778:
790:
478:
466:
62:
373:
672:
415:
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307:
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for smaller (<2 cm) tumors without lymph node metastasis. Larger tumors without lymph nodes had 38% risk of recurrence. Presence of lymph nodes in tumors of any size showed 62% and 86% risk of recurrence in patients with 1-3 and >4 positive lymph nodes, respectively. Another study showed “90% of recurrences occurred within 9, 7, and 5 years for patients with grades 1, 2, and 3 tumors, respectively. The rate of death due to breast carcinoma was also influenced by grade, with 90% occurring in 40, 13, and 8 years among patients with grades 1, 2, and 3 tumors, respectively.”
404:. The histopathologic characteristics seen in these lesions are heterogenous. The cells of a lesion of invasive carcinoma NST may retain >70% ductal differentiation or appear completely undifferentiated. The tumor cells may be arranged in sheets, nests, cords, or singly distributed. They are pleomorphic (i.e., vary in size and shape). They usually have prominent nucleoli and multiple mitotic cells per magnified field of view, which are features generally consistent with cancerous cells. The surrounding non-ductal tissue, known as stroma, can range from none to abundant.
506:
staging takes place after the tumor is removed surgically, when a pathologist is able to make more direct measurements of the tumor characteristics. Pathologic staging is considered more accurate, but clinical staging can give useful information to determine treatment plans prior to surgical efforts. Both clinical and pathologic staging use the TNM staging system, which take into account the tumor size (T), lymph node involvement (N), and evidence of metastasis (M). The TNM staging system designed for breast cancer is shown in the table below.
810:
radiotherapy. Patients at risk for systemic disease may be offered chemotherapy, and those whose tumors test positive for certain hormone receptor or genetic markers may be offered specific adjuvant medical therapies. Selective estrogen receptor modifying drugs (e.g., tamoxifen) or aromatase inhibitors (e.g., anastrozole) may be offered to those with estrogen or progesterone receptor positive tumors. HER2-positive tumors may be treated with the targeted medical therapy (e.g., trastuzumab).
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385:
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414:
777:
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Histologic factors associated with worse prognosis include high histologic grade, hormone receptor negativity, and HER2 negativity. Regarding genetic risk factors, BRCA1-associated breast cancers may have higher rates of lung and brain metastases but a lower rate of bone metastases. Cases detected by
251:
Invasive carcinoma NST is one of the most common types of all breast cancers, accounting for 55% of breast cancer incidence. Of the invasive breast cancers, invasive carcinoma NST accounts for up to 75% of cases. It is also the most common form of breast cancer occurring in men, accounting for 85% of
754:
White women have the highest rate of breast carcinoma, followed by Black, Asian/Pacific
Islander, and Hispanic women. However, Black women are most likely to have greater severity of disease and triple-receptor negativity at time of diagnosis. Compared to other populations, they tend to have reduced
407:
Small inclusions of special features may be present within an invasive carcinoma NST tissue sample, but will be 'limited' (i.e. <10%). Carcinomas of mixed type will have a specialized pattern or lobular carcinoma in the majority (i.e. at least 50%) of the tumor and a non-specialized pattern
302:
Metastatic lesions from breast cancer may produce symptoms according to that organ system. The most common sites for metastasis are the bone, lung, liver, and brain. Skin metastases most commonly extend to the skin overlying the mass, but may spread to the axilla or more distant areas. Metastasis to
827:
Prophylactic treatment may be an option for those with genetic predisposition to breast cancer. The
National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend bilateral prophylactic mastectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for women who are carriers of germline BRCA1/2 mutation. At the
809:
Management options for patients with invasive breast carcinomas include surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic adjuvant medical therapy. Surgical treatment ranges from radical mastectomy to breast conserving procedures such as lumpectomy. Patients at risk for local recurrence of disease may be offered
805:
The treatment of invasive carcinoma NST is often similar to management plans for other invasive breast carcinomas. The treatment options offered to an individual patient are determined by the form, stage and location of the cancer, and also by the age, history of prior disease and general health of
292:
In most cases breast cancers are asymptomatic and are detected by routine clinical screening exams. In about 30% of cases a breast mass may be felt. The mass will not fluctuate with the menstrual period. Changes to the overlying skin including dimpling, pinching, orange peel-like texture, or nipple
264:
Invasive carcinoma NST is a type of breast cancer. It is one of the invasive breast cancers that originates from the breast ductal system, so that it is a type of ductal carcinoma. A defining feature of this ductal carcinoma is that it lacks the "specific differentiating features" of other types of
758:
In 2003, one study found the five-year survival rate of invasive carcinoma NST was approximately 85%. In general, greater tumor size and presence of lymph node metastasis predicts higher risk of recurrence after initial diagnosis and treatment. In one study, the lifetime risk of recurrence was 20%
329:
