365:
best interests of patients and health care professionals. Specifically, the paper urged creation of incentives to support antibiotic research and development; new rapid diagnostic tests to more quickly diagnose patients; greater coordination of government agencies to support surveillance, data collection, research, and prevention and control; and aggressive promotion of the judicious use of currently available antibiotics. IDSA's policy paper also proposed the creation of an
Antimicrobial Innovation and Conservation (AIC) Fee that would help pay for antibiotic R&D and stewardship efforts necessary to make progress against antibiotic resistance.
361:(FDA) has long delayed publishing workable guidance describing how companies should design antibiotic clinical trials. Moreover, once a new antibiotic makes it to market, physicians hold it in reserve for only the worst cases rather than rushing to use it on all their patients due to fear of drug resistance. These economic and regulatory disincentives have made it far too difficult for companies to continue developing new antibiotics. It is estimated that the cost to the U.S. health care system of antibiotic resistant infections is $ 21 billion to $ 34 billion each year and more than 8 million additional hospital days.
38:
143:
415:
the situation. Collaborations are formed between the regulatory bodies and pharmaceutical industry with funding and added incentives. The IDSA's prognosis for sustainable R&D infrastructure for antibiotics development will depend upon clarification of FDA regulatory clinical trial guidance which would facilitate the speedy approval of new drugs, and the appropriate economic incentives for the pharmaceuticals companies to invest in this endeavor.
163:. It was founded in 1963 and is based in Arlington, Virginia. As of 2018, IDSA had more than 11,000 members from across the United States and nearly 100 other countries on six different continents. IDSA's purpose is to improve the health of individuals, communities, and society by promoting excellence in patient care, education, research, public health, and prevention relating to infectious diseases. It is a
459:, the bacterium that causes Lyme disease. Groups of patients and physicians who support the concept of chronic Lyme disease have organized to lobby for recognition of this diagnosis, as well as to argue for insurance coverage of long-term antibiotic therapy. Such groups have been critical of the IDSA guidelines on Lyme disease.
895:
414:
bacteria, and these drugs do not address the entire spectrum of the resistance developed by those bacteria. Some of these seven new antibiotics are combination of existent antibiotics. There are positive signs that the governments and health authorities in US and Europe have recognized the urgency of
497:
Pursuant to their agreement with
Blumenthal, the IDSA guidelines were reviewed by an independent panel subject to strict conflict-of-interest guidelines and vetted by a medical ethicist. The panel unanimously supported the original IDSA guidelines, finding that "chronic Lyme disease" and "post Lyme
372:
In addition to the 10 x '20 Initiative, IDSA supports legislative and administrative efforts to strengthen the U.S. response to antimicrobial resistance, such as enhanced coordination and leadership, surveillance, prevention and control, and research efforts. IDSA also promotes the establishment of
422:
research. Low financial returns on antibiotic research caused stock prices to go down, and companies had abandoned antibiotic research and development. In turn, this put pressure on the few remaining companies to deliver new antibiotics. The IDSA proposed that the government create incentives that
381:
In a followed up policy report released on April 17, 2013, titled "10 X '20 Progress â Development of New Drugs Active
Against Gram-Negative Bacilli: An Update From the Infectious Diseases Society of America", IDSA expressed grave concern over the weak pipeline of antibiotics to combat the growing
364:
On May 1, 2011, IDSA published a policy paper titled "Combating
Antimicrobial Resistance: Policy Recommendations to Save Lives" in Clinical Infectious Diseases. The paper detailed the organization's recommendations for specific public policy strategies and research activities needed to promote the
477:
and of unduly dismissing alternative therapies and "chronic" Lyme disease. Blumenthal's investigation was closed on May 1, 2008, without charges when the IDSA agreed to submit its guidelines for review by a panel of independent scientists and physicians. Though it found no relevant conflicts of
313:
to fund programs for prevention and public health activities. The fund supports programs that prevent, monitor, and respond to infectious diseases, including immunization programs; responses to outbreaks of "vaccine-preventable illnesses"; adult immunization registries; managing emerging health
215:
with 125 charter members and guests. Rantz was elected as president, but he nominated
Finland instead, and Kass served as secretary and treasurer. Edward C. Curnen, MD, Mark H. Lepper, MD, Samuel P. Martin, MD, David E. Rogers, MD, Monroe J. Romansky, MD, and Alex J. Steigman, MD were the first
368:
Throughout 2012, IDSA garnered support of several medical organizations and pharmaceutical companies for a new FDA approval pathway, called the
Limited Population Antibacterial Drug mechanism, to address an unmet medical need by speeding up development of antibiotics to treat patients who have
285:
researchers and specialists, and funds research fellowships for junior investigators in infectious diseases. With the support of a CDC grant IDSA entertains a listserv for infectious disease physicians called
Emerging Infections Network. It allows members to check on unusual clinical events, a
356:
According to IDSA, new antibiotic development has slowed to a standstill due to market failure and regulatory disincentives. Antibiotics aren't as profitable as other drugs (e.g., drugs to treat chronic conditions such as diabetes or asthma, which patients take for years). Also, the U.S.
