1346:
37:
1763:
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1693:
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1751:, John Collier and the U.S. government, believing that Navajo agriculture was causing environmental damage to the area, forced farmers to cull their livestock; the resulting economic impact led the Navajo to engage in organized political resistance and more robust self-governance, a process which accelerated further after
1665:, when up to a quarter of all U.S. troops were stationed in the Southwest. The Tohono O'odham, who had themselves been hostile with the Apache since at least the late seventeenth century, were occasional allies for the Americans, such as in 1871, when a coalition of O'odham and American settlers conducted a
1744:; by 1940, Arizona was home to around 2,500 Yaquis. Despite this, the Pascua Yaquis were not recognized by the United States government until 1978, when the Pascua Yaqui Reservation was established on the outskirts of Tucson. It is the most recent reservation to be established entirely within Arizona.
1447:
During the 13th and 14th centuries CE, the
Hohokam, Mogollon, Sinagua, and Ancestral Puebloan peoples all experienced a period of severe depopulation. While the precise causes of this are not definitively known, localized climate change, including severe drought and flooding, has been suggested as a
1785:
in the United States, many
Arizona Native tribes have turned to casinos as a source of income. Although only around forty percent of tribes nationwide operate gaming facilities, that proportion is much higher in Arizona, with sixteen of twenty-two recognized tribes being involved in gaming.
1327:
In the 21st century, Arizona's Native communities continue to play a prominent role in its culture, notably in its tourism industry. However, they also face systemic inequality, including a lack of water infrastructure and an increased susceptibility to health crises such as the
1797:, by far the largest reservation in Arizona, 36% of residents live below the poverty line, 35% of residents lack running water, and thousands of residents lack electricity. Issues of water access have been compounded in recent years by droughts affecting the
1646:. It is estimated that hundreds of Navajo died during the migration itself, and upward of 2,000 died due to poor conditions at Bosque Redondo. The Army's difficulties in managing the reservation led them to negotiate the 1868
1307:
Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, present-day
Arizona was ruled in turn by Spain, Mexico, and the United States. Settlers from all three nations encountered resistance from native Arizona communities, particularly the
1380:
period saw these early cultures transition from specializing in big game to a more varied diet, including the advent of early agricultural practices. Archaic cultures identified in present-day
Arizona include the
1266:
1613:
by the U.S. in 1854. Soon after establishing control over the area, the United States government constructed a series of military forts to enforce its authority over the Native population; the first of these,
972:
1720:, school policies prohibited the use of native languages and clothing and separated children from the same tribe. Although the curriculum underwent heavy reform during the 1930s at the behest of reformist
1703:
In addition to direct conflicts, other aspects of the United States' policy toward Native peoples profoundly affected
Arizona Natives' way of life. The establishment of reservations, beginning with the
102:
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1420:, a type of monumental, multi-storied structure that could house as many as several thousand individuals. Several archaeological sites in Arizona that preserve pueblos include the Hohokam
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that lie entirely within its borders. Reservations make up over a quarter of the state's land area. Arizona has the third largest Native
American population of any U.S. state.
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162:
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Native-run casinos, along with sites on tribal land, museums, and cultural festivals, have become an important contributor to
Arizona's tourism industry in the 21st century.
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in 1859, sometimes involved the resettlement of indigenous groups away from their traditional land. The second half of the 19th century also saw the establishment of the
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By the mid-18th century, decades of violence and forcible lifestyle changes from
Spanish colonization led to discontent among the O'odham, who in 1751 ignited the
2535:
1771:
3626:"Structural Inequalities Established the Architecture for COVID-19 Pandemic Among Native Americans in Arizona: a Geographically Weighted Regression Perspective"
1747:
The 20th century also saw an increasingly strong movement for self-determination among
Arizona Natives, particularly the Navajo. During the construction of the
1165:
741:
244:
107:
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remain the longest armed conflict in U.S. history. Though conflict had erupted earlier in New Mexico, fighting in present-day
Arizona was sparked by the 1861
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initiatives by incorporating indigenous languages into schooling, although state educational standards have at times come into conflict with these programs.
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1207:
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1111:
1033:
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4453:
4338:
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1126:
147:
307:
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The 2010 census recorded a population of 639. The figure of 0 is considered inaccurate, as the reservation continues to have several hundred residents.
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2973:
2763:
1962:
1717:
1598:
157:
4410:
4358:
4070:
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1227:
302:
2818:-speaking people who migrated into the American Southwest from the north, possibly around 1300 CE. Apache bands connected to Arizona include the
4023:
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4384:
4314:
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1550:. The late 18th century saw intense rebellion against Spanish rule by the Apache, particularly during the 1770s, which led to the expansion of
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4354:
4331:
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1258:
1106:
1023:
873:
808:
783:
751:
327:
97:
27:
1661:. U.S. campaigns against the Apache, as well as the Yavapai, continued for decades; they were particularly intense following the end of the
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1345:
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in Arizona dates back at least 13,000 years. Over subsequent millennia, several complex and long-lived cultures emerged; these included the
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2568:
1832:
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Native Americans in contemporary Arizona continue to face systemic inequality, compounded by a lack of critical infrastructure. During the
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823:
227:
1421:
1202:
888:
3422:
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1577:. The end of the Spanish policies that had led to relative peace with the Apache reignited the conflict, leading to decades of bloody
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1136:
1116:
913:
908:
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The U.S. government also engaged in a series of conflicts with the Apache. Lasting for nearly forty years between 1849 and 1886, the
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182:
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driving factor, as has resource depletion and warfare with newly arrived groups in the region. This time saw the migration of the
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1709:
1508:
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137:
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1619:
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177:
67:
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with the Navajo, which allowed them to return to their land in exchange for establishing a separate reservation there.
