182:
infield fly rule may be invoked because the ball could have been caught by the infielder. Similarly, infield fly may also be called if an outfielder runs into the infield to catch a fly ball, if it could have been caught by an infielder with ordinary effort. It may be helpful to think of it as the "infielder fly rule". Specifically, the rule states an infield fly call should be determined by "whether the ball could ordinarily have been handled by an infielder, not by some arbitrary limitation such as the grass, or the base lines. The umpire must rule also that a ball is an infield fly, even if handled by an outfielder, if, in the umpire's judgment, the ball could have been as easily handled by an infielder."
309:, MLB executive vice president for baseball operations, denied the protest, citing umpire's judgment. Torre made the ruling immediately following the game (waiving the normal 24-hour review period) due to the importance of the game and the quick turnaround time before the next playoff game. The ball landed 225 feet (69 m) from home plate. Between 2009 and 2012, there were six infield-fly rulings on balls that weren't caught, and the longest was measured at 178 feet (54 m), 47 feet (14 m) less than the ball Simmons hit.
389:, there may be doubt as to whether the ball was catchable by an infielder with ordinary effort. If not called, the infield fly rule is not in effect. The same definition includes a comment that "The infield fly is in no sense to be considered an appeal play." This suggests that the batter cannot be ruled out retroactively to settle a debate that occurs after the play ends. However, in Major League Baseball, the umpires are likely to correct their mistake if it leads to an unfair double or triple play.
2096:
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293:, who was playing very deep in left, ran in to catch it as well. Although Kozma initially called to catch the ball, as the ball came down, he suddenly moved out of the way and the ball fell between him and Holliday. While it initially appeared that Simmons (the batter) had safely reached first base and the Braves had the bases loaded with one out, Simmons was called out because left field umpire
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If the fly ball is near the foul lines, the umpire is to declare "infield fly, if fair". If the ball is not caught and ends up foul (including if it lands fair and then rolls foul before passing first or third base without being touched by a fielder), the infield fly call is canceled, and the play is
137:
is in play, and in the umpire's judgment is catchable by an infielder with ordinary effort, the umpire shall call "infield fly" (or more often, "infield fly, batter's out" or "infield fly if fair" when there is a chance of the ball drifting foul). The batter will be out regardless of whether the ball
260:
explained that "The infield fly rule requires the umpires' judgment to determine whether or not a ball can be caught with ordinary effort, and that includes wind" and that the umpires' determination was that in this case there was no infielder who could make the play with "ordinary effort". The ball
181:
A fair fly ball that could be caught by an infielder with ordinary effort is covered by the rule, whether or not it is in the infield, and whether or not an infielder catches it, or even attempts to catch it. For example, if an infielder retreats to the outfield in an effort to catch a fly ball, the
211:
A fielder who misplays an infield fly is not charged with an error because the batter is out through the infield fly rule. In fact, the fielder who should have caught an infield fly earns a putout. But a fielder who fails to touch an infield fly that then rolls foul may be charged with an error for
190:
The term "ordinary effort" considers all circumstances, including weather, lighting, positioning of the defense, and the abilities of the players involved in the play. A fly ball catchable with ordinary effort in Major League
Baseball might not be in a junior high school game, due to the ability of
401:
In this case, a baserunning gambit can be used to avoid a double or triple play. A fast batter may reach first base before the pop fly reaches the fielder. If the fielder fails to catch the ball, then the batter runs toward second base while the runner originally on first base remains there. Under
354:
that could be caught on the fly. This rule likewise prevents a fielder from deliberately dropping a ball and thereby achieving a double or triple play. If an umpire invokes this rule, the drop is ruled a catch, the ball is dead, and no baserunner may advance. The rule is not invoked when a fielder
331:
The infield fly rule is not in effect if there is no runner on second base. Provided the batter-runner runs to first base, the greatest benefit the defense could achieve by intentionally letting the fly ball drop untouched is to force out the runner at second rather than the batter, resulting in a
367:
The infield fly rule states that runners may advance "after the ball is touched". This rule governs the tag up if the infield fly is caught. The runner does not need to wait on base until the fielder achieves full control of the ball. There is no need to tag up at any time if the ball is dropped.
