52:
1367:, GAPI and the MRI executive released a statement calling for the Indonesian population to cooperate with and obey the government to defend peace and maintain order. The government responded to the GAP and MRI for the first time, and finally agreed to hold discussions. However, in protest at not being consulted in advance about the GAPI/MRI statement, the PSII withdrew from both GAPI and the MRI. On 15 January 1942, the government and MRI held a historic meeting, but by then, the
1327:. In August, GAPI pointed out that as the East Indies was fighting the war allied with democratic nations, it should be run as a democracy itself as this would encourage the population to defend the colony. In September, GAPI asked the Dutch government, then in exile in London, for a Dutch-Indonesian union and a fully-elected Volksraad. As a result of demands both from within and outside the Volksraad, on 14 September 1940, the Dutch established the Visman Commission headed by
1880:
2713:
1042:
1154:
loomed, more
Indonesian nationalists took the view that if they were to adopt a cooperative stance with the colonial administration against fascism, this might cause the Dutch to agree to a degree of autonomy for the East Indies, despite the fact that at the same time, the Dutch were placing more and
1276:
GAPI held a meeting on 4 July 1939 to discuss policy and to plan for an
Indonesian People's Congress in December 1939. Over the next few months it worked out a policy platform, including support for workers' rights and cooperation with the Dutch colonial government. It also decided that if Indonesia
1319:
body becoming democratic and truly representative of the
Indonesian people. This would form the basis of cooperation with the Dutch in the face of the threat from global fascism. There was no response from the Dutch to this call for greater autonomy. On the second day, it was decided that the KRI
1363:, MRI), headed by a 15-member leadership board with equal representation from GAPI, the MIAI Islamic federation and the PVPN civil service union. As a representative body for Indonesian nationalists, it aimed to establish a fully representative parliament. On 12 December, after the outbreak of
1135:(PPPKI) was formed to unite nationalist Indonesian organisations, but it faced oppression from the colonial authorities, and disbanded in 1934. As a result of Dutch actions against non-cooperative nationalist organisations such as the
1171:
resulted in the establishment of a body called the
Mediating Body for Indonesian Political Parties (Bapeppi), but as only two of the parties were prepared to join it, it achieved nothing. Prominent nationalist
2734:
2293:
1132:
1251:- a parliament for Indonesia". The members agreed to refrain from individual actions, and to only work as a collective whole. The political program of the federation was to strive for:
752:
1868:
1295:, KRI) was held from 25-26 December 1939. A total of 90 groups were represented, including religious, economic and social organisations as well as political parties. Echoing the
1320:
would be a permanent organization, with GAPI as its executive. It would work to improve the welfare of
Indonesians, with the establishment of a parliament as the first step.
732:
1147:
asking for a conference to discuss
Indonesian autonomy was introduced in the Volksraad in 1936, viewing it as pointless or disloyal to the demands for independence.
1352:
announced that a conference would be held after the war to discuss the political future of the colony. In response, Gapi expressed disappointment over this promise.
2415:
712:
1070:
801:
2692:
2574:
1184:
On 21 May 1939, at a meeting chaired by
Thamrin, eight major nationalist organizations joined together to form Indonesian Political Federation (GAPI). The
1143:
semi-legislative body assumed a dominant role in the nationalist movement. However, these cooperating nationalists still gave very little support when the
1115:
in exchange for cooperation with the Dutch colonial government. The federation consisted of eight political parties. GAPI was dissolved shortly after the
1861:
1846:
1349:
2017:
1331:
member F.H. Visman to hear the views of
Indonesian nationalists. In February 1941, GAPI presented its detailed proposals to the Commission, as follows:
1812:
2603:
1772:
The Birth of the 1945 Constitution: including copies of the authentic documents of the
Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence
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2103:
1901:
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1801:
846:
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2546:
2455:
2133:
2127:
987:
2486:
2331:
2157:
947:
2592:
2139:
1893:
1324:
1063:
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1779:
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campaign. On 17 December, around 90,000 people attended public meetings organised by local GAPI committees across the East Indies.
2115:
1002:
992:
982:
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957:
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had begun. Following the surrender of the Dutch, on 20 March the
Japanese occupation authorities banned all political activity.
