India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement

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even under IAEA safeguards. On August 18, 2008, the IAEA Board of Governors approved, and on February 2, 2009, India signed an India-specific safeguards agreement with the IAEA. After India brought this agreement into force, inspections began in a phased manner on the 35 civilian nuclear installations India has identified in its Separation Plan. The deal is seen as a watershed in U.S.-India relations and introduces a new aspect to international nonproliferation efforts. On August 1, 2008, the IAEA approved the safeguards agreement with India, after which the United States approached the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) to grant a waiver to India to commence civilian nuclear trade. The 48-nation NSG granted the waiver to India on September 6, 2008, allowing it to access civilian nuclear technology and fuel from other countries. The implementation of this waiver made India the only known country with

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Ireland, which launched the non-proliferation treaty process in 1958 and signed it first in 1968, doubted India's nuclear trade agreement with the U.S. Russia, a potentially large nuclear supplier to India, expressed reservations about transferring enrichment and reprocessing technology to India. China argued the agreement constituted "a major blow to the international non-proliferation regime". New Zealand said it would like to see a few conditions written in to the waiver: the exemption ceasing if India conducts nuclear tests, India signing the International Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA) additional protocol, and placing limits on the scope of the technology that can be given to India and which could relate to nuclear weapons. Austria, Ireland, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Scandinavian countries proposed similar amendments. The nuclear deal was opposed by former U.S. president

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dealing with guaranteeing India a fuel supply or allowing India to maintain a strategic reserve of nuclear fuel appear to be diametrically opposed to what the Indian parliament was led to expect from the agreement: Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's statement in parliament is totally at variance with the Bush administration's communication to the House Foreign Affairs Committee, which says India will not be allowed to stockpile such nuclear fuel stocks as to undercut American leverage to re-impose sanctions. To drive home this point, it says the 123 Agreement is not inconsistent with the Hyde Act's stipulation—the little-known 'Barack Obama Amendment' – that the supply of nuclear fuel should be "commensurate with reasonable operating requirements". The 'strategic reserve' that is crucial to India's nuclear program is, therefore, a non-starter.

997:, has argued the agreement will set a new precedent for other states, adding that the agreement represents a diplomatic boon for Tehran. Ali Ashgar Soltanieh, the Iranian Deputy Director General for International and Political Affairs, has complained the agreement may undermine the credibility, integrity and universality of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. Pakistan argues the safeguards agreement "threatens to increase the chances of a nuclear arms race in the subcontinent." Pakistani Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi has suggested his country should be considered for such an accord, and Pakistan has also said the same process "should be available as a model for other non-NPT states". On July 19, 2010, U.S. Secretary of State 1096: 297:, which are designed to verify that nuclear energy is not diverted from peaceful use to weapons programs. Though neither India, Israel, nor Pakistan have signed the NPT, India argues that instead of addressing the central objective of universal and comprehensive non-proliferation, the treaty creates a club of "nuclear haves" and a larger group of "nuclear have-nots" by restricting the legal possession of nuclear weapons to those states that tested them before 1967, who alone are free to possess and multiply their nuclear stockpiles. India insists on a comprehensive action plan for a nuclear-free world within a specific time-frame and has also adopted a voluntary "no first use policy". 1008:, a professor of strategic studies at the New Delhi-based Centre for Policy Research, argued that the wording of the U.S. exemption sought to irrevocably tether New Delhi to the nuclear non-proliferation regime. He argued India would be brought under a wider non-proliferation net, with India being tied to compliance with the entire set of NSG rules. India would acquiesce to its unilateral test moratorium being turned into a multilateral legality. He concluded that instead of the "full" civil nuclear cooperation that the original July 18, 2005, deal promised, India's access to civil nuclear enrichment and reprocessing technologies would be restricted through the initial NSG waiver. 870:, "We didn't do anything to block it . We played a constructive role. We also adopted a positive and responsible attitude and a safeguards agreement was reached, so facts speak louder ... than some reports". During a press conference in New Delhi, Yang added, "The policy was set much before that. When consensus was reached, China had already made it clear in a certain way that we have no problem with the statement." Highlighting the importance of Sino-Indian relations, Yang remarked, "let us work together to move beyond doubts to build a stronger relationship between us." 436:, observed while testifying before a U.S. Senate Committee in 2008 that the United States might benefit from access to Indian nuclear technology: "I found that whereas sanctions slowed progress in nuclear energy, they made India self-sufficient and world leaders in fast reactor technologies. While much of the world's approach to India has been to limit its access to nuclear technology, it may well be that today we limit ourselves by not having access to India's nuclear technology developments. Such technical views should help to advice the diplomatic efforts with India." 7090: 391:, which would be in charge of inspecting India's civilian reactors has praised the deal as "it would also bring India closer as an important partner in the nonproliferation regime". The reaction in the U.S. led academic community was mixed. While some authors praised the agreement as bringing India closer to the NPT regime, others argued that it gave India too much leeway in determining which facilities were to be safeguarded and that it effectively rewarded India for continuously refusing to accede to the Non-Proliferation Treaty. 817:

welcome India into the global non-proliferation community. We especially appreciate the role Germany played as chair to move this process forward." New Zealand praised the NSG consensus and said that it got the best possible deal with India. One of India's strongest allies Russia said in a statement, "We are convinced that the exemption made for India reflects Delhi's impeccable record in the non-proliferation sphere and will guarantee the peaceful uses of nuclear exports to India." Australian Foreign Minister

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paragraph, which allows a supplier to call for a special NSG meeting, and seek termination of cooperation, in the event of a test or any other "violation of a supplier-recipient understanding". The recently leaked Bush administration letter to Congress has cited how this Paragraph 16 rule will effectively bind India to the Hyde Act's conditions on the pain of a U.S.-sponsored cut-off of all multilateral cooperation. India will not be able to escape from the U.S.-set conditions by turning to other suppliers.

383:. The former Under Secretary of State of Political Affairs, Nicholas Burns, one of the architects of the Indo-U.S. nuclear deal said "India's trust, its credibility, the fact that it has promised to create a state-of-the-art facility, monitored by the IAEA, to begin a new export control regime in place, because it has not proliferated the nuclear technology, we can't say that about Pakistan." when asked whether the U.S. would offer a nuclear deal with Pakistan on the lines of the Indo-U.S. deal. 7083: 919:, also supported the agreement and remarked that New Delhi may break its "voluntary moratorium" on further nuclear tests in "supreme national interest". However, analyst M K Bhadrakumar demurred. He said that the consensus at NSG was achieved on the "basis" of Pranab Mukherjee's commitment to India's voluntary moratorium on nuclear testing and by doing so, India has entered into a "multilateral commitment" bringing it within "the ambit of the CTBT and NPT". 6620: 91: 1120:, Vice President Dick Cheney and the Indian Ambassador to the U.S. Ronen Sen besides a large gathering of other dignitaries. The final administrative aspect of the deal was completed after Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and External Affairs Minister Pranab Mukherjee signed the bilateral instruments of the 123 Agreement in Washington on October 10 paving the way for operationalization of the deal between the two countries. 889:, who also formerly held the post of India's External Affairs Minister, criticized the Indian government's decision to seek NSG's consensus and remarked that "India has walked into the non-proliferation trap set by the U.S., we have given up our right to test nuclear weapons forever, it has been surrendered by the government". However, another prominent member of the same party and India's former National Security Advisor 7446: 6907: 1559: 1134: 327:, India has more than enough fissile material to supply its nuclear weapons program, even if it restricted Plutonium production to only 8 of the country's 17 current reactors, and then further restricted Plutonium production to only 1/4 of the fuel core of these reactors. According to the calculations of one of the key advisers to the US Nuclear deal negotiating team, Ashley Tellis: 337:

restrictions mainly affected Indian nuclear power generation capacity. Specifically, the NSG sanctions challenge India's long-term plans to expand and fuel its civilian nuclear power generation capacity from its current output of about 4GWe (GigaWatt electricity) to a power output of 20GWe by 2020; assuming the planned expansion used conventional Uranium/Plutonium fueled

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the final voting process, indicating its non-approval of the nuclear agreement. In a statement, Chinese delegation to the NSG said the group should address the aspirations of other countries too, an implicit reference to Pakistan. There were also unconfirmed reports of India considering the cancellation of a state visit by Chinese Foreign Minister

545:) of the bill differed due to amendments each had added before approving, but the versions were reconciled with a House vote of 330–59 on December 8 and a Senate voice-vote on December 9 before being passed on to President G.W. Bush for final approval. The White House had urged Congress to expedite the reconciliation process during the end-2006 459:, has requested increased strategic ties with India and a de-hyphenization of Pakistan with India, i.e. having separate policies toward India and Pakistan rather than just an "India-Pakistan" policy. The United States also sees India as a viable counter-weight to the growing influence of China, and a potential client and job creator. 553:

going on to cite sections 103 and 104 (d) (2) of the bill. To assure Congress that its work would not be totally discarded, Bush continued by saying that the executive would give "the due weight that comity between the legislative and executive branches should require, to the extent consistent with U.S. foreign policy."

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2 pm at the Hyderabad House in New Delhi. But Mr. Mukherjee announced that India would wait for the U.S. president to sign the 123 agreement legislation first into law and address India's concerns on fuel supply guarantees and the legal standing of the 123 agreement in the accompanying signing statement.

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analyst, let alone a policy maker, has ever advocated any nuclear inventory that even remotely approximates such numbers, this heuristic exercise confirms that New Delhi has the capability to produce a gigantic nuclear arsenal while subsisting well within the lowest estimates of its known uranium reserves.

304:(NSG), to control exports of nuclear materials, equipment and technology. Consequently, India was left outside the international nuclear order, which forced India to develop its own resources for each stage of the nuclear fuel cycle and power generation, including next generation reactors such as fast 1062:

said the agreement fails to make clear that an Indian nuclear test would prompt the U.S. to cease nuclear trade; however, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said that any nuclear test by India would result in the "most serious consequences," including automatic cut-off of U.S. cooperation as well as

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expressed its strong disapproval of the civilian agreement with India. India's National Security Advisor remarked that one of the major opponents of the waiver was China and said that he would express Indian government's displeasure over the issue. It was also revealed that China had abstained during

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In August 2008 U.S. draft exemption would have granted India a waiver based on the "steps that India has taken voluntarily as a contributing partner in the non-proliferation regime". Based on these steps, and without further conditions, the draft waiver would have allowed for the transfer to India of

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There was speculation the Indo-US deal would be signed on October 4, 2008, when U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice was in India. The deal was to be signed by Indian External Affairs Minister Pranab Mukherjee and U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. The two leaders were to sign the deal at

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warned that an NSG waiver "inconsistent" with the 2006 Hyde Act would "jeopardise" the Indo-U.S. nuclear deal in the U.S. Congress. Edward J. Markey, co-chairman of the House Bipartisan Task Force on Non-proliferation, said that there needed to be clear consequences if India broke its commitments or

1021:. The State Department had requested they remain secret even though they were not classified. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice also previously told the House Foreign Affairs Panel in public testimony that any agreement would "have to be completely consistent with the obligations of the Hyde Act". 878:

Indian PM Manmohan Singh visited Washington, D.C., on September 26, 2008, to celebrate the conclusion of the agreement with U.S. President George W. Bush. He also visited France to convey his appreciation for the country's stance. India's External Affairs Minister Pranab Mukherjee expressed his deep

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As details were revealed about serious inconsistencies between what the Indian parliament was told about the deal, and the facts about the agreement that were presented by the Bush administration to the US Congress, opposition grew in India against the deal. In particular, portions of the agreement

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in 1974. In its final shape, the deal places under permanent safeguards those nuclear facilities that India has identified as "civil" and permits broad civil nuclear cooperation, while excluding the transfer of "sensitive" equipment and technologies, including civil enrichment and reprocessing items

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Secretary Rice was aware of the Indian decision before she left Washington. But she was very hopeful that the deal would be signed as the U.S. State Department had said that the President's signature was not prerequisite for Rice to ink the deal. Rice had earlier said that there were still a number

