1344:"Section 25 Minimum of Criminal Procedure Everyone who is charged with an offence has, in relation to the determination of the charge, the following minimum rights: (a)the right to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial court: (b)the right to be tried without undue delay: (c)the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law: (d)the right not to be compelled to be a witness or to confess guilt: (e)the right to be present at the trial and to present a defence: (f)the right to examine the witnesses for the prosecution and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses for the defence under the same conditions as the prosecution: (g)the right, if convicted of an offence in respect of which the penalty has been varied between the commission of the offence and sentencing, to the benefit of the lesser penalty: (h)the right, if convicted of the offence, to appeal according to law to a higher court against the conviction or against the sentence or against both: (i)the right, in the case of a child, to be dealt with in a manner that takes account of the child's age".
1312:"All persons shall be equal before the courts and tribunals. In the determination of any criminal charge against him, or of his rights and obligations in a suit at law, everyone shall be entitled to a fair and public hearing by a competent, independent and impartial tribunal established by law. The press and the public may be excluded from all or part of a trial for reasons of morals, public order or national security in a democratic society, or when the interest of the private lives of the parties so requires, or to the extent strictly necessary in the opinion of the court in special circumstances where publicity would prejudice the interests of justice; but any judgement rendered in a criminal case or in a suit at law shall be made public except where the interest of juvenile persons otherwise requires or the proceedings concern matrimonial disputes or the guardianship of children"
2150:, is a good demonstration of this. In this review concerns were expressed that, due to constitution, not entrenched, there was no overarching protection for human rights. Within the review multiple states expressed their concerns over the lack of protection human rights had, due to the constitutional framework; all states were seen to highly recommend New Zealand taking steps towards constitutional entrenchment, and therefore protected human rights. Aside from these issues brought up, the international community collectively commended New Zealand's work in upholding human rights, such as the amount of ratifications completed and the work with the Māori peoples.
1568:
groups being able to vote, and be elected to
Parliament. For example, New Zealand has female Members of Parliament, as well as those in the Māori, Pacific Islander, Asian, homosexual and Muslim minorities. Māori political rights are further protected by giving Māori people the option to be on the General or Māori electoral roll, and by having reserved seats in the House of Representatives. This formula in turn projects the number of Māori electorates, General electorates and thus party list seats under the
1474:, and as such acquires rights generally associated with such a system. Democratic rights include electoral rights, the right for citizens to take part (directly or indirectly) in government, and the right to equal access to the public service. There is an associated duty of responsible citizenship, or being willing to play one's part in public affairs and to respect the rights and freedoms of others. These rights give the ability to participate in both public and political life when considered together.
800:
1556:. Part of this right to self-determination is the right to determine political status freely. International human rights standards recognise that democratic and political rights require the protection of a range of other rights and freedoms, including the right to justice, freedom of expression, the right to peaceful assembly and freedom of association contained in the ICCPR. They must also be enjoyed without discrimination. This is stated in the ICCPR (as well as the
43:
2100:
and will lead its work for the next five years. The report notes steady improvements in New
Zealand's human rights record since 2004, but also "the fragility of some of the gains and areas where there has been deterioration." In the report, the Commission identifies thirty priority areas for action on human rights in New Zealand under a number of sections: general; civil and political rights; economic, social and cultural rights; and rights of specific groups.
883:. During this peer review process many countries praised New Zealand's human rights record and identified that the perception of New Zealand as a comparatively fair and equal society is crucial to its international reputation. Areas where the nation was directed to make improvements include disparities experienced by Māori as demonstrated by key social and economic indicators and the extent of family violence and violence against women and children.
791:. During this peer review process many countries praised New Zealand's human rights record and identified that the perception of New Zealand as a comparatively fair and equal society is crucial to its international reputation. Areas where the nation was directed to make improvements include disparities experienced by Māori as demonstrated by key social and economic indicators and the extent of family violence and violence against women and children.
1224:"The law of New Zealand must recognise that in cases where the commencement of criminal proceedings is highly likely the Court has inherent jurisdiction to prevent the risk of contempt of Court by granting an injunction. But the freedom of the press and other media is not to be interfered with lightly and it must be shown that there is a real likelihood of a publication of material that will seriously prejudice the fairness of the trial".
1498:, these two statutes make up a basis for Human Rights protection in New Zealand. They were not incorporated directly into the legal system, however many of the rights within the ICCPR were replicated in the Bill of Rights Act 1990. These include electoral rights under section 12, and freedom of association under section 17. The Human Rights Act 1993 also concerns non-discrimination based on political opinion under section 21.
656:
1970:, provisions in the Income Tax Act 2007 prohibited families who received income benefits or accident compensation from being eligible for tax credits, but such discrimination was found to be justified under section 5 of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990. Academics have stated that New Zealand takes a 'needs-based' approach to the administration of social security, as opposed to a 'rights-based' approach.
2006:
1254:
however it still holds great influence in other realms of New
Zealand law, such as administration law (due to the use of the Rule of Law). This essential right has been in practice from the early beginnings of New Zealand due to the continuation of English Law during its colonisation, and has continued to develop over the years with the international community.
1933:
country is making some progress in regards to the role of women in the workforce. Women remain underrepresented in areas of public life such as law, governance and corporate sector leadership. The gender pay gap in 2014 was 9.9 per cent. In 2013, the
Employment Relations Act 2000 was amended to restrict workers' entitlements to paid breaks.
1987:
Zealand's third report from the CESCR. The
Committee made several recommendations to New Zealand in order for the country to increase its protection of ESCR. Such recommendations included incorporating ESCR into the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 and enhancing the enjoyment of ESCR for Māori, Pasifika and people with disabilities.
3134:
1293:, found in every democratic society including New Zealand, is essentially the authority the law has on every citizen, regardless of their status. It has been defined as a doctrine that holds the law above all citizens in an equal manner, and even government officials are accountable to the ordinary courts of law.
1535:. However entrenching provisions would appear to indicate intent to protect rights. Section 6 of the Bill of Rights Act provides for judicial interpretation in favour of right-protecting interests, which allows judges to interpret around provisions in other legislation that may appear to impede human rights.
1834:
There is no explicit right to health in New
Zealand. However, there is a statutory framework which has been implemented over several decades which provides for the administration of health care and services. This framework includes the New Zealand Public Health and Disability Act 2000, the Health and
1253:
in New
Zealand has been defined as "a court hearing that is procedurally just to both parties"; it is all encompassing for every citizen in New Zealand, and is pinnacle in the functionality of the justice system. The area this civil and criminal right has the most influence in is criminal procedures,
1060:
The 2009 report by the U.S. Department of State noted that, "he law provides for an independent judiciary, and the government generally respected judicial independence in practice". In recent years concerns have been expressed that New
Zealand is not performing as well in regard to human rights as it
2121:
It is important to note that within the Act, there are still procedures in place to up hold all rights where possible. Section 6 of the Bill of Rights Act allows the Court to interpret all other enactment's meanings to be consistent with all rights. This section could perhaps be seen as an immediate
2099:
In 2010 the
Commission conducted a publicly available review of human rights in New Zealand in order to both identify the areas in which New Zealand does well, and where it could do better to combat persistent social problems. The 'report card' is an update of the Commissions' first report in 2004,
2031:
Māori population on average run greater risks of many negative economic and social outcomes. Over 50% of Māori live in areas in the three highest deprivation deciles, compared with 24% of the rest of the population. Although Māori make up 14% of the population, they make up almost 50% of the prison
1986:
The
Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) is a body consisting of 18 independent experts tasked with monitoring State parties' implementation of the ICESCR. New Zealand's efforts in implementing the ICESCR were last assessed and reported on by the CESCR in May 2012. This was New
1590:
of government. The rights of Māori to govern their own affairs where necessary is inferred by Article 2, and the extent to which all New Zealanders are proportionately represented in the institutions of the State, and which New Zealanders participate in political processes such as voting is covered
1047:
requires the Attorney-General to draw to the attention of Parliament the introduction of any Bill that is inconsistent with the Act. The Ministry of Justice, which prepares this advice for the Attorney-General, requires a minimum of two weeks to review the draft legislation. Here is a list of bills
2095:
The primary watchdog for human rights in New Zealand is the Human Rights Commission. Its stated mission is to work "for a fair, safe and just society, where diversity is valued, human rights are respected, and everyone is able to live free from prejudice and unlawful discrimination." The body is a
1869:
Citizens and residents of New Zealand must be enrolled at a registered school from their 6th birthday until their 16th birthday. In 2014, 95.9% of new school entrants had participated in early childhood education in the six months prior to starting primary school. 78.6% of 18-year-olds in 2013 had
1603:
Recognition of the above principles requires a framework for guaranteed citizens' rights, a system of representative and accountable political institutions subject to popular authorisation, and active channeling of popular opinion and engagement with government by the people. Under this model, New
1453:
It has been said that in the event of a conflict, if all other things are equal between the two rights, the right to fair trial should prevail. However it has been argued that greater tolerance should be given to freedom of speech when the issue involves something of "substantial public interest".
2080:
and the 1967 protocol. In 2009, the government proposed an immigration bill which had provisions for passenger screening. In addition, the bill would permit the withholding of reasons for the denial of entry, and would deny the applicant access to judicial review. Such developments caused concern
1932:
policy that family members who provide support services for their disabled children were ineligible to be paid for such work was discriminatory on the basis of family status. The decision was overturned by the Public Health and Disability Amendment Act 2013. The Human Rights Commission states the
1666:
Currently, ESCR are not considered justiciable in New Zealand because they affect policy and resource allocation considerations, matters for the New Zealand Government and Parliament to decide. Elements of various ESCR are protected by domestic legislation though. New Zealand has not ratified the
1663:. The New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 is predominantly concerned with the protection of civil and political rights. Including ESCR in the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 was suggested by the parliamentary Justice and Law Reform Select Committee in 1988, and was rejected by the Government.
