415:
forest areas. Tigers were still present in 14 protected areas in the 1990s, but none have been recorded in the country since 1997. The population in Laos and
Vietnam has declined significantly. According to the global tiger census of 2016, only two tigers were left in Laos and less than five in Vietnam. There is news of its extinction in both countries. In Laos, no tiger has been seen since 2013, when its populations were estimated at only two, and these two individuals vanished shortly after 2013 from Nam Et-Phou Louey National Protected Area, denoting they were most likely killed either by snare or gun. In Vietnam, a 2014
195:
29:
283:
50:
540:
1026:
Luo, S. J.; Kim, J.; Johnson, W. E.; van der Walt, J.; Martenson, J.; Yuhki, N.; Miquelle, D. G.; Uphyrkina, O.; Goodrich, J. M.; Quigley, H. B.; Tilson, R.; Brady, G.; Martelli, P.; Subramaniam, V.; McDougal, C.; Hean, S.; Huang, S.; Pan, W.; Karanth, U.; Sunquist, M.; Smith, J. L. D. & O'Brien,
383:
National
Protected Area during surveys from 2013 to 2017, covering four blocks of about 200 km (77 sq mi) semi-evergreen and evergreen forest that are interspersed with some patches of grassland. More recent surveys have failed to detect any tigers, and the likelihood is that they have
530:
In
Myanmar's Hukaung Valley, the Yuzana Corporation, alongside local authorities, has expropriated more than 200,000 acres (81,000 ha) of land from more than 600 households since 2006. Much of the trees have been logged, and the land has been transformed into plantations. Some of the land taken
414:
From the 1960s and earlier, the
Indochinese tiger occurred throughout the mountains in Vietnam, even in the midlands and Islands. In the report of the Government of Vietnam at the Tiger Forum in 2004, there would be tigers in only 17 provinces and they were living in fragmented and severely degraded
722:
Kitchener, A. C.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Eizirik, E.; Gentry, A.; Werdelin, L.; Wilting, A.; Yamaguchi, N.; Abramov, A. V.; Christiansen, P.; Driscoll, C.; Duckworth, J. W.; Johnson, W.; Luo, S.-J.; Meijaard, E.; O’Donoghue, P.; Sanderson, J.; Seymour, K.; Bruford, M.; Groves, C.; Hoffmann, M.;
517:
Between 1970 and 1993, South Korea imported 607 kg (1,338 lb) of tiger bones from
Thailand and 2,415 kg (5,324 lb) from China between 1991 and 1993. Between 2001 and 2010, wildlife markets were surveyed in Myanmar, Thailand, and Laos. During 13 surveys, 157 body parts of tigers
513:
for more than 1,500 years and is either added to medicinal wine, used in the form of powder, or boiled to a glue-like consistency. More than 40 different formulae containing tiger bone were produced by at least 226 Chinese companies in 1993. Tiger bone glue is a popular medicine among urban
554:, making international trade illegal. China, South Korea, Vietnam, Singapore, and Taiwan banned trade in tigers and sale of medicinal derivatives. Manufacture of tiger-based medicine was banned in China, and the open sale of tiger-based medicine reduced significantly since 1995.
526:
Between 2000 and 2011, 641 tigers, both live and dead, were seized in 196 incidents in
Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and China; 275 tigers were suspected to have leaked into trade from captive facilities. China was the most common destination of the seized tigers.
557:
Patrolling in
Thailand's Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary has been intensified since 2006 so that poaching appears to have been reduced, resulting in a marginal improvement of tiger survival and recruitment. By autumn 2016, at least two individuals had
302:. Males range in size from 255 to 285 cm (100 to 112 in) and in weight, from 150 to 195 kg (331 to 430 lb). Females range in size from 230 to 255 cm (91 to 100 in) and in weight, from 100 to 130 kg (220 to 290 lb).
531:
by the Yazana
Corporation had been deemed tiger transit corridors. These are areas of land that were supposed to be left untouched by development in order to allow the region's Indochinese tigers to travel between protected pockets of reservation land.
430:, where it probably does not survive today. Thus, probably the Indochinese tiger now only survives in Thailand and Myanmar. In Yunnan's Shangyong Nature Reserve, three individuals were detected during surveys carried out from 2004 to 2009.
230:. In 2011, the population was thought to comprise 342 individuals, including 85 in Myanmar and 20 in Vietnam, with the largest population unit surviving in Thailand, estimated at 189 to 252 individuals during the period 2009 to 2014.