1329:
736:
523:
222:
117:
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1705:
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1558:. In the late 1780s, the presidios began to hand out rations to the Apache, which reduced the scope of the conflict.
1301:
868:
3480:
2778:
The indigenous peoples of Arizona speak a variety of languages from several different language families. Speakers of
1511:
in 1540, both of whom encountered the Zuni and were met with resistance. In the second half of the 17th century, the
1468:. By contrast, the Hohokam, Mogollon, Sinagua, and Ancestral Puebloans are thought to be ancestral to the modern-day
661:
419:
1807:(2023) that the U.S. government has no obligation under the Treaty of Bosque Redondo to supply water to the Navajo.
2101:
1725:
1570:
1493:
1429:
778:
414:
2672:
1400:
Following the end of the Archaic period, several prominent cultures emerged in present-day Arizona, including the
2969:
2436:
1956:
1437:
1433:
1361:
475:
167:
3973:
Miller, Mark Edwin (2004). "Bypassing the Bureau: The Pascua Yaquis' Quest for Legislative Tribal Recognition".
3874:
3352:"Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs"
1606:
4468:
2611:
2540:
2441:
2403:
2365:
2337:
2299:
2215:
2063:
1803:
1721:
1647:
1369:
883:
828:
773:
758:
605:
4208:
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1762:
3109:
2082:
1923:
3163:
2754:
2733:
2710:
2677:
2620:
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2412:
2231:
1793:, indigenous peoples, particularly on tribal land, faced disproportionately higher rates of illness. In the
1756:
1643:
1488:
918:
601:
487:
317:
312:
277:
122:
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1578:
3796:
2738:
2705:
2577:
2478:
2474:
2451:
2445:
2429:
2407:
2369:
2243:
2186:
2177:
2134:
1945:
1782:
1615:
1365:
833:
768:
711:
706:
217:
112:
467:
4230:
3196:
3181:
3100:
3012:
2960:
2847:
2831:
2682:
2654:
2615:
2582:
2192:
2068:
1844:
1827:
1713:
1697:
1313:
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282:
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1630:
launched a relentless campaign against the Navajo. Upon their surrender in 1864, they, along with the
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2920:
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2106:
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1623:
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424:
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346:
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and other languages have been proposed, but none of these have been widely accepted by researchers.
1673:. The formal end of the Apache Wars is not clearly defined; while 1886, which saw the Apache leader
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1666:
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272:
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2859:
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2517:
2507:
1977:
1741:
1662:
1441:
1270:
982:
843:
763:
585:
462:
332:
212:
192:
127:
82:
1569:, leading to the withdrawal of Spanish troops and the eventual abandonment of every mission but
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began widespread exploration of present-day Arizona, including the establishment of over twenty
1349:
A map showing the extent of the Hohokam, Mogollon, and Ancestral Puebloan cultures circa 1350 CE
597:
3768:
1692:
1618:, was established in Navajo territory in 1851. After a series of conflicts, including the 1860
1436:. The Hohokam are also known for constructing an elaborate system of canals in what is now the
3655:
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3105:
3031:
2827:
2726:
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1929:
1917:
1790:
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479:
1634:
Apache, were forced to migrate from their land in present-day Arizona to internment camps at
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553:
87:
72:
1520:
399:
4369:
4295:
4240:
4024:"Historical Marginalization Has Left the Navajo Nation Uniquely Vulnerable to COVID-19"
3650:
3625:
3266:
3191:
2811:
2637:
2353:
1798:
1565:
transferred control over present-day Arizona from the Spanish to the newly-established
1512:
1504:
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1357:
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1071:
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691:
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369:
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787:
671:
503:
483:
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389:
257:
187:
77:
57:
1300:
settlers arrived in present-day Arizona in the mid-16th century, later establishing
4220:
3177:
2819:
2644:
1838:
1752:
1528:
1524:
813:
651:
589:
62:
1356:
are believed to have first settled present-day Arizona at least 13,000 years ago.
1372:. Paleo-Indian peoples were hunter-gatherers who relied highly on North American
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4213:
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3041:
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2018:
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364:
3975:
Forgotten Tribes: Unrecognized Indians and the Federal Acknowledgment Process
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1880:
1868:
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1373:
1320:
system, environmental degradation on reservation lands, and, in some cases,
838:
666:
656:
572:
561:
434:
4049:
3659:
1312:. During 19th and 20th century American rule, Arizona Natives faced forced
1296:, who are all thought to be ancestors of multiple modern tribes. The first
3951:
1736:
Around the turn of the 20th century, brutal oppression during the Mexican
1261:
who currently live or have historically lived in what is now the state of
4156:
3745:
3532:
3530:
3503:
3501:
3445:
3443:
2997:
2787:
2770:, is federally recognized, but it does not currently have a reservation.
2418:
2398:
1886:
1674:
1551:
681:
565:
557:
533:
528:
267:
3990:"The effect of Arizona language policies on Arizona Indigenous students"
3959:
3935:
3753:
3729:
3474:
3472:
4300:
4290:
4280:
4186:
4136:
4112:
4103:
3597:"Supreme Court rejects claims by the Navajo Nation in a key water case"
3221:
3133:
2945:
2803:
2791:
2715:
2686:
2276:
2220:
2111:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1987:
1939:
1856:
1682:
1465:
1409:
1401:
1289:
1281:
1262:
541:
292:
287:
262:
3624:
Yellow Horse, Aggie J.; Yang, Tse-Chuan; Huyser, Kimberly R. (2022).
3568:"Arizona's indigenous communities shape the state's past and present"
3085:
2489:
2153:
1904:
1816:
1457:
1453:
1417:
1309:
1589:
1480:
people, although this can be difficult to determine with certainty.