498:
syndrome" lack clear definitions and convincing biological evidence. Further, the report emphasized that several prospective clinical trials of prolonged antibiotic therapy for persistently symptomatic patients uniformly showed evidence of harm without convincing evidence of benefit.
348:
In 2010, IDSA launched the 10 x '20 Initiative, which seeks a global commitment to create an antibiotic research and development enterprise powerful enough to produce 10 new systemic antibiotics by the year 2020. The initiative was launched as a response to the growing problem of
1245:"Recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of Lyme borreliosis: guidelines and consensus papers guidelines and consensus papers from specialist societies and ex from specialist societies and expert groups in pert groups in Europe and North America Europe and North America"
902:
386:(GNB), to develop resistance to antibiotics. Since 2009, only 2 new antibiotics were approved in United States, and the number of new antibiotics annually approved for marketing continues to decline. The report could identify only seven antibiotics currently in
369:
serious infections for which therapeutic options are insufficient. The LPAD mechanism would allow for testing a drug's safety and effectiveness in smaller, shorter, and less expensive clinical trials, similar to the Orphan Drug
Program.
1103:
Wormser, Gary P.; Strle, Franc; Shapiro, Eugene D.; Auwaerter, Paul G. (1 October 2021). "Comparison of the clinical practice guidelines for Lyme disease from the
Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2000, 2006, and 2020".
377:
programs and integration of good stewardship practices in every health care facility across the United States and is working to eliminate inappropriate uses of antibiotics in food, animals and other aspects of agriculture.
1498:
588:
1577:
478:
interests and stood behind its guidelines, IDSA cited mounting legal costs and the difficulty of presenting scientific arguments in a legal setting as their rationale for accepting the settlement. A
269:
The IDSA holds an annual meeting featuring presentations by experts in various aspects of infectious diseases, as well as original research abstracts and panel discussions. The IDSA also issues
1064:"The clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention of lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and babesiosis: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America"
728:
306:(CDC). Auwaerter said, "âĶa significant cut to the fund will have a very troubling impact on CDC efforts to prevent infections and respond to outbreaks in communities and health care settings."
1557:
207:, the president of ASM, expressed interest in forming an infectious diseases division within the ASM. Dr. Finland formed a planning committee. Lowell A. Rantz, MD, chaired the committee with
758:
1547:
1041:
302:(PPHF). Paul Auwaerter, then-president of IDSA, said that the cut would hurt both public health and national security. The PPHF fund comprises over 12 percent of the budget of the
1195:
1494:
490:
described
Blumenthal's investigation of the IDSA as an example of the "politicization of health policy" against the weight of scientific evidence, and voiced concern over a
281:, and promotes the scientific study of vaccination and access to important childhood vaccines. The Society sponsors the HIV Medicine Association (HIVMA), an organization of
1141:"Practice parameter: treatment of nervous system Lyme disease (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology"
1567:
314:
issues such as food-borne infection outbreaks and waterborne diseases; and programs that support Alzheimer's, diabetes, heart disease, and stroke prevention strategies.