1147:
Jurisprudence under BORA closely follows these grounds. Freedom of expression is restricted only so far as is necessary to protect a countervailing right or interest. The Court of Appeal has held that the restriction on free speech must be proportionate to the objective sought to be achieved; the
1030:
Human rights in New Zealand have never been protected by any single constitutional document or legislation, and no single institution has been primarily responsible for enforcement. Because New Zealand's human rights obligations are not entrenched and are simply part of common law, Parliament can
1801:
Because the right to housing is not specifically incorporated into domestic legislation the Court rejected considering whether the Government had met its international obligations concerning this right, and said it was instead a matter on which international forums could judge the Government. In
1599:
Human rights and democracy are internationally recognised as interdependent and provide a framework for assessing the extent to which democratic rights are respected in law and practice. According to this framework, there are two key democratic principles. The principle of popular control is the
1567:
New Zealand portrays a system by which these political rights are maintained. Equal possibility for representation exists for any citizen, regardless of gender or race. In this respect, the democratic rights standard under the ICCPR (and other UN conventions) is fulfilled with women and minority
1538:
This in itself had opposition, with arguments that allowing such a provision to exist undermines the doctrine of Parliamentary Sovereignty and impinged on the political rights of citizens as it allowed un-elected and non-representative judges to interpret rights somewhat at their discretion. The
1445:
Aside from the limits of sections 4, 5 and 6 of the Bill of Rights, and New Zealand's "unwritten" constitution, other rights may impede on the right to a fair trial where one right can overrule another. The best example is the relationship between freedom of speech and the right to a fair trial.
1277:"No free man shall be seized or imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or possessions, or outlawed or exiled, or deprived of his standing in any other way, nor will we proceed with force against him, or send others to do so, except by the lawful judgement of his equals or by the law of the land".
1232:
is a statute limiting the media's right to freedom of expression. Broadcasters have a responsibility to maintain programme standards that are consistent with: the observation of good taste and decency, the maintenance of law and order, the privacy of the individual, the principle of balance when
1449:
In New Zealand, there is a focus on finding a balance between the contrasting rights; courts focus on a balance between one person's right and another's. Although there is nothing expressly stating a hierarchy of rights, the court does in fact have the ability to limit one right so as to uphold
2153:
There has been small glimmers of movement towards an entrenched and written constitution in the past few years. The "Constitutional Conversation" in 2013, a nationwide forum, was a select panel which considered what should be done, whilst also taking into consideration the views of the public.
2051:
Māori also have considerably lower life expectancies compared to non-Māori. In 2005–2007, at birth Māori male life expectancy was 70.4 years versus 79 years for non-Māori males (a difference of 8.6 years), while the life expectancy for Māori females was 75.1 years versus 83 years for non-Māori
1092:
in New Zealand but is encompassed in a wide range of doctrines aimed at protecting free speech. An independent press, an effective judiciary, and a functioning democratic political system combine to ensure freedom of speech and of the press. In particular, freedom of expression is preserved in
752:
A distinctive feature of New Zealand's electoral system is a form of special representation for Māori in parliament. Initially considered a temporary solution on its creation in 1867, this separate system has survived debate as to its appropriateness and effectiveness. Critics have described
2138:
New Zealand is seen as one of the few countries in the world which does not have a physical document which acts as the state's constitution. New Zealand's unwritten constitution can be seen as a collective of many different acts, including the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990. There are no
1865:
The right to education is not expressly provided for in New Zealand domestic law, but the realisation of the right can be seen across various statutes, policies and administrative practices. Such statutes include the Education Act 1989, the Education Standards Act 2001 and the Private Schools
2035:
There are also issues regarding health, including higher levels of alcohol and drug abuse, smoking and obesity. Less frequent use of healthcare services mean that late diagnosis and treatment intervention lead to higher levels of morbidity and mortality in many manageable conditions, such as
1742:
organisations that provide water services to communities are required to maintain their capacity to meet obligations such as retaining ownership and control of water services in their district/region. A local government organisation is allowed to enter into contracts concerning any aspect of
1990:
Other recommendations included the rights of Māori to land, water and other such resources being legislated for, altering legislation to effectively provide for equal pay, continuing to guarantee the right to safe and affordable water, strengthening action to discourage tobacco consumption
1543:
would then be threatened also under this critique, as those who could afford good lawyers would then be at a greater advantage. Whether this is true in practice has not been proven, however it was one of the biggest points of opposition to the Bill of Rights Act prior to its inception.
1846:
decide what health services are to be funded in their region, based on national objectives and the specific needs of their locality, but this process has been criticised by commentators who claim it is not open and objective. The limited resources of the system were highlighted in
1851:, where a decision by medical professionals to discontinue a patient's dialysis treatment for resource allocation reasons was upheld, even though continued treatment would have saved the patients life. Poorer health outcomes for Māori and Pasifika people continue to persist.
1579:). However these are not binding on Parliament and as such do not necessarily have a large degree of influence. It does however provide for assistance on public opinion for policy makers, and results can be taken into consideration when formulating Bills at various stages.
4268:
1530:
These maintain the rights to voting and the size of the electorates which represent 'the people'. In the New Zealand context, entrenching provisions is one of the most effective ways to protect rights, as there is no possibility of total protection due to the doctrine of
1564:(CERD). Both CEDAW and CERD provide with specificity that the State should take steps to ensure the equal representation and participation of women, and of all ethnic and racial groups, in political processes and institutions (Article 7 of CEDAW and Article 5c of CERD).
867:
stated "We believe that US membership of the council will strengthen it and make it more effective... By any objective measure, membership of the council by the US is more likely to create positive changes more quickly than we could have hoped to achieve them."
1782:, the Human Rights Act 1993 and the Residential Tenancies Act 1986. Housing affordability in regards to both the rental market and the property market is a social issue in New Zealand which has made access to housing difficult for even middle-class families In
1526:
allows people to join with other individuals into groups that express, promote, pursue and defend common interests collectively. The Electoral Act 1993 is also important because it is one of the few 'constitutional' documents to contain entrenched provisions.
1707:
does exist in New Zealand. Relative poverty occurs when members of a society fall below the living standards which prevail in the society in which they live. For example, in 2013 260,000 dependent children, aged from 0 to 17 years, lived in relative poverty.
1668:
2139:
entrenched Acts or Bills in New Zealand law, therefore the highest power is given to parliament. This therefore means that, if parliament has a majority vote, any piece of legislation can be overturned regardless of how much emphasis the court puts on it.
1454:
Overall, the freedom of the press and of speech is not a right to be lightly interfered with, and when interference happens it must be seen as a justified limitation, but also, if publication was to occur regarding the case, serious prejudice would arise.
2129:
is obligated to report an inconsistencies to the Bill of Rights to parliament. This is a paramount section as it keeps the legislator accountable to uphold New Zealanders' individual rights, but it also mitigates any unintentional breaches on any rights.
1148:
restriction must be rationally connected to the objective; and the restriction must impair the right to freedom to the least possible amount. The right to freedom of expression may also be limited by societal values which are not in BORA, such as the
1814:, there was a shortfall of 7,100 homes. The Human Rights Commission stated in December 2013 that there was a shortage of rental, temporary and emergency accommodation in Christchurch. The Auckland Housing Accord is currently being implemented by the
1881:
qualification has increased from 2004 levels. The number of 18-year-old Māori and Pasifika people with an NCEA Level 2 equivalent qualification or higher was less than that of European or Asian students in New Zealand. In 2008 the Secretary of the
1506:, and this means that it can effectively be overturned by a simple majority in Parliament. A counter to this concern is that rights do exist in the New Zealand constitution regardless; however it is the finding of them that is the difficult part.
1101:
This provision reflects the more detailed one in Article 19 of the ICCPR. The significance of this right and its importance to democracy has been emphasised by the New Zealand courts. It has been described as the primary right without which the
1637:
1839:. The New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 also protects the right to health through the right not to be subjected to medical or scientific experimentation, the right to refuse medical treatment and the right to freedom from discrimination.
1106:
cannot effectively operate. The right is not only the cornerstone of democracy; it also guarantees the self-fulfilment of its members by advancing knowledge and revealing truth. As such, the right has been given a wide interpretation. The
1835:
Disability Services (Safety) Act 2001, the Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 and the Heath Act 1956. The Accident Compensation Act 2001 also provides no-fault insurance cover for personal injuries, administered by the
1501:
There has been concern expressed that due to the nature of the New Zealand constitution, and the lack of full integration into the legal system, rights under the ICCPR are not sufficiently protected. The Bill of Rights Act 1990 is not
4367:
3885:
753:
special representation as a form of apartheid. In 1992, when the Royal Commission on the Electoral System recommended the abolishment of the separate system, strong representations from Māori organisations resulted in its survival.
1208:
for journalists who wish to protect the identity of their sources. The Court of Appeal has also laid down guidelines for the police when searching media premises for law enforcement reasons, so that their sources remain protected.
1049:
1158:
is prohibited in New Zealand under the Human Rights Act 1993 under sections 61 and 131. These sections give effect to article 20 ICCPR. These sections and their predecessors have rarely been used. They require the consent of the
4250:
1641:
1557:
1450:
another. In New Zealand there is full recognition of the importance of freedom of speech. However, it has been seen in numerous occasions, court have upheld the right to a fair trial over the freedom of speech through media.
1723:
in November 2012 to amend the Education Act 1989 to enable State-funded breakfast and lunch meals to be provided to students attending decile 1 and 2 schools, but it did not proceed beyond its first reading in March 2015.
1111:
has said that section 14 is "as wide as human thought and imagination". Freedom of expression embraces free speech, a free press, transmission and receipt of ideas and information, freedom of expression in art, and the
2117:
Section 4 states that where there is inconsistencies between Acts, the Bill of Rights will bow. Section 5 states that all rights and freedoms are subject to reasonable limits prescribed by law in a democratic society.
2113:
In part one of the Bill of Rights, under general provisions, there are clear warnings that any of the rights found in the Act are not supreme law and can fall to Acts inconsistent with any of the rights mentioned.
1600:
right to a controlling influence over public decisions and decision-makers. The principle of political equality is the right to be treated with equal respect and as of equal worth in the context of such decisions.
