397:
beginning of runway 23 at the
Ahmedabad Airport in poor visibility conditions, the major share goes to the pilot-in-command and the co-pilot of the Indian Airlines. They acted recklessly with knowledge about probable damage about the consequence of their acts and omissions. We are also of the view that there was some negligence on the part of the Airport Authority of Ahmedabad in not providing the latest visibility report to the aircraft by getting the RVR from the Meteorological office at the airport (paras 53 to 57 herein-above). The degree of negligence on the part of the pilot-in-command and the co-pilot of the Indian Airlines was so high that the same amounted to recklessness on their part as contemplated by Rule 25 to the Second Schedule to the Carriage by Air Act, 1972. The accident in question was because of recklessness on the part of the Indian Airlines and their servants, particularly the pilot-in-command as well as the co-pilot, with knowledge of the probable consequences of attempting to land without any clearance from the Air Traffic Control, Ahmedabad, without having cared to spot the VASI lights and without having cared to take note of NOTAMS sent by the Airport Authority of India, Ahmedabad about availability of VASI lights and non-availability of Instrument Landing System and non-operational approach lights.
29:
389:
Justices M S Shah and H N Devani passed the order and directed Indian
Airlines and the Airport Authority of India (AAI) to pay the compensation to the petitioners by 31 December 2009. Indian Airlines was to pay 70 percent of the compensation and AAI the remaining 30 percent. The compensation amount was to be paid along with an interest of nine percent per annum calculated from 1989 when the petitioners had approached the lower court.
384:
In 1989, Indian
Airlines had initially offered to pay ₹ 200,000 as full and final settlement to the relatives of each of the victims, the maximum amount allowed under Rules 17 and 22 of the Second Schedule to the Carriage by Air Act 1972. To receive a higher payout, the plaintiffs would have to prove
331:
The
Airport Authority also stated that the VOR had to have been operational at the time, because the pilot was able to make inbound and outbound turns using the VOR as a reference. The localiser also had to have been operational and used by the pilots, because the aircraft had crashed on the extended
298:
The flight crew did not seek any permission or clearance for landing, nor did they give standard call-outs after 1,000 feet (300 m). The aircraft's speed was 160 knots (300 km/h; 180 mph), which was more than the prescribed speed, and the pilot should not have descended below 500 feet
396:
We are, therefore, of the view that for the accident in question i.e. the crashing of the Indian
Airlines corporation aircraft Boeing 737 Aircraft VT-EAH on its daily scheduled flight IC 113 from Bombay to Ahmedabad at 0653 IST in the morning of 19 October 1988 at a distance of 2540 metres from the
327:
lights, VOR, DME, and localiser, which was sufficient to land aircraft even with visibility at 1,600 metres (1.6 km; 0.99 mi). The
Airport Authority said it was a mandatory requirement that the pilot be able to see the runway from 500 feet and that if the pilot had not seen the runway, he
388:
The compensation award was successfully challenged in the
Ahmedabad City Civil court on 14 October 2009 and higher amounts were awarded by the court on a case-by-case basis, including factors such as age of the deceased, income, occupation, future prospects and life expectancy. A bench comprising
307:
AT 0653 IST the aircraft struck trees and a high-tension electricity transmission pylon and went down on the outskirts of
Chiloda Kotarpur village, near the Noble Nagar Housing Society near Ahmedabad. The crash site was 2,540 metres (2.54 km; 1.58 mi) from the approach end of runway 23.
303:
conversation between the pilot and the co-pilot showed that both were focused on trying to see the runway and they had decided to attempt such a landing and in their anxiety to see the field, they lost track of their altitude. Instead of the pilot-in-command concentrating on the instruments, both
275:
of 0540 IST was then transmitted to the crew, and again at 0625 the weather of 0610, due to visibility reducing from 6 to 3 kilometres (3.7 to 1.9 mi). Clearance to descend to FL 150 (approximately 15,000 feet (4,600 m)) was given at 0632 IST and the crew was advised to report when the
332:
centerline of the runway. Data collected from the aircraft's flight recorders shows the pilots did not make sure of the airport's DME and VASI lights, and since their altimeters were working correctly, ignored or did not maintain awareness of the aircraft's altitude.
