1369:(MSW) management and industrial waste management are organized by the Royal Thai Government, which is organized as central (national) government, regional government, and local government. Each government is responsible for different tasks. The central government is responsible for stimulating regulation, policies, and standards. The regional governments are responsible for coordinating the central and local governments. The local governments are responsible for waste management in their governed area. However, the local governments do not dispose of the waste by themselves but instead hire private companies that have been granted the right from the Pollution Control Department (PCD) in Thailand. The main companies are Bangpoo Industrial Waste Management Center, General Environmental Conservation Public Company Limited (GENCO), SGS Thailand, Waste Management Siam LTD (WMS), and Better World Green Public Company Limited (BWG). These companies are responsible for the waste they have received from their customers before releasing it to the environment, burying it.
1102:
49:
1473:(1972) and RCRA, open dumping or releasing wastewater into nearby bodies of water were common waste disposal methods. The negative effects on human health and environmental health led to the need for such regulations. The RCRA framework provides specified subsections defining nonhazardous and hazardous waste materials and how each should be properly managed and disposed of. Guidelines for the disposal of nonhazardous solid waste includes the banning of open dumping. Hazardous waste is monitored in a "
1307:
discharged without treatment, groundwater and surface water bodies—lakes, streams, rivers and coastal waters—can become polluted, with serious impacts on human health and the environment. Drinking water sources and irrigation water used for farming may be affected. The pollutants may degrade or destroy habitat for animals and plants. In coastal areas, fish and other aquatic life can be contaminated by untreated waste; beaches and other recreational areas can be damaged or closed.
1295:
1202:
3109:
991:
1320:
3120:
1453:(FS) stage); 3) determine the most suitable remedies that could lower the risks to more adequate levels. Some sites are so contaminated because of past waste disposals that it takes decades to clean them up, or bring the contamination down to acceptable levels, thus requiring long-term management over those sites. Hence, sometimes figuring out a final remedy is not possible, and so, the EPA has developed the
1003:
1214:
sewage released into bodies of water directly affect marine ecosystems and the health of those who depend on the waters as food or drinking water sources. Toxins from the wastewater can kill off marine life or cause varying degrees of illness to those who consume these marine animals, depending on the contaminant. Metals and chemicals released into bodies of water affect the
2537:
1093:, making accurate assessments difficult. An estimate for the US goes as high as 7.6 billion tons of industrial waste produced annually, as of 2017. Most countries have enacted legislation to deal with the problem of industrial waste, but strictness and compliance regimes vary. Enforcement is always an issue.
1387:(RCRA) provides for federal regulation of industrial, household, and manufacturing solid and hazardous wastes in the United States. RCRA aims to conserve natural resources and energy, protect human health, eliminate or reduce waste, and to clean up waste when needed. RCRA first began as an amendment to the
1477:" fashion; each step in the process of waste generation, transport and disposal is tracked. The EPA now manages 2.96 million tons of solid, hazardous and industrial waste. Since establishment, the RCRA program has undergone reforms as inefficiencies arise and as waste management processes evolve.
1468:
State compliance is monitored by EPA inspections. In the case that waste management guideline standards are not met, action against the site will be taken. Compliance errors may be corrected by enforced cleanup directly by the site responsible for the waste or by a third party hired by that site.
1306:
One of the most devastating effects of industrial waste is water pollution. For many industrial processes, water is used which comes in contact with harmful chemicals. These chemicals may include organic compounds (such as solvents), metals, nutrients or radioactive material. If the wastewater is
1213:
Many less-developed countries that are becoming industrialized do not yet have the resources or technology to dispose their wastes with minimal impacts on the environment. Both untreated and partially treated wastewater are commonly fed back into a near lying body of water. Metals, chemicals and
1480:
The 1972 Clean Water Act is a broad legislative mandate to protect surface waters (rivers, lakes and coastal water bodies). A 1948 law had authorized research and development of voluntary water standards, and had provided limited financing for state and local government efforts. The 1972 law
1448:
to find sites of contamination, identify the parties responsible, and in the occurrences where said parties are not known or able to, the program funds cleanups. Superfund also works on figuring out and applying final remedies for cleanups. The
Superfund process is to: 1) collect necessary
1440:—corrective action is when treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs) must oblige with inquiring hazardous releases into ground and surface water, soil, and air, and clearing it up. Under the HSWA, the EPA can necessitate corrective action at permitted and non-permitted TSDFs.