522:
in places with a large sex industry. Tiger bone wine was offered foremost in shops catering to
Chinese customers. Traditional medicine accounted for a large portion of products sold and exported to China, Laos, and Vietnam.
1919:. First International Symposium on Endangered Species Used in Traditional East Asian Medicine: Substitutes for Tiger Bone and Musk. Hong Kong: TRAFFIC East Asia and the Chinese Medicinal Material Research Centre.
2138:
Phumanee, W.; Steinmetz, R.; Phoonjampa, R.; Weingdow, S.; Phokamanee, S.; Bhumpakphan, N. & Savini, T. (2021). "Tiger density, movements, and immigration outside of a tiger source site in
Thailand".
256:
In 2017, the Cat Classification Task Force of the Cat Specialist Group revised felid taxonomy and now recognizes the tiger populations of mainland South and Southeast Asia as belonging to the nominate
376:
was estimated at 0.32–1.21 individuals per 100 km (39 sq mi). Three subadult tigers were photographed in spring 2020 in a remote region of Thailand that are thought to be dispersing.
274:
analysis of 32 tiger specimens. The specimens from Malaysia and Indochina appeared to be distinct from other mainland Asian populations, thus supporting the concept of six living subspecies.
589:
The Indochinese tiger is the least represented in captivity and is not part of a coordinated breeding program. As of 2007, 14 individuals were recognized as Indochinese tigers based on
975:
Walston, J.; Robinson, J. G.; Bennett, E. L.; Breitenmoser, U.; da Fonseca, G. A. B.; Goodrich, J.; Gumal, M.; Hunter, L.; Johnson, A.; Karanth, K.U. & Leader-Williams, N. (2010).
1538:
1229:
Ash, E.; Hallam, C.; Chanteap, P.; Kaszta, Ż.; Macdonald, D.W.; Rojanachinda, W.; Redford, T. & Harihar, A. (2020). "Estimating the density of a globally important tiger (
2083:
Duangchantrasiri, S.; Umponjan, M.; Simcharoen, S.; Pattanavibool, A.; Chaiwattana, S.; Maneerat, S.; Kumar, N. S.; Jathanna, D.; Srivathsa, A. & Karanth, K.U. (2016).
357:
1480:
2183:
1563:
1650:
1401:
Gray, T.N.E.; Ou, R.; Huy, K.; Pin, C. & Maxwell, A.L. (2012). "The status of large mammals in eastern Cambodia: a review of camera trapping data 1999–2007".
314:
study, using 134 tiger samples across the global range, suggest that the historical northwestern distribution limit of the Indochinese tiger is the region in the
2515:
345:. Camera trap surveys between 2016 and 2018 revealed about 22 adult individuals in three sites that represent 8% of the potential tiger habitat in the country.
446:
of 70.2 ± 33.2 km (27.1 ± 12.8 sq mi) and males of 267.6 ± 92.4 km (103.3 ± 35.7 sq mi).
2360:
1705:
Goodrich, J.; Lynam, A.; Miquelle, D.; Wibisono, H.; Kawanishi, K.; Pattanavibool, A.; Htun, S.; Tempa, T.; Karki, J.; Jhala, Y. & Karanth, U. (2015).
750:
Goodrich, J.; Lynam, A.; Miquelle, D.; Wibisono, H.; Kawanishi, K.; Pattanavibool, A.; Htun, S.; Tempa, T.; Karki, J.; Jhala, Y. & Karanth, U. (2015).
724:
310:
The Indochinese tiger is distributed in Myanmar, Thailand and Laos. Its historical range also included Cambodia, southern China and Vietnam. Results of a
1666:"Documenting the demise of tiger and leopard, and the status of other carnivores and prey, in Lao PDR's most prized protected area: Nam et – Phou louey"
361:
1268:
Ash, E.; Kaszta, Ż.; Noochdumrong, A.; Redford, T.; Chanteap, P.; Hallam, C.; Jaroensuk, B.; Raksat, S.; Srinoppawan, K. & Macdonald, D.W. (2020).
2284:
Luo, S. J.; Johnson, W. E.; Martenson, J.; Antunes, A.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Traylor-Holzer, K.; Smith, J. L. D. & O'Brien, S. J. (2008).