1583:
335:
It was also determined that the airport personnel did not make Runway Visual Range measurements in the declining visibility situation, as was their duty and fully within their capability, and therefore did not render RVR reports to the pilots.
328:
should have never descended below 500 feet, and if the runway was visible, he should have been able to land. The fact that the aircraft crashed 2.6 kilometres (1.6 mi) from the airport showed that he had not sighted the runway.
385:
under Rule 25 of said schedule that the damage resulted from an act or omission of the airline done recklessly and with knowledge that damage would probably result, so as to render the limit of liability (₹ 200,000) inapplicable.
686:
1593:
1172:
609:
270:
The flight was scheduled to depart at 0545 IST but was delayed 20 minutes due to one no-show passenger. The aircraft departed Bombay at 0605, and at 0620 the crew contacted
Ahmedabad Approach Control. The
413:
295:
approach for runway 23 and reported overhead of
Ahmedabad at 0647 IST. The aircraft went outbound and reported turning inbound at 0650 IST. This was the last transmission from the aircraft to ATC.
1416:
555:
375:
The cause of the accident is error of judgment on the part of the Pilot-in-command as well as the Co-pilot due to non-adherence to laid down procedures, under poor visibility conditions.
679:
1165:
1043:
363:
The cause of the accident is error of judgment on the part of the Pilot-in-command as well as the Co-pilot associated with poor visibility which was not passed to aircraft.
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The flight carried 129 passengers (124 adults and 5 children) and 6 crew (pilot, co-pilot, and 4 cabin crew). All 6 crew members were killed in the crash. Professor
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259:, registered VT-EAH, delivered new to Indian Airlines in December 1970, and had accumulated 42,831 hours and 47,647 landings.
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After receiving the report, the Government of India appointed a committee to evaluate the report with the United States
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Five passengers initially survived the crash and were transported to hospital, but three succumbed to their injuries.
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had been issued for Ahmedabad airport, specifically for the absence of approach lights; and for the
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1216:
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from Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad was one of the prominent victims of the crash.
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pilots were trying to sight the runway without paying necessary attention to the altimeter.
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132:
371:. The Government of India then accepted the report and made the following modification;
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1567:
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The flight crew consisted of captain O.M. Dallaya and first officer Deepak Nagpal.
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160:
59:
556:"October '88 air crashes: Deadly tale of irregularities and frightening lapses"
299:(150 m) (Minimum Descent Altitude) unless he had sighted the runway. The
280:(VOR). Visibility was 2,000 metres (2.0 km; 1.2 mi) in haze and the
256:
122:
97:
84:
288:
240:
175:
75:
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Airliner accidents and incidents involving controlled flight into terrain
434:"ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737-2A8 VT-EAH Ahmedabad Airport (AMD)"
236:
156:
312:
272:
1154:
668:
276:
aircraft was at 1,700 feet (520 m) overhead the Ahmedabad
281:
414:
List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft
247:
on 19 October 1988, killing 133 of the 135 people on board.
1594:
Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing 737 Original
359:
The Court of Inquiry arrived at the following conclusion
323:, leaving only the localiser available. This still left
284:
was 1010. The QNH was correctly read back by the crew.
1113:
1062:
1027:
944:
869:
786:
727:
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640:"HC Orders Compensation for 1988 Air Crash Victims"
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66:
51:
43:
38:
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484:"Indian Airlines VT-EAH (Boeing 737 - MSN 20481)"
153:Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport
394:
1044:Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister helicopter crash
172:Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport
72:Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport
33:VT-EAH, the aircraft involved in the accident.