1411:(EPA) to set specific treatment standards that must be met before hazardous waste can be subject to land disposals. The LDR program also has a dilution prohibition, which asserts that hazardous waste cannot be diluted down by the handler as a means to avoid satisfying the treatment.
2966:
1229:
which can kill off existing life in water bodies. A Thailand study focusing on water pollution origins found that the highest concentrations of water contamination in the U-tapao river had a direct correlation to industrial wastewater discharges.
1460:
The EPA has issued national regulations regarding the handling, treatment and disposal of wastes. EPA has authorized individual state environmental agencies to implement and enforce the RCRA regulations through approved
1089:) or non-hazardous waste. Industrial waste may pollute the nearby soil or adjacent water bodies, and can contaminate groundwater, lakes, streams, rivers or coastal waters. Industrial waste is often mixed into
771:
950:
945:
1101:
1264:
typically has specific definitions, due to the more careful and complex handling required of such wastes. Under US law, waste may be classified as hazardous based on certain characteristics:
1236:—discharges of water at elevated temperature after being used for cooling—can also lead to polluted water. Elevated water temperatures decrease oxygen levels, which can kill fish and alter
3023:
2959:
1260:, typically refers to material that is not hazardous. This category includes trash, rubbish and refuse; and may include materials such as construction debris and yard waste.
1903:
1449:
information (known as the
Remedial Investigation (RI) phase); 2) assess alternatives to deal with any potential risks to the environmental and human health (known as the
1481:
prohibited, for the first time, uncontrolled discharges of industrial waste, as well as municipal sewage, into waters of the United States. EPA was required to develop
955:
2944:
1852:
1408:
1033:
721:
2791:
1518:
1658:"Assessment of Disposal Scenarios for Solid Waste Management Using Fuzzy Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix; a Case Study of Khorramabad Industrial Estate"
3053:
1378:
1356:
1407:, etc.), and the Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR) program (under HSWA) forbids untreated hazardous waste from land disposals, and requires the
1384:
2954:
2801:
1750:
940:
1961:
3068:
1433:) trims production of hazardous wastes right at its source, and is the EPA's first step in material management with recycling being second.
214:
1489:
for individual water bodies. Enforcement is mainly delegated to state agencies. Major amendments to the law were passed in 1977 and 1987.
1166:
Many factories and most power plants are located near bodies of water to obtain large amounts of water for manufacturing processes or for
1081:, chemicals, scrap lumber, even vegetable matter from restaurants. Industrial waste may be solid, semi-solid or liquid in form. It may be
341:
261:
3134:
3129:
1766:
1523:
935:
849:
291:
2389:
1816:
1573:
791:
696:
2035:
1702:
1154:
Waste in solid form, but some pollutants within are in liquid or fluid form, e.g. crockery industry or washing of minerals or coal
3048:
1437:
1388:
2851:
2841:
2756:
2606:
2356:
1914:
1528:
1144:
1026:
736:
499:
81:
2949:
2826:
2786:
2781:
1430:
2277:"Reassessing the History of U.S. Hazardous Waste Disposal Policy - Problem Definition, Expert Knowledge and Agenda-Setting"
1884:
2846:
2806:
2771:
1175:
971:
421:
3144:
3139:
2934:
2871:
2861:
509:
361:
336:
131:
2199:
Gustavson, Karl E.; Barnthouse, Lawrence W.; Brierley, Corale L.; Clark, Edwin H.; II, II; Ward, C. Herb (2007-04-01).
3058:
2881:
2776:
2766:
2761:
2611:
2429:
620:
371:
3028:
1859:
2912:
2886:
2876:
2866:
2836:
2816:
2646:
2298:
1783:
1019:
376:
226:
1617:(Report). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2011. pp. 1–1, 1–2. EPA 833-B-11-001.