1326:"Documenting the demise of tiger and leopard, and the status of other carnivores and prey, in Lao PDR's most prized protected area: Nam Et-Phou Louey"
2450:
2476:
360:. Camera trap surveys from 2008 to 2017 in eastern Thailand detected about 17 adult tigers in an area of 4,445 km (1,716 sq mi) in
2556:
341:
is an important area, but forests are harvested there. In 2015, tigers were recorded by camera traps for the first time in the hill forests of
1512:
449:
Between 2013 and 2015, 11 prey species were identified at 150 kill sites. They ranged in weight from 3 to 287 kg (6.6 to 632.7 lb).
290:
The Indochinese tiger’s ground colouration is darker, with more rather short and narrow single stripes; its skull is smaller than that of the
2586:
2067:
817:
Liu, Y.-C.; Sun, X.; Driscoll, C.; Miquelle, D. G.; Xu, X.; Martelli, P.; Uphyrkina, O.; Smith, J. L. D.; O’Brien, S. J.; Luo, S.-J. (2018).
518:
were found, representing at least 91 individuals. Whole skins were the most commonly traded parts. Bones, paws, and penises were offered as
395:
during surveys between 1999 and 2007. In 2016, the Cambodian government declared that the tiger was "functionally extinct". In April 2023,
2012:
2221:. Vientiane: IUCN-The World Conservation Union / Wild life Conservation Society / Centre for Protected Areas and Watershed Management.
918:
353:
2226:
2263:
1082:
Lynam, A. J.; Saw Tun Khaing & Khin Maung Zaw (2006). "Developing a national tiger action plan for the Union of Myanmar".
2507:
2196:
295:
2481:
725:"A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group"
2242:
1841:
Simcharoen, A.; Savini, T.; Gale, G. A.; Simcharoen, S.; Duangchantrasiri, S.; Pakpien, S. & Smith, J. L. D. (2014).
1615:
Lynam, A.J. (2010). "Securing a future for wild Indochinese tigers: transforming tiger vacuums into tiger source sites".
2576:
510:
330:
2415:
2566:
2502:
1590:
684:
388:
1992:
1306:
1198:
are there in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand? An estimate using photographic capture-recapture sampling"
1878:
Pakpien, S.; Simcharoen, A.; Duangchantrasiri, S.; Chimchome, V.; Pongpattannurak, N. & Smith, J. L. D. (2017).
1422:"Future governance options for large-scale land acquisition in Cambodia: impacts on tree cover and tiger landscapes"
1135:"First structured camera-trap surveys in Karen State, Myanmar, reveal high diversity of globally threatened mammals"
2520:
2032:
2561:
1166:
691:
677:
373:
49:
194:
2571:
2286:"Subspecies genetic assignments of worldwide captive tigers increase conservation value of captive populations"
1818:
Feng, L.; Wang, L.; Wang, B.; Smith, J.L. & Zhang, L. (2013). "Population status of the Indochinese tiger (
567:
408:
37:
2213:
1822:) and density of the three primary ungulate prey species in Shangyong Nature Reserve, Xishuangbanna, China".
369:
271:
438:
In Thailand's Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, seven female and four male tigers were equipped with GPS
2377:
608:
563:
400:
392:
365:
349:
315:
214:
172:
2085:"Dynamics of a low-density tiger population in Southeast Asia in the context of improved law enforcement"
1374:
578:
1972:
1456:
2437:
2297:
2191:. Bangkok, Thailand: Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning. p. 234.
2148:
2096:
1943:
1677:
1433:
1337:
1242:
1091:
879:
830:
559:
1729:
700:
474:
325:
In Myanmar, surveys were conducted between 1999 and 2002, confirming the presence of tigers in the
282:
249:
in 1968 based on skin colouration, marking pattern, and skull dimensions. It was named in honor of
1793:
1366:
2323:
2164:
2120:
1461:
1115:
957:
799:
640:
404:
334:
44:
246:
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2315:
2222:
2192:
2112:
2063:
2055:
1774:
1632:
1107:
1064:
1008:
914:
848:
633:
380:
319:
28:
1192:
Simcharoen, S.; Pattanavibool, A.; Karanth, K. U.; Nichols, J. D. & Kumar, N. S. (2007).