2121:
1966:
1768:
Lahirnya Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 : memuat salinan dokumen otentik badan oentoek menyelidiki oesaha2 persiapan kemerdekaan
1268:
Unlike the PPPKI, decisions were taken on the basis of one vote for each member party, which gave GAPI more freedom of action.
2669:
2651:
2403:
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2246:
2082:
1986:
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1207:
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59:
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Following a visit by the Dutch foreign and colonial affairs ministers from March to June 1941, East Indies Governor-General
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which existed from 1939 to 1942. Founded to unite the nationalist movement, GAPI championed the creation of an Indonesian
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31:
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1996:
1931:
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333:
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1981:
1139:(PNI), from 1935 cooperating parties that were prepared to work with the colonial authorities by participating in the
866:
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2534:
2385:
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2326:
2216:
1368:
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1991:
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1949:
1937:
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1212:
952:
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eleven years beforehand, and as part of the effort to stress the need for unity, the conference adopted the
119:
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1943:
1173:
1104:
2697:
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1236:
1192:
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603:
68:
51:
1277:
was given a popularly-elected parliament, GAPI would urge the people to fully support the government.
2639:
2181:
904:
667:
630:
583:
513:
483:
453:
423:
40:
1359:, a motion was passed renaming the Indonesian People's Congress to the Indonesian People's Council (
2040:
1300:
1088:
722:
687:
553:
473:
343:
1155:
more restrictions on Indonesian political activity, particularly towards the apparently pro-Japan
2645:
2273:
1835:
1202:
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1144:
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912:
573:
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383:
216:
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2067:
1797:
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1774:] (in Indonesian). Depok, Indonesia: Badan Penerbit Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia.
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98:
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2001:
246:
1976:
1971:
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236:
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129:
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2006:
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78:
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2030:
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109:
1721:
Chuo Sangi-in: The Central Advisory Council during the Japanese Occupation
1188:(PNI) did not join as it was serving a ban on meetings. The members were:
2288:
2278:
88:
1698:
One Hand Clapping : Indonesian Nationalists and the Dutch 1939-1942
2515:
2303:
2231:
1839:
1197:
1164:
176:
1341:
ministers appointed by the head of state and responsible to parliament
2367:
1907:
286:
1831:
156:
1717:
Chuo Sangi-in: Dewan Pertimbang Pusat Pada Masa Pendudukan Jepang
20:
2198:
2053:
1850:
1723:] (in Indonesian). Jakarta, Indonesia: PT. Rosda Jayaputra.
1133:
Association of Political Organisations of the Indonesian People
1596:
1453:
1280:
On 1 October 1939, 3,000 people attended a public meeting in
1176:
then instigated talks to set up a new umbrella organisation.
1544:
1542:
1529:
1527:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1335:
a directly-elected bicameral parliament within five years
1700:. Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University.
2735:
Political organisations based in the Dutch East Indies
1490:
1488:
1486:
1264:
anti-fascism through solidarity with the Netherlands
19:"GAPI" redirects here. For the Iranian village, see
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2500:
2477:
2312:
2302:
2207:
2091:
2060:
2015:
1959:
1891:
1355:At a second congress, from 13-14 September 1941 in
1315:slogan to be realized through the semi-legislative
1159:(Parindra). In 1938, a conference organised by the
1960:Parties represented only in regional legislatures
2416:League of Supporters of Indonesian Independence
1311:as the national anthem. It also called for the
1862:
1239:(Islamic Union Party) and Thamrin (Parndra).
1064:
16:Indonesian political organization (1939ā1942)
8:
2575:Indonesian National Populist Fortress Party
1680:
1644:
1632:
1620:
1584:
1548:
1533:
1477:
1441:
1410:
1398:
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2195:
2050:
1869:
1855:
1847:
1794:A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300
1572:
1506:
1386:
1369:Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies
1071:
1057:
25:
1751:. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
1656:
1608:
1429:
2563:Indonesian Democratic Party of Devotion
2104:Concern for the Nation Functional Party
1902:Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle
1749:Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia
1715:Arniati Prasedyawati Herkusumo (1982).