1311:
881:
1542:
577:
486:
484:
piece described Blumenthal's investigation as "intimidation" of scientists by Blumenthal, an elected official with close ties to Lyme advocacy groups. The
184:
1582:
1572:
440:
310:
303:
1170:
1552:
720:
1191:
982:
Boucher, Helen; Talbot, George; Benjamin, Daniel; Bradley, John; Guidos, Robert; Jones, Ronald; Murray, Barbara; Bonomo, Robert; et al. (2013).
658:
750:
556:
984:"10 X '20 Progress â Development of New Drugs Active Against Gram-Negative Bacilli: An Update From the Infectious Diseases Society of America"
1329:
1033:
211:, MS, PhD, MD, as the secretary. The committee decided to create an organization independent of ASM. In October 1963, the committee met in
1372:
526:
245:
188:
298:
On November 3, 2017, the U.S. House passed a bill, H.R. 3922 (the "CHAMPIONING Healthy Kids Act") that cuts $ 6.35 billion from the
196:
927:
1434:
Kraemer JD, Gostin LO (February 2009). "Science, politics, and values: the politicization of professional practice guidelines".
1251:
180:
452:
257:
615:
444:
436:
1473:
1221:
447:, and medical groups around the world similarly recommend against such treatment. However, a discredited view holds that
988:
463:
358:
233:
299:
1562:
387:
287:
270:
159:) is a medical association representing physicians, scientists, and other healthcare professionals who specialize in
318:
37:
112:
1276:
Feder HM, Johnson BJ, O'Connell S; et al. (October 2007). "A critical appraisal of "chronic Lyme disease"".
957:
374:
334:
322:
290:
by connecting members to the CDC and other public health investigators and it is capable of queries and surveys.
192:
806:
338:
66:
1139:
Halperin JJ, Shapiro ED, Logigian E, Belman AL, Dotevall L, Wormser GP, Krupp L, Gronseth G, Bever CT (2007).
1140:
784:
473:
investigation against the IDSA, accusing the authors of the 2006 IDSA Lyme disease guidelines of undisclosed
662:
491:
1199:
1305:
875:
548:
383:
350:
278:
200:
1339:
692:
1395:"Danger ahead: politics intrude in Infectious Diseases Society of America guideline for Lyme disease"
474:
448:
17:
636:
212:
76:
1470:"IDSA Final Report of the Lyme Disease Review Panel of the Infectious diseases Society of America"
466:
410:
274:
203:
and proposed a new dinner group to discuss other topics related to infectious diseases. In 1962,
160:
1451:
1416:
1334:
1293:
1162:
1121:
1085:
1015:
863:
480:
1443:
1406:
1285:
1152:
1113:
1075:
1005:
997:
853:
845:
1364:
518:
619:
225:
204:
142:
1157:
1117:
1010:
983:
931:
930:(Press release). Infectious Diseases Society of America. April 12, 2012. Archived from
858:
833:
423:
reward and support private sector work toward a "robust, renewable antibiotic supply."
208:
176:
721:"Steep cuts to Prevention and Public Health Fund as part of House bill draws concerns"
1536:
1244:
342:
432:
612:
1469:
1213:
419:
398:
1495:"Special Review Panel Unanimously Upholds Lyme Disease Treatment Guidelines"
470:
431:
Since 2000, IDSA has recommended against long-term antibiotic treatment for
164:
1455:
1447:
1420:
1297:
1166:
1125:
1089:
1019:
867:
896:"Combating Antimicrobial Resistance: Policy Recommendations to Save Lives"
834:"Combating Antimicrobial Resistance: Policy Recommendations to Save Lives"
341:
as one of the three greatest threats to human health. IDSA has identified
1289:
1001:
849:
404:
392:
953:
810:
195:
to discuss infectious disease topics. Another group formed from the
1411:
1394:
1080:
1063:
1062:
Wormser GP, Dattwyler RJ, Shapiro ED, et al. (November 2006).
