491:
78:
184:
313:
information. Confidentiality is often ensured with the use of cryptography and steganography of data. Confidentiality can be seen within the classification and information superiority with international operations such as NATO Information assurance confidentiality in the United States need to follow HIPAA and healthcare provider security policy
240:. These pillars are taken into account to protect systems while still allowing them to efficiently provide services; However, these pillars do not act independently from one another, rather they interfere with the goal of the other pillars. These pillars of information assurance have slowly changed to become referred to as the
460:
non-repudiation, etc. because of their conflicting nature an increase in security often comes at the expense of speed. Using information assurance in the business model improves reliable management decision-making, customer trust, business continuity and good governance in both public and private sectors.
336:
is the integrity of the data to be true to its origin, which prevents possible denial that an action occurred. Increasing non-repudiation makes it more difficult to deny that the information comes from a certain source. In other words, it making it so that you can not dispute the source/ authenticity
191:
In the beginning information assurance involved just the backing up of data. However once the volume of information increased, the act of information assurance began to become automated, reducing the use of operator intervention, allowing for the creation of instant backups. The last main development
287:
The pillar of availability refers to the preservation of data to be retrieved or modified from authorized individuals. Higher availability is preserved through an increase in storage system or channel reliability. Breaches in information availability can result from power outages, hardware failures,
175:
With the growth of telecommunication networks also comes the dependency on networks, which makes communities increasing vulnerable to cyber attacks that could interrupt, degrade or destroy vital services. Starting from the 1950s the role and use of information assurance has grown and evolved. These
256:
Authentication refers to the verification of the validity of a transmission, originator, or process within an information system. Authentication provides the recipient confidence in the data senders validity as well as the validity of their message. There exists many ways to bolster authentication,
211:
These three main developments of information assurance parallel the three generations of information technologies, the first used to prevent intrusions, the 2nd to detect intrusion and the 3rd for survivability. Information assurance is a collaborative effort of all sectors of life to allow a free
428:
After the risk management plan is implemented, it is tested and evaluated, often by means of formal audits. The IA process is an iterative one, in that the risk assessment and risk management plan are meant to be periodically revised and improved based on data gathered about their completeness and
374:
for those assets. Vulnerabilities in the information assets are determined in order to enumerate the threats capable of exploiting the assets. The assessment then considers both the probability and impact of a threat exploiting a vulnerability in an asset, with impact usually measured in terms of
273:
Integrity refers to the protection of information from unauthorized alteration. The goal of information integrity is to ensure data is accurate throughout its entire lifespan. User authentication is a critical enabler for information integrity. Information integrity is a function of the number of
459:
Many security executives in are firms are moving to a reliance on information assurance to protect intellectual property, protect against potential data leakage, and protect users against themselves. While the use of information assurance is good ensuring certain pillars like, confidentiality,
357:
As stated earlier the pillars do not interact independently of one another, with some pillars impeding on the functioning of other pillars or in the opposite case where they boost other pillars. For example, the increasing the availability of information works directly against the goals of three
278:
existing between the ends of an information exchange . One way information integrity risk is mitigated is through the use of redundant chip and software designs. A failure of authentication could pose a risk to information integrity as it would allow an unauthorized party to alter content. For
447:
breaks down into three main processes Risk
Assessment, Risk Mitigation and Evaluation and assessment. Information Assurance is one of the methodologies which organizations use to implement business risk management. Through the use of information assurance policies like the "BRICK" frame work.
312:
Confidentiality is in essence the opposite of
Integrity. Confidentiality is a security measure which protects against who is able to access the data, which is done by shielding who has access to the information. This is different from Integrity as integrity is shielding who can change the
279:
example, if a hospital has inadequate password policies, an unauthorized user could gain access to an information systems governing the delivery of medication to patients and risk altering the treatment course to the detriment of a particular patient.
455:
Information assurance can be aligned with corporates strategies through training and awareness, senior management involvement and support, and intra-organizational communication allowing for greater internal control and business risk management.
474:
There are a number of international and national bodies that issue standards on information assurance practices, policies, and procedures. In the UK, these include the
Information Assurance Advisory Council and the
1561:
Data
Encryption; Scientists at Chang Gung University Target Data Encryption. (2011, May). Information Technology Newsweekly,149. Retrieved October 30, 2011, from ProQuest Computing. (Document ID: 2350804731).