1593:
A U.S. soldier stands guard over Navajo people during the Long Walk
4235:
1972:
1761:
1691:
1588:
1487:
1344:
864:
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
863:
1605:
during the late 1840s as a result of the American victory in the
1360:
spear points have been discovered in several locations along the
4191:
4151:
3017:
2851:
2375:
2148:
1874:
1473:
4327:
4074:
1609:; the southernmost portion of the state, including Tucson, was
3730:"Gateways for Athabascan Migration to the American Southwest"
3988:
Combs, Mary Carol; Nicholas, Sheilah E. (February 1, 2012).
103:
Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
3416:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3398:
1740:
drove many Yaquis to flee north to Arizona, becoming the
3377:"US States With The Largest Native American Populations"
1718:
assimilate Arizona Native children into American culture
1304:
and drastically disrupting the indigenous way of life.
3901:"America's longest war was partially fought in Arizona"
3595:
Becenti, Arlyssa D.; McKinnon, Shaun (June 22, 2023).
2033:
List of federally recognized tribes by state § Arizona
1503:
The first Europeans to enter present-day Arizona were
298:
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
3619:
3617:
4254:
4119:
1622:, the military commander of New Mexico Territory,
2888:. Various theories for relationships between the
1444:that provides water for much of Central Arizona.
3929:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3921:
1440:, which formed the foundation of the modern-day
1213:List of Indian reservations in the United States
3723:
3721:
1781:, which established a regulatory structure for
3590:
3588:
3561:
3559:
889:The International Indian Treaty Council (IITC)
4339:
4086:
3350:Bureau of Indian Affairs (January 12, 2023).
2007:(Northeastern Yavapai), north-central Arizona
1235:
1208:List of federally recognized tribes by state
8:
1801:; moreover, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in
1496:, constructed in the late 18th century near
1276:Archaeological evidence for the presence of
4515:Lists of indigenous peoples of the Americas
1755:. Some Arizona tribes have also engaged in
1432:, and the Ancestral Puebloan structures of
16:Native Americans in the US state of Arizona
4346:
4332:
4324:
4093:
4079:
4071:
3875:"The Navajo Nation's Own 'Trail Of Tears'"
3673:American Southwest Virtual Museum (2023).
3537:American Southwest Virtual Museum (2023).
3508:American Southwest Virtual Museum (2023).
3479:Arizona Museum of Natural History (2023).
3450:American Southwest Virtual Museum (2023).
2037:
1242:
1228:
1011:
51:
18:
3849:"Fort Defiance, New Mexico (now Arizona)"
3821:National Park Service (August 10, 2023).
3649:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3281:Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal
2850:; other Uto-Aztecan speakers include the
2536:Salt River Pima–Maricopa Indian Community
1995:(Southern Yavapai), south-central Arizona
1772:Salt River Pima–Maricopa Indian Community
1689:continued until the early 20th century.
1198:Native American Medal of Honor recipients
158:Cultural assimilation of Native Americans
3977:. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
3767:Verde Valley Archaeology Center (2023).
2894:
2013:(Northwestern Yavapai), northern Arizona
1728:, the school remained open until 1990.
1716:, founded in 1891. Intended to forcibly
524:Post 1887 Apache Wars period (1887–1924)
3795:National Park Service (June 10, 2020).
3371:
3369:
3342:
3305:
1062:
1014:
26:
4315:List of Indian reservations in Arizona
4120:Contemporary peoples native to Arizona
3289:List of Indian reservations in Arizona
1597:The majority of Arizona, then part of
1554:in present-day Arizona, including the
3566:Blazier, Kelsie (September 1, 2022).
3423:"Culture History of Southern Arizona"
874:National Congress of American Indians
809:American Indian Religious Freedom Act
98:European colonization of the Americas
7:
4048:United States Census Bureau (2021).
2569:San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation
1677:surrender to the Americans and many
879:National Indian Youth Council (NIYC)
606:Northern Cheyenne Exodus (1878-1879)
228:Native American temperance activists
3899:Bassler, Hunter (January 5, 2022).
2896:Indigenous languages of California
1416:. All of these peoples constructed
1203:List of federally recognized tribes
4520:Native American history of Arizona
2001:(Western Yavapai), western Arizona
1877:, northeastern and western Arizona
1777:Following the passage of the 1988
1464:, as well as the ancestors of the
914:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
869:Native American Rights Fund (NARF)
14:
4510:Native American tribes in Arizona
3847:Office of Senate Curator (2023).
3679:American Southwest Virtual Museum
3543:American Southwest Virtual Museum
3514:American Southwest Virtual Museum
3485:Arizona Museum of Natural History
3456:American Southwest Virtual Museum
198:Native Americans and World War II
183:Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
4102:
3701:"A history of canals in Arizona"
3630:J Racial Ethn Health Disparities
3325:Includes land in multiple states
3273:
3259:
1484:Spanish and Mexican colonization
488:Buffalo Hunters' War (1876–1877)
476:(1858)|Antelope Hills expedition
203:American Indian boarding schools
35:
4255:Prehistoric cultures in Arizona
4022:Prosperity Now (May 22, 2020).
3873:Burnett, John (June 15, 2005).
3774:Verde Valley Archaeology Center
3294:Indigenous languages of Arizona
1710:American Indian boarding school
1642:that would become known as the
1556:Presidio San AgustĂn del TucsĂłn
884:Women of All Red Nations (WARN)
163:Racism against Native Americans
138:Native American slave ownership
2764:San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe
2239:Fort Mojave Indian Reservation
2173:Fort Apache Indian Reservation
1638:/Bosque Redondo, in an act of
1620:Second Battle of Fort Defiance
1269:in Arizona, including 17 with
759:American Indian Movement (AIM)
178:Indian Citizenship Act of 1924
68:Archaic period in the Americas
1:
3421:Arizona State Museum (2023).