The process of diagnosing invasive carcinoma NST is similar to that of other breast cancers. The process may be prompted by a patient presenting with a palpable mass or by evidence of a suspicious lesion on routine screening tests. Tissue sampling is required for complete classification which will
823:
Treatment of non-metastatic invasive breast cancer can vary based on staging, usually early stage (stages I and II) versus locally advanced (stage III). Patients with early stage disease may be offered surgery, including breast conserving therapy. This may be followed by radiotherapy for those at
722:
While prognosis in invasive carcinoma NST is difficult to predict, there are some prognostic factors that help estimate survival. The factors included here tend to be generalizable to most breast cancers, and further information can be found in the main articles on breast cancer and breast cancer
523:
Absence of cancer cells in the lymph nodes is a good indication that the cancer has not spread systemically. Presence of cancer in the lymph nodes indicates the cancer may have spread. In studies, some women have had presence of cancer in the lymph nodes, were not treated with chemotherapy, and
255:
The incidence of ductal carcinomas as a whole is 86.3 cases per 100,000 women, with the incidence increasing sharply for women over 40 years of age and peaking at 285.6 cases per 100,000 for women between 70 and 79. This incidence has decreased slightly over time. Incidence of diagnosed cases is
730:
of ductal carcinomas in general depend, in part, on its histological subtype. Mucinous, papillary, cribriform, and tubular carcinomas have longer survival, and lower recurrence rates. The prognosis of the most common form of invasive carcinoma NST is intermediate. Regardless of the histological
505:
Cancers in general will be staged according their degree of tumor size, lymph node involvement, and evidence of metastasis. There are two types, clinical staging and pathologic staging. Clinical staging uses information derived from physical examination, clinical imaging, and biopsy. Pathologic
2198:
635:
The appearance of cancer cells under a microscope is another predictor of systemic spread. The more different the cancer cells look compared to normal duct cells, the greater the risk of systemic spread. There are three characteristics that differentiate cancer cells from normal cells.
824:
risk of local recurrence or systemic adjuvant medical therapy for those at risk of distant metastasis. Patient with locally advanced invasive breast cancer may be offered neoadjuvant systemic therapy and evaluated for tumor response prior to surgery, radiation, and adjuvant therapy.
477:
433:
211:
women. Black women tend to have greater severity of disease at diagnosis with worse overall survival. Breast cancer is often asymptomatic and diagnosis by screening, but may present with symptoms of pain, palpable mass, skin changes, or complications of metastasis.
789:
265:
ductal carcinomas. It is important to note that IDC, invasive ductal carcinoma NOS, and invasive carcinoma NST all refer to the same type of breast cancer. For consistency and to serve an international audience, this article will use invasive ductal NST.
280:, published the 4th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Breast. Previously known as 'invasive ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified', these most recent guidelines advocated for the use of 'invasive carcinoma of no special type'.
2323:
2308:
283:
There are, however, differing opinions and practices. The research literature continues to use IDC or invasive ductal carcinoma NOS, and some medical textbooks have offered support for continued use of IDC or invasive ductal carcinoma NOS.
268:
The terminology of invasive carcinoma NST has undergone change since 2012. Differing opinions within the medical and public health communities have led to some variance in how this disease is referred in research and clinical settings.
465:
514:
In clinical staging, tumor size is determined by clinical imaging. A more accurate measurement of tumor size and observation of extension into adjacent structures can be determined via pathological staging following surgery.
2037:
Yedjou, Clement G.; Sims, Jennifer N.; Miele, Lucio; Noubissi, Felicite; Lowe, Leroy; Fonseca, Duber D.; Alo, Richard A.; Payton, Marinelle; Tchounwou, Paul B. (2019). "Health and Racial
Disparity in Breast Cancer".
828:
age of 35 to 40 years, or once childbearing is completed, the procedure is recommended for risk reduction purposes. The NCCN states such management has led to reduced risk of breast carcinoma by 90% in this group.
765:
223:. The prognosis for patients with invasive carcinoma NST is heterogenous and difficult to predict for every individual. However, general factors such as high tumor grade, stage, receptor negativity,
650:
The histologic appearance of cancer cells can be scored on these three parameters on a scale from one to three. The sum of these grades is a number between 3 and 9. The score is called a
1749:
Mathis KL, Hoskin TL, Boughey JC, Crownhart BS, Brandt KR, Vachon CM, et al. (March 2010). "Palpable presentation of breast cancer persists in the era of screening mammography".
783:
Immunohistochemistry of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast representing a scirrhous growth. Core needle biopsy. HER-2/neu oncoprotein expression by
Ventana immunostaining system.
376:
Histopathology of invasive carcinoma of no special type, H&E stain, intermediate magnification. It shows typical plump tumor nests (rather than the single-file linear pattern of
215:
Clinical disease or suspicious lesions on screening may evaluated further with tissue sampling. Diagnostic analysis will include histopathological typing, grading, and analysis for
1339:"Differences in sensitivity to neoadjuvant chemotherapy among invasive lobular and ductal carcinoma of the breast and implications on surgery-A systematic review and meta-analysis"
698:
Cells with the normal amount of DNA are called diploid. Cells with too much or too little DNA are called aneuploid. Aneuploid cells are more likely to spread than diploid cells.