244:
As an administrator it is important to emphasize the pillars that you want in order to achieve your desired result for their information system, balancing the aspects of service, and
88:
Information assurance (IA) is the process of processing, storing, and transmitting the right information to the right people at the right time. IA relates to the business level and
413:, policies and procedures requiring such controls as regular backups and configuration hardening, employee training in security awareness, or organizing personnel into dedicated
92:
risk management of information and related systems, rather than the creation and application of security controls. IA is used to benefit business through the use of information
382:. This plan proposes countermeasures that involve mitigating, eliminating, accepting, or transferring the risks, and considers prevention, detection, and response to threats.
449:
602:
421:). The cost and benefit of each countermeasure is carefully considered. Thus, the IA practitioner does not seek to eliminate all risks; but, to manage them in the most
375:
cost to the asset's stakeholders. The sum of the products of the threats' impact and the probability of their occurring is the total risk to the information asset.
1623:
448:
Additionally, Business Risk
Management also occurs to comply with federal and international laws regarding the release and security of information such as
536:
476:
262:
100:, resilience, appropriate architecture, system safety, and security, which increases the utility of information to only their authorized users.
1426:"Disaster Experience and Hospital Information Systems: An Examination of Perceived Information Assurance, Risk, Resilience, and HIS Usefulness"
1618:
97:
1641:
526:
258:
292:, etc. The goal of high availability is to preserve access to information. Availability of information can be bolstered by the use of
905:
860:
414:
1636:
1154:
Yan, Aibin; Hu, Yuanjie; Cui, Jie; Chen, Zhili; Huang, Zhengfeng; Ni, Tianming; Girard, Patrick; Wen, Xiaoqing (2020-06-01).
1579:
1647:
496:
128:
1672:
1465:"Information Assurance and Corporate Strategy: A Delphi Study of Choices, Challenges, and Developments for the Future"
994:
66:
1203:"NATO Intelligence and Information Sharing: Improving NATO Strategy for Stabilization and Reconstruction Operations"
1156:"Information Assurance Through Redundant Design: A Novel TNU Error-Resilient Latch for Harsh Radiation Environment"
314:
104:
591:
576:
531:
516:
402:
844:
Foundations of
Intrusion Tolerant Systems, 2003 [Organically Assured and Survivable Information Systems]
342:
322:
201:
1511:
366:
The information assurance process typically begins with the enumeration and classification of the information
1379:"Semantic information assurance for secure distributed knowledge management: a business process perspective"
521:
37:) is the practice of assuring information and managing risks related to the use, processing, storage, and
596:
135:
as they relate to information systems. Further, IA is an interdisciplinary field requiring expertise in
120:
53:
of user data. IA encompasses both digital protections and physical techniques. These methods apply to
541:
406:
379:
241:
160:
112:
62:
1242:
Chen, Chin-Ling; Chiang, Mao-Lun; Hsieh, Hui-Ching; Liu, Ching-Cheng; Deng, Yong-Yuan (2020-05-08).
410:
193:
156:
1464:
1244:"A Lightweight Mutual Authentication with Wearable Device in Location-Based Mobile Edge Computing"
1539:
1527:
1492:
1406:
1359:
1295:
1271:
1183:
1136:
1060:
975:
911:
866:
823:
152:
1294:
Such, Jose M.; Gouglidis, Antonios; Knowles, William; Misra, Gaurav; Rashid, Awais (July 2016).
1531:
1484:
1445:
1398:
1351:
1263:
1224:
1175:
1128:
1120:
1041:
967:
901:
856:
815:
740:
690:
648:
586:
581:
561:
505:
367:
301:
132:
38:
841:
Luenam, P.; Peng Liu (2003). "The design of an adaptive intrusion tolerant database system".
1594:
1523:
1476:
1437:
1390:
1343:
1307:
1255:
1214:
1167:
1112:
1072:
1031:
959:
893:
848:
807:
774:
732:
682:
275:
148:
444:
371:
333:
237:
233:
205:
93:
54:
50:
46:
886:"Incentive-based modeling and inference of attacker intent, objectives, and strategies"
422:
338:
229:
197:
42:
794:
Chakraborty, Rajarshi; Ramireddy, Srilakshmi; Raghu, T.S.; Rao, H.Raghav (July 2010).