2844:Colorado River Numic language
1601:, became administered by the
1509:Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
1255:Indigenous peoples of Arizona
712:Battle of Kelley Creek (1911)
480:Comanche Campaign (1867–1875)
468:Texas–Indian wars (1836–1877)
2814:. The Navajo and Apache are
2333:Havasupai Indian Reservation
2267:Fort Yuma Indian Reservation
2211:Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation
2130:Colorado River Indian Tribes
1942:(Yuma), southwestern Arizona
1811:List of contemporary peoples
1779:Indian Gaming Regulatory Act
717:Battle of Bear Valley (1918)
702:Crazy Snake Rebellion (1909)
697:Battle of Sugar Point (1898)
617:Rogue River Wars (1855–1856)
223:Alcohol and Native Americans
118:Slavery in the United States
4054:United States Census Bureau
2295:Gila River Indian Community
1895:(Piipaash), central Arizona
1706:Gila River Indian Community
1563:Mexican War of Independence
1452:-speaking ancestors of the
1267:federally recognized tribes
626:Puget Sound War (1855–1856)
610:Ghost Dance War (1890–1891)
602:Great Sioux War (1876–1877)
598:Red Cloud's War (1866–1868)
582:First Sioux War (1854-1856)
508:Chiricahua Wars (1860–1886)
4536:
3936:"The Other Arizona, Redux"
3728:Seymour, Deni (May 2012).
3642:10.1007/s40615-020-00940-2
2102:Cocopah Indian Reservation
1571:Mission San Xavier del Bac
1494:Mission San Xavier del Bac
779:Occupation of Wounded Knee
550:Black Hawk War (1865–1872)
538:Battle at Fort Utah (1850)
520:Geronimo's War (1881–1886)
516:Victorio's War (1879–1880)
415:American Revolutionary War
4365:
4309:
4009:10.1007/s10993-011-9230-7
3934:Sheridan, Thomas (2011).
2437:Kaibab Indian Reservation
1438:Phoenix metropolitan area
1434:Wupatki National Monument
1370:Lehner Mammoth Kill Sites
1191:congressional politicians
953:Native American languages
504:Jicarilla War (1849–1855)
484:Red River War (1874–1875)
472:Comanche Wars (1836–1877)
168:Indian Appropriations Act
3940:Journal of the Southwest
2064:Ak-Chin Indian Community
1920:(Pima), southern Arizona
1804:Arizona v. Navajo Nation
1722:Bureau of Indian Affairs
1648:Treaty of Bosque Redondo
1561:In 1821, the end of the
1546:under the leadership of
1376:for food. The following
774:Trail of Broken Treaties
662:Hualapai War (1865–1870)
630:Coeur d'Alene War (1858)
590:Colorado War (1863–1865)
3797:"Pima Uprising of 1751"
2780:Yuman–Cochimà languages
2734:Zuni Indian Reservation
1757:language revitalization
1732:20th and 21st centuries
1696:The dining hall of the
687:Bannock Uprising (1895)
652:Yavapai Wars(1861–1875)
642:Navajo Wars (1849–1866)
594:Powder River War (1865)
500:Apache Wars (1849–1924)
308:Indigenous Peoples' Day
123:Partus sequitur ventrem
2706:Yavapai-Prescott Tribe
1980:, southeastern Arizona
1959:, northwestern Arizona
1926:, southwestern Arizona
1907:, northeastern Arizona
1889:, northwestern Arizona
1883:, northeastern Arizona
1859:, southwestern Arizona
1835:, southeastern Arizona
1824:, southeastern Arizona
1783:Native American gaming
1774:
1770:, a casino run by the
1712:system, including the
1700:
1594:
1500:
1350:
1259:Native American people
1049:Southeastern Woodlands
1029:Northeastern Woodlands
834:Native American church
769:Occupation of Alcatraz
622:Yakima War (1855–1858)
578:Sioux Wars (1854–1891)
554:White River War (1879)
542:Walker War (1853–1854)
420:Cherokee–American wars
218:Native American rights
3952:10.1353/jsw.2011.0005
3827:National Park Service
3801:National Park Service
3734:Plains Anthropologist
3182:White Mountain Apache
2832:White Mountain Apache
2673:Yavapai–Apache Nation
2607:Tohono OĘĽodham Nation
1845:White Mountain Apache
1765:
1714:Phoenix Indian School
1698:Phoenix Indian School
1695:
1592:
1491:
1348:
1314:cultural assimilation
829:Traditional religions
737:Civil rights movement
692:Yaqui Uprising (1896)
667:Modoc War (1872–1873)
657:Snake War (1864–1869)
637:Mohave War(1858–1859)
566:Bluff Skirmish (1921)
562:Bluff War (1914–1915)
512:Tonto War (1871–1875)
253:Mississippian culture
208:Civil rights movement
3853:United States Senate
3823:"Apache Before 1861"
3769:"Yavapai and Apache"
3746:10.1179/pan.2012.015
3539:"Ancestral Puebloan"
3427:Arizona State Museum
2956:Colorado River Numic
2848:Uto-Aztecan language
2596:2,866.85 (7,425.10)
2399:Hualapai Reservation
2388:2,531.77 (6,557.26)
1768:Talking Stick Resort
1607:Mexican–American War
1383:San Dieguito complex
990:Tribal disenrollment
707:Last Massacre (1911)
672:Nez Perce War (1877)
425:Northwest Indian War
173:Racial Integrity Act
30:in the United States
4505:People from Arizona
2910:Number of speakers
2897:
2816:Southern Athabaskan
2766:, headquartered in
2039:
1681:Apache deported to
1414:Ancestral Puebloans
1364:, including at the
1294:Ancestral Puebloans
995:Reservation poverty
978:Societal statistics
902:Ethnic subdivisions
730:Political movements
534:Ute Wars(1850–1923)
451:Second Seminole War
360:Anglo-Powhatan Wars
22:Part of a series on
4109:Indigenous peoples
3962:– via JSTOR.