1379:
39:
28:
2110:Indonesian Workers and Employers Party
1518:
1284:that GAPI had organised to launch its
1198:Indonesian People's Movement (Gerindo)
1165:Indonesian People's Movement (Gerindo)
2444:Party of the People of Free Indonesia
1668:
1560:
1494:
1465:
1208:Indonesian Islamic Union Party (PSII)
1161:Indonesian Islamic Union Party (PSII)
7:
2569:Indonesian Democratic Vanguard Party
2134:Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party
2128:Indonesian National Party Marhaenism
2487:Indonesian Irian Independence Party
2332:Chinese Indonesian Democratic Party
2158:Justice and Prosperous People Party
1796:(4th ed.). London: MacMillan.
1597:Arniati Prasedyawati Herkusumo 1982
1454:Arniati Prasedyawati Herkusumo 1982
1730:Historical Dictionary of Indonesia
1728:Cribb, R.B; Kahin, Audrey (2004).
1291:The Indonesian People's Congress (
14:
2368:Indonesian Marhaen People's Union
2711:
2386:Islamic Education Movement Party
2164:Indonesian People's Da'wah Party
1878:
1193:Great Indonesia Party (Parindra)
1040:
50:
2593:National People's Concern Party
2263:Indonesian Political Federation
2122:New Indonesia Party of Struggle
1747:Kahin, George McTurnan (1952).
1325:Germans invaded the Netherlands
1247:The federation used the slogan
1085:Indonesian Political Federation
2670:Ulema National Awakening Party
2362:Indonesian Islamic Union Party
2247:Indonesian Islamic Union Party
2146:Alliance of Independent People
2083:Prosperous and Safe Aceh Party
1885:Political parties in Indonesia
1255:a popularly elected parliament
753:French and British interregnum
1:
1344:a Dutch-Indonesian federation
1258:Indonesian self-determination
2664:Peace and Safe Islamic Party
2558:Functional Party of Struggle
2456:Socialist Party of Indonesia
2450:Socialist Party of Indonesia
2392:Islamic Tharikah Unity Party
2338:Communist Party of Indonesia
2227:Communist Party of Indonesia
2016:Parties represented only in
1338:a unitary state of Indonesia
641:Kingdom of Bolaang Mongondow
2541:Democratic Nationhood Party
2510:Indonesian Democratic Party
2350:Great Indonesia Unity Party
1982:Indonesian Solidarity Party
1696:Abeyasekere, Susan (1976).
148:Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms
2751:
2616:Prosperous Indonesia Party
2535:Archipelago Republic Party
2356:Indonesian Christian Party
2176:People's Sovereignty Party
1226:Indonesia Arab Association
1093:Gabungan Politik Indonesia
822:United States of Indonesia
659:Chinese Kongsi federations
18:
2693:List of political parties
2683:
2604:People's Democratic Party
2516:Muslim Party of Indonesia
2410:Labour Party of Indonesia
2380:Indonesian Peasants Party
2374:Indonesian National Party
2284:Partai Tionghoa Indonesia
2252:Indonesian National Party
2194:
2170:Indonesian Students Party
2049:
1992:Nusantara Awakening Party
1361:Madjelis Rakyat Indonesia
1186:Indonesian National Party
1137:Indonesian National Party
1105:nationalist organizations
973:Javanese historical texts
2547:Democratic Renewal Party
2462:Socialist People's Party
2258:Indonesian Fascist Party
2242:Indonesian Islamic Party
2152:Green Party of Indonesia
1950:United Development Party
1938:Prosperous Justice Party
1926:National Awakening Party
1293:Kongres Rakyat Indonesia
1231:The joint chairmen were
1213:Indonesian Islamic Party
733:Dutch East India Company
374:Samudera Pasai Sultanate
2438:National People's Party
2140:Justice and Unity Party
2055:Non-legislature parties
1892:Parties represented in
1811:Soerjono (April 1980).
2628:Prosperous Peace Party
2587:Indonesian Youth Party
2581:Indonesian Unity Party
2468:Village People's Union
1944:National Mandate Party
1573:Cribb & Kahin 2004
1507:Cribb & Kahin 2004
1387:Cribb & Kahin 2004
1174:Mohammad Husni Thamrin
1117:invasion of the colony
1092:
784:Emergence of Indonesia
2698:Politics of Indonesia
2398:Islamic Victory Force
1683:, pp. 75, 83ā87.