1965:
Those who have suffered an accidental personal injury may also be eligible for financial support under the Accident Compensation Act 2001. Discrimination in the social security system has been alleged though. In
1886:
acknowledged the link between economic and social factors and educational achievement, and that efforts to ensure that socio-economically disadvantaged children remained engaged in education needed to continue.
900:
819:
3120:
Beetham, D. (2002). Democracy and human rights: Contrast and convergence. Seminar on the Interdependence between Democracy and Human Rights, Conference papers. Geneva: Office of the High Commissioner for Human
2154:
Nothing as of yet has come out of this. There is an opinion that it is not a question about "if" but of "when" the change will happen, as New Zealand is continually developing in its own individual identity.
4224:"New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 No 109 (as at 01 July 2013), Public Act 7 Attorney-General to report to Parliament where Bill appears to be inconsistent with Bill of Rights – New Zealand Legislation"
3917:
1327:"Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him".
1917:, employment status, ethnic belief, ethnic or national origin, family status, marital status, political opinion, race, religious belief, sex (including childbirth and pregnancy) and sexual orientation.
1866:
Conditional Integration Act 1975. From the ages of 5 years to 18 years, a person has the right to free primary and secondary education. This right extends to people who have special educational needs.
1633:
965:
827:
1281:
It was found to have paved the way for trial by jury, equality before the law, habeas corpus and a ban on arbitrary imprisonment; all rights that are within the shadow of the right to a fair trial.
1320:(UDHR) and support the efforts of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), and has put in place the Human Rights Commission (Te Kahui Tangata) to ensure this.
2020:
support. The UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination highlighted issues regarding the government handling of Māori land claims, suggesting that amendments should be made to the
1901:
Elements of the right to work and the right to the enjoyment of just and favourable work conditions are protected by the Minimum Wage Act 1983, the Health and Safety in Employment Act 1992, the
1353:
Although the Criminal Procedure Act 2011 does not initially set out the right to a fair trial, it can however be seen that the right to a fair trial is the key reason behind particular actions.
2910:
Chris Gullivan "Reliability, Hearsay and the Right to a Fair Trial in New Zealand" in P Roberts and J Hunter (ed) Criminal Evidence and Human Rights (Hart Publishing Ltd, Oxford, 2012) at 327.
2452:
4347:
1586:, one of New Zealand's founding documents and a source of law under the unwritten constitution. Article 1 of the Treaty infers the right to govern in New Zealand being the basis for the
1947:
New Zealand has a history of providing various forms of social security. The system has been designed to assist people when they are, for example, ill, unemployed, injured and elderly.
1340:
to fulfil its obligations to the International Convention of Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), as a state party, section 25 of this Act essential replicates Article 14 of the ICCPR.
3278:
2178:
The instrument of ratification also specifies that "such ratification shall extend to Tokelau only upon notification to the Secretary-General of the United Nations of such extension"
1738:
Advocacy concerning the right to water in New Zealand is centred upon the privatisation of the supply of water to households and opposing a 'user pay' approach to water consumption.
1065:
said New Zealand's human rights legislation – the Bill of Rights Act and the Human Rights Act – "were problematic and didn't prevent the passing of other laws, which breach rights".
1561:
1649:
1266:(1215) is seen as one of the earlier instruments to clearly set out the rights to a fair trial to all free men. It is applicable to New Zealand law due to it being listed in the
978:
843:
1491:
1305:
913:
823:
1296:
The rule of law is a source of the right to a fair trial, as the doctrine protects the process of the court and national equality when considering the application of the law.
477:
204:
1401:
For suppression of the defendant's identity to occur, the court must be satisfied that the publication of the name would "create a real risk of prejudice to a fair trial".
5423:
4900:
4495:
1636:(ICESCR). Other international treaties which contain provisions concerning economic, social and cultural rights (ESCR) have also been ratified by New Zealand, such as the
2016:
There are concerns regarding inequality between Māori and other ethnic groups, in terms of the disproportionate numbers of Māori people in the penitentiary system and on
1913:
Conventions, with 51 in force and 9 having been denounced. Discrimination in regards to accessing employment is prohibited on the grounds of age (from 16 years), colour,
2478:
1981:
693:
3325:
4197:"New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 No 109 (as at 01 July 2013), Public Act 6 Interpretation consistent with Bill of Rights to be preferred – New Zealand Legislation"
2840:
2142:
There has been criticism, over the years, in regards to this "unwritten constitution" and much encouragement from the international community to change this. The 2009
3992:
Sellman, JD; Huriwai, TT; Ram, RS; Deering, DE (March 1997). "Cultural linkage: treating Maori with alcohol and drug problems in dedicated Maori treatment programs".
2780:
1233:
controversial issues of public importance are discussed, and approved code of broadcasting practice applying to programmes. The Broadcasting Standards Authority is a
3640:
3924:
2688:
2059:
1948:
1871:
1803:
5012:
2411:
1758:
stated in 2012 there was increasing concern in New Zealand over the quality of drinking water, the effects of the agricultural industries' consumption of water,
2077:
1412:
The court may only do this if the court is satisfied that the publication of the identity would be likely to "create a real risk of prejudice to a fair trial".
2381:
1216:, to protect the interests of the parties, or to uphold public confidence in the integrity of the justice system. It is not uncommon for New Zealand Courts to
1608:, which provides a framework within the legal and political system; the ability to communicate and participate in the political system, and processes such as
4407:
2009:
1035:
has identified this constitutional arrangement as an area in need of action to identify opportunities for giving greater effect to human rights protections.
2215:
1818:
and central Government in order to hasten and increase the number of affordable houses built in Auckland, to combat the housing crisis affecting the city.
2096:
member of Asia Pacific Forum of National Human Rights Institutions and of the International Coordinating Committee of national human rights institutions.
518:
500:
496:
168:
2783:
2300:
1132:
It would not be in society's interests to allow freedom of expression to become a licence irresponsibly to ignore or discount other rights and freedoms.
2352:
1958:
Supplementary assistance, which recognises that some people face unavoidable expenditure, for example, in the areas of childcare and accommodation, and
1462:
Freedom of religion is addressed specifically in the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990, and the government has generally respected this in practice.
1575:
Citizens are also given a further ability to participate in the system and exercise some democratic rights by way of 'citizen initiated referenda'(or
952:
861:
482:
1514:
Electoral rights include the right to vote in Members of Parliament, and the right to run for the House of Representatives. This is done by way of a
1097:"Everyone has the right to freedom of expression, including the right to seek, receive, and impart information and opinions of any kind in any form".
5243:
5122:
4935:
4792:
3294:
2456:
2220:
1569:
776:
235:
128:
91:
5397:
4942:
3868:
3625:
2741:
2662:
2240:
1750:
proposed the allocation of water rights be administered through a national water policy and an associated commission. The Council's co-chair, Sir
1682:
139:
3900:
3100:
4952:
4751:
3664:
1795:
452:
150:
4337:
3025:
2593:
4027:
3473:
2810:
2090:
1755:
1645:
1605:
1540:
1317:
1212:
The Courts may order that publication of information be withheld in whole or part, in the interests of justice. Often this is to protect the
1032:
939:
835:
686:
565:
3943:
3218:
Joss Opie "A Case for Including Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990" (2012) 43 VUWLR 471 at 482.
1754:, stated Māori have a 'senior right' to water in New Zealand, but their rights should not override what is good for the general public. The
5610:
5438:
4889:
3275:
1627:
745:
men over 21 was granted in 1867, and extended to European males in 1879. In 1893, New Zealand was the first self-governing nation to grant
560:
199:
3709:
Natalie Baird and Diana Pickard "Economic, social and cultural rights: a proposal for a constitutional peg in the ground" NZLJ 289 at 291
3258:
2055:
Others have voiced concern for the area of 'linguistic human rights', due to the degree of prejudice against the use of Māori language.
2025:
1883:
1779:
1656:
1487:
1337:
1044:
1020:
876:
850:
780:
718:
4161:"New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 No 109 (as at 01 July 2013), Public Act 4 Other enactments not affected – New Zealand Legislation"
4565:
4490:
2798:
2279:
2071:
1267:
1016:
580:
531:
257:
3070:"Human Rights Act 1993 No 82 (as at 28 September 2017), Public Act 21 Prohibited grounds of discrimination – New Zealand Legislation"
1434:
Appeals must be accepted when there has been any miscarriage of justice, which may include a result that is seen as an unfair trial.
1423:
Suppression may only occur when the court is satisfied that the publication would "create a real risk of prejudice to a fair trial".
5059:
4880:
4537:
3169:
Natalie Baird and Diana Pickard "Economic, social and cultural rights: a proposal for a constitutional peg in the ground" NZLJ 289.
2335:
2205:
1910:
1878:
1836:
1495:
765:
726:
714:
555:
284:
279:
274:
269:
215:
1951:
both develops and implements social security policy. The Social Security Act 1964 provides for a three-tiered system of benefits:
5574:
1237:
that hears complaints from the public where codes of practice have been breached. Print news media are self-regulated through the
5615:
5539:
5501:
5458:
5127:
4997:
4895:
4819:
4804:
4602:
4467:
4400:
3886:
Concluding observations of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights on the third periodic report of New Zealand 2012
3373:
1991:(especially among Māori and Pasifika youth) and ensuring the right to housing for all is guaranteed by policies and legislation.
1929:
1914:
679:
619:
614:
470:
396:
326:
311:
306:
301:
296:
163:
3447:
3152:
768:
noted that the government generally respected the rights of individuals, but voiced concerns regarding the social status of the
729:
noted that the government generally respected the rights of individuals, but voiced concerns regarding the social status of the
5468:
5326:
5090:
4930:
4923:
4787:
4738:
4452:
4447:
4437:
4179:"New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 No 109 (as at 01 July 2013), Public Act 5 Justified limitations – New Zealand Legislation"
3410:
Peter Hosking "Freedom from Poverty: The Right to an Adequate Standard of Living" in Margaret Bedggood and Kris Gledhill (eds)
3338:
Peter Hosking "Freedom from Poverty: The Right to an Adequate Standard of Living" in Margaret Bedggood and Kris Gledhill (eds)
3244:
Peter Hosking "Freedom from Poverty: The Right to an Adequate Standard of Living" in Margaret Bedggood and Kris Gledhill (eds)
1739:
1116:. The right to freedom of expression also extends to the right to seek access to official records. This is provided for in the
457:
440:
391:
250:
245:
124:
87:
2938:
1743:
providing water services, but they will remain legally responsible to provide such services and develop policy on the matter.