2342:
2269:
555:
N1=metastases to moveable ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes N2=metastases in ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes that are clinically fixed N3=metastases that are more extensive
427:
can be seen on the pink skin, while in the center of the picture a large blue and pink swelling or tumor can be seen. Blood stained fat tissue is seen at the cut margins.
701:
DNA testing indicates the rate of growth by determining the number of cells in the synthetic phase (S phase). An S phase > 10% means a higher chance of spreading.
180:, which means that for the diagnosis to be made all the other specific types must be ruled out. There are several rare sub-types of invasive carcinoma NST including
2392:
1428:
1266:
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in between 10 and 49% of the sample. Thus, such tumors will be called mixed invasive NST and special type or mixed invasive carcinoma NST and lobular carcinoma.
61:
227:-positivity suggest higher risk of recurrence and lower overall survival. Treatment is individualized however most patients are offered some combination of
273:
372:
176:. It shows invasive features but lacks the "specific differentiating features" of other types of invasive breast cancers. Invasive carcinoma NST is a
453:
671:
3301:
2055:
1733:
1557:
1404:
1242:
961:
877:
356:
This article will discuss the features specific to invasive carcinoma NST. More general and complete discussions can be found in articles on
483:
Histopathology of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast representing a scirrhous growth. Core needle biopsy. Hematoxylin and eosin stain.
2867:
610:
Larger size tumors with various combinations of lymph node involvement that are more extensive than stage II, but no distant metastases
293:
retraction may be seen. Non-healing ulcers can form in advanced disease, and were more common historically prior to modern medical care.
2436:
2385:
1624:"Comparison of patterns and prognosis among distant metastatic breast cancer patients by age groups: a SEER population-based analysis"
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3021:
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and invade into the surrounding breast stroma. Otherwise, there are no specific histologic characteristics, essentially making it a
145:) is a disease. For international audiences this article will use "invasive carcinoma NST" because it is the preferred term of the
3198:
3153:
2917:
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adjacent lympatics may produce palpable masses in the axilla or an orange peel-like texture of the skin of the effected breast.
2921:
2754:
1898:"A Brief Overview of the WHO Classification of Breast Tumors, 4th Edition, Focusing on Issues and Updates from the 3rd Edition"
1682:
Milam EC, Rangel LK, Pomeranz MK (April 2021). "Dermatologic sequelae of breast cancer: From disease, surgery, and radiation".
1184:"A Brief Overview of the WHO Classification of Breast Tumors, 4th Edition, Focusing on Issues and Updates from the 3rd Edition"
1135:"A Brief Overview of the WHO Classification of Breast Tumors, 4th Edition, Focusing on Issues and Updates from the 3rd Edition"
704:
The results of DNA testing are considered less reliable predictors of spread than size, histology, and lymph node involvement.
651:
489:
3061:
2542:
771:
Immunohistochemistry of breast cancer (Infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast) assayed with anti HER-2 (ErbB2) antibody.
540:
T2=>20 mm but ≤50 mm T3=>50 mm T4=tumor of any size with direct extension to the chest wall and/or skin
1947:
Screening for breast cancer : a systematic review to update the 2009 U.S. Preventive
Services Task Force recommendation
654:(BR) and is expressed /9. For example, cells that were graded 2 on all three parameters would result in a BR score of 6/9.
164:. Invasive carcinoma NST is classified by its microscopic, molecular, and genetic features. Microscopically it is a breast
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3188:
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still did not have a systemic spread. Therefore, lymph node involvement is not an absolute predictor of spread.
277:
146:
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903:"The changing incidence of in situ and invasive ductal and lobular breast carcinomas: United States, 1999-2004"
814:
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842:
717:
666:
357:
324:
36:
3332:
2829:
2653:
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A score of 5 and under is considered low. 6 to 7 is considered intermediate. 8 to 9 is considered high.
401:
177:
157:
1231:
Lakhani SR, et al. (International Agency for
Research on Cancer, World Health Organization) (2012).
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help determine prognosis and treatment plan. Tissue samples will be looked at under the microscope for
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subtype, the prognosis of IDC depends also on tumor size, presence of cancer in the lymph nodes,
161:
2479:
2153:"Clinical progression of breast cancer malignant behavior: what to expect and when to expect it"
1088:
Ottini L, Palli D, Rizzo S, Federico M, Bazan V, Russo A (February 2010). "Male breast cancer".
380:). The presence of tumor nests in adipose tissue at right in image strongly favors invasiveness.
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2019:
2011:
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1248:
1238:
1213:
1164:
1115:
1070:
1016:
967:
957:
924:
883:
873:
795:
Immunohistochemistry of estrogen receptor in invasive breast cancer, showing nuclear staining.
736:
440:
236:
85:
1785:
695:
DNA analysis indicates the amount of DNA in cancer cells and how fast the cancer is growing.
17:
2893:
2811:
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2003:
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specimen containing a very large invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. To the right, the
397:
240:
3225:
3212:
3160:
2911:
2574:
2102:"Infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast: tumor characteristics and clinical outcome"
953:
Essentials of diagnostic breast pathology : a practical approach ; with 6 tables
552:
69:
2662:
447:
specimen containing an invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast (pale area at the center).