1329:Council of the Indies
1313:Indonesia berparlemen
1286:Indonesia berparlemen
1249:Indonesia berparlemen
1237:Abikusno Tjokrosujoso
1157:Great Indonesia Party
1101:umbrella organization
839:Republic of Indonesia
705:European colonization
604:Riau-Lingga Sultanate
2640:Regional Unity Party
2182:Masyumi Reborn Party
2116:National Front Party
1894:national legislature
1766:Kusuma, A.B (2004).
1303:, the red and white
1047:Indonesia portal
668:Heshun Confederation
584:Yogyakarta Sultanate
514:Kalinyamat Sultanate
484:Sultanate of Jailolo
454:Sultanate of Ternate
167:Tarumanagara Kingdom
2073:Aceh People's Party
2041:Nanggroe Aceh Party
1967:Crescent Star Party
1813:"On Musso's Return"
1732:. Scarecrow Press.
1509:, pp. 151ā152.
1301:Indonesian language
812:National Revolution
802:Japanese occupation
688:Santiaogou Republic
554:Palembang Sultanate
474:Sultanate of Tidore
344:Peureulak Sultanate
277:Dharmasraya Kingdom
2646:National Sun Party
2274:Paguyuban Pasundan
1203:Paguyuban Pasundan
1169:Paguyuban Pasundan
1145:Soetardjo Petition
891:1998–present
792:National Awakening
622:Christian kingdoms
588:1755–present
578:1745–present
574:Surakarta Sunanate
544:Kingdom of Kaimana
498:1526–present
464:Sultanate of Bacan
384:Pagaruyung Kingdom
325:Islamic sultanates
217:Shailendra Dynasty
2706:
2705:
2679:
2678:
2634:Reform Star Party
2622:Sovereignty Party
2496:
2495:
2344:Dayak Unity Party
2208:Pre-independence
2190:
2189:
2068:Atjeh Green Party
1803:978-0-230-54685-1
1635:, pp. 70ā71.
1563:, pp. 97ā98.
1480:, pp. 13ā14.
1468:, pp. 96ā97.
1323:In May 1940, the
1109:Dutch East Indies
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1080:
895:
894:
847:Liberal democracy
830:
829:
775:
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763:Dutch East Indies
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631:Larantuka Kingdom
612:
611:
524:Mataram Sultanate
424:Cirebon Sultanate
404:Malacca Sultanate
364:Ternate Sultanate
315:
314:
297:Singhasari Empire
291:1000s–1300s
257:Kahuripan Kingdom
138:
137:
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2721:
2719:Indonesia portal
2716:
2715:
2714:
2310:
2202:
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2078:Aceh Unity Party
2051:
2026:Aceh Abode Party
2018:Aceh legislature
1932:Democratic Party
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1681:Abeyasekere 1976
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1478:Abeyasekere 1976
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1445:
1444:, p. 12-13.
1442:Abeyasekere 1976
1439:
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1411:Abeyasekere 1976
1408:
1402:
1399:Abeyasekere 1976
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1350:van Starkenborgh
1233:Amir Sjarifuddin
1163:, Parindra, the
1152:Second World War
1150:However, as the
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857:Guided Democracy
843:
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678:Lanfang Republic
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538:1528s–1877
504:Banjar Sultanate
494:Banten Sultanate
478:1500s–1967
394:Brunei Sultanate
330:
329:
307:Majapahit Empire
207:Srivijaya Empire
187:Kalingga Kingdom
153:
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120:Toba catastrophe
103:94,000ā12,000 BP
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2610:Pioneers' Party
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1413:, pp. 1ā4.