1666:
1275:
1187:
546:
398:
81:
17:
1543:
1496:
1410:
1363:
979:
870:
1441:
1140:
915:
827:
318:
297:
293:
221:
58:
1480:
1219:
1202:
1076:
1631:
1425:
1243:
164:
1383:
IEEE Transactions on
Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part A: Systems and Humans
1378:
1331:
1311:
1259:
1100:
842:
779:
762:
720:
670:
1394:
1116:
890:
Proceedings of the 10th ACM conference on
Computer and communications security
852:
486:
140:
1535:
1488:
1449:
1402:
1355:
1267:
1228:
1179:
1155:
1124:
1045:
1036:
1019:
971:
819:
744:
694:
652:
1598:
1171:
736:
686:
556:
225:
1132:
885:
77:
947:
897:
795:
490:
963:
811:
551:
346:
136:
89:
1565:
Stephenson (2010). "Authentication: A pillar of information assurance".
1510:
Ezingeard, Jean-Noël; McFadzean, Elspeth; Birchall, David (March 2005).
1463:
McFadzean, Elspeth; Ezingeard, Jean-Noël; Birchall, David (2011-04-08).
1347:
1201:
Hanna, Michael; Granzow, David; Bolte, Bjorn; Alvarado, Andrew (2017).
571:
469:
394:
386:
378:
With the risk assessment complete, the IA practitioner then develops a
245:
116:
183:
385:
A framework published by a standards organization, such as NIST RMF,
177:
124:
1061:"IS practitioners' views on core concepts of information integrity"
637:"HOW TO INCREASE THE INFORMATION ASSURANCE IN THE INFORMATION AGE"
510:
433:
418:
390:
182:
144:
108:
76:
41:
of information. Information assurance includes protection of the
1296:"Information assurance techniques: Perceived cost effectiveness"
995:"Information Assurance Benefits and Challenges: An Introduction"
796:"The Information Assurance Practices of Cloud Computing Vendors"
566:
289:
27:
Multi-disciplinary methods for decision support systems security
1626:
Risk management and accreditation of information systems (2005)
261:
such as a person's name, address telephone number, access to a
196:
for the processing and storage of data through techniques like
358:
other pillars: integrity, authentication and confidentiality.
1018:
San
Nicolas-Rocca, Tonia; Burkhard, Richard J (2019-06-17).
341:
while that data is in transit, usually through the use of a
1660:
Information assurance has also evolved due to social media
432:
There are two meta-techniques with information assurance:
370:
to be protected. Next, the IA practitioner will perform a
1101:"Information assurance in biomedical informatics systems"
763:"Information assurance in a distributed forensic cluster"
1099:
Schou, C.D.; Frost, J.; Maconachy, W.V. (January 2004).
1424:
Park, Insu; Sharman, Raj; Rao, H. Raghav (2015-02-02).
1330:
Johnson, M. E.; Goetz, E.; Pfleeger, S. L. (May 2009).
1065:
International
Journal of Accounting Information Systems
176:
feedback loop practices were employed while developing
1653:
948:"Conflicts Among the Pillars of Information Assurance"
220:
Information assurance is built between five pillars:
65:(i.e. umbrella term), and as the business outcome of
993:
Sadiku, Matthew; Alam, Shumon; Musa, Sarhan (2017).
636:
470:
IT risk § Standards Organizations and Standards
417:(CERT) or computer security incident response team (
84:: one of the common information assurance schematics
892:. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press. p. 179.
671:"Information assurance in the twenty-first century"
337:of data. Non-repudiation involves the reduction to
603:Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
1105:IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine
57:, both physical and electronic forms, as well as
1637:Information Assurance XML Schema Markup Language
1332:"Security through Information Risk Management"
761:Pringle, Nick; Burgess, Mikhaila (May 2014).
8:
1512:"A Model of Information Assurance Benefits"
257:mainly breaking down into three main ways,
1218:
1035:
778:
537:Information Assurance Vulnerability Alert
477:Information Assurance Collaboration Group
192:of information assurance is implementing
61:. IA is best thought of as a superset of
1580:"The Evolution of Information Assurance"
1528:10.1201/1078/45099.22.2.20050301/87274.3
721:"The evolution of information assurance"
265:, or known information, like passwords.