780:
262:
250:
238:
1034:"Fewer companies support antibiotic drug research, development"
435:, finding that it is ineffective and potentially harmful. The
282:
751:"Antibiotic Resistance Called Growing Threat to Human Health"
390:
2 or phase 3 clinical trials to treat the GNB which includes
684:
133:
1525:
455:, mostly in people without any evidence of infection with
1497:. Infectious Diseases Society of America. 22 April 2010.
901:. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Archived from
809:. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Archived from
661:. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Archived from
632:
1578:
Non-profit organizations based in Arlington, Virginia
1196:
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
251:
The Journal of Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic
199:'s (ASM) antibiotics meetings discussed advances in
832:Spellberg, Blaser, Guidos; et al. (May 2011).
128:
118:
106:
96:
82:
72:
62:
44:
1558:Medical and health organizations based in Virginia
928:"Drug Companies, Health Groups Back IDSA Proposal"
781:"Antibiotic Development: The 10 x '20 Initiative"
294:Support for the Prevention and Public Health Fund
418:In 2018, the IDSA put out a new statement about
353:and the lack of development of new antibiotics.
263:Open Forum Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic
1548:Medical associations based in the United States
345:resistance as a priority for the organization.
175:The IDSA was formed from two different groups.
1106:Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease
239:Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic
494:on future decisions by medical associations.
8:
1365:"Lyme treatment accord ends antitrust probe"
1310:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
880:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
513:
511:
30:
977:
975:
487:Journal of the American Medical Association
185:American Society for Clinical Investigation
1218:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
996:(12). Oxford University Press: 1685â1694.
956:. Infectious Diseases Society of America.
783:. Infectious Diseases Society of America.
635:. Infectious Diseases Society of America.
441:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
304:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
141:
36:
29:
1410:
1358:
1356:
1323:
1321:
1156:
1079:
1009:
857:
181:American Federation for Clinical Research
179:and a group that included members of the
1568:1963 establishments in the United States
761:from the original on September 25, 2012
507:
1543:Learned societies of the United States
1303:
1214:"Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome"
873:
787:from the original on December 30, 2012
594:from the original on December 26, 2019
523:Infectious Diseases Society of America
325:joined the IDSA in opposing the cuts.
153:Infectious Diseases Society of America
31:Infectious Diseases Society of America
639:from the original on January 30, 2012
18:Infectious Disease Society of America
7:
1257:from the original on 21 January 2022
714:
712:
710:
529:from the original on 8 February 2023
382:ability of bacteria, especially the
1192:""Chronic Lyme Disease" Fact Sheet"
807:"Facts about Antibiotic Resistance"
329:Combatting Antimicrobial Resistance
273:, advocates the development of new
216:councilors, and the IDSA was born.
1158:10.1212/01.wnl.0000265517.66976.28
1118:10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115446
317:Several organizations such as the
246:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
189:Association of American Physicians
25:
1583:501(c)(6) nonprofit organizations
1573:Organizations established in 1963
960:from the original on May 27, 2012
427:Lyme disease treatment guidelines
300:Prevention and Public Health Fund
197:American Society for Microbiology
1553:Infectious disease organizations
1501:from the original on 9 June 2021
1198:. April 17, 2009. Archived from
695:from the original on 1 July 2014
277:and attention to the problem of
124:Tina Tan, MD, FIDSA, FPIDS, FAAP
1476:from the original on 2012-06-29
1375:from the original on 2008-06-11
1363:Landers, Susan J (2008-06-09).
1224:from the original on 2017-06-17
1173:from the original on 2009-08-04
1044:from the original on 2021-02-26
749:Sinha, Vidushi (May 17, 2010).
731:from the original on 2021-01-17
559:from the original on 2019-05-04
309:The PPHF was created under the
719:Williams, Terri (2017-11-29).