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826:1949–1950
816:1945–1949
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768:1800–1942
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682:1777–1884
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614:
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608:1824–1911
598:1814–1946
568:1725–1946
558:1659–1823
534:Johor Sultanate
528:1586–1755
518:1527–1599
508:1526–1863
488:1496–1903
468:1515–1946
458:1486–1914
448:1496–1903
438:1475–1554
434:Demak Sultanate
428:1445–1677
418:1405–1851
408:1400–1511
398:1368–1888
388:1347–1833
378:1267–1521
368:1257–1914
358:1225–1613
334:Spread of Islam
327:
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271:1045–1221
261:1019–1045
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2327:Catholic Party
2324:
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2316:
2307:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2260:
2255:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2237:Indische Party
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2217:Catholic Party
2213:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2199:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2173:
2167:
2161:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2099:Berkarya Party
2095:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2022:
2020:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1953:
1947:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1914:Gerindra Party
1911:
1905:
1898:
1896:
1889:
1888:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1808:
1802:
1790:Ricklefs, M.C.
1786:
1780:
1763:
1757:
1744:
1738:
1725:
1712:
1706:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1673:
1671:, p. 100.
1661:
1659:, p. 322.
1649:
1637:
1625:
1613:
1601:
1589:
1577:
1575:, p. 152.
1565:
1553:
1538:
1523:
1511:
1499:
1482:
1470:
1458:
1446:
1434:
1432:, p. 320.
1415:
1403:
1391:
1389:, p. 339.
1378:
1376:
1373:
1365:War with Japan
1346:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1309:Indonesia Raya
1273:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1261:national unity
1259:
1256:
1244:
1241:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1221:Catholic Party
1218:
1217:Minahasa Union
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1181:
1178:
1128:
1125:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
944:
943:
940:
939:
936:
935:
931:
930:
925:
920:
915:
909:
908:
903:
902:
899:
898:
893:
892:
889:
883:
882:
879:
873:
872:
869:
863:
862:
859:
853:
852:
849:
841:
838:
837:
834:
833:
828:
827:
824:
818:
817:
814:
808:
807:
804:
798:
797:
794:
786:
783:
782:
779:
778:
773:
772:
767:
765:
759:
758:
755:
749:
748:
745:
739:
738:
735:
729:
728:
725:
719:
718:
715:
707:
704:
703:
700:
699:
694:
693:
690:
684:
683:
680:
674:
673:
670:
662:
657:
656:
653:
652:
647:
646:
643:
637:
636:
633:
625:
620:
619:
616:
615:
610:
609:
606:
600:
599:
596:
594:Deli Sultanate
590:
589:
586:
580:
579:
576:
570:
569:
566:
564:Siak Sultanate
560:
559:
556:
550:
549:
546:
540:
539:
536:
530:
529:
526:
520:
519:
516:
510:
509:
506:
500:
499:
496:
490:
489:
486:
480:
479:
476:
470:
469:
466:
460:
459:
456:
450:
449:
446:
444:Aceh Sultanate
440:
439:
436:
430:
429:
426:
420:
419:
416:
414:Sulu Sultanate
410:
409:
406:
400:
399:
396:
390:
389:
386:
380:
379:
376:
370:
369:
366:
360:
359:
356:
350:
349:
348:840–1292
346:
340:
339:
338:800–1600
336:
328:
323:
322:
319:
318:
313:
312:
309:
303:
302:
299:
293:
292:
289:
287:Pannai Kingdom
283:
282:
279:
273:
272:
269:
267:Kediri Kingdom
263:
262:
259:
253:
252:
251:932–1579
249:
243:
242:
241:914–1908
239:
233:
232:
231:716–1016
229:
223:
222:
219:
213:
212:
209:
203:
202:
199:
197:Melayu Kingdom
193:
192:
189:
183:
182:
179:
173:
172:
169:
163:
162:
159:
151:
146:
145:
142:
141:
136:
135:
132:
126:
125:
122:
116:
115:
113:
105:
104:
101:
95:
94:
91:
85:
84:
82:
72:
67:
66:
63:
62:
56:
55:
47:
46:
37:
36:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2747:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2720:
2709:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2682:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2599:Patriot Party
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2553:Freedom Party
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2476:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2422:Masyumi Party
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2222:Chung Hwa Hui
2220:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2206:
2197:
2193:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2002:Perindo Party
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1881:
1872:
1867:
1865:
1860:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1826:(29): 59ā90.