3756:– via JSTOR.
2984:Havasupai–Hualapai
2895:
2751:723.34 (1,873.45)
2645:Tonto Apache Tribe
2508:Pascua Yaqui Tribe
2392:Kykotsmovi Village
2322:583.75 (1,511.91)
2162:432.22 (1,119.44)
2052:Population (2021)
2038:
1965:, northern Arizona
1932:, southern Arizona
1871:, northern Arizona
1775:
1742:Pascua Yaqui Tribe
1701:
1685:, is often cited,
1669:of 144 Apaches at
1595:
1579:Apache–Mexico Wars
1501:
1442:Salt River Project
1395:early Basketmakers
1351:
844:Longhouse Religion
764:Red Power Movement
742:Self-determination
677:Bannock War (1878)
463:American Civil War
410:Lord Dunmore's War
333:Tribal sovereignty
213:Red Power movement
193:Blood quantum laws
148:American Civil War
128:Indian Removal Act
83:Post-Classic stage
4492:
4491:
4413:
4321:
4320:
3250:
3249:
3174:San Carlos Apache
2828:San Carlos Apache
2760:
2759:
2426:1,605 (4,156.93)
2021:, eastern Arizona
1953:, western Arizona
1901:, western Arizona
1865:, central Arizona
1847:, eastern Arizona
1841:, central Arizona
1833:San Carlos Apache
1791:COVID-19 pandemic
1687:sporadic fighting
1624:James H. Carleton
1548:Luis Oacpicagigua
1422:Casa Grande Ruins
1391:Oshara traditions
1341:Pre-Columbian era
1330:COVID-19 pandemic
1252:
1251:
1150:
1149:
1039:Pacific Northwest
1034:Northwest Plateau
819:Eagle Feather law
747:Women in politics
586:Dakota War (1862)
546:Tintic War (1856)
458:Osage Indian War
385:King Philip's War
235:
234:
4527:
4479:Washington, D.C.
4409:
4355:Native Americans
4348:
4341:
4334:
4325:
4270:
4262:Ancestral Pueblo
4107:
4106:
4095:
4088:
4081:
4072:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4050:"My Tribal Area"
4045:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4019:
4013:
4012:
3994:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3931:
3916:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3870:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3844:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3833:
3818:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3764:
3758:
3757:
3740:(222): 149–161.
3725:
3716:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3670:
3664:
3663:
3653:
3621:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3601:Arizona Republic
3592:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3563:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3534:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3505:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3476:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3447:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3418:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3373:
3364:
3363:
3356:Federal Register
3347:
3335:
3332:
3326:
3323:
3283:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3269:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3237:Language isolate
3110:Hia C-eḍ Oʼodham
2904:Language family
2898:
2886:language isolate
2838:, including the
2810:(Piipaash), and
2497:27,413 (71,000)
2459:188.75 (488.86)
2361:Hopi Reservation
2350:294.68 (763.22)
2083:Hia C-eḍ Oʼodham
2055:Area in mi (km)
2040:
1924:Hia C-eḍ Oʼodham
1640:ethnic cleansing
1585:American Arizona
1426:Montezuma Castle
1322:ethnic cleansing
1244:
1237:
1230:
1166:Native Americans
1044:The Great Plains
1012:
947:
945:American English
919:Louisiana Creole
647:Paiute War(1860)
573:Posey War (1923)
268:Iroquois culture
143:Indian Territory
93:Age of Discovery
52:
39:
28:Native Americans
19:
4535:
4534:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4488:
4361:
4352:
4322:
4317:
4305:
4266:
4250:
4177:Southern Paiute
4115:
4101:
4099:
4069:
4068:
4058:
4056:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4032:
4030:
4021:
4020:
4016:
3992:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3933:
3932:
3919:
3909:
3907:
3898:
3897:
3893:
3883:
3881:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3857:
3855:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3831:
3829:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3805:
3803:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3779:
3777:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3727:
3726:
3719:
3709:
3707:
3698:
3697:
3693:
3683:
3681:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3623:
3622:
3615:
3605:
3603:
3594:
3593:
3586:
3576:
3574:
3565:
3564:
3557:
3547:
3545:
3536:
3535:
3528:
3518:
3516:
3507:
3506:
3499:
3489:
3487:
3478:
3477:
3470:
3460:
3458:
3449:
3448:
3441:
3431:
3429:
3420:
3419:
3396:
3386:
3384:
3383:. 25 April 2017
3375:
3374:
3367:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3339:
3338:
3333:
3329:
3324:
3307:
3302:
3279:
3274:
3272:
3265:
3260:
3258:
3255:
2836:Southern Paiute
2776:
2634:4,400 (11,300)
2452:Southern Paiute
2284:68.80 (178.19)
2256:65.44 (169.49)
2046:Arizona County
2028:
1946:Southern Paiute
1813:
1734:
1587:
1486:
1462:Rocky Mountains
1389:and subsequent
1362:San Pedro River
1343:
1338:
1318:boarding school
1265:. There are 22
1248:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1160:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1058:
1009:
1001:
1000:
999:
967:
959:
958:
957:
943:
933:
925:
924:
923:
903:
895:
894:
893:
858:
850:
849:
848:
803:
795:
794:
793:
731:
723:
722:
721:
682:Crow War (1887)
349:
339:
338:
337:
263:Hohokam culture
247:
237:
236:
88:Woodland period
73:Formative stage
49:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4533:
4531:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4497:
4496:
4490:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4444:North Carolina
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4415:
4414:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4343:
4336:
4328:
4319:
4318:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4272:
4271:
4258:
4256:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4231:Western Apache
4228:
4223:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4214:Akimel O'odham
4211:
4209:Tohono OĘĽodham
4201:
4200:
4199:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4116:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4075:
4067:
4066:
4040:
4028:Prosperity Now
4014:
3980:
3965:
3946:(2): 139–176.