453:medically unexplained symptoms
451:is responsible for a range of
258:Open Forum Infectious Diseases
1:
685:"Emerging Infections Network"
445:National Institutes of Health
437:American Academy of Neurology
224:IDSA publishes the following
1328:Whelan, David (2007-03-12).
989:Clinical Infectious Diseases
464:Connecticut Attorney General
359:Food and Drug Administration
271:clinical practice guidelines
234:Clinical Infectious Diseases
113:Steven K. Schmitt, MD, FIDSA
689:Emerging Infections Network
288:emerging infectious disease
220:Publications and activities
50:; 61 years ago
1599:
1393:Klein JO (November 2008).
1038:Homeland Preparedness News
954:"Antimicrobial Resistance"
725:Homeland Preparedness News
319:American Heart Association
375:antimicrobial stewardship
335:World Health Organization
323:American Lung Association
193:Atlantic City, New Jersey
35:
339:antimicrobial resistance
67:Professional association
578:"IRS Form 990 for 2018"
1448:10.1001/jama.301.6.665
844:(suppl 5): S397âS428.
633:"IDSA Meeting Website"
622:â Retrieved 2017-01-25
1369:American Medical News
755:Voice of America News
549:"Forming The Society"
475:conflicts of interest
384:Gram-negative bacilli
351:antibiotic resistance
279:antibiotic resistance
201:antimicrobial therapy
1290:10.1056/NEJMra072023
519:"Board of Directors"
457:Borrelia Burgdorferi
449:chronic Lyme disease
311:Affordable Care Act
275:antimicrobial drugs
213:Warrenton, Virginia
191:met each spring in
161:infectious diseases
77:Arlington, Virginia
32:
27:Medical association
1563:Medical publishing
1002:10.1093/cid/cit152
934:on August 26, 2012
850:10.1093/cid/cir153
813:on January 3, 2013
659:"Facts About IDSA"
618:2016-11-26 at the
467:Richard Blumenthal
411:Enterobacteriaceae
1399:Clin. Infect. Dis
1202:on March 8, 2010.
1068:Clin. Infect. Dis
908:on March 16, 2014
838:Clin. Infect. Dis
553:www.idsociety.org
149:
148:
102:13,000 as of 2023
16:(Redirected from
1590:
1529:
1528:
1526:Official website
1511:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1431:
1425:
1424:
1414:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1360:
1351:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1338:. Archived from
1325:
1316:
1315:
1309:
1301:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1256:
1249:
1243:O'Connell, Sue.
1240:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1188:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1160:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1083:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1013:
979:
970:
969:
967:
965:
950:
944:
943:
941:
939:
924:
918:
917:
915:
913:
907:
900:
892:
886:
885:
879:
871:
861:
829:
823:
822:
820:
818:
803:
797:
796:
794:
792:
777:
771:
770:
768:
766:
746:
740:
739:
737:
736:
716:
705:
704:
702:
700:
681:
675:
674:
672:
670:
665:on July 26, 2011
655:
649:
648:
646:
644:
629:
623:
610:
604:
603:
601:
599:
593:
582:
574:
568:
567:
565:
564:
545:
539:
538:
536:
534:
515:
226:medical journals
145:
140:
137:
135:
58:
56:
51:
40:
33:
21:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1533:
1532:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1515:
1514:
1504:
1502:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1479:
1477:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1378:
1376:
1362:
1361:
1354:
1345:
1343:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1302:
1284:(14): 1422â30.
1278:N. Engl. J. Med
1275:
1274:
1270:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1190:
1189:
1185:
1176:
1174:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1074:(9): 1089â134.