1166:
680:
8:
610:"HC ups compensation for 1988 crash victims"
21:
529:"Indian Airlines Compensation (Guj HC).pdf"
1173:
1159:
1151:
687:
673:
665:
27:
20:
1579:Aviation accidents and incidents in India
695:Aviation accidents and incidents in India
1589:Indian (airline) accidents and incidents
1574:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1988
1001:Pakistan Breguet 1150 Atlantic shootdown
523:
521:
519:
517:
515:
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511:
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459:"VT-EAH Indian Airlines Boeing 737-200"
424:
392:The final High Court ruling was thus;
243:that crashed on its final approach to
1138:Chetak Helicopter Crash at INS Garuda
7:
1227:China Southwest Airlines Flight 4146
910:Indian Air Force An-32 disappearance
776:Garuda Indonesian Airways Flight 892
369:National Transportation Safety Board
1237:Trans-Colorado Airlines Flight 2286
62:and ATC error under poor visibility
650:from the original on 13 March 2012
554:Chengappa, Raj (15 October 1989).
14:
616:. 15 October 2009. Archived from
287:The pilot decided to carry out a
1377:Austral Líneas Aéreas Flight 046
1267:Nürnberger Flugdienst Flight 108
1183:Aviation accidents and incidents
1130:Indian Air Force Mil Mi-17 crash
985:Charkhi Dadri mid-air collision
977:Indira Gandhi Airport collision
744:United Arab Airlines Flight 869
535:. Google Drive. 26 October 2009
1507:LOT Polish Airlines Flight 703
1287:Talia Airways Boeing 727 crash
1087:UY Aviation King Air C90 crash
795:1971 Indian Airlines hijacking
56:Controlled flight into terrain
1:
1477:Ethiopian Airlines Flight 604
1207:Condor Flugdienst Flight 3782
1122:Air India Express Flight 1344
581:"Labdhi Bhandari - a Tribute"
1527:Soviet Air Force Il-76 crash
1427:Death of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
1257:American Airlines Flight 132
1103:Indian Air Force An-32 crash
1095:Air India Express Flight 611
1079:Indian Air Force An-32 crash
1052:Air India Express Flight 812
768:Indian Air Force An-32 crash
235:was a flight operating from
1604:October 1988 events in Asia
1467:Vietnam Airlines Flight 831
1457:Delta Air Lines Flight 1141
1387:British Army Lynx shootdown
760:Gujarat Beechcraft incident
752:Poonch IAF helicopter crash
1630:
1497:Indian Airlines Flight 113
1487:Uganda Airlines Flight 775
1437:Ramstein air show disaster
1009:Indian Airlines Flight 814
993:Indian Airlines Flight 503
969:Indian Airlines Flight 491
961:Indian Airlines Flight 427
953:Indian Airlines Flight 257
934:Indian Airlines Flight 605
926:Indian Airlines Flight 113
902:Indian Airlines Flight 421
894:Indian Airlines Flight 405
878:Indian Airlines Flight 423
859:Indian Airlines Flight 410
851:Indian Airlines Flight 403
835:Indian Airlines Flight 171
819:Indian Airlines Flight 440
811:Japan Air Lines Flight 472
803:Japan Air Lines Flight 471
402:Ahmedabad City Civil court
233:Indian Airlines Flight 113
22:Indian Airlines Flight 113
1546:
1347:Aloha Airlines Flight 243
1337:Kuwait Airways Flight 422
1198:
321:Instrument Landing System
278:VHF omnidirectional range
26:
1417:BIH Sikorsky S-61N crash
1017:Alliance Air Flight 7412
717:Dan-Air Avro York crash
1397:Air France Flight 296Q
1071:Pawan Hans Mi-17 crash
1036:Jalandhar MiG-21 crash
405:
319:being absent from the
301:cockpit voice recorder
16:1988 aviation accident
1247:Aeroflot Flight 29674
463:www.planespotters.net
98:23.09139°N 72.65250°E
1609:History of Ahmedabad
1517:Remscheid A-10 crash
1317:Aeroflot Flight 3739