3917:
3891:
3865:
3839:
3813:
3787:
3759:
3717:
3691:
3665:
3636:(1): 165–175.
3613:
3584:
3555:
3526:
3497:
3468:
3439:
3394:
3365:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3327:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3270:
3267:Arizona portal
3254:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3171:
3166:
3164:Western Apache
3160:
3159:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3114:Tohono OĘĽodham
3106:Akimel O'odham
3103:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3039:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3024:
3015:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2991:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2963:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2775:
2772:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2683:Western Apache
2680:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2655:Western Apache
2652:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2627:Tohono OĘĽodham
2624:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2589:Western Apache
2586:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2546:Akimel O'odham
2543:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2487:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2449:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2416:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2373:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2310:Akimel O'odham
2307:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2232:Fountain Hills
2229:
2228:38.56 (99.87)
2226:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2201:
2200:2,627 (6,804)
2198:
2195:
2193:Western Apache
2190:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2137:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2119:10.02 (25.95)
2117:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2091:34.13 (88.38)
2089:
2086:
2078:Tohono O'odham
2074:Akimel O'odham
2071:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1943:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1930:Tohono O'odham
1927:
1921:
1918:Akimel O'odham
1909:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1860:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1842:
1836:
1828:Western Apache
1825:
1812:
1809:
1799:Colorado River
1733:
1730:
1586:
1583:
1567:Mexican Empire
1539:populations.
1537:Tohono OĘĽodham
1513:Spanish Empire
1505:Marcos de Niza
1492:The church of
1485:
1482:
1424:, the Sinagua
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1250:
1249:
1247:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1122:North Carolina
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1002:
998:
997:
992:
987:
986:
985:
980:
969:
968:
965:
964:
961:
960:
956:
955:
950:
949:
948:
935:
934:
931:
930:
927:
926:
922:
921:
916:
911:
905:
904:
901:
900:
897:
896:
892:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
860:
859:
856:
855:
852:
851:
847:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
805:
804:
801:
800:
797:
796:
792:
791:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
755:
754:
744:
739:
733:
732:
729:
728:
725:
724:
720:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
633:
632:
619:
613:
612:
575:
569:
568:
558:Ute War (1887)
531:
526:
497:
491:
490:
465:
460:
454:
453:
443:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
375:Peach Tree War
372:
367:
362:
357:
351:
350:
345:
344:
341:
340:
336:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
249:
248:
243:
242:
239:
238:
233:
232:
231:
230:
225:
220:
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
133:Trail of Tears
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
50:
45:
44:
41:
40:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4532:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4419:Massachusetts
4417:
4412:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4367:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4349:
4344:
4342:
4337:
4335:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4316:
4313:
4308:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4257:
4253:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4205:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4105:
4096:
4091:
4089:
4084:
4082:
4077:
4076:
4073:
4055:
4051:
4044:
4041:
4029:
4025:
4018:
4015:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3981:
3976:
3969:
3966:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3918:
3906:
3902:
3895:
3892:
3880:
3876:
3869:
3866:
3854:
3850:
3843:
3840:
3828:
3824:
3817:
3814:
3802:
3798:
3791:
3788:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3763:
3760:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3706:
3702:
3695:
3692:
3680:
3676:
3669:
3666:
3661:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3602:
3598:
3591:
3589:
3585:
3573:
3569:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3544:
3540:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3515:
3511:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3486:
3482:
3481:"The Hohokam"
3475:
3473:
3469:
3457:
3453:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3428:
3424:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3346:
3343:
3331:
3328:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3299:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3271:
3268:
3257:
3252:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3217:Yuman–CochimĂ
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3129:Yuman–CochimĂ
3127:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3061:Yuman–CochimĂ
3059:
3057:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3037:Yuman–CochimĂ
3035:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2989:Yuman–CochimĂ
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2941:Yuman–CochimĂ
2939:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2890:Zuni language
2887:
2883:
2878:
2876:
2875:Tewa language
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2470:Navajo Nation
2468:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2431:
2430:Peach Springs
2428:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2058:Headquarters
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2025:
2020:
2017:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1795:Navajo Nation
1792:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1659:Bascom affair
1656:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1616:Fort Defiance
1612:
1608:
1604:
1603:United States
1600:
1591:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1531:to the local
1530:
1527:to introduce
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1354:Paleo-Indians
1347:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1278:Paleo-Indians
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1245:
1240:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1156:
1155:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1005:
1004:
996:
993:
991:
988:
984:
981:
979:
976:
975:
974:
973:Neighborhoods
971:
970:
963:
962:
954:
951:
946:
942:
941:
940:
937:
936:
929:
928:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
909:Black Indians
907:
906:
899:
898:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
861:
854:
853:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
806:
799:
798:
789:
788:Red handprint
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
753:
750:
749:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
734:
727:
726:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
634:
631:
627:
623:
620:
618:
615:
614:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
576:
574:
571:
570:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
498:
496:
493:
492:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
455:
452:
448:
447:Seminole Wars
445:
444:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
405:Pontiac's War
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
390:Tuscarora War
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
352:
348:
343:
342:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
323:Neighborhoods
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
258:Adena culture
256:
254:
251:
250:
246:
241:
240:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
188:Jim Crow laws
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
119:
116:
114:
111:
109:
106:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
79:
78:Classic stage
76:
74:
71:
69:
66:
64:
61:
59:
58:Paleo-Indians
56:
55:
54:
53:
48:
43:
42:
38:
34:
33:
29:
25:
21:
20:
4374:
4311:
4226:Southern Ute
4221:Tonto Apache
4108:
4057:. Retrieved
4053:
4043:
4033:November 19,
4031:. Retrieved
4027:
4017:
4000:
3996:
3983:
3974:
3968:
3943:
3939:
3910:November 19,
3908:. Retrieved
3904:
3894:
3884:November 19,
3882:. Retrieved
3878:
3868:
3858:November 19,
3856:. Retrieved
3852:
3842:
3830:. Retrieved
3826:
3816:
3804:. Retrieved
3800:
3790:
3778:. Retrieved
3772:
3762:
3737:
3733:
3708:. Retrieved
3704:
3699:SRP (2023).