1639:
1590:
1039:"Male Breast Cancer: An Updated Review of Epidemiology, Clinicopathology, and Treatment"
687:. The presence of lymphovascular invasion increases the probability of systemic spread.
3271:
3180:
3140:
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2074:
1922:
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1038:
1011:
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389:
169:
98:
2128:
2101:
1861:
Jaworski R (December 2004). "Rosai and
Ackerman's Surgical Pathology: Ninth Edition".
1762:
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On microscopic evaluation carcinomatous cells are seen below the basement membrane of
3326:
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3051:
3037:
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1534:
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1101:
818:
713:
680:
297:
153:
73:
28:
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2643:
684:
173:
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902:
566:
M1=distant detectable metastases as determined by clinical and radiographic means
256:
highest among White and non-Hispanic women, followed by Black and
Hispanic women.
2358:
2042:. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 1152. pp. 31–49.
1354:
3296:
2784:
2559:
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2047:
1442:
Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J, Jemal A (March 2015).
872:. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization.
228:
216:
204:
200:
94:
2007:
1647:
388:
High magnification of invasive carcinoma of no special type shows non-specific
3118:
2695:
2564:
2554:
2410:
2168:
1990:
Edwards, M. J.; Gamel, J. W.; Vaughan, W. P.; Wrightson, W. R. (August 1998).
1874:
1414:
444:
420:
2247:
2176:
2065:
2015:
1954:
1882:
1814:"Diversity of Breast Carcinoma: Histological Subtypes and Clinical Relevance"
1518:
1307:
1252:
987:"Diversity of Breast Carcinoma: Histological Subtypes and Clinical Relevance"
971:
887:
755:
chance of cure and a shorter survival after diagnosis if unable to be cured.
751:
screening have favorable survival compared to cases that present clinically.
2747:
2683:
2423:
2419:
2317:
2239:
1622:
Chen MT, Sun HF, Zhao Y, Fu WY, Yang LP, Gao SP, et al. (August 2017).
740:
727:
165:
77:
2255:
2223:
2184:
2152:
2137:
2083:
1931:
1847:
1770:
1703:
1665:
1608:
1575:"Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer (2011 edition)"
1526:
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1394:
1372:
1315:
1217:
1168:
1119:
1074:
1055:
1020:
928:
901:
Eheman CR, Shaw KM, Ryerson AB, Miller JW, Ajani UA, White MC (June 2009).
459:
Invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast assayed with anti Mucin 1 antibody.
2023:
1992:"Infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast: the survival impact of race"
1991:
1232:
867:
1829:
1790:
1002:
744:
735:, presence of cancer in small vessels (vascular invasion), expression of
471:
Invasive ductal carcinoma, with occasional entrapped normal ducts (arrow)
232:
208:
90:
2300:
2097:
NOTE: Article really refers to invasive ductal carcinoma, despite title.
1573:
Zhang BN, Cao XC, Chen JY, Chen J, Fu L, Hu XC, et al. (May 2012).
2705:
2512:
2484:
1460:
1443:
1110:
2222:
Telli, Melinda L.; Gradishar, William J.; Ward, John H. (2019-05-01).
1913:
1695:
1199:
1150:
2982:
2775:
2569:
2402:
2312:
951:
424:
2118:
2503:
670:
349:, and the presence or absence of pertinent genes is determined by
224:
3006:
675:
Histopathology of lymphatic invasion by carcinoma, H&E stain
3010:
2374:
1337:
O'Connor DJ, Davey MG, Barkley LR, Kerin MJ (February 2022).
310:
Non-specific skin changes that may be signs of breast cancer.
1552:(21st ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier.
1548:
Colledge NR, Walker BR, Ralston SH, Britton R, eds. (2010).
679:
Lymphovascular invasion is the presence of cancer cells in
806:
the patient. Not all patients are treated the same way.
495:
Invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. H&E stain.
2290:
2228:
Journal of the
National Comprehensive Cancer Network
345:. Immunohistochemical staining is used to establish
3284:
3234:
3207:
3179:
3139:
3132:
3104:
3044:
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2931:
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2511:
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2418:
2409:
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84:
51:
46:
2100:Arpino G, Bardou VJ, Clark GM, Elledge RM (2004).
274:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
186:carcinoma with osteoclast-like stromal giant cells
156:diagnoses in women and is the most common type of
139:invasive ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified
2268:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
160:. It is also the most commonly diagnosed form of
907:Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
152:Invasive carcinoma NST accounts for half of all
80:, with invasive ductal carcinoma at bottom left
1550:Davidson's principles and practice of medicine
1032:
1030:
199:Invasive breast carcinomas are most common in
3022:
2386:
8:
2040:Breast Cancer Metastasis and Drug Resistance
115:invasive breast carcinoma of no special type
1751:Journal of the American College of Surgeons
1234:WHO classification of tumours of the breast
869:WHO classification of tumours of the breast
643:Nuclear size, shape, and staining intensity
599:IIA=T0, N1, M0 or T1, N1, M0 or T2, N0, M0
190:carcinoma with choriocarcinomatous features
3136:
3029:
3015:
3007:
2889:
2771:
2522:
2508:
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2151:Heimann, R.; Hellman, S. (February 2000).