906:
2494:
2305:
2156:
2104:
1951:
1895:
1858:
1764:
1724:
1685:
1624:
1451:
1441:
1345:
1285:
1250:
1209:
1146:
1099:
1054:
1044:
998:
988:
947:
887:
838:
791:
590:
551:
338:
819:"Genome-wide evolutionary analysis of natural history and adaptation in the world's tigers"
2581:
2528:
1539:"India and Cambodia Sign Pact For Tiger Translocation As Project Tiger Completes 50 Years"
1387:
399:
signed a memorandum of understanding with Cambodia to assist the country with the tiger's
242:
155:
427:
2301:
2152:
2100:
1947:
1681:
1437:
1341:
1246:
1095:
883:
834:
1751:
Kang, A.; Xie, Y.; Tang, J.; Sanderson, E. W.; Ginsburg, J. R. & Zhang, E. (2010).
1486:
1003:
976:
660:
628:
544:
506:
466:
326:
311:
299:
219:
1059:
1028:
2550:
2489:
2168:
2084:
1842:
1769:
1752:
1715:
1706:
1628:
1481:"50 years of Project Tiger: India considers translocating a few big cats to Cambodia"
1465:
1307:"Endangered tigers captured on camera in Thailand bolster hope for species' survival"
760:
751:
650:
623:
618:
416:
2327:
1119:
803:
2429:
2124:
613:
291:
1270:"Opportunity for Thailand's forgotten tigers: assessment of the Indochinese Tiger
782:
Mazák, V. (1968). "Nouvelle sous-espèce de tigre provenant de l'Asie du sud-est".
1930:
Davis, E. O.; Willemsen, M.; Dang, V.; O’Connor, D. & Glikman, J. A. (2020).
1446:
1421:
1254:
1049:
993:
891:
2463:
2409:
1956:
1931:
1690:
1665:
1350:
1325:
1233:) population: Using simulations to evaluate survey design in Eastern Thailand".
655:
519:
450:
342:
250:
131:
2011:
Stoner, S.; Krishnasamy, K.; Wittmann, T.; Delean, S. & Cassey, P. (2016).
795:
2310:
2285:
1863:
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1269:
1214:
1193:
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843:
818:
645:
574:
470:
443:
257:
111:
2400:
1900:
1879:
1491:
490:
462:
439:
264:
101:
61:
2319:
2116:
1932:"An updated analysis of the consumption of tiger products in urban Vietnam"
1778:
1636:
1111:
1068:
1012:
866:
Mazák, V. & Groves, C. P. (2006). "A taxonomic revision of the tigers (
852:
2533:
2394:
502:
486:
348:
More than half of the total Indochinese tiger population survives in the
227:
141:
81:
2344:
2455:
2108:
961:
478:
454:
223:
121:
2468:
539:
384:
been extirpated as a result of poaching, fueled by demand from China.
298:, have 21–31 stripes. In body size, it is smaller than the Bengal and
2160:
1847:
home range size and prey abundance: important metrics for management"
570:
in 2016, indicating that the population was breeding and recovering.
423:
91:
71:
2371:
1651:"WWF celebrates tiger numbers on the rise for Global Tiger Day 2016"
1604:. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. pp. 55–65.
952:
935:
1664:
Rasphone, A.; Kéry, M.; Kamler, J.F. & Macdonald, D.W. (2019).
1324:
Rasphone, A.; Kéry, M.; Kamler, J.F. & Macdonald, D.W. (2019).
977:"Bringing the Tiger Back from the Brink – The Six Percent Solution"
2060:
Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-Dominated Landscapes
1884:) Hunting Success in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand"
911:
Riding the Tiger: Tiger Conservation in Human-Dominated Landscapes
907:"Tiger distribution, phenotypic variation and conservation issues"
603:
538:
482:
396:
281:
267:
2442:
1974:
Killed for a Cure: A Review of the Worldwide Trade in Tiger Bone
458:
2375:
2212:
Duckworth, J. W.; Salter, R. E.; Khounboline, K., eds. (1999).
2058:. In Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S. & Jackson, P. (eds.).
1133:
Saw Sha Bwe Moo; Froese, G. Z. L. & Gray, T. N. E. (2017).
419:
report indicated that tigers were possibly extinct in Vietnam.
1753:"Historic distribution and the recent loss of tigers in China"
263:. Results of a genetic study published in 2018 supported six
2062:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 217–229.
909:. In Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S.; Jackson, P. (eds.).
364:. Several individuals had cubs. The population density in
294:. Eleven Indochinese tiger skins in the collection of the
2185:
Thailand Red Data : Mammals, Reptiles and Amphibians
913:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 19–39.
566:; six cubs were observed in Mae Wong and the contiguous
1880:"Ecological Covariates at Kill Sites Influence Tiger (
442:
between June 2005 and August 2011. Females had a mean
1602:
Wild Cats: status survey and conservation action plan
1420:
Debonne, N.; van Vliet, J. & Verburg, P. (2019).