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its realization ran into difficulties in the face of stiff political opposition in India. Also, in November 2007, former Indian Military chiefs, bureaucrats and scientists drafted a letter to Members of Parliament expressing their support for the deal. However, opposition and criticism continued at

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said, "this is a historic achievement that strengthens global non-proliferation principles while assisting India to meet its energy requirements in an environmentally friendly manner. The United States thanks the participating governments in the NSG for their outstanding efforts and cooperation to

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Furthermore, the agreement, as a result of its compliance with the Hyde Act, contained a direct linkage between shutting down US nuclear trade with India and any potential future Indian nuclear weapons test, a point that was factually inconsistent with explicit reassurances made on this subject by

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On August 3, 2007, both the countries released the full text of the 123 agreement. Nicholas Burns, the chief negotiator of the India-United States nuclear deal, said the U.S. has the right to terminate the deal if India tests a nuclear weapon and that no part of the agreement recognizes India as a

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Consequently, India's nuclear isolation constrained expansion of its civil nuclear program, but left India relatively immune to foreign reactions to a prospective nuclear test. Partly for this reason, but mainly due to continued unchecked covert nuclear and missile proliferation activities between

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There are a lot of administrative details that have to be worked out. This (the deal) was only passed in our Congress two days ago. The President is looking forward to signing the bill, sometime, I hope, very soon, because we'll want to use it as an opportunity to thank all of the people who have

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A September 2008 waiver would have recognized additional "steps that India has voluntarily taken." The waiver called for notifying the NSG of bilateral agreements and for regular consultations; however, it also would have waived the full-scope safeguards requirements of the NSG guidelines without

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In response to the language Congress used in the Act to define U.S. policy toward India, President Bush, stated "Given the Constitution's commitment to the authority of the presidency to conduct the nation's foreign affairs, the executive branch shall construe such policy statements as advisory,"

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India was subject to international sanctions after its May 1998 nuclear tests. However, due to the size of the Indian economy and its relatively large domestic sector, these sanctions had little impact on India, with Indian GDP growth increasing from 4.8% in 1997–1998 (prior to sanctions) to 6.6%

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The Bush administration told Congress in January 2008 that the United States may cease all cooperation with India if India detonates a nuclear explosive device. The administration further said it was not its intention to assist India in the design, construction, or operation of sensitive nuclear

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While the Hyde Act's bar on Indian testing is explicit, the one in the NSG waiver is implicit, yet unmistakable. The NSG waiver is overtly anchored in NSG Guidelines Paragraph 16, which deals with the consequence of "an explosion of a nuclear device". The waiver's Section 3(e) refers to this key

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argues, "the most important significance of the deal for India (is) related to the contribution it will make in meeting India's energy requirements to sustain high rate of economic growth". Financially, the U.S. also expects that such a deal could spur India's economic growth and bring in $ 150

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countered Pakistan statements by saying that Pakistan's checkered history on nuclear proliferation "raises red flags" regarding nuclear cooperation with Pakistan. Israel is citing the Indo-U.S. civil nuclear deal as a precedent to alter Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) rules to construct its first

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said that the NSG granted waiver because of "India's rise as a global power" and added, "If such a request was made for another country, I don't think it would have been cleared by the NSG members." During his visit to India in September 2008, Smith said that Australia "understood and respected

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reserves. Indian support for cooperation with the U.S. centers on the issue of obtaining a steady supply of sufficient energy for the economy to grow. Indian opposition to the pact centers on the concessions that would need to be made, as well as the likely de-prioritization of research into a

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Operating India's eight unsafeguarded PHWRs in such a regime would bequeath New Delhi with some 12,135–13,370 kilograms of weapons-grade plutonium, which is sufficient to produce between 2,023–2,228 nuclear weapons over and above those already existing in the Indian arsenal. Although no Indian

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After the first NSG meeting in August 2008, diplomats noted that up to 20 of the 45 NSG states tabled conditions similar to the Hyde Act for India's waiver to do business with the NSG. "There were proposals on practically every paragraph," a European diplomat said. A group of seven NSG members

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Norway, Austria, Brazil, and Japan all warned that their support for India at the IAEA did not mean that they would not express reservations at the NSG. New Zealand, which is a member of the NSG but not of the IAEA Board of Governors, cautioned that its support should not be taken for granted.

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However, because the amount of nuclear fuel required for the electricity generation sector is far greater than that required to maintain a nuclear weapons program, and since India's estimated reserve of uranium represents only 1% of the world's known uranium reserves, the NSG's uranium export

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announced that the Left Front is withdrawing its support to the government over the decision by the government to go ahead on the United States-India Peaceful Atomic Energy Cooperation Act. The left front had been a staunch advocate of not proceeding with this deal citing national interests.

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The deal had initial support from the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Japan, Russia, and Germany. After some initial opposition, there were reports of Australia, Switzerland, and Canada expressing their support for the deal. Selig S. Harrison, a former South Asia bureau chief of

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next had to approve a policy allowing nuclear cooperation with India. U.S. President Bush can then make the necessary certifications and seek final approval by the U.S. Congress. There were objections from Pakistan, Iran, Ireland, Norway, Switzerland, and Austria at the IAEA meeting.

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government would not put its signature on any deal with IAEA if it lost the majority in either an 'opposition-initiated no-confidence motion' or if failing to muster a vote of confidence in Indian parliament after being told to prove its majority by the president. On July 8, 2008,

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The US Senate passes the United States-India Peaceful Atomic Energy Cooperation and US Additional Protocol Implementation Act, to "exempt from certain requirements of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 United States exports of nuclear materials, equipment, and technology to India."

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After Senate approval, US President George W. Bush said the deal would "strengthen our global nuclear nonproliferation efforts, protect the environment, create jobs, and assist India in meeting its growing energy needs in a responsible manner." Then-US presidential candidates

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on July 22, 2008, by 275–256 votes in the backdrop of defections by some parties . The deal also had faced opposition from non-proliferation activists, anti-nuclear organisations, and some states within the Nuclear Suppliers Group. In February 2008, U.S. Secretary of State

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The call said that the draft Indian nuclear "deal would be a nonproliferation disaster and a serious setback to the prospects of global nuclear disarmament" and also pushed for all world leaders who are serious about ending the arms race "to stand up and be counted."

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The State Department issues a fact sheet on the nuclear deal saying the initiative will help meet India's growing energy requirements and strengthen the non- proliferation regime by welcoming New Delhi into globally accepted nonproliferation standards and practices.

592:. The SP then supported the government and the deal. The Indian Government survived a vote of confidence by 275–256 after the Left Front withdrew their support to the government over this dispute. Incidentally, results showed ten MPs belonging to the opposing 233:

to operationalize the 2005 Joint Statement. As a domestic U.S. law, the Hyde Act is binding on the United States. The Hyde Act cannot be binding on India's sovereign decisions although it can be construed as prescriptive for future U.S. reactions. As per the

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IAEA Board of Governors. Nuclear Verification – The Conclusion of Safeguards Agreements and Additional Protocols : "An Agreement with the Government of India for the Application of Safeguards to Civilian Nuclear Facilities" (GOV 2008/30 of July 9,

803:, said the NSG should at a minimum "make clear that nuclear trade with India shall be terminated if it resumes testing for any reason. If India cannot agree to such terms, it suggests that India is not serious about its nuclear test moratorium pledge." 5128: 420:

in Japan, issues relating to the safety of operating nuclear power plants, compensation in the event of a radiation-leak accident, disaster clean-up costs, operator responsibility and supplier liability has once again come into the spot-light.

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also approved the civilian nuclear agreement allowing India to purchase nuclear fuel and technology from—and sell them to—the United States. U.S. president, George W. Bush, signed the legislation on the Indo-US nuclear deal, approved by the

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The US House of Representatives passes the Henry J Hyde United States-India Peaceful Atomic Energy Cooperation Act of 2006, which stipulates that Washington will cooperate with New Delhi on nuclear issues and exempt it from signing the

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Initially, there were reports of the People's Republic of China analyzing the extent of the opposition against the waiver at the NSG and then revealing its position over the issue. On September 1, 2008, prominent Chinese newspaper

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led Left Front withdrew support over India approaching the IAEA for Indo-U.S. nuclear deal. The UPA won the confidence vote with 275 votes to the opposition's 256, (10 members abstained from the vote) to record a 19-vote victory.

5416: 1793:"Communication dated July 25, 2008 received from the Permanent Mission of India concerning a document entitled "Implementation of the India-United States Joint Statement of July 18, 2005: India's Separation Plan" (INFCIRC/731)" 6576: 5541: 6878: 1295:

The text of the "Agreement for Cooperation between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of India Concerning Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy" (123 Agreement) is released by both governments.

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After India was granted the waiver on September 6, the United Kingdom said that the NSG's decision would make a "significant contribution" to global energy and climate security. U.S. National Security Council spokesman

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Left parties warn of 'serious consequences' if the nuclear deal is operationalized and set a deadline asking the government to make it clear by March 15 whether it intended to proceed with the nuclear deal or drop it.

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More than 150 non-proliferation activists and anti-nuclear organizations called for tightening the initial NSG agreement to prevent harming the current global non-proliferation regime. Among the steps called for were:

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The 123 Agreement between India and US is finally operationalized between the two countries after the deal is signed by External Affairs Minister Mukherjee and his counterpart, Secretary of State Rice, in Washington.

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justifies a nuclear pact with India arguing that it is important in helping to advance the non-proliferation framework by formally recognizing India's strong non-proliferation record even though it has not signed the

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passed the bill to approve the deal on September 28, 2008. Two days later, India and France signed a similar nuclear pact making France the first country to have such an agreement with India. On October 1, 2008, the

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Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh, during final parliamentary debate on the nuclear deal. As professor Brahma Chellaney, an expert in strategic affairs and one of the authors of the Indian Nuclear Doctrine, explained:

717:, Austria. The consensus was arrived at after overcoming misgivings expressed by Austria, Ireland, and New Zealand and is an unprecedented step in giving exemption to a country which has not signed the NPT and the 5836: 1485:

America's nuclear fuel supply assurances to India are a "political commitment" and the government cannot "legally compel" US firms to sell a "given product" to New Delhi, top officials tells congressional panel.

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civil nuclear cooperation with India. This U.S.-India deal took more than three years to come to fruition as it had to go through several complex stages, including amendment of U.S. domestic law, especially the

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US remains silent over the controversy in India triggered by President Bush's assertions that nuclear fuel supply assurances to New Delhi under the deal were only political commitments and not legally binding.

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billion in the next decade for nuclear power plants, of which the U.S. wants a share. It is India's stated objective to increase the production of nuclear power generation from its present capacity of 4,780

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appreciation for India's allies in the NSG, especially the United States, United Kingdom, France, Russia, Germany, South Africa and Brazil for helping India achieve NSG's consensus on the nuclear deal.

5891: 2920: 908:, and that it would be unwise on India's part to spurn such an overture. He also argued that not recognizing new geo-political realities would be even more foolhardy on the part of the Indian elite. 2283: 1017:

technologies through the transfer of dual-use items. The statements were considered sensitive in India because debate over the agreement in India could have toppled the government of Prime Minister

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agreeing that all bilateral nuclear cooperation agreements between an NSG member-state and India explicitly prohibit the replication or use of such technology in any unsafeguarded Indian facilities

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reported that though China had expressed its desire to include more stern language in the final draft, they had informed India about their intention to back the agreement. In an interview to the

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On September 28, 2008, the US House of Representatives voted 298–117 to approve the Indo-US nuclear deal. On October 1, 2008, the US Senate voted 86–13 to approve the Indo-US nuclear deal. The

7171: 5213: 3521:"Brahma Chellaney a strategic affairs expert, is a professor at the Centre for Policy Research. He was one of the authors of the nuclear doctrine submitted to the government for finalisation" 1341:

The CPI writes to the Prime Minister, warning of withdrawal of support if government goes ahead with the deal and puts political pressure on the Singh administration not to go with the deal.