297:
had called "infield fly" just before the ball hit the ground, and the Braves now had runners at second and third with two outs, instead of bases loaded with one out. The Braves did not score in the inning, and the
Cardinals went on to win the game, 6–3, eliminating the Braves from the postseason.
363:
For the runners, an infield fly is little different from an ordinary fly ball. If an infield fly is caught, the runners must retouch their original bases ("tag up") after the catch before attempting to advance. If an infield fly is not caught, no tag up is required and the runners may advance at
172:
The infield fly rule is a judgment call, as the rule states that "The judgment of the umpire must govern". The rule directs the umpire to declare an infield fly immediately on determining that the play meets the criteria described above, solely based on the umpire's discretion. Since different
79:
to advance to the next base if all bases between them and the (now running) batter are occupied. Baserunners study the fielder and advance only far enough from the base to ensure that they can return safely if the ball is caught. If a presumed catch becomes a non-catch, forced runners must run
322:
As the infield fly rule is a special case, umpires signal one another at the start of an at-bat to remind one another that the game situation puts the rule into effect. A typical signal is to touch the brim of the cap so as to show the number of outs. Another signal often used by high school
80:
forward instead of back. This creates an advantage for the defense in intentionally failing to execute an easy catch, which the infield fly rule exists to remove. The officiating rationale that ultimately led to the rule began in the 1860s, due to the requirement to
572:, January 2004. Accessed September 30, 2007. "The batter is automatically declared out, but the runners may attempt to advance at their own risk. The purpose of the rule, instituted in 1895, is to protect runners from deceitful acts by members of the defense."
397:
In adult baseball, a fly ball usually reaches the fielder before the batter can run the 90 feet to first base. However, in youth baseball, the distance between bases is shorter, and in some youth leagues, the infield fly rule is not in effect.
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plays a ball on a bounce that might have been caught on the fly, or a fielder lets the ball fall to the ground without catching the palm of the mitt, or, in the judgment of the umpire, the ball was mishandled and not cleanly caught.
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runner on first base either way. However, if the batter is significantly slower than the runner, the defense may elect to let the ball drop untouched and achieve the force play, replacing the runner at first base with the batter.
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A runner hit by an infield fly while standing on a base is also protected from being declared out due to interference, unless this interference is deemed intentional (which appeared in the rules in 1940).
255:
of the
Phillies hit a pop-up to the right side of the infield with runners on first and second and one out, in strong rain and swirling winds, and the infield fly rule was not invoked. Umpiring crew chief
200:
treated as an ordinary foul ball. In contrast, if the ball lands foul and then rolls fair before passing first or third base without being touched, the infield fly takes effect and the batter is out.
75:
A ball batted into the air subjects baserunners to a dilemma. If the ball is caught, they must return to their original base; if it is not caught, the batter becomes a runner and existing runners are
733:
424:. The article was humorous but also insightful on how common law related to codified regulation of behavior. It has been cited in numerous legal decisions and in subsequent literature.
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to get multiple outs by forcing out the runners on base, who were pinned near their bases while the ball was in the air. At that time, the rule only applied with one man out.
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onto the field, causing the game to be delayed for nearly 20 minutes. The Braves continued playing under an official protest from their manager, but shortly after the game,
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Rule 7.08(h), the batter is out for passing a preceding runner, and under Rule 7.08(c), this out removes the force so that other runners are able to remain on their bases.
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A related rule called the intentional drop rule applies even when second base is unoccupied (so long as first-base is occupied), and applies even when the batted ball is a
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Risks for the defense are that the uncaught ball may roll away from the fielder, and any runner on third base can try to score but has the option of remaining on his base.
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If "infield fly" is called and the fly ball is caught, it is treated exactly as an ordinary caught fly ball; the batter is out, there is no force, and the runners must
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The rulebook definition of
Infield Fly says the umpire "shall immediately declare 'Infield Fly' for the benefit of the runners." However, sometimes they do not. As in
868:
E.g., "The
Contribution of the Infield Fly Rule to Western Civilization (and vice versa)," Anthony D'Amato, Northwestern University Law Review, Vol. 100, No. 1 (2005)
364:
their own risk. The only difference is that the umpire's declaration that the batter is out removes force plays and gives runners the option of staying on the base.