1427:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1265:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
60:
43:
3072:Hereditary breast–ovarian cancer syndrome
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1508:
1459:
1362:
1297:
1207:
1158:
1109:
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1010:
918:
631:Breast cancer classification § Grade
2224:"NCCN Guidelines Updates: Breast Cancer"
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
526:
383:
371:
305:
1090:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
858:
761:
410:
3302:National Breast Cancer Awareness Month
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1420:
1258:
1818:Clinical Medicine Insights. Pathology
1677:
1675:
1396:Rosen's breast pathology Syed A. Hoda
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
991:Clinical Medicine Insights. Pathology
564:M0=no evidence of distant metastases
549:N0=no regional lymph node metastases
443:) appearance of the cut surface of a
107:Invasive carcinoma of no special type
47:Invasive carcinoma of no special type
7:
1684:International Journal of Dermatology
646:Mitotic rate - Rate of cell division
2868:Papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma
1591:10.3978/j.issn.2227-684X.2012.04.07
640:Tendency to form tubular structures
2437:Combined small-cell lung carcinoma
1510:10.1097/01.JAA.0000580524.95733.3d
1299:10.1097/01.JAA.0000580524.95733.3d
25:
3312:List of people with breast cancer
1977:The Breast Cancer Survival Manual
1763:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2009.12.003
194:carcinoma with melanotic features
3199:Hereditary lobular breast cancer
3194:Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC)
3189:Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)
1444:"Global cancer statistics, 2012"
1399:(Fifth ed.). Philadelphia.
1102:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2009.04.003
788:
776:
764:
590:IB=T0, N1mi, M0 or T1, N1mi, M0
488:
476:
464:
452:
432:
413:
3247:Metaplastic breast cancer (MBC)
3166:Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC)
3149:Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
2755:Syringocystadenoma papilliferum
819:Breast cancer § Management
76:, with relative incidences and
2543:Familial adenomatous polyposis
1896:Sinn HP, Kreipe H (May 2013).
1182:Sinn HP, Kreipe H (May 2013).
1133:Sinn HP, Kreipe H (May 2013).
714:Breast cancer § Prognosis
1:
3307:Epidemiology of breast cancer
3154:Paget's disease of the breast
2918:Paget's disease of the breast
2860:Pancreatic serous cystadenoma
2286:Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma
920:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-1082
601:IIB=T2, N1, M0 or T3, N0, M0
131:infiltrating ductal carcinoma
18:Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
2922:Extramammary Paget's disease
2649:Multiple endocrine neoplasia
2157:Journal of Clinical Oncology
1996:Journal of Clinical Oncology
1355:10.1016/j.breast.2021.11.017
362:breast cancer classification
321:Breast cancer classification
298:Breast cancer § History
243:systemic medical therapies.
33:Breast cancer classification
3265:Atypical ductal hyperplasia
2907:Pancreatic ductal carcinoma
2824:Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
2457:Transitional cell carcinoma
2048:10.1007/978-3-030-20301-6_3
1728:. Saunders/Elsevier. 2007.
1493:"Overview of breast cancer"
1491:Watkins EJ (October 2019).
1282:"Overview of breast cancer"
1280:Watkins EJ (October 2019).
838:Atypical ductal hyperplasia
172:type, originating from the
3349:
3257:Inflammatory breast cancer
3242:Medullary breast carcinoma
3114:Breast cancer chemotherapy
2964:Medullary breast carcinoma
2946:Invasive lobular carcinoma
2856:Ovarian serous cystadenoma
2807:Signet ring cell carcinoma
2008:10.1200/JCO.1998.16.8.2693
1648:10.1038/s41598-017-10166-8
1037:Zheng G, Leone JP (2022).
812:
711:
664:
628:
538:T1=tumor size ≤20 mm
378:invasive lobular carcinoma
318:
295:
276:, a sub-department of the
26:
3124:Breast-conserving surgery
2941:Lobular carcinoma in situ
2864:Serous cystadenocarcinoma
2701:Clear-cell adenocarcinoma
2490:Bartholin gland carcinoma
2401:Glandular and epithelial
2169:10.1200/JCO.2000.18.3.591
1875:10.1080/00313020400010906
1786:"Breast Cancer Histology"
1393:Hoda SA, Rosen P (2021).
571:
546:Regional lymph nodes (N)
529:
147:World Health Organization
123:invasive ductal carcinoma
68:
59:
55:Invasive ductal carcinoma
2969:Medullary thyroid cancer
2902:Mammary ductal carcinoma
2837:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
2691:Adenoid cystic carcinoma
2658:Adrenocortical carcinoma
2598:Hepatocellular carcinoma
1812:Makki J (January 2015).
985:Makki J (January 2015).