6888: 3748: 357:(during sanctions) in 1998–1999. Consequently, at the end of 2001, the Bush administration decided to drop all sanctions on India. Although India achieved its strategic objectives from the 1954: 6011: 5717: 5605: 4902: 4238: 6393: 5693: 3970: 640:, Japan, where he met with U.S. President George W. Bush. On June 19, 2008, news media reported that Indian Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh threatened to resign his position if the 3789: 1514:

visits Delhi. India and the US unable to ink the nuclear agreement with New Delhi insisting that it would do so only after President Bush signs it into law, citing prior misgivings.

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Government is willing to look at "possible amendments" to the Atomic Energy Act to ensure that the country's strategic autonomy will never be compromised, says Prime Minister Singh.

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The Indo-US civilian nuclear agreement was met with stiff opposition by some political parties and activists in India. Although many mainstream political parties including the

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In Washington, a Senate Democratic aide said that such a delay was not that unusual because legislation needed to be carefully reviewed before being sent to the White House.

3925: 3268: 2023: 316:. In addition to impelling India to achieve success in developing these new reactor technologies, the sanctions also provided India with the impetus to continue developing 7020: 6863: 6754: 1261: 3735: 3338: 3080: 934:

saw a US$ 40 billion nuclear energy market in India in the next 10–15 years. On a more optimistic note, some of India's largest and most well-respected corporations like

6660: 6650: 6640: 5827: 5653: 5103: 4736: 2257: 7526: 6675: 6038: 3909: 3816: 1042: 6591: 4147: 2112:"Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Indian Minister of External Affairs Pranab Mukherjee At the Signing of the U.S.-India Civilian Nuclear Cooperation Agreement" 4134: 3498: 6665: 6655: 2094: 904:. He argued that the convergence of strategic interests between the two nations forced such a remarkable gesture from the US, overturning its decades-long stand on 399:

In India, the proponents of the agreement cite economic considerations as one of the topmost factors in their support of the agreement. For example, Indian scholar

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on August 25, 2010, which allows the operator to sue the supplier in case of an accident due to technical defects in the plant. After the nuclear disaster at the

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said that "China understands India's needs for civil nuclear energy and related international cooperation." Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi told India's

7280: 7219: 7164: 2930: 2852: 5576: 5291: 4100: 7027: 6428: 2293: 1177: 289:(NPT) have a recognized right of access to peaceful uses of nuclear energy and an obligation to cooperate on civilian nuclear technology. Separately, the 7541: 6910: 6584: 7287: 5323: 3011: 1347:

The Indian government says it will seek the opinions of the House on the 123 Agreement before it is taken up for ratification by the American Congress.

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has agreed on guidelines for nuclear exports, including reactors and fuel. Those guidelines condition such exports on comprehensive safeguards by the

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not allowing India to reprocess nuclear fuel supplied by a member state in a facility that is not under permanent and unconditional IAEA safeguards

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suggested including some of the provisions of the U.S. Hyde Act in the final waiver. Daryll Kimball, executive director of the Washington-based

7531: 5613: 4910: 3386: 2185: 527: 4445: 4419: 4393: 4376: 3723: 2448: 1928: 514:'s foreign policy initiative and was described by many lawmakers as a cornerstone of the new strategic partnership between the two countries. 7041: 2608: 1633: 1453:

The NSG meets for the second time on the issue after the US comes up with a revised draft and grants waiver to India after marathon parleys.

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supported the development at the NSG and said that the waiver granted made "no prohibition" on India to conduct nuclear tests in the future.

818: 417: 317: 209: 5703: 5076: 3980: 1116:, was signed by President Bush at a brief White House function in the presence of the Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, Energy Secretary 7506: 7496: 6031: 5854: 5484: 3799: 1825: 439:

Because India's nuclear program was developed mostly indigenously, the country used unique techniques that other countries can learn from.

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Secretary Rice and Indian Minister for External Affairs Pranab Mukherjee after signing the 123 agreement in Washington on October 10, 2008

5367: 5190: 3018:, by Ashley Tellis, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Interviewed by Jayshree Bajoria, Staff Writer, CFR.org, November 4, 2010. 2239: 1253:

Bush and Singh issue a joint statement on their growing strategic partnership, emphasising their agreement on civil nuclear cooperation.

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On July 9, 2008, India formally submitted the safeguards agreement to the IAEA. This development came after the Prime Minister of India

256:

After the terms of the 123 agreement were concluded on July 27, 2007, it ran into trouble because of stiff opposition in India from the

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The 123 agreement defines the terms and conditions for bilateral civilian nuclear cooperation, and requires separate approvals by the

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U.S. House Foreign Affairs Committee: Documents from the White House related to the U.S.-India civilian nuclear cooperation agreement

2755: 2626: 2426: 1650: 131:, under which India agreed to separate its civil and military nuclear facilities and to place all its civil nuclear facilities under 7511: 7139: 7132: 6476: 6423: 5941: 5259: 1628: 1492:

PM Singh and President Bush meet at the White House, but are not able to sign the nuclear deal as Congress had not yet approved it.

1217: 841:. However, External Affairs Minister Pranab Mukherjee said the Chinese Foreign Minister will be welcomed "as an honored guest". The 619: 75: 5143: 758:

both trigger list and dual-use items (including technology), waiving the full-scope safeguards requirements of the NSG guidelines.

466:, possessing 25% of the world's known and economically viable thorium, it possesses a meager 1% of the similarly calculated global 4016: 3272: 2149: 526:

On December 18, 2006, President George W. Bush signed the Hyde Act into law. The Act was passed by an overwhelming 359–68 in the

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Narlikar, Amrita (2006). "Peculiar chauvinism or strategic calculation? Explaining the negotiating strategy of a rising India".

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U.S. House Foreign Affairs Committee: Questions for the Record submitted to Assistant Secretary Bernger by Chairman Tom Lantos

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US President George W. Bush signed the legislation on the Indo-US nuclear deal into law on October 8. The new law, called the

1092:

of administrative details to be worked out even as she insisted that the US would abide by the Hyde Act on the testing issue:

826:

called India a "special case" and added, "Does this agreement send an approving message to Iran? No, it absolutely does not."

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said that any agreement would be "consistent with the obligations of the Hyde Act". The bill was signed on October 8, 2008.

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White House announces that President Bush will sign the legislation on the Indo-US nuclear deal into law on October 8.

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The proposed civil nuclear agreement implicitly recognizes India's "de facto" status even without signing the NPT. The

94:

U.S. President George Bush and India's Prime Minister Manmohan Singh exchange handshakes in New Delhi on March 2, 2006.

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with a specific goal of achieving self-sufficiency for all key components for weapons design, testing and production.

261: 238:, an international agreement such as the 123 Agreement cannot be superseded by an internal law such as the Hyde Act. 2129: 2070: 1707: 1498:

House of Representatives approves the Indo-US nuclear deal. 298 members voted for the bill while 117 voted against.

975:

conditioning the waiver on India stopping fissile production and legally binding itself not to conduct nuclear tests

7521: 6511: 6337: 4629: 4267: 1645: 7089: 4042: 2860: 1144: 6713: 6291: 6199: 6066: 5298: 1328:

Left parties in India say the ruling party would have to choose between the deal and its government's stability.

905: 652:, continued to oppose the nuclear deal and he described their stance as irrational and reactionary. According to 572: 226: 141: 787:

says the "U.S. State Department made it very clear that we will not recognize India as a nuclear-weapon state".

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The draft India-specific safeguards accord with the IAEA circulated to IAEA's Board of Governors for approval.

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India dismisses warning by Pakistan that the deal will accelerate an atomic arms race in the sub-continent.

1367:

The Indian Prime Minister says his government prepared to face Parliament before operationalizing the deal.

780:, has said the deal may represent a tacit recognition of India as a nuclear weapon state, while former U.S. 701: 301: 290: 149: 4533: 3948: 7471: 6532: 6047: 5397: 4081: 1799: 1611: 1596: 882: 623: 593: 413: 242: 148:

in India, an India-IAEA safeguards (inspections) agreement and the grant of an exemption for India by the

2467: 2186:"Recent Legislation: Congress Authorizes the President to Waive Restrictions on Nuclear Exports to India" 969:

expressly prohibiting the transfer of enrichment, reprocessing, and heavy water production items to India

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The U.S. draft underwent further changes in an effort to make the language more acceptable to the NSG.

5790: 4581: 3846: 120:. The framework for this agreement was a July 18, 2005, joint statement by then Indian Prime Minister 7354: 7057: 6784: 6769: 6560: 6398: 5635: 916: 589: 576: 531: 499:

signed a Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement, following an initiation during the July 2005 summit in

265: 5942:

Indian Ministry of External Affairs (August 2007): Text of the preliminary Indo-US nuclear agreement

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Laskar, Rejaul Karim (November 20, 2006). "Significance of Indo-US Nuclear Deal". The Assam Tribune.

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in opposing the deal changed its stand after discussing with ex-president of India and scientist Dr

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supplying only an amount of fuel which is commensurate with ordinary reactor operating requirements

946:

were eyeing a $ 100 billion (U.S.) business in this sector over the same time period. According to

823: 776: 409: 400: 269: 5735: 3394: 1447:

The NSG meet to consider an India waiver ends inconclusively amid reservations by some countries.

1429:

India launches full blast lobbying among the 45-nation NSG for an exemption for nuclear commerce.

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briefs the IAEA Board of Governors and some NSG countries in Vienna on the safeguards agreement.

990: 922:

The NSG consensus was welcomed by several major Indian companies. Major Indian corporations like

912: 480: 472: 4188:

Interview With Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Robert Joseph

1833: 943: 662:'s earlier statement said "I cannot bind the government if we lose our majority," implying that 5763: 5029: 4776: 4481: 3646: 3206: 2565: 2544: 2226: 2045: 1773: 6868: 6815: 6418: 6231: 5378: 5317: 5271: 5159: 3174: 2675: 2663: 2612: 2243: 2111: 1398: 994: 901: 832: 822:

India's decision not to join the Non-Proliferation Treaty". German Foreign Ministry spokesman

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President Bush signs legislation to enact the landmark US-India civilian nuclear agreement.

1511: 1479:

The Senate Foreign Relations Committee opens a crucial hearing on the Indo-US nuclear deal.

1391:

The IAEA says it will meet on August 1 to consider the India-specific safeguards agreement.

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In 2016, the countries agreed to build 6 US-designed reactors in India. See timeline below.

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nuclear power plant in the Negev desert, and is also pushing for its own trade exemptions.

549:, and recommended removing certain amendments which would be deemed deal-killers by India. 7386: 7334: 5545: 5505: 5470: 5423: 5404: 4534:"India understands uranium stance: Smith – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)" 4380: 4345: 4295: 4088: 3913: 3104: 3028: 3015: 2995: 2950: 2688: 2644: 2433: 2336: 2098: 1591: 1459:

President Bush sends the text of the 123 Agreement to the US Congress for final approval.

1032: 1025: 998: 897: 858: 813: 738: 676: 581: 305: 3520: 700:

Board of Governors approved the safeguards agreement on August 1, 2008, and the 45-state

4187: 2630: 186:, on October 8, 2008. The agreement was signed by then Indian External Affairs Minister 6951: 6413: 6259: 5976:(September 4–6 2008): NSG Public Statement – Extraordinary Plenary Meeting, Vienna 5831: 4020: 1712: 1238: 1234: 1018: 923: 896:

A leading advocate of the agreement was India's most eminent strategic affairs analyst

890: 886: 847:

noted that China's stance could have a long-term implication on Sino-Indian relations.