1167:"PR: Announcement of Minimum Tiger number in Myanmar"
550:
Since 1993, the Indochinese tiger has been listed on
2361:"Information on Tigers in the Greater Mekong region"
1513:"Why some tigers from India may be sent to Cambodia"
2384:
43:
21:
387:In eastern Cambodia, tigers were last recorded in
465:were most frequently killed, but also remains of
2033:"World's Largest Tiger Reserve 'Bereft of Cats'"
1029:"Phylogeography and Genetic Ancestry of Tigers (
358:tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
322:basin, bordering the range of the Bengal tiger.
573:In Thailand and Laos, this tiger is considered
2243:"Wildlife Species Protected by Law in Vietnam"
2056:"The beginning of the end of tigers in trade?"
1730:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T15955A50659951.en
2020:. Selangor, Malaysia: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia.
2000:. Selangor, Malaysia: TRAFFIC Southeast Asia.
8:
1457:1871.1/1dced676-560b-46fb-a7c5-e0c888c5cff1
777:
775:
717:
715:
352:in Thailand, especially in the area of the
2372:
1917:The Research on Substitutes for Tiger Bone
723:Nowell, K.; Timmons, Z.; Tobe, S. (2017).
193:
27:
18:
2309:
1994:The Big Cat Trade in Myanmar and Thailand
1955:
1899:
1862:
1768:
1728:
1689:
1568:Vietnam Academy of Science and technology
1455:
1445:
1349:
1289:
1213:
1150:
1058:
1048:
1002:
992:
951:
842:
403:. At least 90 acres (36 ha) of the
2215:Wildlife in Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report
1980:. Cambridge, UK: TRAFFIC International.
1971:Mills, J. A. & Jackson, P. (1994).
711:
593:of 105 captive tigers in 14 countries.
509:. Tiger bone has been an ingredient in
2182:Nabhitabhata, J.; Chan-ard, T. (200).
2054:Hemley, G. & Mills, G. A. (1999).
1383:
1372:
1274:and its prey with camera-trap surveys"
745:
743:
741:
422:In China, it occurred historically in
379:In Laos, 14 tigers were documented in
202:Distribution of the Indochinese tiger
2014:Reduced to skin and bones re-examined
1589:Nowell, K. & Jackson, P. (1996).
411:could be used to host Bengal tigers.
362:Dong Phayayen–Khao Yai Forest Complex
7:
2345:"Tiger. Northern Indochinese tiger (
1403:Cambodian Journal of Natural History
1716:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
761:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
501:The primary threat to the tiger is
1426:Environmental Science & Policy
1367:"In Search of the Clouded Leopard"
354:Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary
16:Tiger population in Southeast Asia
14:
2141:Conservation Science and Practice
1770:10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00221.x
1629:10.1111/j.1749-4877.2010.00220.x
245:for this specific population by
48:
1936:Global Ecology and Conservation
1915:Li, C. & Zhang, D. (1997).
1670:Global Ecology and Conservation
1330:Global Ecology and Conservation
333:and in two small areas in the
296:Natural History Museum, London
1:
2557:Environment of Southeast Asia
2353:IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group
1888:Tropical Conservation Science
1511:Explained Desk (2023-03-27).
218:subspecies that is native to
2587:National symbols of Thailand
1447:10.1016/j.envsci.2018.12.031
1255:10.1016/j.biocon.2019.108349
1050:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020442
994:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000485
892:10.1016/j.mambio.2006.02.007
511:traditional Chinese medicine
331:Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary
222:. This population occurs in
2264:"Myanmar National Red List"
1957:10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00960
1691:10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00766
1351:10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00766
685:Panthera tigris trinilensis
389:Mondulkiri Protected Forest
374:Dong Yai Wildlife Sanctuary
356:. This habitat consists of
2605:
1794:"How Laos lost its tigers"
1564:"Tiger species in Vietnam"
796:10.1515/mamm.1968.32.1.104
734:(Special Issue 11): 66–68.
609:Mainland Asian populations
2311:10.1016/j.cub.2008.03.053
1864:10.1017/S0030605312001408
1291:10.1017/S0030605319000589
1215:10.1017/S0030605307414107
1152:10.1017/S0030605316001113
1104:10.1007/s00267-004-0273-9
844:10.1016/j.cub.2018.09.019
692:Panthera tigris acutidens
678:Panthera tigris soloensis
577:, while it is considered
493:species were identified.