886:Air India Flight 403
843:Air India Flight 855
490:. Airfleets aviation
1614:Events in Ahmedabad
1555:► 1989
1549:1987 ◄
1407:Iran Air Flight 655
1217:Aeroflot Flight 699
736:Alitalia Flight 771
438:aviation-safety.net
255:The aircraft was a
94: /
23:
1552:
1357:Widerøe Flight 710
1327:Avianca Flight 410
827:Nepal plane hijack
620:on 3 December 2013
119:Aircraft type
103:23.09139; 72.65250
1561:
1560:
1537:Pan Am Flight 103
1297:Comair Flight 206
1277:AVAir Flight 3378
1148:
1147:
587:. 3 November 1988
488:www.airfleets.net
251:Aircraft and crew
245:Ahmedabad Airport
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920:(September 1986)
918:Pan Am Flight 73
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880:(September 1981)
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813:(September 1972)
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47:19 October 1988
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955:(August 1991)
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904:(August 1984)
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355:Investigation
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149:Flight origin
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1073:(April 2011)
979:(March 1994)
971:(April 1993)
963:(April 1993)
925:
912:(March 1986)
654:28 September
652:. Retrieved
643:
634:
622:. Retrieved
618:the original
589:. Retrieved
584:
575:
563:. Retrieved
559:
549:
537:. Retrieved
532:
492:. Retrieved
487:
478:
466:. Retrieved
462:
453:
441:. Retrieved
437:
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383:
380:Compensation
366:
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140:Registration
18:
1105:(June 2019)
1089:(June 2018)
1081:(July 2016)
1019:(July 2000)
995:(July 1998)
896:(July 1984)
888:(June 1982)
829:(June 1973)
805:(June 1972)
754:(July 1963)
746:(July 1963)
738:(July 1962)
591:27 November
565:26 November
560:India Today
494:26 November
468:27 November
443:26 November
168:Destination
161:Maharashtra
101: /
60:pilot error
1568:Categories
1054:(May 2010)
1038:(May 2002)
821:(May 1973)
778:(May 1968)
719:(May 1958)
711:(May 1953)
624:13 January
539:13 January
420:References
317:glide path
207:Fatalities
191:Passengers
89:72°39′09″E
86:23°05′29″N
289:localiser
241:Ahmedabad
223:Survivors
183:Occupants
176:Ahmedabad
76:Ahmedabad
648:Archived
408:See also
400:—
311:Several
266:Accident
215:Injuries
129:Operator
114:Aircraft
39:Accident
1187: (
1185:in 1988
340:Victims
163:, India
58:due to
52:Summary
1533:Dec 21
1523:Dec 11
1493:Oct 19
1483:Oct 17
1473:Sep 15
1453:Aug 31
1443:Aug 31
1433:Aug 28
1423:Aug 17
1413:Jul 13
1393:Jun 26
1383:Jun 23
1373:Jun 12
1363:May 24
1343:Apr 28
1323:Mar 17
1283:Feb 27
1273:Feb 19
1243:Jan 24
1233:Jan 19
1223:Jan 18
1213:Jan 18
313:NOTAMs
237:Mumbai
157:Mumbai
144:VT-EAH
1513:Dec 8
1503:Nov 2
1463:Sep 9
1403:Jul 3
1353:May 6
1333:Apr 5
1313:Mar 8
1303:Mar 4
1293:Mar 1
1263:Feb 8
1253:Feb 3
1203:Jan 2
1114:2020s
1063:2010s
1028:2000s
945:1990s
870:1980s
787:1970s
728:1960s
701:1950s
273:METAR
70:Near
1189:1988
656:2017
626:2014
593:2020
567:2020
541:2014
496:2020
470:2020
445:2020
325:VASI
199:Crew
67:Site
44:Date
293:DME
282:QNH
239:to
210:133
194:129
186:135
1570::
646:.
642:.
612:.
601:^
583:.
558:.
531:.
504:^
486:.
461:.
436:.
174:,
159:,
155:,
74:,
1191:)
1174:e
1167:t
1160:v
688:e
681:t
674:v
658:.
628:.
595:.
569:.
543:.
498:.
472:.
447:.
291:-
226:2
218:2
202:6
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