843: 722: 633: 629: 511: 496: 492: 128: 125: 5984:(August 21–22 2008): NSG Public Statement – Extraordinary Plenary Meeting, Vienna 2627:"Bermudez, Joseph S. Jr. 1998. A History of Ballistic Missile Development in the DPRK" 1114:

United States-India Nuclear Cooperation Approval and Non-proliferation Enhancement Act

184:

United States-India Nuclear Cooperation Approval and Non-proliferation Enhancement Act

7465: 7294: 6832: 6723: 6619: 6408: 6251: 5104:"Stalling nuclear deal will be a historical mistake, Politics News - By samachaar.in" 2733: 2566:"Atoms for War? U.S.-Indian Civilian Nuclear Cooperation and India's Nuclear Arsenal" 2545:"Atoms for War? U.S.-Indian Civilian Nuclear Cooperation and India's Nuclear Arsenal" 1884: 1564: 1313: 1241:

first announce their intention to enter into a nuclear agreement in Washington, D.C.

1117: 1038: 784: 742: 668: 250: 225:, is the U.S. domestic law that modifies the requirements of Section 123 of the U.S. 216: 179: 165:(NPT) but is still allowed to carry out nuclear commerce with the rest of the world. 3763: 3464: 2853:"The Signing of the U.S.-India Agreement Concerning Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy" 2507: 2381: 1708:"Joint Statement Between President George W. Bush and Prime Minister Manmohan Singh" 1289:

Negotiations on a bilateral agreement between the United States and India conclude.

17: 7434: 7425: 7200: 3442: 3250: 2803: 1578: 1068: 931: 792: 452: 249:

ministers. The agreement will also help India meet its goal of adding 25,000 MW of

5442: 5087: 2412:"Decision Time on the Indian Nuclear Deal: Help Avert a Nonproliferation Disaster" 1739:"Henry J. Hyde United States-India Peaceful Atomic Energy Cooperation Act of 2006" 361:

in 1998, it continued to find its civil nuclear program isolated internationally.

323:

Given that India is estimated to possess reserves of about 80,000–112,369 tons of

5463: 4972: 4666: 3893: 2525: 2150:"Obama's India Visit: What Can India And The US Do About The Civil Nuclear Deal?" 1504:

Senate approves the Indo-US civil nuclear deal with 86 votes for and 13 against.

1441:

IAEA Board of Governors adopts India- specific safeguards agreement unanimously.

1283:

President Bush signs into law congressional legislation on Indian atomic energy.

7006: 6893: 5498: 1357:

meets Prakash Karat, asks the Left to allow the government to go ahead with the

1133: 1072: 963:

ceasing cooperation if India conducts nuclear tests or withdraws from safeguards

863: 838: 746: 734: 568: 507: 338: 174: 3749:

Post trust vote victory, India Govt. to move forward with reforms, nuclear deal

3614: 1316:

says the 'honeymoon (with government) may be over but the marriage can go on'.

479:

becomes highly available given the well understood utilization of uranium in a

6810: 6733: 6718: 6454: 4767:"Waiver enables member states to provide India full civil nuclear cooperation" 3122: 2489: 1554: 1435:

IAEA secretariat briefs member states on India-specific safeguards agreement.

927: 713:

On September 6, 2008, India was granted the waiver at the NSG meeting held in

358: 346: 7396: 7302: 6448: 6115: 6105: 5855:"US-India deal helps pave way for new nuclear in India - World Nuclear News" 5758: 5024: 4771: 4476: 4420:"U.S., India welcome NSG's agreement to lift nuclear trade embargo on India" 3641: 3201: 1558: 1414: 1076: 852: 680: 654: 135:(IAEA) safeguards and, in exchange, the United States agreed to work toward 5499:

Department of State: Answers to questions about Indo-U.S. nuclear agreement

5892:"US-based Westinghouse to build 6 nuclear power plants in India - Time..." 5828:"JOINT STATEMENT: The United States and India: Enduring Global Partner..." 229:

to permit nuclear cooperation with India and in particular to negotiate a

6189: 6158: 6016: 1270:

In India, the Left parties demand discussion on the issue in Parliament.

950:, nuclear energy will produce 52,000 MW of electricity in India by 2020. 795:, who opined that the U.S. would be making "a dangerous deal with India" 637: 448: 5260:"Asia Times Online :: Middle East News, Iraq, Iran current affairs" 1547:

agree to conclude contractual arrangements for 6 reactors by June 2017.

7266: 6486: 6443: 6140: 2168:"Breakthrough: India-US end 6-year-old impasse over civil nuclear deal" 1158: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 867: 476: 467: 463: 350: 324: 309: 3811: 3809: 850:

There were some other conflicting reports on China's stance, however.

152:, an export-control cartel that had been formed mainly in response to 6286: 3058:"Nuclear Negotiations, Scientific Literacy, and U.S.-India Relations" 900:, also known for his long and controversial championing of an Indian 714: 5539:"Congressional approval may not be automatic; dissenters speak out" 1385:

Prime Minister Singh calls for a vote of confidence in Parliament.

782:

Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security

6879:

United States–India Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology

6609: 6278: 6110: 6100: 3148: 1094: 1035:

also said the agreement would be in conformity with the Hyde Act.

219:

United States-India Peaceful Atomic Energy Cooperation Act of 2006

109: 6920: 5577:"Bush Wins Approval in Congress for Priority India Atomic Accord" 1322:

In India, the UPA-Left committee to discuss nuclear deal set up.

300:

Led by the U.S., other states have set up an informal group, the

5840: 4967: 4263: 2645:"Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons Program - 1998: The Year of Testing" 1724: 1413:

The UPA government led by Manmohan Singh wins trust vote in the

1023:

Assistant Secretary of State for South and Central Asian Affairs

697: 6924: 6580: 6020: 4630:"China was India's secret enemy at Vienna | What NSA says" 3546:"Stagecraft and Statecraft: India's retarded nuclear deterrent" 3269:"Bush Welcomes Senate Approval of U.S.-India Nuclear Agreement" 253:

capacity through imports of nuclear reactors and fuel by 2020.

4843:"We decided to back India in NSG before Vienna meeting: China" 4374:"Nuclear suppliers fail to reach consensus on U.S.-India deal" 4127:"Canada, India exploring ways to co-operate in nuclear energy" 3339:"Congress Passes U.S.-India Civilian Nuclear Cooperation Bill" 3171:"Bush, India's Singh Sign Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement" 3145:"UIC Nuclear Issues Briefing Paper No. 75 – Supply of Uranium" 2921:"Nuclear liability bill to bring in more investment: US media" 2073:. United States Office of the Press Secretary. October 8, 2008 1127: 405: 29: 5146:. Atimes.com. Archived from the original on December 16, 2008 4556:"Germany Grudgingly Accepts Landmark Nuclear Deal with India" 3341:. USINFO – International Information Programs. Archived from 3271:. USINFO – International Information Programs. Archived from 3173:. USINFO – International Information Programs. Archived from 197:

In 2015, the agreement had still not been fully implemented.

4933:"Manmohan leaves for home winding up 9 day US, France visit" 3439:"'The question is can we get a better n-deal? No&#x2019" 518:

nuclear weapons state (which would be contrary to the NPT).

6889:

United States-India Science & Technology Endowment Fund

3317:"H.R. 5682: Senate Vote 270: Nov 16, 2006 (109th Congress)" 2703:"U.S. Ready to End Sanctions on India to Build an Alliance" 2130:"India Nuke Deals Still Thorny for US Despite Breakthrough" 1955:"House of Reps clears N-deal, France set to sign agreement" 503:

between the two leaders over civilian nuclear cooperation.

345:

Pakistan, China and North Korea, India conducted five more

4504:"India got the waiver because of its rise as global power" 4148:"Canada behind U.S., Britain in wooing India, says expert" 3295:"H.R. 5682: House Vote 411: Jul 26, 2006 (109th Congress)" 5920:

U.S. Government Printing Office: The text of the Hyde Act

5485:"In Secret Letter, Tough U.S. Line on India Nuclear Deal" 3365:"H.R. 5682: House Vote 541: Dec 8, 2006 (109th Congress)" 2316:"At G-8, Singh, Bush reaffirm commitment to nuclear deal" 6394:

Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research

4873:"Let's move beyond doubts to build ties: China to India" 4133:. Press Trust of India. October 10, 2007. Archived from 3387:"Nuclear deal with U.S. made easier for India to digest" 2662:"Achieving 9% Growth Rate in India: A Growth Paradigm". 1987:"India, France ink nuclear deal, first after NSG waiver" 1671:"The Henry J. Hyde Act and 123 Agreement: An Assessment" 721:(CTBT) The Indian team who worked on the deal includes 27:

123 Agreement signed between the United States and India

2364:"India: Government crisis deepens over US nuclear deal" 534:

on November 16 in a strong show of bipartisan support.

53: 5183:"India Inc sets eyes on $ 40 bn nuclear energy market" 3081:"US wants Indian businesses to create jobs in America" 1373:

Left parties in India withdraw support to government.

5636:"Rice hails approval of India nuclear deal - CNN.com" 5351:"India dismisses Pak talk of arms race due to N-deal" 4715:"Will discuss NSG U-turn with China Foreign Min: NSA" 4667:"NSG should address aspirations of others too: China" 4339:"Nuclear suppliers propose terms for U.S.-India deal" 2559: 2557: 2014:"Finally, it's done: India back on the nuclear train" 563:

Opposition to the Indo-US civilian agreement in India

4254:"NZ wants conditions written into nuclear agreement" 2584:"Report says China offered widespread help on nukes" 2240:"The Indo-U.S. nuclear debate from www.gulfnews.com" 1798:. International Atomic Energy Agency. Archived from 1030:

Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs

972:

opposing any special safeguards exemptions for India

571:

supported the deal along with regional parties like

510:, the agreement is thought to be a major victory to 7537:

Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration

7376: 7313: 7256: 7149: 7124: 7106: 7097: 6982: 6846: 6803: 6742: 6689: 6628: 6525: 6469: 6386: 6325: 6300: 6277: 6239: 6230: 6198: 6180: 6171: 6149: 6126: 6091: 6082: 6075: 6054: 5718:"Rice arrives, nuclear deal not to be signed today" 5606:"Bush hails Senate passage of Indo-US nuclear deal" 5028:. Chennai, India. September 7, 2008. Archived from 4819:. Uk.reuters.com. September 8, 2008. Archived from 4775:. Chennai, India. September 7, 2008. Archived from 4606:. In.reuters.com. September 1, 2008. Archived from 4480:. Chennai, India. September 9, 2008. Archived from 4394:"AFP: Britain hails landmark US-India nuclear deal" 4019:. Moscowtimes.ru. February 13, 2008. Archived from 3926:"U.S. plans nuclear rewrite to build NSG consensus" 1744:. US Government Publishing Office. January 3, 2006. 596:(BJP) cross-voting in the favor of the government. 6864:India-United States Defense Acceleration Ecosystem 6755:Detention and search of Indian VIPs at US airports 5874:"U.S. Firm to Build Six Nuclear Reactors in India" 5839:from the original on January 20, 2017 – via 5762:. Chennai, India. October 10, 2008. Archived from 5373:. Archived from the original on September 9, 2008. 5177: 5175: 4817:"China denies blocking India's nuclear waiver bid" 4604:"China state paper lashes India-U.S. nuclear deal" 4067:. Chennai, India. October 23, 2007. Archived from 1907:"Dateline Vienna: Thirty words that saved the day" 1669:Sultan, Maria; Mian Behzad Adil (September 2008). 6661:Consulate General of the United States, Hyderabad 5266:. Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. 4963:"India thanks NSG's Big Four for 'unique' waiver" 4939:. Chennai, India. October 1, 2008. Archived from 3251:"US can terminate N-deal if India conducts tests" 6676:Permanent Mission of India to the United Nations 6492:Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT) 6434:Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR) 5968:Copy of Final NSG Agreement of September 6, 2008 5872:Lee, Carol E.; Mauldin, William (June 7, 2016). 5524:. Chennai, India. August 8, 2008. Archived from 5518:"N-deal will be consistent with US domestic law" 5337:"India moves a step closer to U.S. nuclear pact" 4693:"India runs into the great wall of China at NSG" 3884: 3882: 3637:"India sends safeguards agreement to IAEA Board" 2526:"India unveils 'world's safest nuclear reactor'" 1756:"IAEA Board Approves India-Safeguards Agreement" 6666:Consulate General of the United States, Kolkata 6656:Consulate General of the United States, Chennai 6507:Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd. (NPCIL) 6487:Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Ltd. (BHAVINI) 5572: 5570: 4446:"New Zealand compromises on India nuclear deal" 4204:"India's N-deal hurdle: Pak warns of arms race" 3548:. Chellaney.spaces.live.com. September 21, 2008 3205:. Chennai, India. July 28, 2006. Archived from 2778:"Russia hints at smooth sail for India at IAEA" 2092:Done Deal: India, US seal landmark nuclear pact 1706:Office of the Press Secretary (June 18, 2005). 6884:United States India Political Action Committee 6760:Permanent Mission of India v. City of New York 6671:Consulate General of the United States, Mumbai 5464:"Was India misled by America on nuclear deal?" 5088:"Nuclear deal still on course: K Subrahmanyam" 5053:"Interests Drive U.S. to Back a Nuclear India" 4903:"Manmohan arrives in Washington, to meet Bush" 4239:India sees red as China voices n-deal concerns 3764:"IAEA board gets India's safeguards agreement" 3675:. Chennai, India. July 8, 2008. Archived from 3229:"U.S. and India Release Text of 123 Agreement" 2825:VandeHei, Jim; Linzer, Dafna (March 3, 2006). 2427:"U.S.-India Nuclear Energy Deal: What's Next?" 1075:, as well as then-vice presidential candidate 455:, along with certain U.S. ambassadors such as 6936: 6874:Satellite Instructional Television Experiment 6592: 6032: 5754:"Bush signs India-U.S. nuclear bill into law" 5676:"Condoleezza Rice leaves without inking deal" 5591:"Nuclear test will have serious consequences" 5439:"Serious implications for India in NSG draft" 4225:"India's NSG battle to focus on nuclear tech" 3845:. NDTV.com. September 6, 2008. Archived from 3589:"India submits draft safeguards pact to IAEA" 2748:"Condoleezza Rice Paks a proliferation punch" 2464:"Embassy of India: Nuclear Non-proliferation" 2449:"Hyde Act will haunt nuclear deal at NSG too" 2436:Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation 2065: 2063: 1856:"IAEA approves India nuclear inspection deal" 1167:"India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement" 8: 4101:"Switzerland to support India's case at NSG" 4043:"Breaking News, World News & Multimedia" 3819:. CNN-IBN. September 6, 2008. Archived from 3700:"Indian Government Survives Confidence Vote" 3147:. Uranium Information Center. Archived from 414:The Civil Liability for Nuclear Damages bill 190:and his counterpart then Secretary of State 6702:India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement 6543:India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement 6538:India's three stage nuclear power programme 6429:Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology 4334: 4332: 4002:"Japan to recognise India as nuclear state" 3843:"INDIA JOINS NUCLEAR CLUB, GETS NSG WAIVER" 3121:. World Nuclear Association. Archived from 3029:"The Indo-US nuclear deal – a decade after" 2422: 2420: 1602:India's three-stage nuclear power programme 644:, whose support was crucial for the ruling 7103: 6943: 6929: 6921: 6599: 6585: 6577: 6236: 6177: 6088: 6079: 6039: 6025: 6017: 5736:"Rice in India, may not sign nuclear deal" 5694:"Rice is here but deal still not on table" 5214:"N-trade: It's a $ 40 billion opportunity" 3873:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 3724:Indian gov't wins trust vote in parliament 2895:"Bush Officials Defend India Nuclear Deal" 2407: 2405: 2403: 1909:. Siddharth Varadarajan. September 8, 2008 675:On July 22, 2008, the UPA faced its first 6681:Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs 6651:Ambassadors of the United States to India 6641:Ambassadors of India to the United States 5992:(November 2007): INFCIRC/254/Rev.9/Part 1 4799:"China says it backs India's N-ambitions" 4652:"China says it backs India's N-ambitions" 3971:"France to back India at IAEA meet-India" 3916:Arms Control Association (September 2008) 3790:"N-deal: Getting NSG nod may not be easy" 3568:"Text of India-IAEA Safeguards Agreement" 2966:"Lok Sabha passes Nuclear Liability Bill" 2046:"Senate approves nuclear deal with India" 1678:South Asian Strategic Stability Institute 1218:Learn how and when to remove this message 1045:, in a letter to U.S. Secretary of State 76:Learn how and when to remove this message 5787:"US, India Sign Civilian Nuclear Accord" 5398:"Clinton woos Pakistan on security, aid" 4061:"Germany for end to India's N-isolation" 3941:"UK backs India's nuke energy ambitions" 3119:"Information and Issue Briefs – Thorium" 2071:"Bush signs bill on N-deal on October 8" 2012:Rajghatta, Chidanand (October 2, 2008). 89: 7527:Bilateral treaties of the United States 6775:Chennai Protest of Innocence of Muslims 6646:Embassy of the United States, New Delhi 6461:Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC) 5212:Laxman, Srinivas (September 11, 2008). 3635:Varadarajan, Siddharth (July 9, 2008). 3079:PTI Correspondent (February 18, 2010). 2444: 2442: 1661: 6911:Category:India–United States relations 6000:(March 2006): INFCIRC/254/Rev.7/Part 2 5376: 5322:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 5315: 5269: 5157: 5051:Sengupta, Somini (December 10, 2006). 5020:"Advantage India, says Brajesh Mishra" 4472:"Russia welcomes NSG waiver for India" 3669:"Left to withdraw support to UPA govt" 3100: 3090: 2991: 2981: 2946: 2936: 2857:Göttingen Journal of International Law 2754:. India. July 26, 2008. Archived from 2684: 2673: 1931:. AFP. October 1, 2008. Archived from 1824:Bajoria, Jayshree (November 5, 2010). 1247:Bush visits India for the first time. 993:, who has taught political science at 528:United States House of Representatives 341:and light water nuclear power plants. 6482:Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) 5560:"US House approves Indo-US nuke deal" 5417:"Now, Israel wants NSG rules changed" 4162:Harrison, Selig S. (April 23, 2006). 4017:"Russia, India Close on Nuclear Deal" 3817:"NSG CLEARS NUCLEAR WAIVER FOR INDIA" 2964:PTI Correspondent (August 25, 2010). 2919:PTI Correspondent (August 26, 2010). 1306:statement on the deal in Parliament. 862:, Chinese Assistant Foreign Minister 418:Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant 210:India and weapons of mass destruction 7: 7517:Nuclear history of the United States 6765:United States diplomatic cables leak 6404:Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) 4536:. Australia: ABC. September 12, 2008 4448:. News.xinhuanet.com. Archived from 4422:. News.xinhuanet.com. Archived from 3869:"Text of U.S. NSG Proposal on India" 3615:"PM wants to quit over nuclear deal" 2800:"Internet Archive's Wayback Machine" 1963:. September 29, 2008. Archived from 1156:adding citations to reliable sources 1043:U.S. House Foreign Affairs Committee 6964:43rd President of the United States 6697:Next Steps in Strategic Partnership 6439:Institute for Plasma Research (IPR) 6084:Three-stage nuclear power programme 5897:. September 6, 2016. Archived from 5785:Gollust, David (October 10, 2008). 5660:. February 14, 2018. Archived from 5189:. September 9, 2008. Archived from 4801:. September 6, 2008. Archived from 4743:. September 7, 2008. Archived from 4578:"NDTV.com: China, the main spoiler" 4558:. Deutsche Welle. September 9, 2008 4396:. September 6, 2008. Archived from 3197:"U.S. House votes for nuclear deal" 2827:"U.S., India Reach Deal On Nuclear" 2337:"India and US confirm nuclear pact" 1774:"India Safeguards Agreement Signed" 6795:Jam v. International Finance Corp. 6636:Embassy of India, Washington, D.C. 5789:. Voice of America. Archived from 4289:"NSG 'will seek clear conditions'" 3947:. January 23, 2008. Archived from 3698:Sengupta, Somini (July 23, 2007). 3056:Goel, Anish (September 12, 2014). 2859:. pp. 179–198. Archived from 1929:"India energized by nuclear pacts" 1883:. Outlookindia.com. Archived from 1634:Indian weapons of mass destruction 1105:been involved in this", said Rice. 940:National Thermal Power Corporation 685:Communist Party of India (Marxist) 462:While India is self-sufficient in 389:International Atomic Energy Agency 318:its own nuclear weapons technology 295:International Atomic Energy Agency 133:International Atomic Energy Agency 114:U.S.