48:
19:
This article is about solid or liquid waste generated by industrial facilities. For industrial air pollution, see
2929:
2856:
2821:
2811:
2796:
1503:
1133:
751:
716:
676:
329:
296:
146:
2261:
3170:
2145:
2067:
1474:
1110:
746:
366:
301:
238:
2276:
1614:
1417:—the goal of waste minimization is to make sure that the amount of hazardous waste that is produced, and its
2971:
776:
731:
351:
1391:, and in 1984, Congress passed the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) which strengthened RCRA by:
1049:
is the waste produced by industrial activity which includes any material that is rendered useless during a
2681:
1129:
914:
401:
1136:(BOD). Industrial wastes containing toxic pollutants or high concentrations of other pollutants (such as
2481:
2461:
1833:
1366:
1257:
1121:
884:
726:
592:
504:
201:
3083:
2831:
2676:
2581:
2212:
1508:
426:
159:
2092:
1294:
3043:
2631:
2551:
2496:
2394:
2381:
2349:
1482:
1454:
1273:
761:
706:
671:
597:
524:
474:
469:
454:
111:
3113:
3088:
3033:
2939:
2728:
2698:
2414:
1965:
1414:
1396:
1222:
1195:
995:
756:
632:
394:
176:
116:
86:
30:
1201:
2992:
2922:
2917:
2902:
2693:
2661:
2656:
2636:
2576:
2501:
2238:
2230:
2116:
1812:
1746:
1703:"Effects of Industrial Waste Disposal on the Surface Water Quality of U-tapao River, Thailand"
1569:
1450:
1233:
644:
567:
560:
514:
381:
171:
166:
76:
3108:
2976:
2907:
2748:
2718:
2708:
2666:
2641:
2621:
2616:
2424:
2419:
2399:
2373:
2220:
1669:
1462:
1422:
1215:
1125:
990:
904:
801:
741:
627:
580:
529:
464:
449:
431:
406:
346:
231:
181:
3078:
3002:
2738:
2733:
2703:
2601:
2586:
2491:
2486:
2446:
1513:
1486:
1470:
1289:
1261:
1191:
1090:
1082:
689:
649:
519:
484:
416:
356:
284:
221:
121:
2334:
2216:
3165:
3124:
2997:
2671:
2651:
2561:
2521:
2409:
2342:
2170:
1717:
1538:
1498:
1400:
1226:
1179:
1171:
1117:
1007:
811:
711:
666:
659:
654:
411:
106:
1589:
1319:
3159:
3063:
2723:
2471:
1485:
and standards for municipal sewage treatment plants. States were required to develop
1167:
1106:
1050:
826:
316:
311:
306:
64:
20:
3007:
2713:
2591:
2571:
2516:
2307:
1792:
1690:. Washington, DC: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment. 1987. p. 22.
1265:
1245:
1241:
1187:
859:
821:
806:
637:
602:
547:
266:
126:
1673:
1628:
1806:
3038:
2688:
2526:
2441:
2404:
1888:
1767:"Defining Hazardous Waste: Listed, Characteristic and Mixed Radiological Wastes"
1183:
1157:
Waste in dissolved and the pollutant is in liquid form, e.g. the dairy industry.
781:
479:
459:
96:
1174:
are the largest water users. Other industries using large amounts of water are
3093:
2451:
2436:
1237:
831:
587:
91:
2234:
3073:
2626:
2365:
1657:
1642:
1533:
1445:
1426:
1330: with: Overview of waste management practices globally. You can help by
1299:
1054:
899:
854:
816:
766:
701:
607:
71:
38:
2536:
2321:
2242:
1904:"Hazardous and Industrial Solid Waste Management in Thailand - an Overview"
1150:
Industrial wastes can be classified on the basis of their characteristics:
1124:
are classifications of wastes used by governments in different countries.
2596:
2556:
2476:
2327:(Report). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Congressional Research Service. RL30030.
1543:
1418:
1404:
1362:
1086:
1078:
1070:
271:
1280:. Some types of hazardous waste are specifically listed in regulations.
2566:
2297:
United States. Federal Water
Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.
1269:
1206:
1137:
54:
2225:
2200:
1939:
2511:
2466:
1277:
1066:
1058:
909:
889:
796:
786:
494:
1710:
2012 International
Conference on Environment Science and Engineering
1421:
levels, is as diminished as possible, and the EPA does this through
2009:
2506:
2369:
1293:
1200:
1128:
plants can treat some industrial wastes, i.e. those consisting of
1100:
1074:
919:
864:
256:
1942:. General Environment Conservation Public Company Limited (GENCO)
1062:
894:
141:
136:
101:
16:
Waste produced by industrial activity or manufacturing processes
2338:
1887:. Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. Archived from
2068:"History of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)"
1987:
1314:
2146:"Frequent Questions | Waste Minimization | Wastes | US EPA"
1913:. Asian Institute of Technology Thailand. Archived from
1858:. Pollution Control Department, Thailand. Archived from
1782:
1399:—land disposal means placing waste on or in land (e.g.