641:Journal of Defense Resources Management
620:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1086:
464:Standards organizations and standards
7:
1024:Information Technology and Libraries
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
756:
754:
714:
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
664:
662:
630:
628:
626:
624:
405:may include technical tools such as
103:Besides defending against malicious
1377:Singh, R.; Salam, A.F. (May 2006).
1020:"Information Security in Libraries"
527:Factor Analysis of Information Risk
259:personally identifiable information
180:military decision support systems.
167:, in addition to computer science.
1207:Connections: The Quarterly Journal
1059:Boritz, J. Efrim (December 2005).
25:
1656:Archive of Information Assurance
1654:Archive of Information Assurance
1248:Wireless Personal Communications
489:
415:computer emergency response team
884:Liu, Peng; Zang, Wanyu (2003).
1516:Information Systems Management
1469:Information Systems Management
1160:IEEE Transactions on Computers
946:Wilson, Kelce S. (July 2013).
719:Cummings, R. (December 2002).
599:for cyber security investments
45:, availability, authenticity,
1:
497:Business and economics portal
212:and equal exchange of ideas.
111:), IA practitioners consider
1481:10.1080/10580530.2011.562127
1220:10.11610/connections.16.4.01
1077:10.1016/j.accinf.2005.07.001
669:McConnell, M. (April 2002).
300:, off site capabilities and
635:Sosin, Artur (2018-04-01).
119:, regulatory and standards
67:information risk management
1689:
1624:HMG INFOSEC STANDARD NO. 2
1442:10.25300/misq/2015/39.2.03
1312:10.1016/j.cose.2016.03.009
1260:10.1007/s11277-020-07240-2
780:10.1016/j.diin.2014.03.005
467:
242:pillars of Cyber Security.
187:OODA Feedback Loop Diagram
1395:10.1109/TSMCA.2006.871792
1117:10.1109/MEMB.2004.1297181
853:10.1109/fits.2003.1264925
577:Risk management framework
532:Fair information practice
517:Countermeasure (computer)
401:, may guide development.
1578:Cummings, Roger (2002).
1300:Computers & Security
1037:10.6017/ital.v38i2.10973
847:. IEEE. pp. 14–21.
445:Business Risk Management
440:Business Risk Management
343:man-in-the-middle attack
1599:10.1109/MC.2002.1106181
1172:10.1109/tc.2020.2966200
737:10.1109/MC.2002.1106181
687:10.1109/MC.2002.1012425
522:Decision support system
353:Interactions of Pillars
321:regulations to ensure
188:
85:
1644:Information Assurance
1642:DoD Directive 8500.01
1336:IEEE Security Privacy
898:10.1145/948109.948135
767:Digital Investigation
436:and risk assessment.
186:
80:
31:Information assurance
18:Information Assurance
964:10.1109/mitp.2012.24
812:10.1109/mitp.2010.44
681:(4): supl16–supl19.
542:Information security
380:risk management plan
315:information labeling
161:security engineering
113:corporate governance
63:information security
1650:DoD IA Policy Chart
1648:DoD IA Policy Chart
1348:10.1109/MSP.2009.77
411:anti-virus software
194:distributed systems
157:systems engineering
143:, user experience,
129:business continuity
1673:IT risk management
189:
153:management science
86:
597:Gordon–Loeb model
582:Security controls
562:Mission assurance
506:Asset (computing)
302:continuous signal
133:disaster recovery
82:The McCumber Cube
16:(Redirected from
1680:
1602:
1584:
1574:
1548:
1547:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1327:
1316:
1315:
1291:
1280:
1279:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1222:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1096:
1081:
1080:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1039:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1005:
990:
984:
983:
943:
920:
919:
881:
875:
874:
838:
832:
831:
791:
785:
784:
782:
758:
749:
748:
716:
699:
698:
666:
657:
656:
632:
499:
494:
493:
325:of information.
276:degrees-of-trust
149:forensic science
107:and code (e.g.,
98:trust management
21:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1663:
1662:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1582:
1577:
1564:
1552:
1551:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1329:
1328:
1319:
1293:
1292:
1283:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1098:
1097:
1084:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1003:
1001:
992:
991:
987:
952:IT Professional
945:
944:
923:
908:
883:
882:
878:
863:
840:
839:
835:
800:IT Professional
793:
792:
788:
760:
759:
752:
718:
717:
702:
668:
667:
660:
634:
633:
622:
612:
607:
495:
488:
485:
472:
466:
442:
429:effectiveness.