815:Breast cancer management
618:Distant metastases (M1)
368:Histopathologic criteria
3292:Breast cancer awareness
2447:Squamous-cell carcinoma
2242:(inactive 2024-09-12).
2240:10.6004/jnccn.2019.5006
1726:Robbins basic pathology
843:Collagenous spherulosis
718:Breast cancer screening
667:Lymphovascular invasion
661:Lymphovascular invasion
561:Distant metastasis (M)
358:breast cancer screening
325:Breast cancer screening
37:Breast cancer screening
2830:Pseudomyxoma peritonei
2654:Adrenocortical adenoma
2594:Hepatocellular adenoma
2106:Breast Cancer Research
676:
652:Bloom Richardson Grade
519:Lymph node involvement
402:diagnosis of exclusion
393:
381:
332:histopathological type
311:
178:diagnosis of exclusion
158:invasive breast cancer
111:invasive carcinoma NST
3171:Intraductal papilloma
2992:Acinic cell carcinoma
2716:Papillary hidradenoma
1802:Updated: May 24, 2018
813:Further information:
712:Further information:
674:
629:Further information:
439:Typical macroscopic (
387:
375:
309:
296:Further information:
182:pleomorphic carcinoma
27:Further information:
2820:Mucinous cystadenoma
2679:Neuroendocrine tumor
2616:Renal cell carcinoma
2452:Basal-cell carcinoma
2432:Small-cell carcinoma
1830:10.4137/cpath.s31563
1056:10.1155/2022/1734049
1003:10.4137/cpath.s31563
2956:Medullary carcinoma
2442:Verrucous carcinoma
1640:2017NatSR...7.9254C
1043:Journal of Oncology
866:Lakhani SR (2012).
3261:Precursor lesions
3252:Male breast cancer
2789:Cystadenocarcinoma
2621:Endometrioid tumor
2584:Cholangiocarcinoma
2472:Complex epithelial
2462:Inverted papilloma
1628:Scientific Reports
1461:10.3322/caac.21262
950:Moinfar F (2007).
848:Male breast cancer
733:histological grade
677:
535:Primary tumor (T)
394:
382:
312:
288:Signs and symptoms
162:male breast cancer
3320:
3319:
3280:
3279:
3004:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2977:
2976:
2933:Lobular carcinoma
2877:
2876:
2724:
2723:
2498:
2497:
2368:
2367:
2057:978-3-030-20300-9
1914:10.1159/000350774
1735:978-0-8089-2366-4
1696:10.1111/ijd.15303
1559:978-0-7020-3084-0
1406:978-1-4963-9892-5
1244:978-92-832-4488-2
1200:10.1159/000350774
1151:10.1159/000350774
963:978-3-540-45117-4
879:978-92-832-4488-2
737:hormone receptors
622:
621:
398:lactiferous ducts
104:
103:
41:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
3340:
3209:Fibroepithelials
3137:
3089:Self-examination
3031:
3024:
3017:
3008:
2924:
2894:Ductal carcinoma
2890:
2870:
2826:
2812:Krukenberg tumor
2772:
2626:Renal oncocytoma
2538:Linitis plastica
2527:Gastrointestinal
2523:
2509:
2416:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2372:
2292:
2274:
2273:
2267:
2259:
2234:(5.5): 552–555.
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2203:www.uptodate.com
2195:
2189:
2188:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2131:
2121:
2112:(3): R149–R156.
2094:
2088:
2087:
2077:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2002:(8): 2693–2699.
1987:
1981:
1980:
1972:
1959:
1958:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1925:
1893:
1887:
1886:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1841:
1809:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1784:Abdelmessieh P.
1781:
1775:
1774:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1679:
1670:
1669:
1659:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1602:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1512:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1463:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1426:
1418:
1390:
1377:
1376:
1366:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1301:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1264:
1256:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1211:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1162:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1113:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1068:
1058:
1034:
1025:
1024:
1014:
982:
976:
975:
947:
941:
940:
922:
913:(6): 1763–1769.
898:
892:
891:
863:
792:
780:
768:
527:
492:
480:
468:
456:
436:
417:
64:
44:
21:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3276:
3230:
3226:Phyllodes tumor
3203:
3175:
3161:Comedocarcinoma
3128:
3100:
3040:
3035:
3005:
2996:
2973:
2950:
2927:
2916:
2912:Comedocarcinoma
2885:
2883:
2873:
2854:
2841:
2818:
2793:
2767:
2765:
2759:
2730:
2720:
2667:
2630:
2602:
2575:Somatostatinoma
2518:adenocarcinomas
2516:
2494:
2480:Warthin's tumor
2466:
2405:
2399:
2369:
2364:
2363:
2303:
2282:
2277:
2260:
2221:
2220:
2216:
2207:
2205:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2058:
2036:
2035:
2031:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1979:(4th ed.).