1061:
1060:
1056:
1047:
1045:
1032:
1031:
1027:
981:
980:
973:
963:
961:
952:
951:
947:
937:
935:
926:
925:
921:
911:
909:
905:
898:
894:
893:
889:
872:
831:
830:
826:
816:
814:
805:
804:
800:
790:
788:
779:
778:
774:
764:
762:
748:
747:
743:
734:
732:
718:
717:
708:
698:
696:
683:
682:
678:
668:
666:
657:
656:
652:
642:
640:
631:
630:
626:
620:Wayback Machine
611:
607:
597:
595:
591:
580:
576:
575:
571:
562:
560:
547:
546:
542:
532:
530:
517:
516:
509:
504:
492:chilling effect
429:
337:has identified
331:
296:
222:
205:Maxwell Finland
173:
132:
121:
120:President-Elect
109:
99:
92:
54:
52:
49:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1596:
1594:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1519:
1518:External links
1516:
1513:
1512:
1486:
1461:
1426:
1412:10.1086/592247
1385:
1352:
1317:
1268:
1235:
1220:. 2019-11-08.
1205:
1183:
1131:
1095:
1081:10.1086/508667
1054:
1040:. 2018-11-27.
1025:
971:
945:
919:
887:
824:
798:
772:
741:
706:
676:
650:
624:
605:
569:
540:
506:
505:
503:
500:
428:
425:
330:
327:
295:
292:
267:
266:
254:
242:
221:
218:
209:Edward H. Kass
177:Jay P. Sanford
172:
169:
167:organization.
147:
146:
130:
126:
125:
122:
119:
116:
115:
110:
107:
104:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
91:
90:
86:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
46:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1595:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1527:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1500:
1496:
1490:
1487:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1430:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1405:(9): 1197â9.
1404:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1386:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1342:on 2007-05-03
1341:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1307:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1269:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1236:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1187:
1184:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1151:(1): 91â102.
1150:
1146:
1142:
1135:
1132:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1112:(2): 115446.
1111:
1107:
1099:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1055:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
990:
985:
978:
976:
972:
959:
955:
949:
946:
933:
929:
923:
920:
904:
897:
891:
888:
883:
877:
869:
865:
860:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
828:
825:
812:
808:
802:
799:
786:
782:
776:
773:
760:
756:
752:
745:
742:
730:
726:
722:
715:
713:
711:
707:
694:
690:
686:
680:
677:
664:
660:
654:
651:
638:
634:
628:
625:
621:
617:
614:
609:
606:
590:
586:
585:idsociety.org
579:
573:
570:
558:
554:
550:
544:
541:
528:
524:
520:
514:
512:
508:
501:
499:
495:
493:
489:
488:
483:
482:
476:
472:
469:announced an
468:
465:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
426:
424:
421:
416:
413:
412:
407:
406:
401:
400:
395:
394:
389:
385:
379:
376:
370:
366:
362:
360:
354:
352:
346:
344:
343:antimicrobial
340:
336:
328:
326:
324:
320:
315:
312:
307:
305:
301:
293:
291:
289:
284:
280:
276:
272:
264:
260:
259:
255:
252:
248:
247:
243:
240:
236:
235:
231:
230:
229:
227:
219:
217:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
170:
168:
166:
162:
158:
154:
144:
139:
131:
127:
123:
117:
114:
111:
105:
101:
95:
89:United States
88:
87:
85:
81:
78:
75:
71:
68:
65:
61:
47:
43:
39:
34:
19:
1503:. Retrieved
1489:
1478:. Retrieved
1464:
1442:(6): 665â7.