403:Countermeasures
372:risk assessment
364:
355:
331:
329:Non-repudiation
310:
308:Confidentiality
285:
271:
254:
234:confidentiality
218:
206:cloud computing
173:
115:issues such as
94:risk management
75:
55:data in transit
51:confidentiality
47:non-repudiation
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1686:
1684:
1676:
1675:
1665:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1608:External links
1606:
1604:
1603:
1575:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1502:
1475:(2): 102–129.
1455:
1436:(2): 317–344.
1416:
1389:(3): 472–486.
1369:
1317:
1281:
1254:(1): 575–598.
1234:
1193:
1166:(6): 789–799.
1146:
1111:(1): 110–118.
1082:
1071:(4): 260–279.
1051:
1010:
985:
921:
906:
876:
861:
833:
786:
750:
700:
658:
619:
618:
617:
616:
611:
608:
606:
605:
600:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
508:
502:
501:
500:
484:
481:
468:Main article:
465:
462:
441:
438:
423:cost-effective
363:
360:
354:
351:
339:data integrity
334:Nonrepudiation
330:
327:
309:
306:
284:
281:
270:
267:
253:
252:Authentication
250:
238:nonrepudiation
230:authentication
217:
214:
172:
169:
74:
71:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1685:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1632:IA References
1630:
1625:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1619:UK Government
1617:
1616:
1613:Documentation
1612:
1607:
1600:
1596:
1593:(12): 65–72.
1592:
1588:
1581:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1553:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1506:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1459:
1456:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1430:MIS Quarterly
1427:
1420:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1150:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1014:
1011:
1000:
996:
989:
986:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
922:
917:
913:
909:
907:1-58113-738-9
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
880:
877:
872:
868:
864:
862:0-7695-2057-X
858:
854:
850:
846:
845:
837:
834:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
790:
787:
781:
776:
772:
768:
764:
757:
755:
751:
746:
742:
738:
734:
731:(12): 65–72.
730:
726:
722:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
705:
701:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
665:
663:
659:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
631:
629:
627:
625:
621:
614:
613:
609:
604:
601:
598:
595:
593:
592:Vulnerability
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
547:ISO/IEC 27001
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
498:
492:
487:
482:
480:
478:
471:
463:
461:
457:
453:
451:
446:
439:
437:
435:
430:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
399:ISO/IEC 27002
396:
392:
388:
383:
381:
376:
373:
369:
361:
359:
352:
350:
348:
344:
340:
335:
328:
326:
324:
323:nondisclosure
320:
316:
307:
305:
303:
299:
298:data channels
295:
291:
282:
280:
277:
268:
266:
264:
260:
251:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
215:
213:
209:
207:
203:
199:
195:
185:
181:
179:
170:
168:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
147:examination,
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
101:
99:
95:
91:
83:
79:
72:
70:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
19:
1659:
1590:
1586:
1570:
1566:
1555:Bibliography
1522:(2): 20–29.
1519:
1515:
1505:
1472:
1468:
1458:
1433:
1429:
1419:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1342:(3): 45–52.
1339:
1335:
1303:
1299:
1251:
1247:
1237:
1210:
1206:
1196:
1163:
1159:
1149:
1108:
1104:
1068:
1064:
1054:
1030:(2): 58–71.
1027:
1023:
1013:
1002:. Retrieved
998:
988:
958:(4): 44–49.
955:
951:
889:
879:
843:
836:
806:(4): 29–37.
803:
799:
789:
770:
766:
728:
724:
678:
674:
647:(1): 45–57.
644:
640:
473:
458:
454:
443:
431:
427:
384:
377:
365:
356:
332:
319:need-to-know
311:
294:backup power
286:
283:Availability
272:
255:
222:availability
219:
210:
190:
174:
102:
87:
59:data at rest
39:transmission
34:
30:
29:
1567:SC Magazine
1306:: 117–133.
1213:(4): 5–34.
773:: S36–S44.