1974:
1973:
1962:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1796:
1794:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1736:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1681:
1680:
1673:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1560:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1419:
1407:
1392:
1391:
1380:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1257:
1245:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1036:
1035:
1028:
984:
983:
979:
964:
949:
948:
944:
900:
899:
895:
880:
865:
864:
860:
856:
834:
821:
803:
796:
793:
784:
781:
772:
769:
720:
710:
693:
669:
663:
633:
627:
553:micrometastases
521:
512:
503:
496:
493:
484:
481:
472:
469:
460:
457:
448:
437:
428:
418:
370:
347:receptor status
327:
319:Main articles:
317:
300:
290:
262:
249:
221:receptor-status
70:Histopathologic
42:
39:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3346:
3344:
3336:
3335:
3325:
3324:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3272:Nipple adenoma
3269:
3268:
3267:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3217:
3215:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3185:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3145:
3143:
3134:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3110:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3081:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3059:
3057:Classification
3054:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3011:
3002:
3001:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2988:
2986:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2960:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2937:
2935:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2887:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2851:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2803:
2801:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2781:
2779:
2769:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2734:
2732:
2731:skin appendage
2726:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2675:
2673:
2672:Other/multiple
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2600:
2591:
2589:Klatskin tumor
2586:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2546:
2545:
2540:
2531:
2529:
2520:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2476:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2428:
2426:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2375:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2350:
2339:
2320:
2304:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:Classification
2289:
2288:
2281:
2280:External links
2278:
2276:
2275:
2214:
2190:
2163:(3): 591–599.
2143:
2119:10.1186/bcr767
2089:
2056:
2029:
1982:
1960:
1937:
1908:(2): 149–154.
1888:
1853:
1804:
1776:
1757:(3): 314–318.
1741:
1734:
1717:
1690:(4): 394–406.
1671:
1614:
1565:
1558:
1540:
1483:
1434:
1405:
1378:
1329:
1272:
1243:
1223:
1194:(2): 149–154.
1174:
1145:(2): 149–154.
1125:
1096:(2): 141–155.
1080:
1026:
977:
962:
942:
893:
878:
857:
855:
852:
851:
850:
845:
840:
833:
830:
802:
799:
798:
797:
794:
787:
785:
782:
775:
773:
770:
763:
709:
706:
692:
689:
681:lymph channels
665:Main article:
662:
659:
648:
647:
644:
641:
626:
623:
620:
619:
616:
612:
611:
608:
604:
603:
597:
593:
592:
588:IA=T1, N0, M0
586:
582:
581:
578:
574:
573:
569:
568:
562:
558:
557:
547:
543:
542:
536:
532:
531:
520:
517:
511:
508:
502:
499:
498:
497:
494:
487:
485:
482:
475:
473:
470:
463:
461:
458:
451:
449:
438:
431:
429:
419:
412:
390:adenocarcinoma
369:
366:
316:
313:
289:
286:
261:
258:
248:
245:
203:, followed by
170:adenocarcinoma
102:
101:
99:Breast surgery
88:
82:
81:
66:
65:
57:
56:
53:
49:
48:
40:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3345:
3334:
3333:Breast cancer
3331:
3330:
3328:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3233:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3131:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3078:
3077:BRCA mutation
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3052:Breast cancer
3050:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3038:Breast cancer
3032:
3027:
3025:
3020:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3009:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2886:and medullary
2880:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2796:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2770:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2727:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2396:
2391:
2389:
2384:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2360:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2297:
2293:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2271:
2265:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2218:
2215:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2090:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2033:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1983:
1978:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1941:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1892:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1854:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1805:
1793:
1792:
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1579:Gland Surgery
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1503:(10): 13–17.
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1454:(2): 87–108.
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1292:(10): 13–17.
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724:
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715:
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685:blood vessels
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206:
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197:
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187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
154:breast cancer
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
100:
96:
92:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
74:breast cancer
71:
67:
63:
58:
54:
50:
45:
38:
34:
30:
29:Breast cancer
19:
3221:Fibroadenoma
3062:Risk factors
2743:Hidrocystoma
2737:
2663:Hürthle cell
2644:Prolactinoma
2549:
2534:
2352:
2341:
2322:
2307:
2264:cite journal
2231:
2227:
2217:
2206:. Retrieved
2202:
2193:
2160:
2156:
2146:
2109:
2105:
2096:
2092:
2039:
2032:
1999:
1995:
1985:
1976:
1946:
1940:
1905:
1901:
1891:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1821:
1817:
1807:
1795:. Retrieved
1789:
1779:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1725:
1720:
1687:
1683:
1631:
1627:
1617:
1585:(1): 39–61.
1582:
1578:
1568:
1549:
1543:
1500:
1496:
1486:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1395:
1346:
1342:
1332:
1289:
1285:
1275:
1233:
1226:
1191:
1187:
1177:
1142:
1138:
1128:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1046:
1042:
994:
990:
980:
956:. Springer.
952:
945:
910:
906:
896:
868:
861:
826:
822:
808:
804:
757:
753:
749:
725:
721:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:DNA analysis
678:
656:
649:
634:
600:
589:
565:
550:
539:
530:Description
522:
513:
504:
406:
395:
355:
328:
301:
291:
282:
272:In 2012 the
271:
267:
263:
254:
250:
247:Epidemiology
214:
198:
193:
189:
185:
181:
174:breast ducts
151:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
105:
3297:Pink ribbon
2785:Cystadenoma
2738:sweat gland
2729:Adnexal and
2560:Glucagonoma
1945:Nelson HD.