201:
192:
45:Scientific classification
36:Indochinese tiger at the
35:
26:
2416:Panthera tigris corbetti
2386:Panthera tigris corbetti
1901:10.1177/1940082917719000
1824:Acta Theriologica Sinica
1820:Panthera tigris corbetti
1479:Roy, Esha (2023-03-26).
1272:Panthera tigris corbetti
1084:Environmental Management
641:Sunda island populations
581:in Vietnam and Myanmar.
568:Khlong Lan National Park
409:Tatai Wildlife Sanctuary
306:Distribution and habitat
239:Panthera tigris corbetti
38:Berlin Zoological Garden
1235:Biological Conservation
370:Pang Sida National Park
286:Young Indochinese tiger
272:whole genome sequencing
212:is a population of the
1991:Oswell, A. H. (2010).
1382:Cite journal requires
1365:Lofthouse, R. (2019).
905:Kitchener, A. (1999).
870:) of Southeast Asia".
564:Mae Wong National Park
547:
514:Vietnamese consumers.
393:Virachey National Park
366:Thap Lan National Park
350:Western Forest Complex
316:Chittagong Hill Tracts
287:
215:Panthera tigris tigris
1723:: e.T15955A50659951.
579:Critically Endangered
542:
434:Behaviour and ecology
285:
2089:Conservation Biology
1894:: 1940082917719000.
768:: e.T15955A50659951.
675:Prehistoric tigers:
2577:Mammals of Thailand
2302:2008CBio...18..592L
2153:2021ConSP...3E.560P
2101:2016ConBi..30..639D
2031:Martov, S. (2012).
1948:2020GEcoC..2200960D
1757:Integrative Zoology
1682:2019GEcoC..2000766R
1617:Integrative Zoology
1438:2019ESPol..94....9D
1342:2019GEcoC..2000766R
1247:2020BCons.24108349A
1096:2006EnMan..37...30L
884:2006MamBi..71..268M
835:2018CBio...28E3840L
701:Holocene extinction
475:Old World porcupine
2567:Mammals of Myanmar
2109:10.1111/cobi.12655
1792:Hance, J. (2019).
1562:Thanh, V. (2012).
1537:Patil, A. (2023).
1517:The Indian Express
1305:Regan, H. (2020).
934:Mazák, V. (1981).
548:
405:Cardamom Mountains
335:Tanintharyi Region
288:
241:was proposed as a
22:Indochinese tiger
2544:
2543:
2378:Taxon identifiers
2069:978-0-521-64835-6
1595:(Linnaeus, 1758)"
1194:"How many tigers
944:Mammalian Species
872:Mammalian Biology
829:(23): 3840–3849.
634:South China tiger
604:Tiger populations
381:Nam Et-Phou Louey
320:Brahmaputra River
210:Indochinese tiger
206:
205:
186:Indochinese tiger
173:P. t. tigris
162:
2594:
2562:Mammals of China
2537:
2536:
2524:
2523:
2511:
2510:
2498:
2497:
2485:
2484:
2472:
2471:
2459:
2458:
2446:
2445:
2433:
2432:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2373:
2368:
2356:
2332:
2331:
2313:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2268:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2247:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2220:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2190:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2161:10.1111/csp2.560
2135:
2129:
2128:
2080:
2074:
2073:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1772:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1732:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1599:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1549:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1459:
1449:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1385:
1380:
1378:
1370:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1321:
1315:
1314:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1062:
1052:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1006:
996:
972:
966:
965:
955:
931:
925:
924:
902:
896:
895:
863:
857:
856:
846:
814:
808:
807:
779:
770:
769:
747:
736:
735:
729:
719:
591:genetic analysis
552:CITES Appendix I
505:for the illegal
339:Tenasserim Hills
261:P. tigris tigris
197:
188:
176:
161:
159:
53:
52:
31:
19:
2604:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2591:
2572:Mammals of Laos
2547:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2532:
2529:Observation.org
2527:
2519:
2514:
2506:
2501:
2493:
2488:
2480:
2475:
2467:
2462:
2454:
2449:
2441:
2436:
2428:
2423:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2380:
2359:
2343:
2340:
2335:
2290:Current Biology
2283:
2282:
2278:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2250:www.traffic.org
2245:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2218:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2199:
2188:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2070:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2038:
2036:
2035:. The Irrawaddy
2030:
2029:
2025:
2017:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1997:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1977:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1882:Panthera tigris
1877:
1876:
1872:
1845:Panthera tigris
1840:
1839:
1835:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1802:
1800:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1735:
1733:
1709:Panthera tigris
1704:
1703:
1699:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1597:
1593:Panthera tigris
1588:
1587:
1583:
1573:
1571:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1547:
1545:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1522:
1520:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1496:
1494:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1381:
1371:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1231:Panthera tigris
1228:
1227:
1223:
1196:Panthera tigris
1191:
1190:
1186:
1176:
1174:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1031:Panthera tigris
1025:
1024:
1020:
987:(9): e1000485.