–India Civil Nuclear Agreement 25: 7281:As the subject of books and films 6477:Atomic Energy Commission of India 6424:High Altitude Research Laboratory 6012:Indo-US nuclear agreement- basics 5702:, October 5, 2008, archived from 5654:"N-deal faces last-minute glitch" 5144:"Hindu gods spike Chinese dragon" 4266:. August 20, 2008. Archived from 4164:"How to Regulate Nuclear Weapons" 3465:"Indian government survives vote" 3417:"Hyde Act not binding, says Bush" 3009:India's Nuclear Liability Dilemma 2382:"Indian government survives vote" 1629:Nuclear Command Authority (India) 620:2008 Lok Sabha vote of confidence 7445: 7444: 7088: 7081: 6906: 6905: 6618: 6608: 6307:Compact High Temperature Reactor 5812:"India, US seal 123 Agreement", 5245:"Tighten draft waiver for India" 4310:Carter, Jimmy (March 29, 2006). 3645:. Chennai, India. Archived from 2734:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2006.00515.x 2582:Vergano, Dan (August 29, 2008). 2284:"War of words & world views" 1571: 1557: 1132: 1079:, voted in support of the bill. 936:Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited 753:Versions of U.S. draft exemption 491:On March 2, 2006, in New Delhi, 34: 6821:Quadrilateral Security Dialogue 5441:. In.rediff.com. Archived from 3979:. July 15, 2008. Archived from 2893:Linzer, Dafna (July 20, 2005). 2362:Kumara, Kranti (July 3, 2008). 2292:. July 22, 2008. Archived from 1881:"outlookindia.com | wired" 1143:needs additional citations for 530:on July 26 and by 85–12 in the 6854:Bhutan–United States relations 6502:Homi Bhabha National Institute 5106:. July 3, 2009. Archived from 4995:"India nuclear deal rift ends" 2802:. June 6, 2007. Archived from 1791:Unattributed (July 25, 2008). 1012:Consideration by U.S. Congress 954:Other reactions over the issue 807:Reactions following the waiver 769:Initial support and opposition 434:Los Alamos National Laboratory 365:Rationale behind the agreement 1: 7542:India–United States relations 7532:Manmohan Singh administration 7035:Killian documents controversy 6615:India–United States relations 5962:Nuclear Suppliers Group links 4360:"Vienna blow to nuclear deal" 4312:"A Dangerous Deal With India" 3491:"The Pioneer > Columnists" 1826:"The U.S.-India Nuclear Deal" 1651:India–United States relations 1312:The CPI(M) General Secretary 1302:Prime Minister Singh makes a 1063:a number of other sanctions. 719:Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty 648:to prove its majority in the 557:Political opposition in India 542: 538: 430:Dr. Siegfried S. Hecker, PhD. 312:breeder reactor known as the 170:U.S. House of Representatives 7028:Military service controversy 6859:American Library (New Delhi) 6517:Uranium Corporation of India 6076:Nuclear reactor technologies 5187:Economictimes.indiatimes.com 4105:Economictimes.indiatimes.com 3752:International Business Times 2201:: 2020. 2007. Archived from 1860:International Herald Tribune 1830:Council on Foreign Relations 915:and noted Indian scientist, 658:, External Affairs Minister 522:Hyde Act Passage in the U.S. 314:Advanced Heavy Water Reactor 264:. The government survived a 161:which is not a party to the 7507:Nuclear technology in India 7497:Nuclear technology treaties 7345:41: A Portrait of My Father 6790:Devyani Khobragade incident 6497:Department of Atomic Energy 5544:September 10, 2008, at the 5469:September 10, 2008, at the 5422:September 22, 2008, at the 4344:September 19, 2008, at the 4294:September 20, 2008, at the 4087:September 24, 2008, at the 3907:Revised Indo-U.S. NSG Draft 2609:"Against nuclear apartheid" 2508:"A Thorium Breeder Reactor" 2432:September 16, 2008, at the 1624:Weapons of mass destruction 1618:Weapons of mass destruction 664:United Progressive Alliance 646:United Progressive Alliance 262:United Progressive Alliance 182:, into law, now called the 144:, a civil-military nuclear 7558: 6512:Indian Rare Earths Limited 6310:High-flux Research Reactor 5720:. NDTV.com. Archived from 5504:September 4, 2008, at the 4580:. Ndtv.com. Archived from 3912:September 9, 2008, at the 3014:November 29, 2010, at the 2550:. p. 18, paragraph 1. 2262:Indiatoday.digitaltoday.in 2258:"Second day of trust vote" 1646:Foreign relations of India 1586:Nuclear and energy related 1353:External Affairs Minister 1083:Formal signing of the deal 749:, and DB Venkatesh Varma. 617: 560: 207: 154:India's first nuclear test 7419: 7079: 6958: 6902: 6551: 6292:Fast Breeder Test Reactor 6200:Nuclear marine propulsion 6067:Tummalapalle uranium mine 5682:. India. October 5, 2008. 5407:, Reuters, July 19, 2010. 5383:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 5276:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 5164:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2490:"Nuclear Suppliers Group" 2097:October 13, 2008, at the 1050:resumed nuclear testing. 573:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 432:, former Director of the 370:Nuclear non-proliferation 142:Atomic Energy Act of 1954 7512:Nuclear history of India 7288:Fictionalized portrayals 6826:Malabar (naval exercise) 6714:2+2 Ministerial Dialogue 5403:August 10, 2010, at the 4259:National Business Review 4206:. CNN IBN. July 24, 2008 2649:nuclearweaponarchive.org 2414:Arms Control Association 1262:Non-Proliferation Treaty 1060:Arms Control Association 801:Arms Control Association 584:(SP) which was with the 506:Heavily endorsed by the 287:Non-Proliferation Treaty 163:Non-Proliferation Treaty 106:United States of America 48:may need to be rewritten 7072:Clinton Bush Haiti Fund 6838:CIA activities in India 6750:Hindu–German Conspiracy 6729:Indo-Abrahamic Alliance 5998:Nuclear Suppliers Group 5990:Nuclear Suppliers Group 5982:Nuclear Suppliers Group 5974:Nuclear Suppliers Group 5549:Economic Times of India 4737:"Beijing 'disappoints'" 3497:. India. Archived from 3062:Science & Diplomacy 2452:Economic Times of India 702:Nuclear Suppliers Group 408:to 20,000 MWe by 2020. 395:Economic considerations 302:Nuclear Suppliers Group 291:Nuclear Suppliers Group 150:Nuclear Suppliers Group 7172:running mate selection 6972:46th Governor of Texas 6533:Energy policy of India 6363:Rajasthan (Rawatbhata) 6182:Electricity generation 6048:Nuclear power in India 5936:India Government links 5859:World-nuclear-news.org 3896:on September 14, 2008. 2978:on September 23, 2011. 2048:. CNN. October 1, 2008 1612:Nuclear power in India 1597:Energy policy of India 1361:safeguards agreement. 1107: 1100: 883:Bharatiya Janata Party 624:Notes-for-Vote scandal 614:Indian parliament vote 611: 594:Bharatiya Janata Party 580:political levels. The 541:) and Senate version ( 334: 95: 7502:Nuclear proliferation 7065:Walker's Point Estate 7021:Presidential portrait 7000:Early life and career 6780:Raghunandan Yandamuri 6062:Jaduguda uranium mine 5914:U.S. Government links 5901:on September 6, 2016. 5724:on December 10, 2008. 5353:Press Trust of India 5193:on September 15, 2008 5032:on September 11, 2008 4747:on September 20, 2008 4514:on September 14, 2008 4484:on September 11, 2008 4379:May 20, 2011, at the 4023:on September 14, 2008 3951:on September 16, 2008 3823:on September 12, 2008 3397:on September 30, 2007 2851:Müller, Jörn (2009). 2722:International Affairs 2709:on December 12, 2008. 2633:on November 11, 2001. 2615:on December 12, 2008. 2229:, 109th Cong. (2006). 1887:on September 22, 2008 1687:on September 18, 2011 1607:Nuclear Liability Act 1102: 1098: 618:Further information: 606: 447:Since the end of the 387:, former head of the 359:Pokhran nuclear tests 329: 93: 7477:2006 in American law 7355:Portraits of Courage 7058:Prairie Chapel Ranch 7014:Presidential library 6785:MV Seaman Guard Ohio 6770:Syed Ghulam Nabi Fai 6399:Nuclear Fuel Complex 6387:Research and testing 6326:Nuclear Power Plants 6173:Light Water Reactors 5664:on December 6, 2008. 5368:"No. UN-19/08/India" 4975:on December 10, 2008 4853:on December 10, 2008 4779:on September 9, 2008 4610:on September 2, 2008 4584:on December 10, 2008 4400:on September 9, 2008 3849:on September 8, 2008 3802:on November 6, 2012. 3445:on February 19, 2008 3036:Currentscience.ac.in 2933:on November 6, 2012. 2758:on November 19, 2008 1836:on November 29, 2010 1805:on September 8, 2011 1152:improve this article 917:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam 762:further conditions. 590:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam 577:Rashtriya Janata Dal 532:United States Senate 487:Passing of Agreement 221:, also known as the 118:Indo-US nuclear deal 18:Indo-US nuclear deal 7042:authenticity issues 6373:Jaitapur (Proposed) 6333:Gorakhpur (Haryana) 6151:Stage III - Thorium 5766:on October 12, 2008 5706:on January 10, 2014 5616:on January 16, 2009 5528:on August 10, 2008. 5445:on December 7, 2008 5226:on November 6, 2012 4943:on December 5, 2008 4883:on December 5, 2008 4823:on January 13, 2009 4673:. September 6, 2008 4426:on January 13, 2009 4316:The Washington Post 4168:The Washington Post 3983:on November 6, 2012 3345:on January 15, 2008 3275:on January 15, 2008 3125:on November 7, 2006 2899:The Washington Post 2863:on January 17, 2016 2831:The Washington Post 2296:on November 6, 2012 2208:on October 20, 2017 2174:. January 26, 2015. 2156:. January 21, 2015. 2118:. October 10, 2008. 2116:2001-2009.state.gov 2026:on October 22, 2012 1967:on October 22, 2012 1943:– via Google. 1780:. February 2, 2009. 1510:Secretary of State 1237:and Prime Minister 1054:Passage in Congress 944:Larsen & Toubro 777:The Washington Post 537:The House version ( 401:Rejaul Karim Laskar 376:Bush administration 104:signed between the 7482:2006 in Indian law 7390:(2004 documentary) 6804:Military relations 6556:Electricity sector 6457:(Operation Shakti) 6378:Kovvada (Proposed) 6353:Madras (Kalpakkam) 5816:, October 11, 2008 5742:. October 4, 2008. 5699:The Times of India 5610:The Times of India 5304:on August 19, 2008 5219:The Times of India 5142:Bhadrakumar, M K. 5093:, October 13, 2007 5057:The New York Times 4877:The Indian Express 4741:The Times of India 4671:The Indian Express 4508:The Times of India 4452:on October 5, 2008 4191:Arms Control Today 3976:The Times of India 3795:The Times of India 3704:The New York Times 3593:The Times of India 3209:on August 21, 2006 3103:has generic name ( 3085:The Times of India 2994:has generic name ( 2971:The Times of India 2949:has generic name ( 2926:The Times of India 2752:The Economic Times 2289:The Times of India 2194:Harvard Law Review 2135:The New York Times 2019:The Times of India 1991:The Indian Express 1960:The Times of India 1397:Foreign Secretary 1281:December 18, 2006: 1274:November 16, 2006: 1101: 991:Kaveh L. Afrasiabi 913:President of India 632:returned from the 481:nuclear fuel cycle 473:thorium fuel cycle 425:Nuclear technology 410:India's parliament 96: 7522:Treaties of India 7459: 7458: 7252: 7251: 7051:Professional life 6918: 6917: 6869:NISAR (satellite) 6816:Exercise Red Flag 6574: 6573: 6419:Heavy Water Board 6321: 6320: 6317: 6316: 6232:Research reactors 6226: 6225: 6167: 6166: 6055:Uranium resources 5944:(meaindia.nic.in) 5841:National Archives 4805:on June 18, 2018. 