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512:, a Dutchman she had known for about a month. The two were married on July 14 at the Kensington registry office which was as soon as they could after their arrival in London without consulting their families. John Milholland was in New York at the time and heard about the marriage from the press. John insisted that the two get remarried in a church, but Inez refused. A complication arose when the couple returned to New York from London. Milholland was no longer an American citizen because the
226:, she was once suspended for organizing a women's rights meeting. The president of Vassar had forbidden suffrage meetings, but Milholland and others held regular "classes" on the issue, along with large protests and petitions. Defying the campus suffrage meeting ban, she convened one in a cemetery across the road. She started the suffrage movement at Vassar, enrolled two-thirds of the students, and taught them the principles of socialism. Milholland was president of the campus
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486:, whom she met at socialist and suffrage rallies. Inez told Max that she loved him and tried to convince him to elope with her. When he finally reciprocated her love and agreed to marry her, their relationship fell apart. They both realized they could not be lovers, but they did remain close lifelong friends.
237:, which were under the ban of the faculty. An athletic young woman, she was the captain of the hockey team and a member of the 1909 track team; she also set a record in the basketball throw. Milholland was also involved in student productions, the Current Topics Club, the German Club, and the debating team.
392:. She told men that they should not worry about the women in their lives as they were extending their sacred rights and duties to the whole country rather than inside the home. Even though she spoke of these issues, she was always disappointed that she was better known for her looks than her brains.
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Inez
Milholland received her early education at the Comstock School in New York and Kensington Secondary School in London. After finishing school, she decided to attend Vassar but when the college wouldn't accept her graduation certificate she attended Willard School for Girls in Berlin.
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prison. At the time, female contact with male prisoners was frowned upon, but she insisted on talking personally with the prisoners to uncover the horrible conditions. Additionally, she wanted to see what it felt like to be an inmate, so she had herself handcuffed to one.
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Milholland stepped into her first suffrage parade on May 7, 1911. She held a sign that read, "Forward, out of error,/Leave behind the night,/Forward through the darkness,/Forward into light!" Milholland quickly became the face of the suffrage movement. The
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Milholland believed that women should have the right to vote because of the traits that were unique to women. She argued that women would metaphorically become the "house-cleaners of the nation." She believed women's votes could remove social ills such as
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placed her at the head of the parade wearing a crown and a long white cape riding a large white horse named "Gray Dawn." Horses became a very common method of spreading information about the suffrage movement and other suffragists such as
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and became a war correspondent. Milholland worked to be allowed to visit the front lines in the war as she continued to write anti-war articles that led to her censure by the
Italian government, which banned her from the country.
202:. Milhollandâs father supported many reforms, among them world peace, civil rights, and women's suffrage. Her mother exposed her children to cultural and intellectual stimulation. Milholland spent summers on her family's land in
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Upon returning from Italy, Milholland suffered from bouts of depression. She felt that she had been barred from the front because she was a woman and not because she was a pacifist. She felt like she had returned a failure.
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and despite the admonitions of her family, who were concerned about her deteriorating health. On
October 22, 1916, she collapsed in the middle of a speech in Los Angeles, California, at Blanchard Hall and was rushed to
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Milholland was later admitted to the bar and joined the New York law firm of
Osborne, Lamb, and Garvan, handling criminal and divorce cases. In one of her first assignments, she was sent to investigate conditions at
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reporter and editorial writer who eventually headed a pneumatic tubes business that afforded his family a privileged life in both New York and London. In London she met and was impressed by the
English suffragist
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had been torpedoed by a German U-boat. After landing, the captain informed
Milholland that a German submarine followed them across the ocean. With this information, she began writing for the
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Milholland's causes were far reaching. She was not only interested in prison reform, but also sought world peace and worked for equality for
African Americans. Milholland was a member of the
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230:, which was dominated by women at the time and reflected their identification with the oppressed. For Milholland, socialism was "a vital means to correct the monster evils under the sun."
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Milholland did not stop flirting with other men after her marriage and often wrote to
Boissevain to tell him. Although Milholland adored children, the couple never had any of their own.
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expedition of late 1915, steaming across the
Atlantic with a team of pacifist campaigners who hoped to give impetus to a negotiated settlement to the First
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from March 8, 1913. Depicted are
Rosalie Gardiner Jones, Inez Milholland on a white horse, floats, and an aerial view of the Woman Suffrage Parade of 1913.
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765:"Inez Milholland Boissevain." Dictionary of American Biography. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1936. Gale U.S. History In Context. Web. Oct 6, 2011.
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and enjoyed traveling to Paris and buying Parisian couture gowns. Additionally, her views mirrored those of the New Woman when it came to sexual love.