1331:
1590:"Industrial Waste Management: Waste Stream Statistics"
2036:"Regulatory and Guidance Information by Topic: Waste"
1811:(4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
1097:
Classification of industrial waste and its treatment
3016:
2985:
2895:
2747:
2544:
2380:
3024:Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future
2299:
2012:. Better World Green Public Company Limited (BWG )
1885:"Pollution Control Department Statement, Thailand"
1853:"Waste and Hazardous Substances Management Bureau"
1784:
2262:"Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Overview"
1615:Introduction to the National Pretreatment Program
2281:Risk: Health, Safety and Environment (1990-2002)
2256:
2254:
2252:
2093:"Land Disposal Restrictions for Hazardous Waste"
1656:Ghobadi, M.; Ahmadipari, M.; Pazoki, M. (2020).
1778:
1776:
1840:. New York: Natural Resources Defense Council.
1834:"Water Pollution: Everything You Need to Know"
1568:. New York: Infobase Publishing. p. 120.
1061:operations. Types of industrial waste include
2350:
1743:Water Pollution - Causes, Effects and Control
1027:
8:
1483:national standards for industrial facilities
2357:
2343:
2335:
1519:List of solid waste treatment technologies
1140:) require specialized treatment systems. (
1034:
1020:
924:
47:
25:
2224:
1436:Amplifying the EPA's authority regarding
1964:. SGS (Thailand) Limited. Archived from
1566:Pollution: Treating Environmental Toxins
3054:High-level radioactive waste management
1988:"About Waste Management Siam Ltd.(WMS)"
1808:Aquatic Pollution: An Introductory Text
1556:
1379:Solid waste policy in the United States
1357:Industrial waste management in Thailand
1225:(nitrates and phosphates) often causes
963:
927:
37:
2205:Environmental Science & Technology
1385:Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
2322:Clean Water Act: A Summary of the Law
2194:
2192:
2190:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2029:
2027:
7:
3069:Sewage regulation and administration
1745:. New Delhi: New Age International.
1409:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
262:Radium and radon in the environment
2304:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
1789:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
1524:List of waste management companies
14:
1564:Maczulak, Anne Elizabeth (2010).
3119:
3118:
3107:
3049:Extended producer responsibility
2535:
2320:Copeland, Claudia (2016-10-18).
2275:Brown; et al. (June 1977).
2201:"Superfund and Mining Megasites"
1389:Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965
1318:
1001:
989:
2607:Mechanical biological treatment
2171:"Learn about Corrective Action"
1832:Denchak, Melissa (2018-05-14).
1529:List of waste management topics
1145:Industrial wastewater treatment
82:Atmospheric dispersion modeling
1469:Prior to the enactment of the
951:Least polluted cities by PM2.5
1:
1688:Wastes in Marine Environments
1674:10.22059/POLL.2020.295451.735
1244:, and foster invasion by new
1120:, industrial solid waste and
422:Electrical resistance heating
53:A copper mining waste pit in
1851:Jiaranaikhajorn, Taweechai.
1240:composition, reduce species
1109:river bed contaminated with
132:Persistent organic pollutant
3059:History of waste management
2169:US EPA, OLEM (2016-01-22).
2091:US EPA, OLEM (2015-11-25).
2066:US EPA, OLEM (2015-08-18).
1990:. Waste Management Siam Ltd
1911:www.faculty.ait.ac.th/visu/
3187:
2647:fluorescent lamp recycling
2034:US EPA, OMS (2014-11-10).
1444:Furthermore, the EPA uses
1376:
1354:
1287:
1256:Solid waste, often called
18:
3102:
2533:
1795:Approved 21 October 1976.
1504:Environmental remediation
1431:pollution prevention (P2)
1252:Solid and hazardous waste
1134:biochemical oxygen demand
1085:(some types of which are
677:War and environmental law
297:Health effects from noise
147:Volatile organic compound
3029:China's waste import ban
1805:Laws, Edward A. (2017).
1053:process such as that of
302:Marine mammals and sonar
2390:Agricultural wastewater
1701:Gyawali at al. (2012).