4137:on July 18, 2013. 4107:. August 17, 2008 4071:on June 18, 2008. 3679:on August 2, 2008 3501:on August 9, 2020 3151:on April 27, 2006 2683:Missing or empty 2571:. pp. 31–36. 2246:on July 23, 2008. 1762:. August 1, 2008. 1725:National Archives 1640:Foreign relations 1399:Shivshankar Menon 1339:March 7–14, 2008: 1228: 1227: 1220: 1202: 995:Tehran University 906:non-proliferation 902:nuclear deterrent 731:Shivshankar Menon 650:Indian parliament 547:lame duck session 385:Mohamed ElBaradei 236:Vienna Convention 227:Atomic Energy Act 194:, on October 10. 86: 85: 78: 58:lead layout guide 16:(Redirected from 7549: 7452: 7448: 7447: 7438: 7429: 7412: 7402: 7392: 7369: 7365:Out of Many, One 7359: 7349: 7339: 7329: 7325:A Charge to Keep 7306: 7297: 7290: 7283: 7276: 7269: 7243: 7236: 7229: 7222: 7215: 7204: 7195: 7188: 7181: 7174: 7167: 7160: 7142: 7135: 7117: 7104: 7092: 7085: 7084: 7074: 7067: 7060: 7053: 7044: 7037: 7030: 7023: 7016: 7009: 7002: 6995: 6975: 6967: 6945: 6938: 6931: 6922: 6909: 6908: 6629:Diplomatic posts 6623: 6622: 6613: 6612: 6601: 6594: 6587: 6578: 6451:(Smiling Buddha) 6237: 6178: 6089: 6080: 6041: 6034: 6027: 6018: 5903: 5902: 5888: 5882: 5881: 5869: 5863: 5862: 5851: 5845: 5844: 5835:. 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August 3, 2007 3225: 3219: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3193: 3187: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3177:on March 6, 2006 3167: 3161: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3141: 3135: 3134: 3132: 3130: 3115: 3109: 3108: 3102: 3098: 3096: 3088: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3053: 3047: 3046: 3044: 3042: 3033: 3025: 3019: 3006: 3000: 2999: 2993: 2989: 2987: 2979: 2974:. Archived from 2961: 2955: 2954: 2948: 2944: 2942: 2934: 2929:. Archived from 2916: 2910: 2909: 2907: 2905: 2890: 2884: 2883: 2879: 2873: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2848: 2842: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2822: 2816: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2796: 2790: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2774: 2768: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2744: 2738: 2737: 2717: 2711: 2710: 2705:. Archived from 2699: 2693: 2692: 2686: 2681: 2679: 2671: 2659: 2653: 2652: 2641: 2635: 2634: 2629:. Archived from 2623: 2617: 2616: 2611:. Archived from 2605: 2599: 2598: 2596: 2594: 2579: 2573: 2572: 2570: 2564:Tellis, Ashley. 2561: 2552: 2551: 2549: 2543:Tellis, Ashley. 2540: 2534: 2533: 2522: 2516: 2515: 2504: 2498: 2497: 2486: 2480: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2466:. 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Archived from 1675: 1666: 1581: 1576: 1575: 1574: 1567: 1562: 1561: 1512:Condoleezza Rice 1445:Aug 21–22, 2008: 1355:Pranab Mukherjee 1332:March 3–6, 2008: 1223: 1216: 1212: 1209: 1203: 1201: 1160: 1136: 1128: 1047:Condoleezza Rice 1006:Brahma Chellaney 874:Indian reactions 727:Pranab Mukherjee 660:Pranab Mukherjee 457:Robert Blackwill 306:breeder reactors 275:Condoleezza Rice 258:communist allies 192:Condoleezza Rice 188:Pranab Mukherjee 112:is known as the 81: 74: 70: 67: 61: 54:improve the lead 38: 37: 30: 21: 7557: 7556: 7552: 7551: 7550: 7548: 7547: 7546: 7492:Energy treaties 7462: 7461: 7460: 7455: 7443: 7432: 7423: 7415: 7405: 7395: 7388:Fahrenheit 9/11 7385: 7378: 7372: 7362: 7352: 7342: 7335:Decision Points 7332: 7322: 7309: 7300: 7293: 7286: 7279: 7272: 7265: 7248: 7239: 7232: 7225: 7218: 7211: 7198: 7191: 7184: 7177: 7170: 7163: 7156: 7145: 7138: 7131: 7120: 7113: 7093: 7087: 7086: 7082: 7077: 7070: 7063: 7056: 7049: 7040: 7033: 7026: 7019: 7012: 7005: 6998: 6991: 6984: 6978: 6970: 6962: 6954: 6949: 6919: 6914: 6898: 6842: 6799: 6738: 6685: 6624: 6617: 6607: 6605: 6575: 6570: 6547: 6521: 6465: 6382: 6313: 6296: 6273: 6222: 6194: 6163: 6145: 6122: 6071: 6050: 6045: 5911: 5906: 5890: 5889: 5885: 5871: 5870: 5866: 5853: 5852: 5848: 5826: 5825: 5821: 5811: 5810: 5806: 5796: 5794: 5793:on July 3, 2009 5784: 5783: 5779: 5769: 5767: 5752: 5751: 5747: 5734: 5733: 5729: 5716: 5715: 5711: 5692: 5691: 5687: 5674: 5673: 5669: 5652: 5651: 5647: 5634: 5633: 5629: 5619: 5617: 5604: 5603: 5599: 5589: 5585: 5575: 5568: 5558: 5554: 5546:Wayback Machine 5537: 5533: 5516: 5515: 5511: 5506:Wayback Machine 5497: 5493: 5488:Washington Post 5483: 5479: 5471:Wayback Machine 5462: 5458: 5448: 5446: 5437: 5436: 5432: 5427:Hindustan Times 5424:Wayback Machine 5415: 5411: 5405:Wayback Machine 5396: 5392: 5375: 5370: 5366: 5365: 5361: 5357:(July 24, 2008) 5349: 5345: 5335: 5331: 5314: 5307: 5305: 5301: 5294: 5292:"Archived copy" 5290: 5289: 5285: 5268: 5258: 5257: 5253: 5243: 5239: 5229: 5227: 5211: 5210: 5206: 5196: 5194: 5181: 5180: 5173: 5156: 5149: 5147: 5141: 5140: 5136: 5131:Hindustan Times 5127: 5123: 5113: 5111: 5110:on July 3, 2009 5102: 5101: 5097: 5085: 5081: 5075: 5071: 5061: 5059: 5050: 5049: 5045: 5035: 5033: 5018: 5017: 5013: 5003: 5001: 4999:Gulf Daily News 4993: 4992: 4988: 4978: 4976: 4961: 4960: 4956: 4946: 4944: 4931: 4930: 4926: 4916: 4914: 4913:on May 24, 2011 4901: 4900: 4896: 4886: 4884: 4871: 4870: 4866: 4856: 4854: 4847:Hindustan Times 4841: 4840: 4836: 4826: 4824: 4815: 4814: 4810: 4797: 4796: 4792: 4782: 4780: 4765: 4764: 4760: 4750: 4748: 4735: 4734: 4730: 4720: 4718: 4713: 4712: 4708: 4698: 4696: 4691: 4690: 4686: 4676: 4674: 4665: 4664: 4660: 4655:Hindustan Times 4650:Neelesh Misra, 4649: 4645: 4635: 4633: 4628: 4627: 4623: 4613: 4611: 4602: 4601: 4597: 4587: 4585: 4576: 4575: 4571: 4561: 4559: 4554: 4553: 4549: 4539: 4537: 4532: 4531: 4527: 4517: 4515: 4502: 4501: 4497: 4487: 4485: 4470: 4469: 4465: 4455: 4453: 4444: 4443: 4439: 4429: 4427: 4418: 4417: 4413: 4403: 4401: 4392: 4391: 4387: 4381:Wayback Machine 4372: 4368: 4358: 4354: 4346:Wayback Machine 4337: 4330: 4320: 4318: 4309: 4308: 4304: 4296:Wayback Machine 4287: 4283: 4273: 4271: 4252: 4251: 4247: 4237: 4233: 4223: 4219: 4209: 4207: 4202: 4201: 4197: 4186: 4182: 4172: 4170: 4161: 4160: 4156: 4146: 4142: 4131:Hindustan Times 4125: 4124: 4120: 4110: 4108: 4099: 4098: 4094: 4089:Wayback Machine 4080: 4076: 4059: 4058: 4054: 4041: 4040: 4036: 4026: 4024: 4015: 4014: 4010: 4000: 3996: 3986: 3984: 3969: 3968: 3964: 3954: 3952: 3939: 3938: 3934: 3924: 3920: 3914:Wayback Machine 3905: 3901: 3888: 3887: 3880: 3867: 3866: 3862: 3852: 3850: 3841: 3840: 3836: 3826: 3824: 3815: 3814: 3807: 3788: 3787: 3783: 3773: 3771: 3762: 3761: 3757: 3747: 3743: 3734: 3730: 3722: 3718: 3708: 3706: 3697: 3696: 3692: 3682: 3680: 3667: 3666: 3662: 3652: 3650: 3634: 3633: 3629: 3619: 3617: 3613: 3612: 3608: 3598: 3596: 3587: 3586: 3582: 3575:Isis-online.org 3570: 3566: 3565: 3561: 3551: 3549: 3544: 3543: 3539: 3529: 3527: 3519: 3518: 3514: 3504: 3502: 3489: 3488: 3484: 3474: 3472: 3471:. July 22, 2008 3463: 3462: 3458: 3448: 3446: 3437: 3436: 3432: 3422: 3420: 3415: 3414: 3410: 3400: 3398: 3391:Hindustan Times 3385: 3384: 3380: 3370: 3368: 3363: 3362: 3358: 3348: 3346: 3337: 3336: 3332: 3322: 3320: 3315: 3314: 3310: 3300: 3298: 3293: 3292: 3288: 3278: 3276: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3249: 3248: 3244: 3234: 3232: 3227: 3226: 3222: 3212: 3210: 3195: 3194: 3190: 3180: 3178: 3169: 3168: 3164: 3154: 3152: 3143: 3142: 3138: 3128: 3126: 3117: 3116: 3112: 3099: 3089: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3055: 3054: 3050: 3040: 3038: 3031: 3027: 3026: 3022: 3016:Wayback Machine 3007: 3003: 2990: 2980: 2963: 2962: 2958: 2945: 2935: 2918: 2917: 2913: 2903: 2901: 2892: 2891: 2887: 2881: 2880: 2876: 2866: 2864: 2850: 2849: 2845: 2835: 2833: 2824: 2823: 2819: 2809: 2807: 2806:on June 6, 2007 2798: 2797: 2793: 2783: 2781: 2776: 2775: 2771: 2761: 2759: 2746: 2745: 2741: 2719: 2718: 2714: 2701: 2700: 2696: 2682: 2672: 2661: 2660: 2656: 2643: 2642: 2638: 2625: 2624: 2620: 2607: 2606: 2602: 2592: 2590: 2581: 2580: 2576: 2568: 2563: 2562: 2555: 2547: 2542: 2541: 2537: 2524: 2523: 2519: 2506: 2505: 2501: 2488: 2487: 2483: 2473: 2471: 2470:on July 8, 2006 2462: 2461: 2457: 2447: 2440: 2434:Wayback Machine 2425: 2418: 2410: 2401: 2391: 2389: 2388:. July 22, 2008 2380: 2379: 2375: 2361: 2360: 2356: 2346: 2344: 2343:. July 27, 2007 2335: 2334: 2330: 2320: 2318: 2314: 2313: 2309: 2299: 2297: 2282: 2281: 2277: 2267: 2265: 2256: 2255: 2251: 2238: 2237: 2233: 2225: 2221: 2211: 2209: 2205: 2188: 2184: 2183: 2179: 2166: 2165: 2161: 2148: 2147: 2143: 2128: 2127: 2123: 2110: 2109: 2105: 2099:Wayback Machine 2090: 2086: 2076: 2074: 2069: 2068: 2061: 2051: 2049: 2044: 2043: 2039: 2029: 2027: 2011: 2010: 2006: 1996: 1994: 1985: 1984: 1980: 1970: 1968: 1953: 1952: 1948: 1938: 1936: 1935:on May 20, 2011 1927: 1926: 1922: 1912: 1910: 1905: 1904: 1900: 1890: 1888: 1879: 1878: 1874: 1864: 1862: 1854: 1853: 1849: 1839: 1837: 1823: 1822: 1818: 1808: 1806: 1802: 1795: 1790: 1789: 1785: 1772: 1771: 1767: 1754: 1753: 1749: 1741: 1737: 1736: 1732: 1718: 1716: 1705: 1704: 1700: 1690: 1688: 1684: 1673: 1668: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1592:Energy security 1577: 1572: 1570: 1563: 1556: 1553: 1345:April 23, 2008: 1224: 1213: 1207: 1204: 1161: 1159: 1149: 1137: 1126: 1085: 1056: 1041:, chair of the 1033:Jeffrey Bergner 1028:and the Former 1026:Richard Boucher 1014: 999:Hillary Clinton 956: 948:Hindustan Times 898:K. Subrahmanyam 876: 859:Hindustan Times 814:Gordon Johndroe 809: 771: 755: 739:M. K. Narayanan 711: 694: 677:confidence vote 626: 616: 582:Samajwadi Party 565: 559: 524: 489: 445: 427: 397: 372: 367: 349:in May 1998 at 285:Parties to the 283: 266:confidence vote 212: 206: 159:nuclear weapons 146:Separation Plan 82: 71: 65: 62: 51: 39: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7555: 7553: 7545: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7464: 7463: 7457: 7456: 7454: 7453: 7440: 7439: 7435:Barack Obama → 7430: 7426:← Bill Clinton 7420: 7417: 7416: 7414: 7413: 7408:George W. Bush 7403: 7393: 7382: 7380: 7374: 7373: 7371: 7370: 7360: 7350: 7340: 7330: 7319: 7317: 7311: 7310: 7308: 7307: 7298: 7291: 7284: 7277: 7270: 7262: 7260: 7254: 7253: 7250: 7249: 7247: 7246: 7245: 7244: 7237: 7230: 7223: 7209: 7208: 7207: 7206: 7205: 7189: 7182: 7175: 7168: 7153: 7151: 7147: 7146: 7144: 7143: 7136: 7128: 7126: 7122: 7121: 7119: 7118: 7110: 7108: 7101: 7095: 7094: 7080: 7078: 7076: 7075: 7068: 7061: 7054: 7047: 7046: 7045: 7038: 7024: 7017: 7010: 7003: 6996: 6993:Childhood home 6988: 6986: 6980: 6979: 6977: 6976: 6968: 6959: 6956: 6955: 6952:George W. Bush 6950: 6948: 6947: 6940: 6933: 6925: 6916: 6915: 6903: 6900: 6899: 6897: 6896: 6891: 6886: 6881: 6876: 6871: 6866: 6861: 6856: 6850: 6848: 6844: 6843: 6841: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6829: 6828: 6818: 6813: 6807: 6805: 6801: 6800: 6798: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6746: 6744: 6740: 6739: 6737: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6710: 6709: 6699: 6693: 6691: 6687: 6686: 6684: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6632: 