1825:
1821:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1781:979-8972-28-7
1777:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1758:0-8014-9108-8
1754:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1739:9780810849358
1735:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1699:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1682:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1657:Ricklefs 2008
1653:
1650:
1647:, p. 72.
1646:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1626:
1623:, p. 61.
1622:
1617:
1614:
1611:, p. 65.
1610:
1609:Soerjono 1980
1605:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1590:
1587:, p. 55.
1586:
1581:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1554:
1551:, p. 27.
1550:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1536:, p. 14.
1535:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1521:, p. 71.
1520:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1503:
1500:
1497:, p. 97.
1496:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1430:Ricklefs 2008
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1404:
1401:, p. 12.
1400:
1395:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1380:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1351:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1307:and the song
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1271:
1269:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1180:Establishment
1179:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1131:In 1927, the
1126:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1062:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1038:
1037:
1031:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
980:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
945:
938:
937:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
910:
906:
901:
900:
890:
888:
885:
884:
880:
878:
875:
874:
870:
868:
865:
864:
860:
858:
855:
854:
850:
848:
845:
844:
836:
835:
825:
823:
820:
819:
815:
813:
810:
809:
805:
803:
800:
799:
795:
793:
790:
789:
781:
780:
766:
764:
761:
760:
756:
754:
751:
750:
746:
744:
741:
740:
736:
734:
731:
730:
726:
724:
721:
720:
716:
714:
711:
710:
702:
701:
691:
689:
686:
685:
681:
679:
676:
675:
671:
669:
666:
665:
660:
655:
654:
644:
642:
639:
638:
634:
632:
629:
628:
623:
618:
617:
607:
605:
602:
601:
597:
595:
592:
591:
587:
585:
582:
581:
577:
575:
572:
571:
567:
565:
562:
561:
557:
555:
552:
551:
547:
545:
542:
541:
537:
535:
532:
531:
527:
525:
522:
521:
517:
515:
512:
511:
507:
505:
502:
501:
497:
495:
492:
491:
487:
485:
482:
481:
477:
475:
472:
471:
467:
465:
462:
461:
457:
455:
452:
451:
447:
445:
442:
441:
437:
435:
432:
431:
427:
425:
422:
421:
417:
415:
412:
411:
407:
405:
402:
401:
397:
395:
392:
391:
387:
385:
382:
381:
377:
375:
372:
371:
367:
365:
362:
361:
357:
355:
352:
351:
347:
345:
342:
341:
337:
335:
332:
331:
326:
321:
320:
310:
308:
305:
304:
300:
298:
295:
294:
290:
288:
285:
284:
280:
278:
275:
274:
270:
268:
265:
264:
260:
258:
255:
254:
250:
248:
247:Sunda Kingdom
245:
244:
240:
238:
235:
234:
230:
228:
225:
224:
220:
218:
215:
214:
210:
208:
205:
204:
200:
198:
195:
194:
190:
188:
185:
184:
180:
178:
175:
174:
170:
168:
165:
164:
160:
158:
157:Kutai Kingdom
155:
154:
149:
144:
143:
133:
131:
128:
127:
123:
121:
118:
117:
114:
112:
111:
107:
106:
102:
100:
97:
96:
92:
90:
87:
86:
83:
81:
80:
76:
75:
70:
65:
64:
61:
58:
57:
53:
49:
48:
45:
38:
33:
27:
22:
2658:United Party
2652:Labour Party
2537:(RepublikaN)
2404:Labour Party
2262:
1987:Labour Party
1977:Gelora Party
1972:Garuda Party
1920:NasDem Party
1908:Golkar Party
1823:
1819:
1793:
1771:
1767:
1748:
1729:
1720:
1716:
1697:
1676:
1664:
1652:
1640:
1628:
1616:
1604:
1599:, p. 5.
1592:
1580:
1568:
1556:
1514:
1502:
1473:
1461:
1456:, p. 4.