1643:"Cooling Water Intakes"
1487:water quality standards
1429:. Source reduction (or
1298:Water pollution in the
1130:conventional pollutants
777:Freshwater salinization
697:Agricultural wastewater
3114:Environment portal
2792:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2682:water recycling shower
1303:
1221:Wastewater containing
1210:
1113:
996:Environment portal
2482:Municipal solid waste
2462:Industrial wastewater
1367:municipal solid waste
1297:
1258:municipal solid waste
1204:
1172:electric power plants
1122:municipal solid waste
1104:
737:Industrial wastewater
505:Municipal solid waste
427:Soil guideline values
2677:water heat recycling
2582:Garden waste dumping
2117:"Waste Minimization"
1509:Environmental racism
1188:petroleum refineries
1184:iron and steel mills
1176:pulp and paper mills
1162:Environmental impact
946:Most polluted cities
598:Overhead power lines
3044:Eco-industrial park
2632:appliance recycling
2552:Anaerobic digestion
2497:Post-consumer waste
2395:Biodegradable waste
2217:2007EnST...41.2667G
2126:. November 20, 2021
1968:on 11 November 2014
1920:on 11 November 2014
1741:Goel, P.K. (2006).
1716:: 5. Archived from
1455:Adaptive Management
762:Ocean acidification
672:Unexploded ordnance
593:Advertising clutter
525:Post-consumer waste
470:Foam food container
455:Biodegradable waste
112:Global distillation
3089:Waste minimisation
3034:Cleaner production
2699:Reusable packaging
2612:Mechanical sorting
2415:Construction waste
2264:. EPA. 2020-10-29.
1940:"Genco Background"
1769:. EPA. 2020-07-16.
1645:. EPA. 2020-05-14.
1631:. EPA. 2018-02-05.
1629:"How We Use Water"
1415:Waste minimization
1304:
1211:
1114:
1008:Ecology portal
633:Herbicidal warfare
177:Introduced species
117:Indoor air quality
87:Chlorofluorocarbon
3153:
3152:
3084:Waste legislation
2993:Sanitation worker
2967:London Convention
2903:Bamako Convention
2694:Resource recovery
2662:textile recycling
2657:plastic recycling
2637:battery recycling
2577:Ecological design
2502:Radioactive waste
2310:October 18, 1972.
2226:10.1021/es0725091
1752:978-81-224-1839-2
1451:Feasibility Study
1438:corrective action
1348:
1347:
1234:Thermal pollution
1216:marine ecosystems
1196:aluminum smelters
1168:equipment cooling
1116:Hazardous waste,
1044:
1043:
979:
978:
645:Nuclear holocaust
568:Urban heat island
382:Radioactive waste
167:Biological hazard
77:Air quality index
3178:
3122:
3121:
3112:
3111:
2977:OSPAR Convention
2908:Basel Convention
2719:Waste collection
2709:Sewage treatment
2667:timber recycling
2642:bottle recycling
2622:Reclaimed lumber
2617:Photodegradation
2539:
2457:Industrial waste
2425:Electronic waste
2420:Demolition waste
2400:Biomedical waste
2374:waste management
2359:
2352:
2345:
2336:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2317:
2311:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2258:
2247:
2246:
2228:
2211:(8): 2667–2672.
2196:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2121:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2103:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2078:
2063:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2031:
2022:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1919:
1908:
1902:Visvanathan, C.
1899:
1893:
1892:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1864:
1857:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1771:
1770:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1722:
1707:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1561:
1463:waste management
1423:source reduction
1343:
1340:
1322:
1315:
1126:Sewage treatment
1047:Industrial waste
1036:
1029:
1022:
1006:
1005:
1004:
994:
993:
925:
628:Chemical warfare
530:Waste management
490:Industrial waste
465:Electronic waste
450:Advertising mail
432:Phytoremediation
407:Land degradation
347:Depleted uranium
232:Overillumination
182:Invasive species
51:
41:
26:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3175:
3171:Water pollution
3156:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3125:Category: Waste
3106:
3098:
3079:Waste hierarchy
3012:
3003:Waste collector
2981:
2972:Oslo Convention
2891:
2743:
2739:Waste-to-energy
2734:Waste treatment
2704:Right to repair
2602:Landfill mining
2587:Illegal dumping
2540:
2531:
2492:Packaging waste
2487:Open defecation
2447:Hazardous waste
2376:
2363:
2333:
2332:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2303:
2296:
2292:
2274:
2273:
2269:
2260:
2259:
2250:
2198:
2197:
2188:
2179:
2177:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2154:
2152:
2150:archive.epa.gov
2144:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2101:
2099:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2076:
2074:
2065:
2064:
2053:
2044:
2042:
2033:
2032:
2025:
2015:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2003:
1993:
1991:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1971:
1969:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1923:
1921:
1917:
1906:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1868:
1866:
1865:on 17 June 2020
1862:
1855:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1753:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1705:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1599:
1597:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1576:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1514:Hazardous waste
1495:
1475:cradle to grave
1471:Clean Water Act
1401:injection wells
1381:
1375:
1359:
1353:
1344:
1338:
1335:
1328:needs expansion
1313:
1292:
1290:Water pollution
1286:
1284:Water pollution
1262:Hazardous waste
1254:
1192:food processing
1180:chemical plants
1164:
1099:
1091:municipal waste
1083:hazardous waste
1040:
1002:
1000:
988:
981:
980:
880:
872:
871:
845:
837:
836:
772:Pharmaceuticals
752:Nonpoint source
692:
682:
681:
650:Nuclear fallout
623:
613:
612:
583:
573:
572:
563:
553:
552:
543:
535:
534:
520:Packaging waste
485:Hazardous waste
445:
437:
436:
397:
387:
386:
357:Nuclear fallout
352:Nuclear fission
332:
322:
321:
287:
277:
276:
252:
244:
243:
217:
215:Electromagnetic
207:
206:
197:
189:
188:
162:
152:
151:
122:Ozone depletion
67:
57:
39:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3184:
3182:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3158:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3116:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2998:Street sweeper
2995:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2910:
2905:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2882:United Kingdom
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2753:
2751:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2672:tire recycling
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2652:land recycling
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2562:Biodegradation
2559:
2554:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2522:Surface runoff
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2410:Chemical waste
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2339:
2331:
2330:
2312:
2290:
2267:
2248:
2186:
2161:
2137:
2124:Microsoft Word
2108:
2083:
2051:
2023:
2001:
1979:
1953:
1931:
1894:
1891:on 2014-11-11.
1876:
1843:
1824:
1817:
1797:
1772:
1758:
1751:
1733:
1693:
1679:
1668:(3): 531–541.
1648:
1634:
1620:
1606:
1581:
1574:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1546:(mining waste)
1541:
1539:Soil pollution
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1499:Chemical waste
1494:
1491:
1442:
1441:
1434:
1412:
1377:Main article:
1374:
1371:
1355:Main article:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1325:
1323:
1312:
1309:
1288:Main article:
1285:
1282:
1253:
1250:
1227:eutrophication
1205:A landfill in
1163:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1118:chemical waste
1098:
1095:
1069:, masonry and
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1011:
1010:
998:
983:
982:
977:
976:
975:
974:
966:
965:
961:
960:
959:
958:
953:
948:
943:
941:Law by country
938:
930:
929:
923:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
881:
878:
877:
874:
873:
870:
869:
868:
867:
862:
852:
846:
843:
842:
839:
838:
835:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
812:Surface runoff
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
712:Eutrophication
709:
704:
699:
693:
688:
687:
684:
683:
680:
679:
674:
669:
667:Scorched earth
664:
663:
662:
660:Nuclear winter
657:
655:Nuclear famine
652:
642:
641:
640:
630:
624:
619:
618:
615:
614:
611:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
584:
579:
578:
575:
574:
571:
570:
564:
559:
558:
555:
554:
551:
550:
544:
541:
540:
537:
536:
533:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
446:
443:
442:
439:
438:
435:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
412:Bioremediation
409:
404:
398:
393:
392:
389:
388:
385:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
342:Bioremediation
339:
333:
328:
327:
324:
323:
320:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
292:Transportation
288:
283:
282:
279:
278:
275:
274:
269:
264:
259:
253:
250:
249:
246:
245:
242:
241:
239:Radio spectrum
236:
235:
234:
229:
218:
213:
212:
209:
208:
205:
204:
198:
195:
194:
191:
190:
187:
186:
185:
184:
174:
169:
163:
158:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
109:
107:Global dimming
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
68:
63:
62:
59:
58:
52:
44:
43:
35:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3183:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3146:
3145:Organizations
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3117:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3064:Landfill fire
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2913:EU directives
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2888:
2887:United States
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2724:Waste sorting
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2538:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2472:Marine debris
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2360:
2355:
2353:
2348:
2346:
2341:
2340:
2337:
2323:
2316:
2313:
2309:
2302:
2294:
2291:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2271:
2268:
2263:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2176:
2172:
2165:
2162:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2125:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2084:
2073:
2069:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2041:
2037:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1967:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1916:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1828:
1825:
1820:
1818:9781119304500
1814:
1810:
1809:
1801:
1798:
1794:
1787:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1754:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1734:
1723:on 2018-11-23
1719:
1715:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1694:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1652:
1649:
1644:
1638:
1635:
1630:
1624:
1621:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1577:
1575:9781438126333
1571:
1567:
1560:
1557:
1550:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1464:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1397:land disposal
1394:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1386:
1380:
1373:United States
1372:
1370:
1368:
1365:the roles in
1364:
1358:
1350:
1342:
1333:
1329:
1326:This section
1324:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1310:
1308:
1302:, New Zealand
1301:
1296:
1291:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1170:. In the US,
1169:
1161:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1108:
1107:Massachusetts
1105:Cleanup of a
1103:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1057:, mills, and
1056:
1052:
1051:manufacturing
1048:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1025:
1023:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1009:
999:
997:
992:
987:
986:
985:
984:
973:
970:
969:
968:
967:
962:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
933:
932:
931:
926:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
882:
876:
875:
866:
863:
861:
858:
857:
856:
853:
851:
848:
847:
841:
840:
833:
830:
828:
827:Water quality
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
694:
691:
686:
685:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
647:
646:
643:
639:
636:
635:
634:
631:
629:
626:
625:
622:
617:
616:
609:
606:
604:
603:Traffic signs
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
585:
582:
577:
576:
569:
566:
565:
562:
557:
556:
549:
546:
545:
539:
538:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
510:Nanomaterials
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
447:
441:
440:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
399:
396:
391:
390:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
372:Radioactivity
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
334:
331:
326:
325:
318:
317:Soundproofing
315:
313:
312:Noise control
310:
308:
307:Noise barrier
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
289:
286:
281:
280:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
254:
248:
247:
240:
237:
233:
230:
228:
225:
224:
223:
220:
219:
216:
211:
210:
203:
200:
199:
193:
192:
183:
180:
179:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
164:
161:
156:
155:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
78:
75:
73:
70:
69:
66:
61:
60:
56:
50:
46:
45:
42:
36:
32:
28:
27:
22:
21:Air pollution
3017:Other topics
3008:Waste picker
2935:incineration
2714:Urban mining
2592:Incineration
2572:Durable good
2517:Sharps waste
2477:Mining waste
2456:
2315:
2293:
2284:
2280:
2270:
2208:
2204:
2178:. Retrieved
2174:
2164:
2153:. Retrieved
2149:
2140:
2128:. Retrieved
2123:
2111:
2100:. Retrieved
2096:
2086:
2075:. Retrieved
2071:
2043:. Retrieved
2039:
2014:. Retrieved
2004:
1992:. Retrieved
1982:
1970:. Retrieved
1966:the original
1956:
1944:. Retrieved
1934:
1922:. Retrieved
1915:the original
1910:
1897:
1889:the original
1879:
1867:. Retrieved
1860:the original
1846:
1837:
1827:
1807:
1800:
1761:
1742:
1736:
1725:. Retrieved
1718:the original
1713:
1709:
1696:
1687:
1682:
1665:
1661:
1651:
1637:
1623:
1609:
1598:. Retrieved
1596:. 2017-02-28
1593:
1584:
1565:
1559:
1479:
1467:
1459:
1443:
1395:Eliminating
1382:
1360:
1339:January 2021
1336:
1332:adding to it
1327:
1305:
1266:ignitability
1255:
1246:thermophilic
1242:biodiversity
1232:
1220:
1212:
1165:
1149:
1141:
1115:
1077:metal, oil,
1046:
1045:
915:Point source
860:Heavy metals
822:Urban runoff
807:Sulfur water
782:Septic tanks
638:Agent Orange
548:Space debris
489:
402:Agricultural
267:Volcanic ash
127:Particulates
3039:Downcycling
2986:Occupations
2955:waste water
2852:Switzerland
2842:South Korea
2832:New Zealand
2757:Afghanistan
2729:Waste trade
2689:Repurposing
2527:Toxic waste
2507:Scrap metal
2442:Green waste
2405:Brown waste
2382:Major types
2175:www.epa.gov
2130:November 4,
2097:www.epa.gov
2072:www.epa.gov
2040:www.epa.gov
2016:22 November
2010:"About BGW"
1994:22 November
1972:22 November
1962:"About SGS"
1946:22 November
1924:22 November
1869:22 November
1838:Our Stories
1594:Recover Inc
1274:corrosivity
1194:plants and
885:Area source
727:Groundwater
480:Green waste
460:Brown waste
444:Solid waste
202:Information
97:Exhaust gas
3160:Categories
3094:Zero waste
2896:Agreements
2827:Kazakhstan
2782:Bangladesh
2567:Composting
2452:Heat waste
2437:Food waste
2430:by country
2180:2021-11-21
2155:2021-11-21
2102:2021-11-21
2077:2021-11-21
2045:2021-11-21
1727:2018-09-08
1600:2019-04-23
1551:References
1465:programs.