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She told him she loved him but he didn't reciprocate right away. When he did tell her that he loved her, she was no longer interested.
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Nicolosi, Ann Marie "The Most Beautiful Sufragette: Inez Milholland and the Political Currency of Beauty." pp 287–310.
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Remembering Inez: The Last Campaign of Inez Millholland, Suffrage Martyr - Selections from The Suffragist, 1916
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The concluding words of her last suffrage speech were, âMr. President, how long must women wait for liberty?"
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with the purpose of studying law, but was denied due to her sex. Milholland was finally matriculated at the
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Nicolosi, Ann Marie "The Most Beautiful Sufragette: Inez Milholland and the Political Currency of Beauty."
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183:, New York, Inez Milholland grew up in a wealthy family. Known as Nan, she was the eldest daughter of
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as a symbolic herald. She was also a labor lawyer and a war correspondent, as well as a high-profile
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951:âAlice Paul Calls for 100 Martyrs Unafraid of Jail,â ââNew York Tribune,ââ August 2, 1918, image 9
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In the same way that she fell fast in love with Eastman, soon after she began seeing the author
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provided that if an American woman married a non-American, she took her husband's nationality.
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wrote a poem about Inez Milholland titled "Repetitions," which appears in his 1918 volume,
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became rising radical stars due to their handsome looks. Inez knew Max through his sister,
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619:. Upon the production's Broadway transfer, Hannah Cruz took over the role of Milholland.
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In 1916, she went on a tour in the West, speaking for women's rights as a member of the
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stated that "No suffrage parade was complete without Inez Milholland." Suffrage leader
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With the radical group she had gathered about her, she attended socialist meetings in
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devoted her time to suffrage work including going to prison for three days in 1917.
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had Inez lead parades in 1911, 1912, and 1913. On March 3, 1913, the day before
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of the age, with her avant-garde lifestyle and belief in free love. She died of
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in the beginning of the 20th century. She loved the new dance crazes of the
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351:'s inauguration, Milholland, 26, made her most memorable appearance, at the
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As a student, she was known as an active radical. During her attendance at
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899:"Los Angeles Herald 2 July 1914 â California Digital Newspaper Collection"
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Standing Together: Inez Milholland's Final Campaign for Women's Suffrage
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Inez Milholland's gravesite in the Lewis Cemetery, Lewis, New York, 2018
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Notable American Women, 1607-1950: A Biographical Dictionary, Volume 2
548:. Despite repeated blood transfusions, she died on November 25, 1916.
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in Washington, D.C. She was known as the 'Most Beautiful Suffragist'.
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In July, 1913 while on a cruise to London, Milholland proposed to
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in Washington D.C. which she had helped organize. Suffrage leader
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After graduating from Vassar in 1909, she tried for admission at
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Suffrage poster depicting Milholland Boissevain dressed for the
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http://vcencyclopedia.vassar.edu/alumni/inez-milholland.html
136:(August 6, 1886 â November 25, 1916) was a leading American
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Milholland traveled overseas to Italy at the beginning of
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Sidesaddles and suffragettes â the fight to ride and vote
888:(Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2004), p. 70.
702:. Half Moon Bay, CA: American Graphic Press. p. 15.
812:"She Was More Than Just the 'Most Beautiful Suffragist'"
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The Inez Milholland Professorship of Civil Liberties at
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In a tribute to Inez Milholland, Mount Discovery in the
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National American Woman Suffrage Association activists
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She Was More Than Just the âMost Beautiful Suffragistâ
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on a speaking tour, traveling against medical advice.
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Inez Milholland, on horseback, led the March 3, 1913
862:. Honesdale, PA: Calkins Creek. pp. 49, 70â71.
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and Jean Milholland nĂ©eâ Torry. She had one sister,
1219:"Burt Neuborne - Overview | NYU School of Law"
292:, which later branched into the grassroots radical
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1085:, Library of Congress, Retrieved 1 September 2016
364:rode horses to raise awareness for the movement.
191:, and one brother, John (Jack). Her father was a
848:; American National Biography Online. Feb. 2000.
539:. She undertook the tour despite suffering from
256:, from which she took her LL.B. degree in 1912.
531:Banner at Milholland's memorial service in 1916
724:Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era
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1260:Inez Milholland Portrait Restoration Planned
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290:National American Woman Suffrage Association
1041:Inez: The Life and Times of Inez Milholland
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963:Inez: The Life and Times of Inez Milholland
924:Inez: The Life and Times of Inez Milholland
885:Inez: The Life and Times of Inez Milholland
860:Alice Paul and the Fight for Women's Rights
795:Inez: The Life and Times of Inez Milholland
754:Inez: The Life and Times of Inez Milholland
599:portrayed Inez Milholland in the 2004 film
1256:, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University.