5311:
5306:
5144:
4858:
4824:
4612:
4607:
4580:
4462:
2210:
1925:
1522:, with voting rights given to both men and women of the age 18 and over who are New Zealand citizens or permanent residents.
1108:
362:
2844:
2631:
Andrew Butler and Petra Butler The New Zealand Bill of Rights Act: a commentary (LexisNexis NZ Ltd, Wellington, 2005) at 323
818:
Having joined the United Nations in 1945, New Zealand has ratified seven of the nine core key human rights treaties, namely
5579:
5074:
4947:
4644:
4624:
4617:
4560:
2514:
1902:
1703:
Though New Zealand does not face the levels of poverty exhibited in developing countries, it is generally recognised that
1117:
1079:
642:
380:
146:
4329:
4138:
3676:
2695:
1356:
The following table lists some of the sections, where the right to a fair trial is essential for the courts to consider.
5032:
5017:
4985:
4846:
4841:
4550:
2125:
Section 7 of the Bill of Rights Act is also important for upholding human rights, as it creates the mechanism where the
1896:
1787:
1747:
1174:
666:
590:
351:
346:
5589:
5534:
4352:
5549:
5529:
5390:
5266:
5233:
5159:
5117:
5107:
5039:
4777:
4545:
4510:
4393:
2574:
A Bill of Rights for New Zealand: A White Paper (New Zealand Parliament House of Representatives) 1985. AJHR. 6, p 79.
2415:
2190:
1483:
757:
710:
508:
187:
55:
3459:
3398:
2385:
5569:
5524:
4319:
4069:
2894:"Universal Declaration of Human Rights – New Zealand and the United Nations – NZHistory, New Zealand history online"
1171:
relations and immigration, and comments made by politicians or other public figures regarding minority communities.
5564:
5544:
5169:
4980:
4829:
4570:
4442:
3448:
Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment 'Housing pressures in Christchurch: A Summary of the Evidence/2013'
2200:
1811:
1807:
1200:
2010 and there tends to be strong legal, public and media comment where this right is infringed. Section 68 of the
839:
523:
321:
2169:
Unless otherwise indicated, the declarations and reservations were made upon ratification, accession or succession
853:. The bid was withdrawn in March of that year to allow a clear path for the United States to win the seat, after
5418:
5331:
5296:
5194:
5174:
5154:
5139:
4870:
3541:
2143:
1687:
The right to an adequate standard of living comprises other ESCR, such as the rights to food, water and housing.
1532:
1238:
872:
375:
3052:"New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 No 109 (as at 01 July 2013), Public Act Contents – New Zealand Legislation"
1616:
hold government and governmental departments accountable where necessary in order to maintain political rights.
1390:
For a court to be cleared the court must be satisfied that there is "a real risk of prejudice to a fair trial".
5433:
5179:
5134:
5069:
4836:
4782:
4629:
4524:
4362:
2999:
J F Borrows in "Freedom of the Press under the NZBORA" in Joseph: Essays on the Constitution (1995) 286 at 303.
1860:
1001:
595:
550:
339:
228:
2058:
In 2010, Māori Affairs Minister Pita Sharples announced that the New Zealand Government would now support the
2920:
2893:
2776:
2526:
2304:
1164:
5584:
5483:
5238:
5206:
5102:
5054:
4875:
4765:
4505:
4379:
4240:
PA Joseph Constitutional and Administrative Law in New Zealand (3rd ed, Brookers, Wellington, 2007), at 134.
4223:
4196:
4178:
4160:
3743:
3386:
3069:
3051:
2356:
1613:
1471:
1008:
585:
575:
240:
72:
33:
1604:
Zealand recognises the political rights of its citizens in both law and practice. It does so by way of the
1182:
5559:
5554:
5478:
5383:
5350:
5286:
5258:
5164:
5064:
5049:
5027:
4968:
4918:
4910:
4885:
4809:
4746:
4717:
4575:
4555:
4425:
3652:
3586:
2939:"Crown Law Office "Contempt and the Media: Constitutional Safeguard or State Censorship" (1 January 1998)"
2439:
2122:
remedy to any possible basic or unintentional inconsistencies which can take away an individual's rights.
1942:
1720:
1523:
1503:
570:
447:
181:
134:
117:
3191:
Final Report of the Justice and Law Reform Committee on a White Paper on a Bill of Rights for New Zealand
5473:
5463:
5453:
5443:
5276:
5149:
5022:
5007:
4797:
4672:
4667:
4500:
4357:
2244:
1843:
1660:
1229:
1213:
1024:
1012:
3295:
The Salvation Army New Zealand, Fiji & Tonga Territory 'The Salvation Army Annual Report 2013-2014'
2921:"Criminal Procedure Act 2011 No 81 (as at 01 July 2018), Public Act Contents – New Zealand Legislation"
2745:
2666:
3897:
2328:
Advancing the Human Rights of Women: Using International Human Rights Standards in Domestic Litigation
2032:
population. Other issues include higher unemployment-rates than the general population in New Zealand
1711:
The realisation of the right to food has been aided by New Zealand charities. In the year 2013–2014,
1163:
to prosecute. Incitement to racial disharmony has been a criminal offence since the enactment of the
860:
reversed his country's previous position that the council had lost its credibility. Then New Zealand
5506:
5428:
5359:
5321:
5316:
5301:
5248:
5226:
5112:
4634:
4597:
3097:
2147:
1733:
1193:
998:
513:
104:
799:
5281:
5201:
5189:
4687:
4682:
3029:
2601:
1791:
1205:
1197:
880:
412:
368:
4342:
4031:
4000:(4). Department of Psychological Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine, New Zealand.: 415–24.
3730:
Amanda Reilly "The Right to Work and Rights at Work" in Margaret Bedggood and Kris Gledhill (eds)
2818:
1490:. This legislation was the first aspect of the New Zealand constitution to specially refer to the
5364:
5002:
4853:
4480:
3940:
2195:
2021:
1759:
1712:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1553:
1519:
746:
660:
427:
194:
3840:
Claudia Geiringer and Matthew Palmer, "Human Rights and Social Policy in New Zealand" (2007) 30
2874:
Peter Spiller Butterworths New Zealand Dictionary (7th ed, LexisNexis, Wellington, 2011) at 272.
2766:
Peter Spiller Butterworths New Zealand Dictionary (7th ed, LexisNexis, Wellington, 2011) at 113.
17:
3853:
3326:"Education (Breakfast and Lunch Programmes in Schools) Amendment Bill – New Zealand Parliament"
1308:
is the main international treaty which lays out the right to a fair trial. Article 14(1) says:
5184:
4865:
4009:
3228:
2331:
1906:
1704:
1201:
1085:
637:
417:
156:
42:
3777:
Māmari Stephens, "The Right to Social Security" in Margaret Bedggood and Kris Gledhill (eds)
3764:
Māmari Stephens, "The Right to Social Security" in Margaret Bedggood and Kris Gledhill (eds)
2552:
2542:
The New Zealand Bill of Rights Act: a commentary (LexisNexis NZ Ltd, Wellington, 2005) at 305
1798:), because it had adverse effects on the living standards of existing state housing tenants.
1196:
is also recognised as an important democratic principle. New Zealand is ranked eighth on the
5291:
4990:
4697:
4485:
4457:
4094:
4001:
3815:
Māmari Stephens "The Right to Social Security" in Margaret Bedggood and Kris Gledhill (eds)
3802:
Māmari Stephens "The Right to Social Security" in Margaret Bedggood and Kris Gledhill (eds)
3460:
Human Rights Commission 'Monitoring Human Rights in the Canterbury Earthquake Recovery' 2013
3399:
Human Rights Commission 'Monitoring Human Rights in the Canterbury Earthquake Recovery' 2013
2283:
2126:
1815:
1773:
1160:
1113:
760:. In addition, New Zealand has also ratified numerous international treaties as part of the
355:
4373:
3718:
1220:
and evidence in civil and criminal proceedings so as to protect the right to a fair trial.
5271:
5216:
3947:
3904:
3282:
3104:
2787:
2037:
1829:
1609:
1178:
5221:
2479:"Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities – New Zealand Ministry of Justice"
2000:
769:
742:
730:
1955:
Benefits to those in need such as the elderly, solo parents, the ill and the unemployed,
1655:
ESCR are not specifically protected by New Zealand's human rights focused statutes, the
1167:. Complaints about racial disharmony often concern statements made publicly about Māori-
5211:
3276:
NZ Child & Youth Epidemiology Service 'Child Poverty Monitor 2014 Technical Report'
1669:
Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
953:
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
864:
761:
722:
486:
208:
3181:
Paul Hunt "Reclaiming Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1993) 1 Waikato L Rev 141.
2865:
Found through the use of it in legislation, such as the Supreme Court Act 2003, s3(2).
1719:
currently provides meals for 15,065 children per week. A Bill was introduced into the
5604:
3545:
3227:
Peter Hosking "Freedom from Poverty: The Right to an Adequate Standard of Living" in
1974:
Concluding observations of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 2012
1698:
1515:
3550:
Health Cheque: The Truth We Should All Know about New Zealand's Public Health System
1409:
The suppression of the identities of any witnesses, victims, and connected persons.
4692:
4677:
4657:
4590:
4585:
3307:
2945:
2539:
1234:
857:
854:
4724:
3978:
2045:
1168:
1961:
Financial assistance that provides a 'safety net', such as the Emergency Benefit.
1638:
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
1128:
There are limitations on this right, as with all other rights contained in BORA.
5044:
4416:
4348:
NZ Human Rights Commission: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
4324:
2565:
R v Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex parte Simms 2 AC 115 at p125
1762:
considerations regarding rights to and ownership of water, and access to water.