3694:
3682:. Retrieved
3678:
3668:
3633:
3629:
3606:November 19,
3604:. Retrieved
3600:
3575:. Retrieved
3571:
3546:. Retrieved
3542:
3517:. Retrieved
3513:
3488:. Retrieved
3484:
3459:. Retrieved
3455:
3430:. Retrieved
3426:
3385:. Retrieved
3380:
3362:: 2112–2116.
3359:
3355:
3345:
3330:
3202:Pascua Yaqui
3178:Tonto Apache
2879:
2860:Pascua Yaqui
2842:, speak the
2820:Tonto Apache
2782:include the
2777:
2761:
2723:2.21 (5.72)
2695:1.00 (2.60)
2685:
2662:0.59 (1.53)
2619:
2614:
2581:
2576:
2548:
2525:1.87 (4.83)
2518:Pascua Yaqui
2482:
2477:
2444:
2411:
2406:
2378:
2368:
2312:
2302:
2185:
2180:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2081:
2076:
2030:
2029:
2026:Reservations
1978:Pascua Yaqui
1839:Tonto Apache
1802:
1788:
1776:
1753:World War II
1746:
1735:
1726:John Collier
1702:
1652:
1596:
1560:
1541:
1529:Christianity
1525:Eusebio Kino
1521:PimerĂa Alta
1507:in 1539 and
1502:
1446:
1399:
1352:
1326:
1306:
1275:
1271:reservations
1254:
1253:
1076:
983:Reservations
966:Demographics
814:Christianity
628: /
624: /
608: /
604: /
600: /
596: /
592: /
588: /
584: /
580: /
564: /
560: /
556: /
552: /
548: /
544: /
540: /
536: /
522: /
518: /
514: /
510: /
506: /
502: /
486: /
482: /
478: /
474: /
470: /
449: /
400:Dummer's War
63:Lithic stage
4276:Basketmaker
4142:Halchidhoma
4059:October 15,
4003:: 101–118.
3997:Lang Policy
3832:October 31,
3806:October 31,
3780:October 30,
3710:October 30,
3684:October 16,
3577:October 15,
3548:October 15,
3519:October 15,
3490:October 15,
3461:October 15,
3432:October 15,
3197:Uto-Aztecan
3101:Uto-Aztecan
3042:Halchidhoma
3013:Uto-Aztecan
2961:Uto-Aztecan
2866:speak both
2800:Halchidhoma
2755:Zuni Pueblo
2501:Window Rock
2260:Needles, CA
1863:Halchidhoma
1655:Apache Wars
1636:Fort Sumner
1626:, and Col.
1544:Pima Revolt
1181:war leaders
1024:Great Basin
752:Nationalism
440:Arikara War
430:War of 1812
395:Yamasee War
380:Esopus Wars
370:Kieft's War
355:Beaver Wars
153:Dawes Rolls
4499:Categories
4380:California
4132:Chiricahua
4127:Chemehuevi
3452:"Mogollon"
3381:WorldAtlas
3300:References
3169:Athabaskan
3081:Athabaskan
2966:Chemehuevi
2926:Chiricahua
2921:Athabaskan
2916:Chiricahua
2840:Chemehuevi
2824:Chiricahua
2699:Camp Verde
2600:San Carlos
2562:Scottsdale
2204:Whiteriver
2140:Chemehuevi
2031:See also:
1993:Kwevkepaya
1951:Chemehuevi
1822:Chiricahua
1749:Hoover Dam
1738:Yaqui Wars
1679:Chiricahua
1671:Camp Grant
1628:Kit Carson
1599:New Mexico
1450:Athabaskan
1393:, and the
1316:under the
1082:California
495:Cayuse War
365:Pequot War
313:Literature
4484:Wisconsin
4411:Baltimore
4312:See also:
4268:dwellings
4197:Hopi-Tewa
4147:Havasupai
3675:"Archaic"
3510:"Sinagua"
3154:Hopi-Tewa
3022:Hopi-Tewa
2994:Havasupai
2907:Tribe(s)
2901:Language
2864:Hopi-Tewa
2784:Havasupai
2774:Languages
2768:Tuba City
2558:84 (217)
2380:Hopi-Tewa
2343:Havasupai
1999:Tolkepaya
1881:Hopi-Tewa
1869:Havasupai
1663:Civil War
1644:Long Walk
1632:Mescalero
1611:purchased
1552:presidios
1460:from the
1374:megafauna
1186:musicians
1142:Wisconsin
1054:Southwest
1015:by region
1008:Geography
932:Languages
839:Sun Dance
824:Mormonism
435:Creek War
4474:Virginia
4454:Oklahoma
4439:New York
4429:Nebraska
4424:Michigan
4405:Maryland
4385:Colorado
4359:location
4286:Mogollon
4162:Maricopa
4157:Hualapai
3960:41710083
3754:43700746
3660:33469867
3253:See also
3090:170,000
3046:Maricopa
3032:Maricopa
2998:Hualapai
2974:San Juan