1449:
1437:
1406:
1394:
1382:
1360:
1354:
1347:
1322:
1312:
1297:Youth Pledge
1292:
1290:
1285:
1279:
1275:
1267:
1248:
1246:
1230:
1183:
1149:
1130:
1096:
1084:
1082:
1029:
988:Christianity
237:Bali Kingdom
130:Buni culture
108:
93:1,000,000 BP
77:
2427:Murba Party
2322:Acoma Party
2313:Independent
2007:Ummah Party
1690:Works cited
1519:Kusuma 2004
1235:(Gerindo),
1103:of various
953:Archaeology
948:Agriculture
354:Aru Kingdom
79:Paleolithic
41:History of
2527:Reform era
2388:(PI Perti)
2358:(Parkindo)
2036:Aceh Party
2031:SIRA Party
1707:0909835381
1669:Kahin 1952
1561:Kahin 1952
1495:Kahin 1952
1466:Kahin 1952
1375:References
1357:Yogyakarta
1272:Activities
1127:Background
1113:parliament
1089:Indonesian
1010:Mass media
887:Reform era
867:Transition
713:Portuguese
99:Flores Man
69:Prehistory
2612:(Pelopor)
2518:(Parmusi)
2502:New Order
2315:Indonesia
2269:Insulinde
1820:Indonesia
1792:(2008) .
1317:Volksraad
1141:Volksraad
1123:in 1942.
1099:) was an
968:Education
877:New Order
645:1670ā1950
635:1515ā1904
221:600sā900s
211:600sā1025
201:600sā1347
191:500sā600s
181:400s-500s
171:400sā500s
124:75,000 BP
110:Neolithic
43:Indonesia
2729:Category
2666:(Idaman)
2577:(PNBK-I)
2464:(Parsas)
2370:(Permai)
2289:Partindo
2279:Parindra
2118:(Barnas)
2092:National
2061:Regional
1015:Military
993:Hinduism
983:Buddhism
978:Religion
958:Currency
941:By topic
161:350ā1605
89:Java Man
60:Timeline
32:a series
30:Part of
2458:(Parsi)
2304:Sukarno
2232:Gerindo
2210:parties
2201:Defunct
2160:(PRIMA)
2136:(PPNUI)
2130:(PNI-M)
1840:3351005
1282:Batavia
1243:Program
1119:by the
1107:in the
1003:Judaism
963:Economy
928:Bandung
913:Jakarta
905:Regions
743:British
723:Spanish
177:Kantoli
134:400 BCE
2672:(PKNU)
2595:(PPRN)
2571:(PPDI)
2565:(PKDI)
2489:(PKII)
2446:(PRIM)
2418:(IPKI)
2400:(AKUI)
2394:(PPTI)
2364:(PSII)
2334:(PDTI)
2265:(GAPI)
2166:(PDRI)
2124:(PPIB)
2112:(PPPI)
2106:(PKPB)
1997:Hanura
1838:
1800:
1778:
1755:
1736:
1704:
34:on the
2648:(PMB)
2642:(PPD)
2636:(PBR)
2630:(PDS)
2618:(PIS)
2606:(PRD)
2589:(PPI)
2583:(PSI)
2549:(PDP)
2543:(PDK)
2512:(PDI)
2470:(PRD)
2452:(PSI)
2440:(PRN)
2412:(PBI)
2382:(PTI)
2376:(PNI)
2352:(PIR)
2346:(PPD)
2340:(PKI)
2294:PPPKI
2254:(PNI)
2178:(PKR)
2172:(PMI)
2154:(PHI)
2148:(SRI)
2142:(PKP)
1904:(128)
1836:JSTOR
1816:(PDF)
1770:[
1719:[
1025:Women
1020:Sport
998:Islam
923:Bogor
2660:(PP)
2654:(PB)
2624:(PK)
2434:(NU)
2406:(PB)
1952:(19)
1946:(44)
1940:(50)
1934:(54)
1928:(58)
1922:(59)
1916:(78)
1910:(85)
1798:ISBN
1776:ISBN
1753:ISBN
1734:ISBN
1702:ISBN
1167:and
1097:GAPI
1083:The
918:Bali
21:Gapi
2306:era
1828:doi
2731::
1834:.
1824:29
1822:.
1818:.
1541:^
1526:^
1485:^
1418:^
1095:,
1091::
1870:e
1863:t
1856:v
1842:.
1830::
1806:.
1784:.
1761:.
1742:.
1710:.
1087:(
1072:e
1065:t
1058:v
23:.
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