1751:
1290:
1263:
1155:
1149:
1103:
1093:
section 14 of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 (BORA) which states that:
807:
788:
79:
3854:
United Nations Human Rights 'Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights'
3573:
Sylvia Bell "The Right to Health" in Margaret Bedggood and Kris Gledhill (eds)
3519:
Sylvia Bell "The Right to Health" in Margaret Bedggood and Kris Gledhill (eds)
3493:
Sylvia Bell "The Right to Health" in Margaret Bedggood and Kris Gledhill (eds)
4712:
4005:
2005:
1482:
Political and democratic rights are purported to be upheld by the 'unwritten'
1250:
1089:
97:
4374:
Human Rights Commission 'New Zealand Consensus of Women's Participation 2012'
4288:
Such as India, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Turkey.
3817:
Law into Action: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Aotearoa New Zealand
3804:
Law into Action: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Aotearoa New Zealand
3779:
Law into Action: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Aotearoa New Zealand
3766:
Law into Action: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Aotearoa New Zealand
3732:
Law into Action: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Aotearoa New Zealand
3719:
Human Rights Commission 'New Zealand Consensus of Women's Participation 2012'
3575:
Law into Action: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Aotearoa New Zealand
3521:
Law into Action: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Aotearoa New Zealand
3508:
Law into Action: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Aotearoa New Zealand
3495:
Law into Action: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Aotearoa New Zealand
3412:
Law into Action: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Aotearoa New Zealand
3340:
Law into Action: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Aotearoa New Zealand
3246:
Law into Action: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Aotearoa New Zealand
3233:
Law into Action: Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Aotearoa New Zealand
1136:
Under article 19(3) ICCPR, freedom of expression can be limited in order to:
4269:"Constitutional issues & human rights – New Zealand Ministry of Justice"
4251:"Constitutional issues & human rights – New Zealand Ministry of Justice"
3506:
Sylvia Bell "The Right Health" in Margaret Bedggood and Kris Gledhill (eds)
3259:"Poverty – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization"
3135:"Constitutional issues & human rights – New Zealand Ministry of Justice"
3093:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3026:"Human Rights Commission of New Zealand 'Human Rights in New Zealand today'"
1217:
65:
5375:
4013:
1642:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
1558:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
927:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
4707:
4652:
3898:
Maori Health Web Page: Socioeconomic Determinants of Health – Deprivation
3098:
Elections New Zealand website 'Civil and political rights in New Zealand'
2041:
1446:
These two rights are always conflicting, due to the nature of the media.
1004:
803:
1323:
In regards to the right to a fair trial, article 10 of the UDHR states:
4702:
4662:
4385:
2017:
1716:
749:; however, women were not eligible to stand for parliament until 1919.
3923:. Department of Corrections. September 2007. p. 4. Archived from
4298:
2081:
that the bill could lead to the possibility for prolonged detention.
1786:, the applicant challenged the increase in rent to market levels for
1143:
protect national security, public order, or public health and morals.
784:
713:. Specifically, the two main laws which protect human rights are the
4213:
An example of the court using this section is R v Rangi 1 NZLR 385.
1552:
The ICCPR also contains statements on all peoples having a right to
1270:, which allows a handful of English Statutes to be legally binding.
721:. In addition, New Zealand has also ratified numerous international
3626:
Statistics New Zealand 'Participation in early childhood education'
1379:
The court must be satisfied that it is necessary for a fair trial.
901:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
2731:
Television New Zealand Ltd v Solicitor-General 1 NZLR 1 (CA) at 3
2004:
926:
831:
798:
3869:
Human Rights Commission 'New Zealand's International Obligations'
3677:
International Labour Organization 'Ratifications for New Zealand'
4299:"The Constitution Conversation – He kaupapa nui te kaupapa ture"
3641:
Statistics New Zealand '18-year-olds with higher qualifications'
3020:
3018:
3016:
3014:
2453:"New Zealand drops Human Rights Council bid, steps aside for US"
1877:
The number of Māori and Pasifika students leaving school with a
871:
In May 2009, for the first time New Zealand prepared a national
811:
5379:
4389:
4116:
1486:. One of the many sources that make up the constitution is the
2583:
Moonen v Film and Literature Board of Review 2 NZLR 9 para 15
1634:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
966:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
4055:
Linguistic Human Rights: Overcoming Linguistic Discrimination
3918:"Over-representation of Maori in the criminal justice system"
3665:
Ministry of Education 'State of Education in New Zealand 2008
2781:
ICJ’s Trial Observation Manual of Criminal Proceedings (2009)
1582:
Political and democratic rights are also protected under the
4343:
Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights: New Zealand
3532:
New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990, sections 10, 11 and 19.
1494:(ICCPR) with the rights contained within. Together with the
3790:
3177:
3175:
2496:
2494:
2492:
3829:
Child Poverty Action Group Incorporated v Attorney-General
3653:
Human Rights Commission 'Human Rights in New Zealand 2010'
3587:
Human Rights Commission 'Human Rights in New Zealand 2010'
3214:
3212:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2262:
1806:
stated in Christchurch, due to the loss of housing in the
2376:
2374:
709:
are addressed in the various documents which make up the
2990:
Solicitor-General v Wellington Newspaper Ltd 1 NZLR 45.
4353:
Human Rights Commission: The New Zealand Bill of Rights
3202:
See for example the New Zealand High Court decision of
1842:
A publicly funded health system exists in New Zealand.
1175:
Blasphemous libel was previously a crime in New Zealand
775:
In May 2009, for the first time New Zealand prepared a
3881:
3879:
3877:
2649:
Moonen v Film and Literature Board of Review 2 NZLR 9
1562:
Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
4380:
Human Rights Commission 'Human Rights and Water' 2012
4368:
Concluding observations of the CESCR New Zealand 2012
4053:
Skutnabb-Kangas, T; Phillipson, R; Rannut, M (1995).
3489:
3487:
3387:
Human Rights Commission 'Human Rights and Water' 2012
2382:"NZs National Universal Periodic Review (UPR) Report"
1650:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
1316:
New Zealand has also made a commitment to uphold the
979:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
3552:(Public Interest Publishing, Auckland, 2009) at 144.
2295:
2293:
1492:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
1306:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
1050:
inconsistent with the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act
914:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
5515:
5492:
5411:
5257:
5089:
4967:
4909:
4764:
4737:
4643:
4536:
4523:
4424:
3768:(Thomson Reuters, Wellington, 2011) 127 at 130–134.
3248:(Thomson Reuters, Wellington, 2011) 112 at 115–116.
3116:
3114:
3112:
3129:
3127:
849:In 2009 New Zealand was seeking a position on the
2353:"Change in the 20th century – Maori and the vote"
1982:Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
1300:International covenants recognised by New Zealand
1140:respect the rights and reputations of others; and
756:Human rights in New Zealand are addressed in the
4030:. Ministry of Social Development. Archived from
3636:
3634:
3368:
3366:
3819:(Thomson Reuters, Wellington, 2011) 127 at 135.
3806:(Thomson Reuters, Wellington, 2011) 127 at 134.
3781:(Thomson Reuters, Wellington, 2011) 127 at 140.
3414:(Thomson Reuters, Wellington, 2011) 112 at 119.
3342:(Thomson Reuters, Wellington, 2011) 112 at 125.
3235:(Thomson Reuters, Wellington, 2011) 112 at 113.
2972:New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990, section 5.
2527:New Zealand's human rights performance slipping
2060:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
1804:Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
4325:Amnesty International Report 2009: New Zealand
3864:
3862:
2981:Solicitor-General v Avon Ltd 1 NZLR 225, 230.
2883:BNZ v Savril Contractors Ltd 2 NZLR 475 (CA).
725:treaties. The 2009 Human Rights Report by the
5391:
4401:
4320:Freedom in the World 2006 Report: New Zealand
3734:(Thomson Reuters, Wellington, 2011) 71 at 83.
3577:(Thomson Reuters, Wellington, 2011) 90 at 96.
3523:(Thomson Reuters, Wellington, 2011) 90 at 95.
3510:(Thomson Reuters, Wellington, 2011) 90 at 94.
3497:(Thomson Reuters, Wellington, 2011) 90 at 94.
2968:
2966:
2727:
2725:
2412:"NZ makes clear stand for human rights at UN"
2243:. The Human Rights Commission. Archived from
2078:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
1968:Child Poverty Action Group v Attorney-General
1778:Discrimination in housing is contrary to the
1632:On 28 December 1978 New Zealand ratified the
1420:The suppression of evidence and submissions.
1398:The suppression of the defendant's identity.
687:
8:
3755:Employment Relations Act 2000, section 69ZD.
3374:"Moves to reassure public over water rights"
2657:
2655:
2010:New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy
1949:New Zealand's Ministry of Social Development
1715:provided 27,879 families with food parcels.
1011:, various legislative documents such as the
2594:"NZ Human Rights – Human Rights Commission"
2515:NZ slipping in human rights issues – report
2216:Human rights of older people in New Zealand
1675:The right to an adequate standard of living
1027:have been implemented to cover such areas.
5398:
5384:
5376:
5095:
4973:
4770:
4533:
4529:
4430:
4408:
4394:
4386:
4095:"Human rights in New Zealand: Report 2009"
3474:"Housing supply and special housing areas"
1336:It is thought that New Zealand passed the
1048:reported by the Attorney General as being
997:The legal system takes the framework of a
694:
680:
28:
2414:. Human Rights Commission. Archived from
2384:. Human Rights Commission. Archived from
2330:. Commonwealth Secretariat. p. 192.
1595:Framework for political rights protection
3967:. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 106–109.
2622:Tipping J in Hosking v Runting 1 NZLR 1
2221:Structural discrimination in New Zealand
1570:Mixed member proportional representation
1358:
1063:Fault Lines: Human rights in New Zealand
885:
3360:Local Government Act 2002, section 136.
3351:Local Government Act 2002, section 130.
2719:TVNZ Ltd v Attorney-General 2 NZLR 641
2326:Byrnes, A; Connors, JF; Bik, L (1997).
2232:
2162:
1683:Right to an adequate standard of living
327:Political funding and election expenses
53:
31:
4358:New Zealand Bill of Rights Legislation
4057:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 209–213.
