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was difficult to determine what rights to give
Indians, as according to the board, they weren't aliens or foreigners, however, they weren't citizens by birth. The board therefore determined how to go about treating Native Americans. The members of the board all held semi-official positions within the government, unlike other humanitarian boards. However, the amount of work that the board was able to accomplish was rather compromised, because Congress held the board responsible for funding, and didn't give sufficient powers to enforce either their fundings or recommendations.
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to fill vacancies. The Board of Indian
Commissioners established what an "Indian" was, and the rights that they were given, through the different laws and regulations for educating Indians that the board established. An Indian was determined based on their physical appearances. However, legally, it
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religions, the Native
Americans were required to shave their hair, adopt civil clothing, and go to work for his living. In essence, the conversion of Native Americans to these Christian religions was an attempt at assimilating Native Americans to the white man's society. The distribution caused
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in 1923, when he began a health drive. Although the Board of Indian
Commissioners continued to accomplish its goals of fighting disease on reservations, assimilating Native Americans into popular society, and making citizenship available to Native Americans throughout the
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on 10 April 1869, authorized the president to organize a board of not more than ten persons "to be selected by him from men eminent for their intelligence and philanthropy, to serve without pecuniary compensation." It remained an
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The Peace Policy remained in force until 1881, when the government heeded the protests of religious organizations whose missionaries had been removed from reservations on which they had not been assigned.
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immediate dissatisfaction among many groups who claimed that they had been slighted or overlooked. The selection criteria were vague and some critics saw the Peace Policy as violating Native
American
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would provide Native
Americans with moral and competent Indian agents, establish churches and schools, teach agriculture and civilized pursuits and provide high-quality supplies at reasonable prices.
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In 1872, the implementation of the policy involved the allotting of Indian reservations to religious organizations as exclusive religious domains. Of the 73 agencies assigned, the
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Although the Board of Indian
Commissioners began to lose influence in 1900, the appointment of new members quickly revived it. The introduction of
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to the Board led to the Board becoming aware of diseases that existed on reservations, as
Moorehead was dedicated to this. In 1922,
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attempted to formulate a new humane policy towards Native
American tribes that was free of political corruption. Known as the
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policy and inspected supplies delivered to Indian agencies to ensure the fulfillment of government treaty obligations.
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became the first woman on the Board. The fight against diseases on reservations was continued by the board member
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327:"Annual report of the Board of Indian Commissioners to the President of the United States. 4th (1872)"
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one. In the same year, 1872, Presbyterian, Methodist, and
Episcopal missions converted more than 600
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American Indian Policy in Crisis, Christian Reformers and the Indian, 1865-1900
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Thirty-Fourth Annual Report of the Board of Indian Commissioners, 1902
426:"American Women Historians, 1700s-1990s: A Biographical Dictionary"
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248:(Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1903), 22–23.
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Beginning in 1869, and in concert with the board, President
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in 1933, as there was no funding for the Board in the
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and well into the 1920s, the Board was terminated by
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American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
311:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
285:"The University of Arizona University Libraries"
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283:Cartwright, Charles Edward (1979-03-06).
34:was a committee that advised the federal
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260:"University of Oklahoma College of Law"
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27:US Native American policy committee
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234:United States Statutes at Large
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378:"Board of Indian Commissioners"
258:Gates, Merrill Edwards (1885).
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32:Board of Indian Commissioners
76:Grant's Indian peace policy
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264:digitialcommons.law.ou.edu
54:The board, established by
94:Office of Indian Affairs
402:"Flora Warren Seymour"
292:repository.arizona.edu
406:Simon & Schuster
198:Flora Warren Seymour
188:The Board after 1900
119:seven; the Hicksite
350:Francis Paul Prucha
194:Warren K. Moorehead
174:freedom of religion
92:organizations, the
18:Indian Commissioner
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211:John Collier
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86:Peace Policy
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115:eight; the
450:Categories
435:2023-06-08
411:2023-06-08
387:2020-05-28
336:2020-05-28
331:HathiTrust
298:2020-05-28
269:2020-05-28
236:, XVI, 40.
221:References
163:and other
161:Nez Percés
141:Unitarians
137:Christians
131:five; the
127:five; the
111:nine; the
101:Methodists
61:Protestant
36:government
356:, (2014)
180:in 1874.
169:Christian
157:Chippewas
149:Lutherans
147:one; and
123:six; the
107:ten; the
430:vdoc.pub
364:, 30–71.
307:cite web
215:New Deal
125:Baptists
56:Congress
135:three;
121:Friends
105:Friends
50:History
38:of the
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288:(PDF)
153:Sioux
143:two;
139:two;
358:ISBN
313:link
59:all-
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