6630: 6626: 6625: 6606: 6604: 6603: 6596: 6589: 6581: 6572: 6571: 6569: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6552: 6549: 6548: 6546: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6529: 6527: 6523: 6522: 6520: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6484: 6479: 6473: 6471: 6467: 6466: 6464: 6463: 6458: 6452: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6414:Dhruva reactor 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6390: 6388: 6384: 6383: 6381: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6329: 6327: 6323: 6322: 6319: 6318: 6315: 6314: 6312: 6311: 6308: 6304: 6302: 6298: 6297: 6295: 6294: 6289: 6283: 6281: 6275: 6274: 6272: 6271: 6268: 6265: 6262: 6257: 6254: 6249: 6245: 6243: 6234: 6228: 6227: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6220: 6219: 6218: 6213: 6204: 6202: 6196: 6195: 6193: 6192: 6186: 6184: 6175: 6169: 6168: 6165: 6164: 6162: 6161: 6155: 6153: 6147: 6146: 6144: 6143: 6138: 6132: 6130: 6128:Stage II - FBR 6124: 6123: 6121: 6120: 6119: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6097: 6095: 6093:Stage I - PHWR 6086: 6077: 6073: 6072: 6070: 6069: 6064: 6058: 6056: 6052: 6051: 6046: 6044: 6043: 6036: 6029: 6021: 6015: 6014: 6008: 6007: 6003: 6002: 5994: 5986: 5978: 5970: 5964: 5963: 5959: 5958: 5951: 5950: 5946: 5945: 5938: 5937: 5933: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5916: 5915: 5910: 5909:External links 5907: 5905: 5904: 5883: 5864: 5846: 5832:whitehouse.gov 5819: 5814:Times of India 5804: 5777: 5745: 5727: 5709: 5685: 5680:Economic Times 5667: 5645: 5627: 5597: 5583: 5566: 5563:Times of India 5552: 5531: 5509: 5491: 5477: 5474:Indian Express 5456: 5430: 5409: 5390: 5359: 5355:Times of India 5343: 5329: 5283: 5251: 5237: 5204: 5171: 5134: 5121: 5095: 5086:Sheela Bhatt 5079: 5069: 5043: 5011: 4986: 4954: 4924: 4907:Thaindian News 4894: 4864: 4834: 4808: 4790: 4758: 4728: 4706: 4684: 4658: 4643: 4621: 4595: 4569: 4547: 4525: 4495: 4463: 4437: 4411: 4385: 4366: 4352: 4328: 4302: 4281: 4245: 4242:Times of India 4231: 4228:Times of India 4217: 4195: 4180: 4154: 4151:Times of India 4140: 4118: 4092: 4074: 4052: 4034: 4008: 3994: 3962: 3945:The Australian 3932: 3918: 3899: 3878: 3860: 3834: 3805: 3781: 3770:. July 9, 2008 3755: 3741: 3728: 3716: 3690: 3660: 3627: 3606: 3595:. July 9, 2008 3580: 3559: 3537: 3512: 3482: 3456: 3430: 3408: 3378: 3356: 3330: 3308: 3286: 3260: 3242: 3220: 3188: 3162: 3136: 3110: 3071: 3048: 3020: 3001: 2956: 2911: 2885: 2874: 2843: 2817: 2791: 2769: 2739: 2712: 2694: 2654: 2636: 2618: 2600: 2574: 2553: 2535: 2517: 2499: 2481: 2455: 2438: 2416: 2399: 2373: 2354: 2328: 2307: 2275: 2249: 2231: 2227:H.R. 5682 2219: 2177: 2159: 2141: 2121: 2103: 2084: 2059: 2037: 2004: 1993:. October 2008 1978: 1946: 1920: 1898: 1872: 1847: 1816: 1783: 1765: 1747: 1730: 1713:whitehouse.gov 1698: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1654: 1653: 1648: 1642: 1641: 1637: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1620: 1619: 1615: 1614: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1588: 1587: 1583: 1582: 1568: 1552: 1549: 1496:Sept 27, 2008: 1490:Sept 26, 2008: 1483:Sept 19, 2008: 1477:Sept 18, 2008: 1470:Sept 13, 2008: 1463:Sept 12, 2008: 1457:Sept 11, 2008: 1451:Sep 4–6, 2008: 1433:July 25, 2008: 1427:July 24, 2008: 1421:July 24, 2008: 1411:July 22, 2008: 1405:July 22, 2008: 1395:July 18, 2008: 1389:July 14, 2008: 1383:July 10, 2008: 1365:June 30, 2008: 1351:June 17, 2008: 1287:July 27, 2007: 1268:July 28, 2006: 1257:July 26, 2006: 1251:March 3, 2006: 1245:March 1, 2006: 1239:Manmohan Singh 1235:George W. Bush 1231:July 18, 2005: 1226: 1225: 1140: 1138: 1131: 1125: 1122: 1084: 1081: 1055: 1052: 1019:Manmohan Singh 1013: 1010: 983: 982: 979: 976: 973: 970: 967: 964: 955: 952: 924:Videocon Group 891:Brajesh Mishra 887:Yashwant Sinha 875: 872: 844:Times of India 833:People's Daily 808: 805: 770: 767: 754: 751: 723:Manmohan Singh 710: 707: 693: 690: 634:34th G8 summit 630:Manmohan Singh 615: 612: 561:Main article: 558: 555: 523: 520: 512:George W. Bush 497:Manmohan Singh 493:George W. Bush 488: 485: 444: 441: 426: 423: 396: 393: 371: 368: 366: 363: 282: 279: 260:of the ruling 247:Indian cabinet 205: 202: 129:George W. Bush 126:U.S. President 122:Manmohan Singh 84: 83: 43:The article's 42: 40: 33: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7554: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7472:2006 treaties 7470: 7469: 7467: 7451: 7442: 7441: 7437: 7436: 7431: 7428: 7427: 7422: 7421: 7418: 7411: 7409: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7384: 7383: 7381: 7375: 7367: 7366: 7361: 7357: 7356: 7351: 7347: 7346: 7341: 7337: 7336: 7331: 7327: 7326: 7321: 7320: 7318: 7316: 7312: 7304: 7299: 7296: 7292: 7289: 7285: 7282: 7278: 7275: 7271: 7268: 7264: 7263: 7261: 7259: 7255: 7242: 7238: 7235: 7231: 7228: 7224: 7221: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7213:2004 campaign 7210: 7203: 7202: 7197: 7196: 7194: 7190: 7187: 7183: 7180: 7176: 7173: 7169: 7166: 7162: 7161: 7159: 7158:2000 campaign 7155: 7154: 7152: 7148: 7141: 7137: 7134: 7130: 7129: 7127: 7125:Gubernatorial 7123: 7116: 7112: 7111: 7109: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7096: 7091: 7073: 7069: 7066: 7062: 7059: 7055: 7052: 7048: 7043: 7039: 7036: 7032: 7031: 7029: 7025: 7022: 7018: 7015: 7011: 7008: 7004: 7001: 6997: 6994: 6990: 6989: 6987: 6981: 6973: 6969: 6965: 6961: 6960: 6957: 6953: 6946: 6941: 6939: 6934: 6932: 6927: 6926: 6923: 6913: 6912: 6901: 6895: 6892: 6890: 6887: 6885: 6882: 6880: 6877: 6875: 6872: 6870: 6867: 6865: 6862: 6860: 6857: 6855: 6852: 6851: 6849: 6845: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6833:Tiger Triumph 6831: 6827: 6824: 6823: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6808: 6806: 6802: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6747: 6745: 6741: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6724:Namaste Trump 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6708: 6705: 6704: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6694: 6692: 6688: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6633: 6631: 6627: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6602: 6597: 6595: 6590: 6588: 6583: 6582: 6579: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6553: 6550: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6530: 6528: 6524: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6474: 6472: 6470:Organisations 6468: 6462: 6459: 6456: 6453: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6409:CIRUS reactor 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6391: 6389: 6385: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6330: 6328: 6324: 6309: 6306: 6305: 6303: 6299: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6284: 6282: 6280: 6276: 6269: 6266: 6263: 6261: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6247: 6246: 6244: 6242: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6229: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6208: 6206: 6205: 6203: 6201: 6197: 6191: 6188: 6187: 6185: 6183: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6170: 6160: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6152: 6148: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6133: 6131: 6129: 6125: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6103: 6102: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6094: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6081: 6078: 6074: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6059: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6042: 6037: 6035: 6030: 6028: 6023: 6022: 6019: 6013: 6010: 6009: 6005: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5995: 5993: 5991: 5987: 5985: 5983: 5979: 5977: 5975: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5965: 5961: 5960: 5957: 5953: 5952: 5948: 5947: 5943: 5940: 5939: 5935: 5934: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5917: 5913: 5912: 5908: 5900: 5896: 5895:Archive.today 5893: 5887: 5884: 5879: 5875: 5868: 5865: 5860: 5856: 5850: 5847: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5833: 5829: 5823: 5820: 5815: 5808: 5805: 5792: 5788: 5781: 5778: 5765: 5761: 5760: 5755: 5749: 5746: 5741: 5737: 5731: 5728: 5723: 5719: 5713: 5710: 5705: 5701: 5700: 5695: 5689: 5686: 5681: 5677: 5671: 5668: 5663: 5659: 5658:Deccan Harald 5655: 5649: 5646: 5641: 5637: 5631: 5628: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5601: 5598: 5595: 5592: 5587: 5584: 5581: 5578: 5573: 5571: 5567: 5564: 5561: 5556: 5553: 5550: 5547: 5543: 5540: 5535: 5532: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5513: 5510: 5507: 5503: 5500: 5495: 5492: 5489: 5486: 5481: 5478: 5475: 5472: 5468: 5465: 5460: 5457: 5444: 5440: 5434: 5431: 5428: 5425: 5421: 5418: 5413: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5399: 5394: 5391: 5386: 5380: 5369: 5363: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5347: 5344: 5341: 5338: 5333: 5330: 5325: 5319: 5300: 5293: 5287: 5284: 5279: 5273: 5265: 5261: 5255: 5252: 5249: 5246: 5241: 5238: 5225: 5221: 5220: 5215: 5208: 5205: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5178: 5176: 5172: 5167: 5161: 5145: 5138: 5135: 5132: 5129: 5125: 5122: 5114:September 22, 5109: 5105: 5099: 5096: 5092: 5089: 5083: 5080: 5077: 5073: 5070: 5058: 5054: 5047: 5044: 5031: 5027: 5026: 5021: 5015: 5012: 5000: 4996: 4990: 4987: 4974: 4970: 4969: 4964: 4958: 4955: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4928: 4925: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4898: 4895: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4868: 4865: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4838: 4835: 4822: 4818: 4812: 4809: 4804: 4800: 4794: 4791: 4778: 4774: 4773: 4768: 4762: 4759: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4732: 4729: 4717:. 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Hyde 211: 203: 201: 198: 195: 193: 189: 185: 181: 180:U.S. Congress 176: 171: 166: 164: 160: 155: 151: 147: 143: 138: 134: 130: 127: 123: 119: 115: 111: 107: 103: 102: 101:123 Agreement 92: 88: 80: 77: 69: 66:December 2021 59: 56:and read the 55: 49: 46: 41: 32: 31: 19: 7487:Arms control 7433: 7424: 7407: 7397: 7387: 7363: 7353: 7343: 7333: 7323: 7295:Miss Me Yet? 7258:Public image 7201:Bush v. Gore 7199: 7150:Presidential 6904: 6701: 6542: 6526:Other topics 5997: 5989: 5981: 5973: 5899:the original 5894: 5886: 5877: 5867: 5858: 5849: 5830: 5822: 5813: 5807: 5797:December 24, 5795:. Retrieved 5791:the original 5780: 5768:. Retrieved 5764:the original 5757: 5748: 5739: 5730: 5722:the original 5712: 5704:the original 5697: 5688: 5679: 5670: 5662:the original 5657: 5648: 5639: 5630: 5618:. Retrieved 5614:the original 5609: 5600: 5593: 5586: 5579: 5562: 5555: 5548: 5534: 5526:the original 5521: 5512: 5494: 5487: 5480: 5473: 5459: 5447:. 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