3008:Solicitor-General v TVNZ 1 NZLR (CA).
2435:
2433:
2405:
2403:
2133:
2076:New Zealand is a party to the 1951 UN
1181:but has since been repealed under the
1031:simply ignore them if it chooses. The
764:. The 2009 Human Rights Report by the
2742:"The media and freedom of expression"
2104:Limits on human rights in New Zealand
2091:Human Rights Commission (New Zealand)
2052:females (a difference of 7.9 years).
1909:. New Zealand has ratified 60 of the
1646:Convention on the Rights of the Child
1541:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1318:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
940:Convention on the Rights of the Child
478:Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade
7:
2775:Seen through the large focus in the
2134:New Zealand's unwritten constitution
1628:Economic, social and cultural rights
1620:Economic, social and cultural rights
1376:Court ordering further particulars.
4117:"About the Human Rights Commission"
3744:Ministry for Women 'Gender pay gap'
2355:. NZ History online. Archived from
2351:Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
2026:New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990
1911:International Labour Organization's
1780:New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990
1657:New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990
1488:New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990
1441:Right to a fair trial and the media
1332:New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990
1273:The important clause is Clause 39:
1061:used to. A study released in 2015,
1021:New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990
877:United Nations Human Rights Council
851:United Nations Human Rights Council
781:United Nations Human Rights Council
719:New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990
4139:"Human Rights in New Zealand 2010"
4070:"NZ does U-turn on rights charter"
3981:– Models And Forecasts 1996 – 2011
3688:Human Rights Act 1993, section 21.
3616:Education Act 1989, section 20(1).
2841:"Fair Trial from a UK perspective"
2799:Imperial Laws Application Act 1988
2529:, New Zealand Herald, 2 April 2015
2303:. Elections.org.nz. Archived from
2072:Refugee migration into New Zealand
1268:Imperial Laws Application Act 1988
1017:Imperial Laws Application Act 1988
777:national Universal Periodic Review
532:New Zealand and the United Nations
25:
2517:, Radio New Zealand, 2 April 2015
2440:UN Treaty Collection: New Zealand
2206:Transgender rights in New Zealand
1879:National Qualifications Framework
1874:Level 2 qualification or higher.
1837:Accident Compensation Corporation
1539:universality of rights under the
1496:New Zealand Human Rights Act 1993
766:United States Department of State
727:United States Department of State
715:New Zealand Human Rights Act 1993
4332:Human Rights in New Zealand 2010
3562:Shortland v Northland Health Ltd
2811:"Treasures in full: Magna Carta"
2640:Police v Geiringer 1 NZBORR 331
2502:Human Rights in New Zealand 2010
1849:Shortland v Northland Health Ltd
654:
620:History of voting in New Zealand
615:Political history of New Zealand
41:
18:Indigenous rights in New Zealand
4338:NZ Action Plan for Human Rights
4330:Human Rights Commission report
3965:People-centred Health Promotion
2109:New Zealand Bill of Rights 1990
1088:is not explicitly protected by
5424:Federated States of Micronesia
3963:Raeburn, J; Rootman I (1998).
3791:Ministry of Social Development
3607:Education Act 1989, section 8.
3598:Education Act 1989, section 3.
2211:Intersex rights in New Zealand
1387:The power to clear the court.
1:
3698:Ministry of Health v Atkinson
2689:"Human Rights in New Zealand"
1922:Ministry of Health v Atkinson
1903:Employment Relations Act 2000
1152:and the right to reputation.
1118:Official Information Act 1982
1080:New Zealand Free Speech Union
3436:Lawson v Housing New Zealand
3424:Lawson v Housing New Zealand
3204:Lawson v Housing New Zealand
2146:on New Zealand, through the
2044:per head of population than
1937:The right to social security
1897:Labour rights in New Zealand
1784:Lawson v Housing New Zealand
5611:Human rights in New Zealand
3952:Māori Labour Market Outlook
2777:Criminal Procedure Act 2011
2191:Constitution of New Zealand
1812:2011 Canterbury earthquakes
1484:Constitution of New Zealand
1349:Criminal Procedure Act 2011
1206:qualified form of privilege
711:constitution of the country
707:Human rights in New Zealand
188:54th New Zealand Parliament
5632:
4496:New Zealand and Antarctica
4363:Other Fair Trial Authority
4303:www.ourconstitution.org.nz
2455:. Top News. Archived from
2201:LGBT rights in New Zealand
2088:
2069:
1998:
1940:
1894:
1858:
1731:
1077:
169:State services departments
5344:
5244:Structural discrimination
5195:New Zealand Sign Language
5098:
4976:
4773:
4532:
4476:
4433:
4141:. Human Rights Commission
4119:. Human Rights Commission
4006:10.3109/10826089709039362
3907:. Retrieved 12 June 2007.
3308:"Food for Kids – KidsCan"
2504:, Human Rights Commission
2144:Universal Periodic Review
1748:New Zealand Māori Council
1533:Parliamentary Sovereignty
1183:Crimes Amendment Act 2019
1002:representative democratic
873:Universal Periodic Review
5575:Northern Mariana Islands
4890:House of Representatives
3941:Department of Labour, NZ
3231:and Kris Gledhill (eds)
3153:"Treaty bodies Treaties"
2241:"What are human rights?"
1861:Education in New Zealand
200:House of Representatives
5616:Human rights by country
5540:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
5406:Human rights in Oceania
4752:Territorial authorities
4228:www.legislation.govt.nz
4201:www.legislation.govt.nz
4183:www.legislation.govt.nz
4165:www.legislation.govt.nz
4097:. Amnesty International
3979:Diabetes in New Zealand
3074:www.legislation.govt.nz
3056:www.legislation.govt.nz
2925:www.legislation.govt.nz
2786:4 November 2019 at the
2085:Human Rights Commission
1756:Human Rights Commission
1614:Office of the Ombudsman
1606:Human Rights Commission
1472:parliamentary democracy
1368:The link to Fair Trial
1165:Race Relations Act 1971
1033:Human Rights Commission
1007:. In the absence of a
741:Universal suffrage for
453:Territorial authorities
34:Politics of New Zealand
5013:Information technology
3946:11 August 2010 at the
3438:2 NZLR 474 at 498–499.
2013:
1943:Welfare in New Zealand
1855:The right to education
1844:District Health Boards
1796:state-owned enterprise
1721:New Zealand Parliament
1612:and complaints to the
1524:Freedom of association
1504:entrenched legislation
1346:
1329:
1314:
1279:
1226:
1134:
1099:
1056:Different perspectives
815:
795:International treaties
661:New Zealand portal
497:Diplomatic missions of
5518:and other territories
4028:"Social Report: 2010"
3103:5 August 2011 at the
2008:
1895:Further information:
1884:Ministry of Education
1870:the equivalent of an
1859:Further information:
1732:Further information:
1661:Human Rights Act 1993
1342:
1325:
1310:
1275:
1245:Right to a fair trial
1230:Broadcasting Act 1989
1222:
1214:right to a fair trial
1130:
1095:
1025:Human Rights Act 1993
1013:Constitution Act 1986
802:
770:indigenous population
731:indigenous population
405:Courts Martial Appeal
4034:on 29 September 2011
3930:on 15 December 2010.
3903:8 March 2012 at the
3157:tbinternet.ohchr.org
2898:www.nzhistory.net.nz
2821:on 22 September 2014
2301:"Māori and the Vote"
2148:Human Rights Council
1930:Ministry of Health's
1746:In January 2015 the
1734:Water in New Zealand
1194:Freedom of the media
1189:Freedom of the media
258:Electoral Commission
118:Executive government
105:Realm of New Zealand
5190:New Zealand English
4881:Official Opposition
4276:www.justice.govt.nz
4255:www.justice.govt.nz
3548:and John McCrystal
3472:Council, Auckland.
3281:3 June 2015 at the
3139:www.justice.govt.nz
2483:www.justice.govt.nz
2451:Sahil Nagpal, DPA.
2418:on 24 November 2010
1822:The right to health
1792:Housing New Zealand
1548:New Zealand context
1458:Freedom of religion
1198:Press Freedom Index
1009:single constitution
881:Geneva, Switzerland
216:Official Opposition
125:List of governments
5060:Telecommunications
4481:Treaty of Waitangi
3376:. 20 January 2015.
3312:www.kidscan.org.nz
2538:Andrew Butler and
2307:on 8 February 2013
2196:Law of New Zealand
2022:Treaty of Waitangi
2014:
1995:Indigenous peoples
1760:Treaty of Waitangi
1713:The Salvation Army
1588:Westminster system
1584:Treaty of Waitangi
1577:citizen initiative
1572:electoral system.
1560:) (CEDAW) and the
1554:self-determination
1520:universal suffrage
1338:Bill of Rights Act
1045:Bill of Rights Act
986:25 September 2008
816:
747:universal suffrage
428:Law of New Zealand
262:Recent elections:
195:King-in-Parliament
5598:
5597:
5590:Wallis and Futuna
5535:Clipperton Island
5493:Associated states
5373:
5372:
5340:
5339:
5128:Gender inequality
5085:
5084:
4963:
4962:
4896:Political funding
4805:Foreign relations
4793:Political parties
4760:
4759:
4733:
4732:
4519:
4518:
4468:Political history
3229:Margaret Bedggood
3032:on 8 January 2012
2663:"Hate expression"
2459:on 24 August 2018
2286:on 24 March 2010.