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153:. On the other hand, if "infield fly" is called and the ball lands fair without being caught, the batter is still out, there is still no force, but the runners
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umpires may have different definitions of what constitutes "ordinary effort," the rule may be applied differently depending on the umpire and game conditions.
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Declarations of the infield fly rule are not included in the statistical summary of a baseball game and are not a separate category in player statistics.
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If the batter-runner gives up on the play, the defense can achieve outs at second base and first base by deliberately letting the ball drop untouched.
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baseball umpires is to hold their right hand out flat and either tap or hold it over the shirt pocket on the left side of their chest.
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The existing rule came into effect in 1901. It was amended in 1904 to exclude line drives, and in 1920 to also exclude bunt attempts.
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of the Braves hit a pop-up into shallow left field with one out and men on first and second bases. Cardinals shortstop
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are removed) regardless of whether the ball is caught. The rule exists solely to prevent the defense from executing a
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typically raise the right arm straight up, index finger pointing up and call to signal the rule is in effect.
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The rule was introduced in 1895 by the
National League in response to infielders intentionally dropping
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letting the ball roll foul; the batter is not out, and the misplay prolongs the batter's time at bat.
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was caught for the second out of the inning, and the runners did not stray far from their bases.
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564:"Baseball rules corner: many players unaware of tag requirements when Infield Fly rule is called"
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by deliberately failing to catch a ball that an infielder could catch with ordinary effort.
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at third base (which means there are runners at first and second base, or the
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The infield fly rule was the subject of an article in a U.S. law journal.
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The rule applies only when there are fewer than two outs, and there is a
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55:'s declaration of an infield fly means that the batter is out (and all
527:. Professional Baseball Playing Rules Committee, Major League Baseball
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893:
The
Infield Fly Rule in Baseball Explained: Implications and Origins
18:
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734:"Braves 'emptiness' after Wild Card loss; infield fly debated"
161:, and the runners may advance on the play, at their own risk.
618:"Unconventional Thinking: MLB makes right decision to cancel"
546:"Rule 2.00 Infield Fly and 6.05(e): Getting to Know the Rule"
164:
An infield fly may be declared by any umpire on the field.
797:
Official
Baseball Rules 5.09(a)(12); rule 5–1–1(j) of the
693:"STL-ATL Infield Fly (NL Wild Card): Why call was Correct"
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was a law student in 1975 when he anonymously published "
47:
as though caught, before the ball is caught, even if the
857:"Aside, The Common Law Origins of the Infield Fly Rule,"
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National
Federation of State High School Associations
712:"Iffy call against Braves sets off Turner Field fans"
1977:
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859:anonymous, 123 Univ. Penn. Law Review 1474 (1975).
499:. Professional Baseball Playing Rules Committee,
157:required to tag up. In either case, the ball is
462:"Revisiting the Origin of the Infield Fly Rule"
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416:The Common Law Origins of the Infield Fly Rule
51:fails to catch it or drops it on purpose. The
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8:
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651:2008 WORLD SERIES Game 5 Rays at Phillies
303:throwing plastic bottles and other debris
92:The infield fly rule is explained in the
487:
485:
483:
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301:After the call, angry Braves fans began
822:"Discussion at baseball-excellence.com"
586:"Infield Fly Rule at eteamz.active.com"
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84:on a base, and was formalized in 1874.
466:Society for American Baseball Research
386:
846:"Minimax Solution of the Infield Fly"
421:University of Pennsylvania Law Review
7:
2119:
1026:Comparison of baseball and softball
675:"Wild-card game stopped after call"
271:2012 National League Wild Card Game
265:2012 National League Wild Card Game
460:Hershberger, Richard (Fall 2018).
14:
810:Infield Fly Rule on Rulebook Edge
740:. October 6, 2012. Archived from
616:Sheehan, Joe (October 28, 2008).
130:When the rule is in effect, if a
100:Definitions of terms: Infield Fly
2118:
2106:
2095:
2094:
434:
883:Explaining the infield fly rule
758:. umpire-empire.com. 2011-06-09
23:An umpire calls an infield fly.
167:
115:). The rule does not apply on
1:
710:Ray Glier (October 5, 2012).