513:(benchmark)
204:plus using
165:criminology
1004:2020-11-28
610:References
141:accounting
121:compliance
1536:1058-0530
1489:1058-0530
1450:0276-7783
1403:1083-4427
1356:1558-4046
1276:218934756
1268:0929-6212
1229:1812-1098
1188:214408357
1180:0018-9340
1125:0739-5175
1046:2163-5226
999:procon.bg
972:1520-9202
820:1520-9202
745:0018-9162
695:0018-9162
653:2068-9403
557:ISO 17799
407:firewalls
269:Integrity
263:key token
226:integrity
171:Evolution
90:strategic
43:integrity
1667:Category
1587:Computer
1573:(1): 55.
1544:31840083
1497:11624922
1411:10191333
1364:30062820
1133:15154266
980:27170966
871:14058057
725:Computer
675:Computer
552:ISO 9001
483:See also
347:phishing
296:, spare
137:business
125:auditing
73:Overview
1141:7746947
916:3897784
828:8059538
572:Risk IT
395:PCI DSS
387:Risk IT
362:Process
246:privacy
216:Pillars
117:privacy
109:viruses
105:hackers
1542:
1534:
1495:
1487:
1448:
1409:
1401:
1362:
1354:
1274:
1266:
1227:
1186:
1178:
1139:
1131:
1123:
1044:
978:
970:
914:
904:
869:
859:
826:
818:
743:
693:
651:
587:Threat
368:assets
178:WWMCCS
163:, and
131:, and
1583:(PDF)
1540:S2CID
1493:S2CID
1407:S2CID
1360:S2CID
1272:S2CID
1184:S2CID
1137:S2CID
976:S2CID
912:S2CID
867:S2CID
824:S2CID
615:Notes
511:COBIT
450:HIPAA
434:audit
425:way.
419:CSIRT
391:CobiT
145:fraud
1532:ISSN
1485:ISSN
1446:ISSN
1399:ISSN
1352:ISSN
1264:ISSN
1225:ISSN
1176:ISSN
1129:PMID
1121:ISSN
1042:ISSN
968:ISSN
902:ISBN
857:ISBN
816:ISSN
741:ISSN
691:ISSN
649:ISSN
567:Risk
409:and
317:and
290:DDOS
236:and
200:and
198:SANs
49:and
1595:doi
1524:doi
1477:doi
1438:doi
1391:doi
1344:doi
1308:doi
1256:doi
1252:113
1215:doi
1168:doi
1113:doi
1073:doi
1032:doi
960:doi
894:doi
849:doi
808:doi
775:doi
733:doi
683:doi
397:or
345:or
202:NAS
1669::
1591:35
1589:.
1585:.
1571:21
1569:.
1538:.
1530:.
1520:22
1518:.
1514:.
1491:.
1483:.
1473:28
1471:.
1467:.
1444:.
1434:39
1432:.
1428:.
1405:.
1397:.
1387:36
1385:.
1381:.
1358:.
1350:.
1338:.
1334:.
1320:^
1304:60
1302:.
1298:.
1284:^
1270:.
1262:.
1250:.
1246:.
1223:.
1211:16
1209:.
1205:.
1182:.
1174:.
1164:69
1162:.
1158:.
1135:.
1127:.
1119:.
1109:23
1107:.
1103:.
1085:^
1067:.
1063:.
1040:.
1028:38
1026:.
1022:.
997:.
974:.
966:.
956:15
954:.
950:.
924:^
910:.
900:.
888:.
865:.
855:.
822:.
814:.
804:12
802:.
798:.
771:11
769:.
765:.
753:^
739:.
729:35
727:.
723:.
703:^
689:.
679:35
677:.
673:.
661:^
643:.
639:.
623:^
479:.
452:.
393:,
389:,
349:.
304:.
248:.
232:,
228:,
224:,
208:.
159:,
155:,
151:,
139:,
127:,
123:,
96:,
69:.
35:IA
1601:.
1597::
1546:.
1526::
1499:.
1479::
1452:.
1440::
1413:.
1393::
1366:.
1346::
1340:7
1314:.
1310::
1278:.
1258::
1231:.
1217::
1190:.
1170::
1143:.
1115::
1079:.
1075::
1069:6
1048:.
1034::
1007:.
982:.
962::
918:.
896::
873:.
851::
830:.
810::
783:.
777::
747:.
735::
697:.
685::
655:.
645:9
33:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