1907:Holidays Act 2003
1891:The right to work
1470:New Zealand is a
1438:
1437:
1202:Evidence Act 2006
1086:freedom of speech
1074:Freedom of speech
1043:Section 7 of the
1039:Section 7 reports
990:
989:
973:28 December 1978
970:12 November 1968
960:10 December 1989
921:28 December 1978
918:12 November 1968
908:22 November 1972
704:
703:
643:Nuclear-free zone
519:Visa requirements
471:Foreign relations
418:Waitangi Tribunal
236:Political parties
164:Executive Council
157:Christopher Luxon
16:(Redirected from
5623:
5580:Pitcairn Islands
5550:French Polynesia
5530:Christmas Island
5459:Papua New Guinea
5439:Marshall Islands
5412:Sovereign states
5400:
5393:
5386:
5377:
5353:
5096:
4974:
4931:Governor-General
4788:Electoral system
4771:
4698:Palmerston North
4534:
4530:
4491:Women's suffrage
4486:New Zealand Wars
4453:Military history
4448:Economic history
4431:
4410:
4403:
4396:
4387:
4307:
4306:
4295:
4289:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4273:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4247:
4241:
4238:
4232:
4231:
4220:
4214:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4193:
4187:
4186:
4175:
4169:
4168:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4113:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4065:
4059:
4058:
4050:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4024:
4018:
4017:
3994:Subst Use Misuse
3989:
3983:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3960:
3954:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3922:
3914:
3908:
3895:
3889:
3883:
3872:
3866:
3857:
3851:
3845:
3838:
3832:
3826:
3820:
3813:
3807:
3800:
3794:
3788:
3782:
3775:
3769:
3762:
3756:
3753:
3747:
3741:
3735:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3710:
3707:
3701:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3680:
3674:
3668:
3662:
3656:
3650:
3644:
3638:
3629:
3623:
3617:
3614:
3608:
3605:
3599:
3596:
3590:
3584:
3578:
3571:
3565:
3559:
3553:
3539:
3533:
3530:
3524:
3517:
3511:
3504:
3498:
3491:
3482:
3481:
3478:Auckland Council
3469:
3463:
3457:
3451:
3445:
3439:
3433:
3427:
3421:
3415:
3408:
3402:
3396:
3390:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3370:
3361:
3358:
3352:
3349:
3343:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3304:
3298:
3292:
3286:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3255:
3249:
3242:
3236:
3225:
3219:
3216:
3207:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3179:
3170:
3167:
3161:
3160:
3149:
3143:
3142:
3131:
3122:
3118:
3107:
3095:
3078:
3077:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3028:. Archived from
3022:
3009:
3006:
3000:
2997:
2991:
2988:
2982:
2979:
2973:
2970:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2951:on 2 August 2014
2950:
2944:. Archived from
2943:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2917:
2911:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2890:
2884:
2881:
2875:
2872:
2866:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2852:
2843:. Archived from
2837:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2817:. Archived from
2807:
2801:
2796:
2790:
2773:
2767:
2764:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2744:. Archived from
2738:
2732:
2729:
2720:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2700:
2694:. Archived from
2693:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2665:. Archived from
2659:
2650:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2632:
2629:
2623:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2604:on 29 March 2012
2600:. Archived from
2590:
2584:
2581:
2575:
2572:
2566:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2549:
2543:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2498:
2487:
2486:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2448:
2442:
2437:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2407:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2378:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2359:on 22 April 2008
2348:
2342:
2341:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2297:
2288:
2287:
2282:. Archived from
2276:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2237:
2179:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2127:Attorney-General
1816:Auckland Council
1774:Right to housing
1740:Local government
1705:relative poverty
1510:Electoral rights
1466:Political rights
1359:
1161:Attorney-General
1150:right to privacy
1114:right to silence
957:14 January 1986
934:10 January 1985
905:25 October 1966
886:
862:Foreign Minister
696:
689:
682:
659:
658:
657:
566:Environmentalism
458:Community boards
441:Local government
356:Helen Winkelmann
251:Electoral reform
246:Electoral system
88:Governor-General
82:
45:
29:
21:
5631:
5630:
5626:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5620:
5601:
5600:
5599:
5594:
5517:
5511:
5494:
5488:
5469:Solomon Islands
5407:
5404:
5374:
5369:
5356:
5349:
5336:
5312:Public holidays
5307:Performing arts
5253:
5145:Gender equality
5081:
4959:
4905:
4756:
4729:
4639:
4613:Marine reserves
4608:Protected areas
4515:
4472:
4463:Natural history
4420:
4414:
4316:
4311:
4310:
4297:
4296:
4292:
4287:
4283:
4271:
4267:
4266:
4262:
4249:
4248:
4244:
4239:
4235:
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4221:
4217:
4212:
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4190:
4177:
4176:
4172:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4144:
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4137:
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4132:
4122:
4120:
4115:
4114:
4110:
4100:
4098:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4078:
4076:
4068:Tracy Watkins.
4067:
4066:
4062:
4052:
4051:
4047:
4037:
4035:
4026:
4025:
4021:
3991:
3990:
3986:
3976:
3972:
3962:
3961:
3957:
3948:Wayback Machine
3939:
3935:
3927:
3920:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3905:Wayback Machine
3896:
3892:
3884:
3875:
3867:
3860:
3852:
3848:
3842:Soc Pol J of NZ
3839:
3835:
3827:
3823:
3814:
3810:
3801:
3797:
3789:
3785:
3776:
3772:
3763:
3759:
3754:
3750:
3742:
3738:
3729:
3725:
3717:
3713:
3708:
3704:
3696:
3692:
3687:
3683:
3675:
3671:
3663:
3659:
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3647:
3639:
3632:
3624:
3620:
3615:
3611:
3606:
3602:
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3593:
3585:
3581:
3572:
3568:
3560:
3556:
3540:
3536:
3531:
3527:
3518:
3514:
3505:
3501:
3492:
3485:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3458:
3454:
3446:
3442:
3434:
3430:
3422:
3418:
3409:
3405:
3397:
3393:
3385:
3381:
3372:
3371:
3364:
3359:
3355:
3350:
3346:
3337:
3333:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3293:
3289:
3283:Wayback Machine
3274:
3270:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3243:
3239:
3226:
3222:
3217:
3210:
3201:
3197:
3193:(1988) 1.8C, 3.
3189:
3185:
3180:
3173:
3168:
3164:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3133:
3132:
3125:
3119:
3110:
3105:Wayback Machine
3096:
3081:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3035:
3033:
3024:
3023:
3012:
3007:
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2985:
2980:
2976:
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2964:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2941:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2919:
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2909:
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2892:
2891:
2887:
2882:
2878:
2873:
2869:
2864:
2860:
2850:
2848:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2824:
2822:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2793:
2788:Wayback Machine
2774:
2770:
2765:
2761:
2751:
2749:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2723:
2718:
2714:
2704:
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2691:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2672:
2670:
2661:
2660:
2653:
2648:
2644:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2626:
2621:
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2607:
2605:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2560:
2551:
2550:
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2537:
2533:
2525:
2521:
2513:
2509:
2500:
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2490:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2462:
2460:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2410:Wong, Gilbert.
2409:
2408:
2401:
2391:
2389:
2388:on 3 April 2015
2380:
2379:
2372:
2362:
2360:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2338:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2310:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2291:
2278:
2277:
2260:
2250:
2248:
2247:on 2 April 2015
2239:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2136:
2111:
2106:
2093:
2087:
2074:
2068:
2038:cervical cancer
2012:over land title
2003:
1997:
1976:
1945:
1939:
1926:Court of Appeal
1899:
1893:
1863:
1857:
1830:Right to health
1824:
1768:
1736:
1730:
1693:
1677:
1622:
1610:judicial review
1597:
1550:
1518:, and there is
1512:
1480:
1468:
1460:
1443:
1351:
1334:
1302:
1287:
1260:
1247:
1191:
1179:Crimes Act 1961
1126:
1109:Court of Appeal
1082:
1076:
1071:
1069:Civil liberties
1058:
1041:
995:
944:1 October 1990
797:
739:
700:
671:
667:Other countries
655:
653:
648:
647:
633:
625:
624:
610:
602:
601:
600:
545:
537:
536:
528:
509:Nationality law
505:
493:
473:
463:
462:
443:
433:
432:
422:
408:
401:
363:Court of Appeal
342:
332:
331:
316:
289:
231:
221:
220:
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184:
174:
173:
120:
110:
109:
78:
68:
58:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5629:
5627:
5619:
5618:
5613:
5603:
5602:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5570:Norfolk Island
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5525:American Samoa
5521:
5519:
5513:
5512:
5510:
5509:
5504:
5498:
5496:
5495:of New Zealand
5490:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5481:
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5466:
5461:
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5172:
5167:
5162:
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5137:
5132:
5131:
5130:
5125:
5123:Ethnic origins
5115:
5110:
5105:
5099:
5093:
5087:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5079:
5078:
5077:
5075:Rail transport
5070:Transportation
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5050:Social welfare
5047:
5042:
5037:
5036:
5035:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4994:
4993:
4988:
4977:
4971:
4965:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4957:
4956:
4955:
4948:Prime Minister
4945:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4928:
4927:
4926:
4915:
4913:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4866:Māori politics
4863:
4862:
4861:
4851:
4850:
4849:
4844:
4834:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4812:
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4774:
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4755:
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4695:
4690:
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4660:
4655:
4649:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4618:National parks
4615:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4561:Climate change
4558:
4553:
4548:
4542:
4540:
4527:
4521:
4520:
4517:
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4513:
4508:
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4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4434:
4428:
4422:
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4419: articles
4415:
4413:
4412:
4405:
4398:
4390:
4384:
4383:
4377:
4371:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4327:
4322:
4315:
4314:External links
4312:
4309:
4308:
4290:
4281:
4260:
4242:
4233:
4215:
4206:
4188:
4170:
4152:
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3299:
3287:
3268:
3263:www.unesco.org
3250:
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2930:
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2802:
2791:
2768:
2759:
2748:on 16 May 2012
2733:
2721:
2712:
2701:on 7 July 2011
2680:
2669:on 16 May 2012
2651:
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2110:
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2105:
2102:
2089:Main article:
2086:
2083:
2070:Main article:
2067:
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1999:Main article:
1996:
1993:
1979:See generally:
1975:
1972:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1938:
1935:
1892:
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1856:
1853:
1827:See generally:
1823:
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1771:See generally:
1767:
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1729:
1726:
1696:See generally:
1692:
1689:
1680:See generally:
1676:
1673:
1648:(CRC) and the
1625:See generally:
1621:
1618:
1596:
1593:
1591:by Article 3.
