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The intention was that the cost of attending such a school would be met by the parents, which was an interesting concept for a child who was sent there because he was already homeless. The state had to provide. The system expanded rapidly, and magistrates preferred to send miscreants to a school
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During the day there were set times for religion and moral guidance, formal schooling, doing housework, eating, and learning trades, with three intervals for play. The boys' trades were gardening, tailoring, and shoemaking; the girls learned housework and washing, knitting, and sewing.
124:, were set up by volunteers to help destitute children. Their philosophy differed in that they believed that an education was not enough: these children needed to be removed from the harmful environment of the street, trained to be industrious, and given a trade they could practise.
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Best estimates suggest that, at the peak, there were 224 certified industrial schools in
England and 50 in Scotland. There were others operating without certification or when certification had been removed. Name changing was common. Directly after
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It was not until 1875 that it became compulsory to register births, and vagrants often genuinely did not know their age. Also, children would say any age that was convenient to them at the time.
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Homeless children who had not committed any more serious crime were sent to industrial schools, and children who had been arrested for other crimes were sent to juvenile prisons known as
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Some schools were residential, but other children were day-boys. The regime was severe, with a tightly timetabled daily routine that stretched from waking at 6:00am to bedtime at 7:00pm.
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c. 48) gave magistrates the power to sentence homeless children between the ages of 7 and 14, who were brought before the courts for vagrancy to a spell in an industrial school.
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rather than a reformatory. There was public unrest about the mounting cost. From 1870, responsibility for the
Industrial schools passed to the local Committee of Education.
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70:, where the Industrial Schools Act came into force in 1866. The schools cared for neglected children and taught them a trade, with an emphasis on preventing crime.
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Any child apparently under the age of fourteen found wandering and not having any home or visible means of support, or in company of reputed thieves.
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An Act to make better
Provision for the Care and Education of vagrant, destitute, and disorderly Children, and for Extension of Industrial Schools.
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to send disorderly children to a residential industrial school. An 1876 act led to nonresidential day schools of a similar kind.
262:, 100 closed and by 1933 there were only 55 remaining. They agreed to change their names to approved schools in 1927, and the
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Any child apparently under the age of fourteen found begging or receiving alms (money or goods given as charity to the poor).
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112:) to care for "neglected, orphaned and abandoned children". By 1884 there were 5,049 children in such institutions.
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Any child apparently under the age of twelve who, having committed an offence punishable by imprisonment or less.
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An
Industrial Feeding School was opened in Aberdeen in 1846. Industrial schools, like the contemporaneous
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Any child under the age of fourteen whose parents declare him to be beyond their control".
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89:) which included an element of punishment. Both agreed in 1927 to call themselves
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In 1861, a further act strengthened the powers of the magistrate "to include:
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Connaught House 1887 – A Church of
England Industrial School in Winchester.
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by removing poor and neglected children from their home environment to a
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363:"Hidden Lives Revealed: A Virtual Archive – Children in Care 1881-1981"
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Report of the
Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse, 2009.
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447:. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 508.
421:The Industrial School system in the United Kingdom
408:(report), IE: Child abuse commission, 5 June 2003
342:(285 cc1022-4). UK Parliament. 10 March 1884.
316:. University of London Institute of Education
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43:were intended to solve problems of juvenile
462:History of education in the United Kingdom
311:"Industrial Schools in England, 1857-1933"
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467:1857 establishments in the United Kingdom
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104:c. 25) established industrial schools (
87:Reformatory Schools (Scotland) Act 1854
23:For Industrial schools in Ireland, see
336:"INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS (IRELAND). HC Deb"
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266:merged them to form a single system.
98:Industrial Schools Act (Ireland) 1868
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164:Parliament of the United Kingdom
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426:Industrial Schools in Scotland
74:is an example formed in 1882.
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431:Industrial Schools in England
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309:Gillian Carol Gear (1999).
212:Industrial Schools Act 1857
146:Industrial Schools Act 1857
135:Industrial Schools Act 1857
83:Youthful Offenders Act 1854
25:Industrial school (Ireland)
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139:United Kingdom legislation
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438:"Industrial School"
264:Approved Schools Act 1933
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249:Financial accountability
77:They were distinct from
16:Not to be confused with
472:Youth detention centers
444:Encyclopædia Britannica
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286:Saint Martin, Jersey
110:scoileanna saothair
18:Manual labor school
367:hiddenlives.org.uk
282:Haut de la Garenne
41:Industrial schools
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216:20 & 21 Vict.
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152:Act of Parliament
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61:magistrates
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293:References
172:Long title
85:(and the
477:Vagrancy
372:27 March
270:See also
182:Citation
68:Scotland
45:vagrancy
340:Hansard
320:9 April
116:Context
49:England
394:Report
314:(PDF)
194:Dates
189:c. 48
106:Irish
374:2017
322:2016
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