393:Batter passing another runner
738:Atlanta Journal-Constitution
269:In the eighth inning of the
124:
756:"Infield Fly Rule – Signal"
177:"Catchable by an infielder"
2180:
493:"2.00 Definition of Terms"
387:the 2008 World Series game
2088:
941:
235:In the fifth game of the
103:Rule 5.09 (Batter is out)
654:, pp. (timestamped)
525:Official Baseball Rules
497:Official Baseball Rules
94:Official Baseball Rules
2080:Variations of baseball
2045:Seventh-inning stretch
2025:List of baseball films
1857:Defensive indifference
1807:Tie goes to the runner
778:"The Infield Fly Rule"
327:Second base unoccupied
317:
191:the players involved.
24:
1959:Uncaught third strike
1704:Striking out the side
1386:Hitting for the cycle
744:on December 15, 2012.
679:Associated Press/ESPN
501:Major League Baseball
342:Intentional drop rule
245:Philadelphia Phillies
22:
2152:Baseball terminology
2000:Bench-clearing brawl
1289:Batting out of order
43:that treats certain
1990:Baseball statistics
1433:Lefty-righty switch
630:on November 4, 2012
441:Baseball portal
275:St. Louis Cardinals
168:"Umpire's judgment"
2157:1874 introductions
1837:Blocking the plate
1361:Ground rule double
1316:Charging the mound
1031:fastpitch softball
699:. October 6, 2012.
681:. October 5, 2012.
623:Sports Illustrated
412:William S. Stevens
359:Runner advancement
313:Additional details
249:Citizens Bank Park
25:
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1609:Immaculate inning
1331:Designated hitter
966:Rules of baseball
780:. stevetheump.com
697:Close Call Sports
550:Close Call Sports
521:"6.00 The Batter"
381:Rule not declared
283:Andrelton Simmons
251:in Philadelphia,
237:2008 World Series
231:2008 World Series
186:"Ordinary effort"
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1902:Infield fly rule
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1328:
1326:Cleanup hitter
1323:
1318:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1299:sacrifice bunt
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1269:Baltimore chop
1266:
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1198:Uniform number
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1129:
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1120:
1118:
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1107:
1105:On-deck circle
1102:
1097:
1095:Foul territory
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1062:
1056:
1054:
1044:
1043:
1041:
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1033:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1011:Suspended game
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1001:Protested game
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911:
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876:External links
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279:Atlanta Braves
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2055:Sign stealing
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1985:Baseball card
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1907:Infield shift
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1819:(positioning)
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1709:Time of pitch
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1560:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1535:Breaking ball
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1493:Switch hitter
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1468:Sacrifice fly
1466:
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1369:
1367:
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1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1341:Double switch
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1321:Checked swing
1319:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1284:Batting count
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1224:extra innings
1222:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1214:Batting order
1212:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1148:Batting glove
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1116:
1115:Warning track
1113:
1111:
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1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
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1086:
1083:
1081:
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1057:
1055:
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1049:
1045:
1037:
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1029:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
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1002:
999:
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994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
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964:
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961:
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947:
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931:
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919:
917:
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905:
904:
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890:
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839:
828:on 2016-05-30
827:
823:
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676:
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653:
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645:
642:
629:
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619:
612:
609:
598:on 2016-06-05
594:
587:
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579:
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556:
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541:
538:
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304:
299:
296:
292:
291:Matt Holliday
288:
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264:
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246:
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58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
21:
2117:
2105:
2093:
2035:Scorekeeping
2020:Injured list
2010:Doubleheader
1995:Bench jockey
1912:Interference
1901:
1792:Squeeze play
1757:Left on base
1737:Bases loaded
1724:Base running
1644:Perfect game
1597:split-finger
1443:Mendoza Line
1381:Hit by pitch
1309:squeeze play
1246:Pace of play
1207:Game process
1143:Batting cage
1075:Batter's eye
1070:Batter's box
991:Interference
980:
976:Ground rules
949:
943:
864:
852:
841:
830:. Retrieved
826:the original
816:
805:
793:
782:. Retrieved
771:
760:. Retrieved
750:
742:the original
737:
728:
716:. Retrieved
705:
696:
687:
678:
656:, retrieved
650:
644:
632:. Retrieved
628:the original
621:
611:
600:. Retrieved
593:the original
567:
558:
549:
540:
529:. Retrieved
524:
515:
504:. Retrieved
496:
469:. Retrieved
455:
419:
409:
406:Legal theory
400:
396:
384:
375:
366:
362:
345:
337:
334:
330:
321:
300:
295:Sam Holbrook
273:between the
268:
239:between the
234:
226:
219:
210:
207:
198:
189:
180:
171:
163:
154:
148:
138:is actually
129:
106:
91:
74:
28:
26:
2124:WikiProject
1947:Triple play
1922:Passed ball
1862:Double play
1827:Appeal play
1797:Stolen base
1762:Obstruction
1747:Hit and run
1699:Strike zone
1669:Quick pitch
1654:Pitch count
1629:Knuckleball
1483:Strike zone
1463:Pull hitter
1423:Infield hit
1376:Hit and run
1279:Batted ball
1006:Strike zone
996:Pitch clock
718:October 10,
714:. USA Today
372:Hit runners
258:Tim Tschida
253:Pedro Feliz
117:line drives
65:triple play
61:double play
57:force plays
2141:Categories
1969:Wheel play
1964:Wall climb
1952:unassisted
1887:Fourth out
1882:Force play
1787:Small ball
1714:Wild pitch
1604:Full count
1567:Emery ball
1517:(softball)
1488:Sweet spot
1438:Line drive
1396:Grand slam
1183:Shin guard
832:2016-04-27
784:2017-11-02
762:2017-11-02
658:2021-06-21
602:2016-04-27
531:2011-02-15
506:2011-02-15
471:2024-05-30
447:References
348:line drive
287:Pete Kozma
204:Statistics
195:Foul balls
127:, below.)
109:force play
2005:Dead ball
1694:Strikeout
1674:Screwball
1639:No-hitter
1582:four-seam
1557:Curveball
1478:Strikeout
1366:Hat trick
1346:Foul ball
1304:slap bunt
1236:Positions
1125:Equipment
1090:Foul pole
986:In flight
971:Ejections
634:April 19,
418:" in the
307:Joe Torre
71:Reasoning
49:infielder
45:fly balls
2100:Category
2050:Shagging
1816:Fielding
1752:Lead off
1689:Spitball
1664:Pitchout
1577:two-seam
1572:Fastball
1545:Changeup
1530:Beanball
1513:Pitching
1411:Moonshot
1406:Walk-off
1391:Home run
1351:Foul tip
1274:Bat flip
1188:Stirrups
1163:Doughnut
1110:Outfield
1060:Backstop
1048:Ballpark
1021:Cheating
951:Glossary
936:concepts
934:softball
930:Baseball
428:See also
277:and the
135:fly ball
41:softball
37:baseball
2073:winning
2064:Streak
1978:Related
1942:Tag out
1937:Rundown
1927:Pickoff
1767:Rundown
1679:Shutout
1649:Pickoff
1448:On-deck
1416:Chinese
1256:Batting
1219:Innings
1193:Uniform
1100:Infield
1080:Bullpen
945:Outline
887:MLB.com
222:pop-ups
216:History
155:are not
144:Umpires
125:History
119:nor on
2112:Portal
2068:losing
2040:Series
2030:Pepper
2015:Jargon
1932:Putout
1832:Assist
1802:Tag up
1684:Slider
1634:Maddux
1592:sinker
1587:cutter
1562:Eephus
1498:Triple
1473:Single
1336:Double
1264:At bat
1085:Dugout
151:tag up
140:caught
82:tag up
77:forced
53:umpire
2060:Slump
1867:Error
1842:Catch
1782:Slide
1052:field
959:Rules
885:" at
596:(PDF)
589:(PDF)
350:or a
31:is a
1772:Safe
1732:Balk
1525:Balk
1503:Walk
1294:Bunt
1133:Ball
932:and
720:2012
636:2016
352:bunt
243:and
159:live
132:fair
121:bunt
88:Rule
39:and
33:rule
27:The
1371:Hit
1241:Run
1231:Out
1158:Cap
1138:Bat
247:at
63:or
35:of
2143::
948:·
736:.
695:.
677:.
666:^
620:.
577:^
566:,
548:.
523:.
495:.
480:^
464:.
281:,
142:.
1050:/
922:e
915:t
908:v
895:"
891:"
881:"
835:.
787:.
765:.
722:.
638:.
605:.
534:.
509:.
474:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