1311:Management
1270:reactivity
1238:food chain
972:By country
964:Categories
855:Pollutants
832:Wastewater
802:Stagnation
747:Monitoring
722:Freshwater
588:Air travel
475:Food waste
417:Defecation
227:Ecological
160:Biological
92:Combustion
29:Part of a
3074:Upcycling
2940:landfills
2930:framework
2923:Recycling
2918:batteries
2847:Sri Lanka
2807:Hong Kong
2772:Australia
2749:Countries
2627:Recycling
2545:Processes
2366:Biosolids
2235:0013-936X
1662:Pollution
1534:Recycling
1446:Superfund
1427:recycling
1405:landfills
1383:The 1976
1300:Wairarapa
1248:species.
1223:nutrients
1055:factories
900:Garbology
817:Turbidity
767:Oil spill
717:Firewater
702:Biosolids
608:Vandalism
367:Poisoning
362:Plutonium
337:Actinides
330:Radiation
72:Acid rain
40:Pollution
3135:Journals
2950:vehicles
2872:Thailand
2862:Tanzania
2597:Landfill
2557:Balefill
2243:17533822
1544:Tailings
1493:See also
1419:toxicity
1363:Thailand
1351:Thailand
1278:toxicity
1209:, Brazil
1132:such as
1079:solvents
1071:concrete
956:Treaties
936:Diseases
792:Shipping
757:Nutrient
707:Diseases
272:Wildfire
2802:Georgia
2777:Belgium
2767:Armenia
2762:Albania
2300:Pub. L.
2213:Bibcode
1785:Pub. L.
1138:ammonia
850:History
732:Hypoxia
561:Thermal
515:Plastic
377:Uranium
251:Natural
196:Digital
172:Genetic
55:Montana
3123:
2877:Turkey
2867:Taiwan
2837:Russia
2817:Israel
2787:Brazil
2512:Sewage
2467:Litter
2372:, and
2308:92–500
2306:
2241:
2233:
1815:
1793:94–580
1791:
1749:
1572:
1457:plan.
1067:gravel
1059:mining
910:Midden
905:Legacy
890:Debris
844:Topics
797:Sludge
787:Sewage
742:Marine
581:Visual
500:Mining
495:Litter
31:series
3166:Waste
3140:Lists
3130:Index
2857:Syria
2822:Japan
2812:India
2797:Egypt
2370:waste
2325:(PDF)
2287:: 26.
2120:(PDF)
1918:(PDF)
1907:(PDF)
1863:(PDF)
1856:(PDF)
1721:(PDF)
1706:(PDF)
1087:toxic
1075:scrap
928:Lists
920:Waste
865:Paint
690:Water
542:Space
285:Noise
257:Ozone
222:Light
2960:WEEE
2945:RoHS
2239:PMID
2231:ISSN
2132:2021
2018:2014
1996:2014
1974:2014
1948:2014
1926:2014
1871:2014
1813:ISBN
1747:ISBN
1570:ISBN
1425:and
1276:and
1207:Pará
1111:PCBs
1065:and
1063:dirt
895:Dust
879:Misc
395:Soil
142:Soot
137:Smog
102:Haze
2221:doi
1670:doi
1361:In
1334:.
1147:).
1142:See
621:War
65:Air
3162::
2368:,
2283:.
2279:.
2251:^
2237:.
2229:.
2219:.
2209:41
2207:.
2203:.
2189:^
2173:.
2148:.
2122:.
2095:.
2070:.
2054:^
2038:.
2026:^
1909:.
1836:.
1775:^
1714:32
1712:.
1708:.
1664:.
1660:.
1592:.
1403:,
1272:,
1268:,
1218:.
1198:.
1190:,
1186:,
1182:,
1178:,
1073:,
33:on
2358:e
2351:t
2344:v
2285:8
2245:.
2223::
2215::
2183:.
2158:.
2134:.
2105:.
2080:.
2048:.
2020:.
1998:.
1976:.
1950:.
1928:.
1873:.
1821:.
1755:.
1730:.
1676:.
1672::
1666:6
1603:.
1578:.
1341:)
1337:(
1035:e
1028:t
1021:v
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
