerly,
1656:
1641:(modern-day
1636:
1621:
1610:
1570:
1506:Anglo-Indian
1499:
1498:
1469:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1421:
1414:
1403:
1402:
1385:
1279:
1274:
1273:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1193:
1191:
1160:
1116:Pashtunistan
1100:Chota Nagpur
1072:South Indian
1041:
1004:
1000:
999:
965:Indo-Fijians
866:
861:Christianity
848:
835:
744:
721:
661:Sranan Tongo
639:
464:Saint Martin
384:Sint Maarten
30:Ethnic group
5008:New Zealand
4975:East Asians
4771:Azerbaijani
4744:Palestinian
4689:Minangkabau
4628:Indonesians
4580:In the Gulf
4484:Sri Lankans
4213:In the Gulf
4111:New Zealand
4007:Switzerland
4002:Netherlands
3735:Philippines
3559:Afghanistan
3489:by location
3347:Saint Lucia
2507:. Cia.gov.
2192:on May 13.
2028:Netherlands
1964:Puerto Rico
1940:The Bahamas
1917:Saint Lucia
1911:, Grenada,
1764:plantation.
1696:St. Vincent
1573:British Raj
1541:Luso-Indian
1152:South India
1148:Maharashtra
1056:North India
404:Puerto Rico
364:Saint Lucia
140:Netherlands
5027:Categories
4704:Vietnamese
4633:Malaysians
4479:Pakistanis
4469:Maldivians
4388:Mongolians
3644:Klingalese
3571:Bangladesh
3337:Martinique
3312:Guadeloupe
3200:Seychelles
3185:Mozambique
3163:Madagascar
2681:2024-05-22
2657:2024-05-22
2636:2024-05-22
2616:mea.gov.in
2576:mea.gov.in
2561:2022-05-25
2541:mea.gov.in
2530:mea.gov.in
2515:2017-09-25
2346:References
2120:See also:
1992:St. Thomas
1925:Guadeloupe
1921:Martinique
1895:Bangladesh
1887:South Asia
1864:Tamil Nadu
1856:Martinique
1852:Guadeloupe
1684:Guadeloupe
1676:Martinique
1611:Much like
1548:Amerindian
1270:Sub-groups
1264:pejorative
1233:Hindustani
1175:Martinique
1171:Guadeloupe
1156:South Asia
1076:Tamil Nadu
1052:Hindi Belt
1039:century.
711:Papiamento
238:Guadeloupe
218:Martinique
5003:Australia
4890:Caribbean
4863:Argentina
4811:residence
4694:Moluccans
4664:Filipinos
4647:Ethnicity
4614:Southeast
4575:Malayalis
4515:Gujaratis
4498:Ethnicity
4429:Taiwanese
4424:Ryukyuans
4361:By origin
4348:Overseas
4237:Chindians
4208:Malayalis
4064:Australia
3783:Hong Kong
3740:Singapore
3649:Mardijker
3639:Indonesia
3622:Southeast
3591:Sri Lanka
3469:Vancouver
3423:Venezuela
3383:Argentina
3284:Caribbean
3231:Elsewhere
3168:Mauritius
3150:Southeast
3065:0973-9572
2817:Looktamil
2424:17 August
2091:murti in
2044:Caribbean
1783:does not
1704:St. Croix
1700:St. Kitts
1692:St. Lucia
1632:cash crop
1617:sugarcane
1585:Caribbean
1248:(f.), or
1112:Rajasthan
1068:Jharkhand
1009:Caribbean
811:Malayalam
634:Languages
4917:Suriname
4873:Colombia
4851:Israelis
4839:Americas
4761:Armenian
4739:Lebanese
4679:Laotians
4674:Javanese
4654:Acehnese
4555:Saraikis
4545:Punjabis
4540:Pashtuns
4525:Kashmiri
4489:Tibetans
4414:Japanese
4163:Kashmiri
4158:Gujarati
4137:See also
4096:Gujarati
4069:Malayali
4027:Gujarati
3957:Portugal
3928:Southern
3907:Northern
3757:Thailand
3681:Malayali
3671:Gujarati
3661:Malaysia
3634:Cambodia
3596:Bharatha
3586:Pakistan
3576:Maldives
3505:Gujarati
3357:Suriname
3292:Barbados
3276:Americas
3263:Zimbabwe
3238:Botswana
3212:Tanzania
2837:NBC News
2509:Archived
2489:6 August
2458:Insee.fr
2380:2 August
2208:See also
2014:Diaspora
2000:Gujarati
1966:and the
1944:Barbados
1932:Anguilla
1902:Suriname
1891:Pakistan
1708:Suriname
1647:Calcutta
1526:Chindian
1238:Kantraki
1221:Girmitya
1214:, while
1167:Suriname
884:Buddhism
843:Hinduism
836:Majority
830:Religion
776:Gujarati
734:Hinglish
424:Barbados
168:Suriname
4996:Oceania
4955:Germany
4910:Marabou
4895:Chinese
4825:Nigeria
4796:Turkish
4781:Israeli
4776:Iranian
4729:Emirati
4659:Burmese
4621:Country
4599:Telugus
4565:Sindhis
4530:Mirpuri
4474:Nepalis
4464:Indians
4454:Afghans
4447:Country
4419:Koreans
4409:Chinese
4376:Central
4363:in Asia