124: 1913–1916)
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478:By the fall of 1909, Inez Milholland and
151:as the principal issue of a wide-ranging
940:. Harvard University Press. p. 189.
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810:Meredith Mendelsohn (August 19, 2020).
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161:President Woodrow Wilson's inauguration
698:Cooney, Jr., Robert P.J., ed. (2015).
609:portrayed Inez Milholland in the 2022
155:agenda. In 1913, she led the dramatic
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670:Women's suffrage in the United States
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1166:O'Neal, Lonnae (February 27, 2013).
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645:List of suffragists and suffragettes
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1060:. November 26, 1916. Archived from
463:Inez Milholland became the classic
665:Women's Social and Political Union
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1369:Women's Trade Union League people
624:New York University School of Law
427:She was also a leading figure on
332:Woman's Journal and Suffrage News
254:New York University School of Law
228:Intercollegiate Socialist Society
1359:National Woman's Party activists
650:List of women's rights activists
1364:Activists from New York (state)
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27:American suffragist (1886â1916)
286:National Child Labor Committee
140:, lawyer, and peace activist.
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1379:20th-century American lawyers
1329:Deaths from pernicious anemia
1324:American women in World War I
846:"Boissevain, Inez Milholland"
502:March 3, 1913 suffrage parade
204:Lewis, Essex County, New York
1339:American socialist feminists
660:Timeline of women's suffrage
345:Harriot Eaton Stanton Blatch
1354:American anti-war activists
564:After she died, her sister
208:Meadowmount School of Music
159:on horseback in advance of
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1285:September 4, 2014, at the
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282:Women's Trade Union League
206:; the property is now the
134:Inez Milholland Boissevain
18:Inez Milholland Boissevain
936:James, Edward T. (1971).
844:Marilyn Elizabeth Perry.
353:Woman Suffrage Procession
270:Woman Suffrage Procession
157:Woman Suffrage Procession
143:From her college days at
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1374:New York (state) lawyers
1141:Millay, Edna St. Vincent
726:, July 2007. pp 287-310.
514:Expatriation Act of 1907
457:St. Louis Post-Dispatch,
362:Claiborne Catlin Elliman
349:President Woodrow Wilson
1334:Activists from Brooklyn
1295:by Jeanine Michna-Bales
1264:The Adirondack Almanack
1244:Inez Milholland Papers.
1217:Faculty Burt Neuborne.
1098:(1918). "Repetitions".
1054:"Long Struggle is Vain"
587:Edna St. Vincent Millay
546:Good Samaritan Hospital
1120:"Eugen Jan Boissevain"
858:Kops, Deborah (2017).
778:. Last modified 2006.
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185:John Elmer Milholland
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1252:May 9, 2012, at the
1145:"To Inez Milholland"
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591:The Buck in the Snow
510:Eugen Jan Boissevain
250:Cambridge University
111:Eugen Jan Boissevain
1247:Schlesinger Library
1172:The Washington Post
1104:. H. Holt. p.
1064:on October 21, 2012
1030:, pp. 94–100.
776:Vassar Encyclopedia
774:"Inez Milholland,"
640:History of feminism
504:in Washington, D.C.
179:Born and raised in
1289:, Horsetalk.co.nz.
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1274:The New York Times
1058:The New York Times
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200:Emmeline Pankhurst
86:, California, U.S.
1344:Boissevain family
1266:, April 23, 2010.
1221:. Its.law.nyu.edu
1197:Suffs The Musical
709:978-0-9770095-2-7
602:Iron Jawed Angels
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1177:January 14,
1101:Cornhuskers
1068:January 25,
908:December 3,
655:Suffragette
583:Cornhuskers
573:Adirondacks
480:Max Eastman
469:Turkey Trot
405:World War I
84:Los Angeles
1303:Categories
823:August 20,
676:References
433:Peace Ship
429:Henry Ford
370:sweatshops
357:Alice Paul
302:Lucy Burns
298:Alice Paul
175:Early life
138:suffragist
57:1886-08-06
1151:March 12,
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465:New Woman
437:World War
374:tenements
315:Sing Sing
214:Education
165:New Woman
153:socialist
92:Education
1283:Archived
1250:Archived
1125:June 17,
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756:, p. 39.
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455:of the
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386:poverty
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388:, and
382:hunger
308:Lawyer
280:, the
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523:Death
278:NAACP
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1179:2019
1153:2012
1127:2012
1070:2009
910:2019
864:ISBN
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