2884:speak a
2870:and the
2808:Maricopa
2788:Hualapai
2727:Prescott
2612:Maricopa
2550:Maricopa
2541:Maricopa
2494:169,688
2479:Coconino
2463:Fredonia
2442:Coconino
2419:Hualapai
2404:Coconino
2366:Coconino
2338:Coconino
2314:Maricopa
2300:Maricopa
2216:Maricopa
2123:Somerton
2095:Maricopa
2005:Wipukepa
1963:San Juan
1893:Maricopa
1887:Hualapai
1675:Geronimo
1667:massacre
1517:missions
1430:Tuzigoot
1406:Mogollon
1302:missions
1286:Mogollon
1257:are the
1137:Virginia
1127:Oklahoma
1117:Nebraska
1112:Michigan
1107:Maryland
1087:Colorado
1063:by state
802:Religion
529:Yuma War
108:Genocide
4390:Florida
4375:Arizona
4301:Sinagua
4291:Patayan
4281:Hohokam
4241:Yavapai
4204:OĘĽodham
4187:Quechan
4137:Cocopah
4113:Arizona
3651:7815191
3222:Yavapai
3212:Yavapai
3186:13,445
3134:Quechan
3124:Quechan
3118:15,000
3096:O'odham
2946:Cocopah
2936:Cocopah
2856:O'odham
2812:Cocopah
2804:Quechan
2792:Yavapai
2716:Yavapai
2711:Yavapai
2687:Yavapai
2678:Yavapai
2631:10,554
2593:10,815
2413:Yavapai
2326:Sacaton
2319:12,083
2277:Quechan
2221:Yavapai
2197:14,854
2112:Cocopah
1988:Yavapai
1940:Quechan
1913:O'odham
1857:Cocopah
1683:Florida
1573:, near
1519:in the
1470:OĘĽodham
1466:Yavapai
1418:pueblos
1410:Sinagua
1402:Hohokam
1378:Archaic
1336:History
1298:Spanish
1290:Sinagua
1282:Hohokam
1263:Arizona
1171:artists
1092:Florida
1077:Arizona
939:English
318:Fashion
288:Pow wow
245:Culture
113:Slavery
47:History
4459:Oregon
4434:Nevada
4395:Hawaii
4370:Alaska
4296:Salado
4172:Navajo
4167:Mohave
3958:
3905:12News
3752:
3658:
3648:
3572:ABC 15
3387:16 May
3246:9,620
3149:Tanoan
3086:Navajo
3076:Navajo
3066:Mohave
3056:Mojave
3026:6,100
3002:1,500
2970:Kaibab
2930:1,500
2872:Tanoan
2862:. The
2858:, and
2834:. The
2830:, and
2796:Mohave
2748:8,445
2739:Apache
2666:Payson
2578:Graham
2555:6,943
2529:Tucson
2522:3,742
2490:Navajo
2484:Navajo
2475:Apache
2446:Mohave
2423:1,576
2408:Mohave
2385:8,655
2370:Navajo
2281:1,372
2253:1,735
2249:Mohave
2244:Mohave
2225:1,057
2187:Navajo
2178:Apache
2166:Parker
2159:8,717
2154:Navajo
2144:Mohave
2135:La Paz
2116:1,252
2088:1,241
2049:Tribe
2011:Yavapé
1957:Kaibab
1905:Navajo
1899:Mohave
1817:Apache
1724:chief
1575:Tucson
1533:Akimel
1498:Tucson
1476:, and
1458:Apache
1454:Navajo
1412:, and
1387:Picosa
1385:, the
1358:Clovis
1310:Apache
1292:, and
1176:actors
1132:Oregon
1097:Hawaii
1072:Alaska
857:Groups
328:Health
4464:Texas
4236:Yaqui
3993:(PDF)
3956:JSTOR
3750:JSTOR
3192:Yaqui
2638:Sells
2621:Pinal
2583:Pinal
2354:Supai
2304:Pinal
2069:Pinal
2043:Name
1973:Yaqui
1159:Lists
293:Dance
283:Music
4469:Utah
4449:Ohio
4400:Iowa
4246:Zuni
4192:Tewa
4182:Pima
4152:Hopi
4061:2023
4035:2023
3912:2023
3886:2023
3860:2023
3834:2023
3808:2023
3782:2023
3712:2023
3686:2023
3656:PMID
3608:2023
3579:2023
3550:2023
3521:2023
3492:2023
3463:2023
3434:2023
3389:2022
3242:Zuni
3232:Zuni
3226:245
3206:640
3158:300
3144:Tewa
3070:200
3018:Hopi
3008:Hopi
2978:920
2950:370
2882:Zuni
2880:The
2868:Hopi
2852:Hopi
2846:, a
2762:The
2744:Zuni
2720:309
2692:871
2659:137
2650:Gila
2616:Pima
2574:Gila
2513:Pima
2456:300
2376:Hopi
2288:Yuma
2272:Yuma
2182:Gila
2149:Hopi
2107:Yuma
2019:Zuni
1875:Hopi
1766:The
1535:and
1478:Zuni
1474:Hopi
1456:and
1428:and
1368:and
1366:Naco
1102:Iowa
784:MMIW
347:Wars
303:Film
278:Food
4357:by
4111:of
4005:doi
3948:doi
3879:NPR
3742:doi
3705:SRP
3646:PMC
3638:doi
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