4225:Telugus
4183:Punjabi
4168:Mirpuri
4121:Punjabi
4074:Punjabi
4057:Oceania
4032:Punjabi
3990:Germany
3971:Western
3914:Finland
3886:Eastern
3841:Lebanon
3814:Bahrain
3762:Vietnam
3718:Myanmar
3711:Sarawak
3686:Punjabi
3564:Punjabi
3510:Punjabi
3495:Bengali
3476:Toronto
3449:Punjabi
3418:Uruguay
3332:Jamaica
3326:Marabou
3307:Grenada
3194:Malbars
3190:Réunion
2464:24 June
2269:Dhantal
2150:holiday
2089:Hanuman
2053:Culture
2040:Ireland
1996:Curaçao
1909:Jamaica
1872:Telugus
1804:removed
1789:sources
1688:Grenada
1668:Jamaica
1254:Jahajin
1252:(m.) /
1244:(m.) /
1163:English
1136:Gujarat
1124:Kashmir
1108:Haryana
1092:Mithila
1044:Bhojpur
1028:British
879:Jainism
874:Sikhism
816:Kannada
796:Marathi
786:Bengali
781:Punjabi
716:Spanish
670:English
584:Bahamas
444:Grenada
284:Jamaica
195:100,000
173:148,443
145:200,000
117:232,817
93:297,493
69:468,524
4960:Sweden
4950:France
4943:Europe
4900:Dougla
4878:Mexico
4868:Brazil
4846:Canada
4818:Africa
4754:Yemeni
4749:Syrian
4684:Malays
4587:Tamils
4505:Baloch
4393:Uzbeks
4383:Kazakh
4350:Asians
4220:Tamils
4198:Sindhi
4193:Romani
4084:Sindhi
4037:Sindhi
4017:London
3978:France
3935:Cyprus
3919:Sweden
3898:Russia
3893:Poland
3879:Europe
3861:Turkey
3836:Kuwait
3824:Israel
3798:Taiwan
3745:Chitty
3701:Penang
3696:Telugu
3666:Chitty
3629:Brunei
3611:Telugu
3601:Chetty
3530:Telugu
3520:Sindhi
3454:Sindhi
3439:Canada
3408:Panama
3403:Mexico
3388:Brazil
3317:Guyana
3297:Belize
3222:Zambia
3217:Uganda
3173:Bihari
3142:Africa
3063:
3030:
2965:
2940:
2875:
2419:Scribd
2154:May 30
2128:, and
2063:Diwali
2034:, the
2032:France
2026:, the
2024:Canada
2008:Uganda
1980:Sindhi
1956:Panama
1948:Belize
1880:Guyana
1878:, and
1868:Tamils
1720:Indian
1660:Guyana
1643:Guyana
1613:cotton
1532:Dougla
1259:Coolie
1256:(f.).
1250:Jahaji
1246:Mulkin
1187:Europe
1144:Bengal
1140:Punjab
1122:, and
1120:Punjab
1096:Magadh
1084:Bengal
1066:, and
1036:French
1034:, and
1017:Jahaji
898:Others
894:Baháʼí
806:Telugu
791:Kutchi
771:Sindhi
621:
601:
581:
561:
541:
521:
501:
481:
461:
441:
421:
401:
381:
361:
341:
324:Belize
321:
309:12,000
301:
289:21,584
281:
261:25,000
254:
243:35,617
235:
223:36,123
215:
191:Canada
188:
165:
137:
109:
88:Guyana
85:
61:
4791:Kurds
4734:Iraqi
4724:Arabs
4699:Thais
4669:Hmong
4560:Sikhs
4535:Mizos
4439:South
4187:Sikhs
4126:Tamil
4079:Tamil
4042:Tamil
3995:Tamil
3983:Tamil
3962:Spain
3952:Malta
3945:Tamil
3940:Italy
3851:Qatar
3793:Korea
3788:Japan
3778:China
3750:Tamil
3728:Tamil
3706:Sabah
3691:Tamil
3654:Tamil
3606:Tamil
3581:Nepal
3552:South
3525:Tamil
3459:Tamil
3393:Chile
3322:Haiti
3257:Tamil
3248:Ghana
3243:Egypt
3205:Tamil
3178:Tamil
3158:Kenya
2555:(PDF)
2374:(PDF)
2363:(PDF)
2338:such.
2325:Notes
2319:Tassa
2174:India
2148:is a
2097:India
2004:Kenya
1844:Bihar
1712:Nevis
1242:Mulki
1210:, or
1132:Kutch
1128:Sindh
1064:Bihar
1048:Awadh
1032:Dutch
1022:from
856:Islam
801:Tamil
756:Hindi
739:Tamil
624:Haiti
549:1,000
529:1,100
509:1,437
489:1,500
469:1,950
449:3,900
429:4,000
409:4,100
389:5,170
369:5,200
349:5,900
329:7,600
4932:Jews
4883:Peru
4785:Jews
4717:West
4550:Roma
4520:Odia
4402:East
4352:and
4258:Desi
4178:Odia
4173:Mizo
4091:Fiji
3846:Oman
3829:Jews
3819:Iran
3807:West
3771:East
3723:Mizo
3545:Asia
3413:Peru
3061:ISSN
3028:ISBN
2963:ISBN
2938:ISBN
2873:ISBN
2798:Yelp
2491:2022
2466:2022
2426:2018
2382:2017
2046:and
2006:and
1923:and
1893:and
1870:and
1862:and
1854:and
1787:any
1785:cite
1710:and
1579:and
1275:Bold
1227:Desi
1185:and
1177:and
1078:and
1046:and
760:Urdu
564:Cuba
4291:An
2898:NPR
2176:to
2156:in
1798:by
1587:as
1575:or
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1054:in
1003:or
589:300
569:870
5029::
4809:By
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