974:
973:
969:
953:10.2307/3504004
938:Panthera tigris
933:
932:
928:
921:
904:
903:
899:
868:Panthera tigris
865:
864:
860:
823:Current Biology
816:
815:
811:
781:
780:
773:
754:Panthera tigris
749:
748:
739:
727:
721:
720:
713:
709:
697:
669:
599:
587:
537:
499:
436:
312:phylogeographic
308:
300:Siberian tigers
280:
278:Characteristics
247:Vratislav Mazák
243:scientific name
236:
184:
170:
160:
153:
47:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2549:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2525:
2512:
2499:
2486:
2473:
2460:
2447:
2434:
2421:
2406:
2390:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2357:
2347:P. t. corbetti
2339:
2338:External links
2336:
2334:
2333:
2296:(8): 592–596.
2276:
2255:
2234:
2227:
2204:
2197:
2174:
2130:
2095:(3): 639–648.
2075:
2068:
2046:
2023:
2003:
1983:
1963:
1922:
1907:
1870:
1857:(3): 370–377.
1843:"Female tiger
1833:
1810:
1784:
1763:(4): 335–341.
1743:
1697:
1656:
1642:
1623:(4): 324–334.
1607:
1581:
1554:
1529:
1503:
1487:Indian Express
1471:
1412:
1393:
1384:|journal=
1357:
1316:
1297:
1284:(2): 204–211.
1260:
1221:
1208:(4): 447–453.
1184:
1158:
1145:(3): 537–543.
1125:
1074:
1027:S. J. (2004).
1018:
967:
926:
920:978-0521648356
919:
897:
878:(5): 268–287.
858:
809:
790:(1): 104−112.
771:
737:
710:
708:
705:
704:
703:
698:
696:
695:
688:
681:
672:
668:
667:
666:
665:
664:
663:
661:Sumatran tiger
658:
653:
648:
638:
637:
636:
631:
629:Siberian tiger
626:
621:
616:
600:
598:
595:
586:
583:
545:Cincinnati Zoo
543:Two tigers at
536:
533:
507:wildlife trade
498:
495:
467:Asian elephant
435:
432:
401:reintroduction
327:Hukawng Valley
307:
304:
279:
276:
235:
232:
220:Southeast Asia
204:
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2238:
2235:
2230:
2228:2-8317-0483-9
2224:
2217:
2216:
2208:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2187:
2186:
2178:
2175:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2134:
2131:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2079:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2047:
2034:
2027:
2024:
2016:
2015:
2007:
2004:
1996:
1995:
1987:
1984:
1976:
1975:
1967:
1964:
1958:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1926:
1923:
1918:
1911:
1908:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1883:
1874:
1871:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1846:
1837:
1834:
1830:(4): 308–318.