1549:
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1511:
1508:
1479:
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1218:suppress names
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1075:
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984:
983:30 March 2007
981:
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923:
922:
919:
916:
910:
909:
906:
903:
897:
896:
893:
890:
865:Murray McCully
796:
793:
762:United Nations
738:
735:
723:United Nations
702:
701:
699:
698:
691:
684:
676:
673:
672:
670:
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663:
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649:
646:
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638:Māori politics
634:
632:Related topics
631:
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626:
623:
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611:
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603:
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547:
546:
543:
542:
539:
538:
535:
534:
527:
526:
521:
516:
511:
504:
503:
501:in New Zealand
492:
491:
490:
489:
487:Winston Peters
474:
469:
468:
465:
464:
461:
460:
455:
450:
444:
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438:
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431:
430:
425:
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409:
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406:
402:
400:
399:
394:
388:
385:Other Courts:
383:
381:District Court
378:
373:
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371:
360:
359:
358:
343:
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337:
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265:
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255:
254:
253:
243:
238:
232:
227:
226:
223:
222:
219:
218:
213:
212:
211:
209:Gerry Brownlee
197:
186:
185:
180:
179:
176:
175:
172:
171:
166:
161:
160:
159:
147:Prime Minister
144:
143:
142:
137:
121:
116:
115:
112:
111:
108:
107:
102:
101:
100:
85:
84:
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69:
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54:
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50:
47:
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38:
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32:
24:
14:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
5628:
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5609:
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5591:
5588:
5586:
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5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5565:New Caledonia
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5545:Easter Island
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5522:
5520:
5514:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5499:
5497:
5491:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
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5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5292:Māori culture
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5256:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5228:
5225:
5223:
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5208:
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5129:
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5120:
5119:
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5111:
5109:
5106:
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5101:
5100:
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5094:
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5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5034:
5033:Child poverty
5031:
5030:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5018:Manufacturing
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4992:
4991:Wine industry
4989:
4987:
4986:Dairy farming
4984:
4983:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4975:
4972:
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4966:
4954:
4951:
4950:
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4937:
4934:
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4932:
4929:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4912:
4908:
4902:
4901:Public sector
4899:
4897:
4894:
4891:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4860:
4857:
4856:
4855:
4852:
4848:
4847:Chief Justice
4845:
4843:
4842:Supreme Court
4840:
4839:
4838:
4835:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
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4799:
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4779:
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4709:
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4610:
4609:
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4604:
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4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4475:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4458:Māori history
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4435:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4423:
4418:
4411:
4406:
4404:
4399:
4397:
4392:
4391:
4388:
4381:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4364:
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4359:
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4349:
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4339:
4336:
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4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
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4313:
4304:
4300:
4294:
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4285:
4282:
4277:
4270:
4264:
4261:
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4246:
4243:
4237:
4234:
4229:
4225:
4219:
4216:
4210:
4207:
4202:
4198:
4192:
4189:
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4180:
4174:
4171:
4166:
4162:
4156:
4153:
4140:
4134:
4131:
4118:
4112:
4109:
4096:
4090:
4087:
4075:
4071:
4064:
4061:
4056:
4049:
4046:
4033:
4029:
4023:
4020:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3974:
3971:
3966:
3959:
3956:
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3949:
3945:
3942:
3937:
3934:
3926:
3919:
3913:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3894:
3891:
3887:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3850:
3847:
3843:
3837:
3834:
3830:
3825:
3822:
3818:
3812:
3809:
3805:
3799:
3796:
3792:
3787:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3771:
3767:
3761:
3758:
3752:
3749:
3745:
3740:
3737:
3733:
3727:
3724:
3720:
3715:
3712:
3706:
3703:
3699:
3694:
3691:
3685:
3682:
3678:
3673:
3670:
3666:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3622:
3619:
3613:
3610:
3604:
3601:
3595:
3592:
3589:, at 171–172.
3588:
3583:
3580:
3576:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3558:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3546:Geoff Simmons
3543:
3542:Gareth Morgan
3538:
3535:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3509:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3479:
3475:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3456:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3441:
3437:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3395:
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3388:
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3380:
3375:
3369:
3367:
3363:
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3348:
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3341:
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3327:
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3309:
3303:
3300:
3296:
3291:
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3277:
3272:
3269:
3264:
3260:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3187:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3172:
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3140:
3136:
3130:
3128:
3124:
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3115:
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3109:
3106:
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3099:
3094:
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3090:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3075:
3071:
3065:
3062:
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3053:
3047:
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3031:
3027:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3005:
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4778:Constitution
4739:Subdivisions
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1989:
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1967:
1964:
1946:
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1500:
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1478:Constitution
1469:
1461:
1452:
1448:
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1355:
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993:Legal system
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858:Barack Obama
855:US President
848:
817:
774:
758:constitution
755:
751:
740:
706:
705:
561:Conservatism
56:Constitution
26:
5449:New Zealand
5202:LGBT issues
5170:Immigration
5108:Citizenship
5045:Rogernomics
4981:Agriculture
4859:enforcement
4571:Environment
4566:Earthquakes
4443:Archaeology
4417:New Zealand
4074:Stuff.co.nz
3700:3 NZLR 456.
3564:1 NZLR 433.
3462:, at 59–61.
3426:2 NZLR 474.
3206:2 NZLR 474.
1752:Eddie Durie
1291:rule of law
1285:Rule of law
1264:Magna Carta
1258:Magna Carta
1204:provides a
1156:Hate speech
1124:Limitations
1104:rule of law
808:Helen Clark
789:Switzerland
524:Visa policy
397:Environment
369:Mark Cooper
367:President:
322:Referendums
241:Electorates
182:Legislature
80:Charles III
5605:Categories
5332:Television
5287:Literature
5175:Irreligion
5155:Healthcare
5140:Euthanasia
4911:Government
4886:Parliament
4820:Disability
4713:Wellington
2779:, and the
2227:References
1941:See also:
1915:disability
1802:2013, the
1251:fair trial
1177:under the
1090:common law
1078:See also:
581:Liberalism
413:Māori Land
392:Employment
376:High Court
98:Cindy Kiro
77:King
5419:Australia
5180:Languages
5135:Education
4998:Companies
4943:Ministers
4837:Judiciary
4783:Elections
4725:Whangārei
4630:Volcanism
4603:Mountains
4525:Geography
4145:11 August
4123:11 August
4079:11 August
4038:12 August
3831:NZCA 402.
3655:, at 180.
2815:www.bl.uk
2463:25 August
2311:10 August
2251:11 August
1928:held the
1365:Contents
895:Ratified
596:Socialism
556:Christian
551:Anarchism
340:Judiciary
268:General:
229:Elections
140:Ministers
66:The Crown
5434:Kiribati
5360:Category
5239:Religion
5207:Naturism
5103:Abortion
5055:Taxation
4876:Monarchy
4871:Military
4825:Intersex
4766:Politics
4708:Tauranga
4673:Hastings
4668:Hamilton
4653:Auckland
4538:Physical
4506:Dominion
4438:Timeline
3944:Archived
3901:Archived
3450:, at 27.
3401:, at 58.
3389:, at 30.
3279:Archived
3101:Archived
2784:Archived
2363:14 April
2185:See also
2066:Refugees
2042:diabetes
2024:and the
1905:and the
1431:Appeals
1362:Section
1023:and the
1005:monarchy
892:Signed
804:John Key
717:and the
586:Populism
576:Feminism
544:Ideology
514:Passport
483:Minister
5585:Tokelau
5484:Vanuatu
5351:Outline
5327:Symbols
5282:Cuisine
5259:Culture
5165:Housing
5091:Society
5065:Tourism
5028:Poverty
4969:Economy
4919:Cabinet
4810:Gun law
4747:Regions
4718:capital
4703:Rotorua
4663:Dunedin
4581:Islands
4576:Geology
4556:Climate
4426:History
4014:9090803
3721:, at 2.
3667:, at 2.
2018:welfare
1766:Housing
1717:KidsCan
1659:or the
889:Treaty
810:at the
737:History
609:History
571:Fascism
448:Regions
295:Local:
205:Speaker
135:Cabinet
129:current
73:Monarch
5560:Hawaii
5479:Tuvalu
5365:Portal
5277:Cinema
5217:"Kiwi"
5212:People
5150:Health
5023:Mining
5008:Energy
5003:Dollar
4798:Voting
4688:Nelson
4683:Napier
4645:Cities
4625:Rivers
4501:Colony
4012:
3285:at 12.
3121:Rights
2422:11 May
2334:
2046:Pākehā
1924:, the
1169:Pākehā
1052:1990.
828:ICESCR
785:Geneva
5474:Tonga
5464:Samoa
5454:Palau
5444:Nauru
5322:Sport
5317:Radio
5302:Music
5297:Media
5249:Waste
5227:Women
5222:Māori
5185:Māori
5113:Crime
4635:Water
4598:Lakes
4551:Caves
4272:(PDF)
3928:(PDF)
3921:(PDF)
3297:at 5.
2955:6 May
2949:(PDF)
2942:(PDF)
2851:6 May
2825:6 May
2699:(PDF)
2692:(PDF)
2392:7 May
2158:Notes
1794:, (a
1728:Water
1428:s232
1417:s205
1406:s202
1395:s200
1384:s197
832:CEDAW
824:ICCPR
820:ICERD
743:Māori
5555:Guam
5507:Niue
5429:Fiji
4953:list
4936:list
4924:list
4830:LGBT
4147:2011
4125:2011
4103:2010
4081:2011
4040:2011
4010:PMID
3038:2011
2957:2014
2853:2014
2827:2014
2754:2011
2707:2011
2675:2011
2610:2011
2465:2018
2424:2009
2394:2008
2365:2008
2332:ISBN
2313:2011
2253:2011
2040:and
1872:NCEA
1810:and
1808:2010
1691:Food
1373:s18
1304:The
1289:The
1262:The
1228:The
844:CRPD
842:and
812:UNDP
806:and
312:2022
307:2019
302:2016
297:2013
285:2023
280:2020
275:2017
270:2014
151:list
92:list
5272:Art
4854:Law
4002:doi
1920:In
879:in
840:CAT
836:CRC
783:in
733:.
5607::
4301:.
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