1439:
1435:
1429:
1402:
1398:
1388:
1377:. Retrieved
1368:
1344:. Retrieved
1340:the original
1333:
1306:cite journal
1281:
1277:
1271:
1259:. Retrieved
1238:
1226:. Retrieved
1217:
1208:
1200:the original
1186:
1175:. Retrieved
1148:
1144:
1134:
1109:
1105:
1098:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1046:. Retrieved
1037:
1028:
993:
987:
962:. Retrieved
948:
936:. Retrieved
932:the original
922:
910:. Retrieved
903:the original
890:
876:cite journal
841:
837:
827:
817:December 12,
815:. Retrieved
811:the original
801:
791:December 12,
789:. Retrieved
775:
765:December 12,
763:. Retrieved
754:
744:
733:. Retrieved
724:
697:. Retrieved
688:
679:
667:. Retrieved
663:the original
653:
641:. Retrieved
627:
613:IDSA history
608:
598:December 26,
596:. Retrieved
584:
572:
561:. Retrieved
552:
543:
531:. Retrieved
522:
496:
485:
479:
461:
456:
433:Lyme disease
430:
417:
409:
403:
397:
391:
380:
371:
367:
363:
355:
347:
332:
316:
308:
297:
286:potentially
268:
256:
244:
232:
223:
174:
156:
152:
150:
98:Membership
73:Headquarters
669:October 29,
643:January 20,
1537:Categories
1480:2012-07-20
1379:2008-06-24
1346:2008-06-24
1330:"Lyme Inc"
1177:2010-03-09
1048:2018-11-30
938:August 12,
735:2017-12-04
563:2019-06-16
533:31 January
502:References
420:antibiotic
399:Salmonella
187:, and the
136:.idsociety
1145:Neurology
471:antitrust
462:In 2006,
165:501(c)(6)
108:President
45:Formation
1499:Archived
1474:Archived
1456:19211474
1421:18821849
1373:Archived
1298:17914043
1252:Archived
1222:Archived
1171:Archived
1167:17522387
1126:34256207
1090:17029130
1042:Archived
1020:23599308
958:Archived
868:21474585
785:Archived
759:Archived
729:Archived
693:Archived
691:. IDSA.
637:Archived
616:Archived
589:Archived
557:Archived
527:Archived
408:and the
405:Shigella
83:Location
1011:3707426
964:May 30,
912:May 30,
859:3738230
393:E. coli
171:History
129:Website
53: (
1505:9 June
1454:
1419:
1335:Forbes
1296:
1261:9 June
1228:9 June
1165:
1124:
1088:
1018:
1008:
866:
856:
699:4 June
481:Forbes
1255:(PDF)
1248:(PDF)
906:(PDF)
899:(PDF)
592:(PDF)
581:(PDF)
388:phase
1507:2021
1452:PMID
1436:JAMA
1417:PMID
1312:link
1294:PMID
1263:2021
1230:2021
1163:PMID
1122:PMID
1086:PMID
1016:PMID
966:2012
940:2012
914:2012
882:link
864:PMID
819:2012
793:2012
767:2012
701:2014
671:2010
645:2012
600:2019
535:2024
333:The
321:and
157:IDSA
151:The
138:.org
63:Type
55:1963
48:1963
1444:doi
1440:301
1407:doi
1286:doi
1282:357
1153:doi
1114:doi
1110:101
1076:doi
1006:PMC
998:doi
854:PMC
846:doi
283:HIV
134:www
1539::
1472:.
1450:.
1438:.
1415:.
1403:47
1401:.
1397:.
1371:.
1367:.
1355:^
1332:.
1320:^
1308:}}
1304:{{
1292:.
1280:.
1250:.
1216:.
1194:.
1169:.
1161:.
1149:69
1147:.
1143:.
1120:.
1108:.
1084:.
1072:43
1070:.
1066:.
1036:.
1014:.
1004:.
994:56
992:.
986:.
974:^
878:}}
874:{{
862:.
852:.
842:52
840:.
836:.
757:.
753:.
727:.
723:.
709:^
687:.
587:.
583:.
555:.
551:.
525:.
521:.
510:^
443:,
439:,
402:,
396:,
228::
183:,
1509:.
1483:.
1458:.
1446::
1423:.
1409::
1382:.
1349:.
1314:)
1300:.
1288::
1265:.
1232:.
1180:.
1155::
1128:.
1116::
1092:.
1078::
1051:.
1022:.
1000::
968:.
942:.
916:.
884:)
870:.
848::
821:.
795:.
769:.
738:.
703:.
673:.
647:.
602:.
566:.
537:.
265:)
261:(
253:)
249:(
241:)
237:(
155:(
57:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.