1829:
1825:
1821:
1814:
1811:
1799:
1795:
1788:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1766:
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1744:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1718:
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1712:
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1701:
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1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1660:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1611:
1608:
1603:
1596:
1594:
1585:
1582:
1569:
1565:
1558:
1555:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1530:
1518:
1514:
1507:
1504:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1482:
1475:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1413:
1408:
1404:
1397:
1394:
1389:
1376:
1368:
1361:
1358:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1320:
1317:
1312:
1308:
1301:
1298:
1292:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1264:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1225:
1222:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1188:
1185:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1159:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1078:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1032:
1022:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
986:
982:
978:
971:
968:
963:
959:
954:
949:
945:
941:
939:
930:
927:
922:
916:
912:
908:
901:
898:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
862:
859:
854:
850:
845:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
813:
810:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
778:
776:
772:
767:
763:
762:
757:
755:
746:
744:
742:
738:
733:
726:
718:
716:
712:
706:
702:
699:
694:
693:
689:
687:
686:
682:
680:
679:
674:
673:
671:
670:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
651:Bornean tiger
649:
647:
644:
643:
642:
639:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
624:Malayan tiger
622:
620:
619:Caspian tiger
617:
615:
612:
611:
610:
607:
606:
605:
602:
601:
596:
594:
592:
584:
582:
580:
576:
571:
569:
565:
561:
555:
553:
546:
541:
534:
532:
528:
524:
521:
515:
512:
508:
504:
496:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
447:
445:
441:
440:radio collars
433:
431:
429:
426:province and
425:
420:
418:
417:IUCN Red List
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
385:
382:
377:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
323:
321:
317:
313:
305:
303:
301:
297:
293:
284:
277:
275:
273:
269:
266:
262:
259:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
233:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
216:
211:
200:
196:
191:
187:
183:
180:
179:
175:
174:
169:
166:
165:
158:
157:
152:
149:
148:
145:
144:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
83:
80:
77:
76:
73:
70:
67:
66:
63:
60:
57:
56:
51:
46:
42:
39:
34:
30:
25:
20:
2385:
2364:
2352:
2346:
2293:
2289:
2279:
2270:
2258:
2249:
2237:
2214:
2207:
2184:
2177:
2147:(12): e560.
2144:
2140:
2133:
2092:
2088:
2078:
2059:
2049:
2037:. Retrieved
2026:
2013:
2006:
1993:
1986:
1973:
1966:
1939:
1935:
1925:
1916:
1910:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1873:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1836:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1801:. Retrieved
1797:
1787:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1734:. Retrieved
1720:
1714:
1708:
1700:
1673:
1669:
1659:
1653:. WWF. 2016.
1645:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1584:
1572:. Retrieved
1567:
1557:
1546:. Retrieved
1542:
1532:
1521:. Retrieved
1516:
1506:
1495:. Retrieved
1484:
1474:
1429:
1425:
1415:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1375:cite journal
1360:
1333:
1329:
1319:
1310:
1300:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1263:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1224:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1187:
1175:. Retrieved
1170:
1161:
1142:
1138:
1128:
1090:(1): 30–39.
1087:
1083:
1077:
1043:(12): e442.
1040:
1037:PLOS Biology
1036:
1030:
1021:
984:
981:PLOS Biology
980:
970:
946:(152): 1–8.
943:
937:
929:
910:
900:
875:
871:
867:
861:
826:
822:
812:
787:
783:
765:
759:
753:
731:
690:
683:
676:
614:Bengal tiger
588:
585:In captivity
572:
562:to adjacent
556:
549:
535:Conservation
529:
525:
520:aphrodisiacs
516:
500:
448:
437:
428:Mêdog County
421:
413:
386:
378:
347:
324:
309:
292:Bengal tiger
289:
265:monophyletic
260:
255:
238:
237:
213:
209:
207:
185:
181:Population:
171:
167:Subspecies:
154:
142:
2464:iNaturalist
2410:Wikispecies
1543:India Times
1519:. New Delhi
656:Javan tiger
451:Sambar deer
343:Kayin State
251:Jim Corbett
132:Pantherinae
128:Subfamily:
2551:Categories
2198:9749929853
2039:16 October
1942:: e00960.
1676:: e00766.
1548:2023-05-09
1523:2023-05-09
1497:2023-05-09
1336:: e00766.
1241:: 108349.
707:References
646:Bali tiger
575:Endangered
471:hog badger
444:home range
258:subspecies
112:Feliformia
108:Suborder:
2169:239605606
1570:. Vietnam
1492:New Delhi
1466:159121235
560:dispersed
463:wild boar
270:based on
156:P. tigris
150:Species:
102:Carnivora
68:Kingdom:
62:Eukaryota
2508:14000264
2395:Wikidata
2328:16594083
2320:18424146
2271:iucn.org
2117:27153529
1798:Mongabay
1779:21392351
1637:21392350
1432:: 9–19.
1409:: 42–55.
1120:20467948
1112:16362487
1069:15583716
1013:20856904
853:30482605
804:84054536
784:Mammalia
732:Cat News
597:See also
503:poaching
487:pangolin
469:calves,
234:Taxonomy
228:Thailand
143:Panthera
118:Family:
92:Mammalia
82:Chordata
78:Phylum:
72:Animalia
58:Domain:
2456:5219424
2443:1271372
2401:Q192742
2298:Bibcode
2149:Bibcode
2125:3815904
2097:Bibcode
1944:Bibcode
1678:Bibcode
1591:"Tiger
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