1902:Breast Care
1634:(1): 9254.
1188:Breast Care
1139:Breast Care
1111:10447/42635
1049:: 1734049.
723:screening.
351:DNA testing
260:Terminology
229:neoadjuvant
217:DNA markers
201:White women
95:Dermatology
52:Other names
3119:Mastectomy
2768:and serous
2711:Cylindroma
2696:Oncocytoma
2608:Urogenital
2565:Gastrinoma
2555:Insulinoma
2411:Epithelium
2208:2023-02-03
2199:"UpToDate"
1869:(6): 595.
1797:2019-10-04
1415:1224297918
854:References
510:Tumor size
445:mastectomy
421:Mastectomy
3106:Treatment
3096:Treatment
3084:Screening
2766:mucinous,
2748:Syringoma
2684:Carcinoid
2636:Endocrine
2424:carcinoma
2420:Papilloma
2248:1540-1413
2177:0732-183X
2066:0065-2598
2016:0732-183X
1955:948775981
1883:0031-3025
1863:Pathology
1824:: 23–31.
1712:227134680
1535:202562564
1519:1547-1896
1423:cite book
1324:202562564
1308:1547-1896
1261:cite book
1253:956377388
997:: 23–31.
972:634182636
888:956377388
801:Treatment
741:oncogenes
728:prognosis
708:Prognosis
392:features.
315:Diagnosis
237:radiation
166:carcinoma
86:Specialty
78:prognoses
72:types of
3327:Category
2884:lobular,
2799:Mucinous
2550:pancreas
2513:Adenomas
2256:31117035
2185:10653874
2138:15084238
2084:31456178
1975:Link J.
1932:24415964
1848:26740749
1791:Medscape
1771:20193894
1704:33226140
1666:28835702
1609:25083426
1527:31513033
1478:34813938
1470:25651787
1373:34864494
1349:: 1–10.
1316:31513033
1237:. Lyon.
1218:24415964
1169:24415964
1120:19427229
1075:35656339
1021:26740749
937:34686873
929:19454615
832:See also
745:HER2/neu
241:adjuvant
233:surgical
209:Hispanic
91:Oncology
3213:stromal
3181:Lobular
3067:Alcohol
3045:General
2882:Ductal,
2778:general
2764:Cystic,
2706:Apudoma
2485:Thymoma
2359:D018270
2348:M8500/3
2075:6941147
2024:9704719
1923:3683948
1839:4689326
1657:5569011
1636:Bibcode
1600:4115707
1364:8649952
1209:3683948
1160:3683948
1066:9155932
1012:4689326
739:and of
683:and/or
625:Grading
501:Staging
252:cases.
168:of the
149:(WHO).
119:IBC-NST
3141:Ductal
2983:Acinar
2847:Serous
2776:Cystic
2570:VIPoma
2535:tract:
2504:Glands
2403:cancer
2254:
2246:
2183:
2175:
2136:
2129:400666
2126:
2082:
2072:
2064:
2054:
2022:
2014:
1953:
1930:
1920:
1881:
1846:
1836:
1769:
1732:
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1607:
1597:
1556:
1533:
1525:
1517:
1476:
1468:
1413:
1403:
1371:
1361:
1343:Breast
1322:
1314:
1306:
1251:
1241:
1216:
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1157:
1118:
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1063:
1019:
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960:
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876:
716:, and
572:Stage
425:nipple
338:, and
239:, and
192:, and
35:, and
3285:Other
3235:Other
3133:Types
2343:ICD-O
1708:S2CID
1531:S2CID
1497:JAAPA
1474:S2CID
1320:S2CID
1286:JAAPA
933:S2CID
743:like
580:DCIS
551:N1mi=
441:gross
343:(TNM)
340:stage
336:grade
225:BRCA1
205:Black
137:) or
2985:cell
2354:MeSH
2328:9-CM
2270:link
2252:PMID
2244:ISSN
2181:PMID
2173:ISSN
2134:PMID
2080:PMID
2062:ISSN
2052:ISBN
2020:PMID
2012:ISSN
1951:OCLC
1928:PMID
1879:ISSN
1844:PMID
1767:PMID
1730:ISBN
1700:PMID
1662:PMID
1605:PMID
1554:ISBN
1523:PMID
1515:ISSN
1466:PMID
1429:link
1411:OCLC
1401:ISBN
1369:PMID
1312:PMID
1304:ISSN
1267:link
1249:OCLC
1239:ISBN
1214:PMID
1165:PMID
1116:PMID
1071:PMID
1047:2022
1017:PMID
968:OCLC
958:ISBN
925:PMID
884:OCLC
874:ISBN
817:and
726:The
607:III
360:and
323:and
219:and
207:and
2337:175
2333:174
2324:ICD
2318:C50
2309:ICD
2236:doi
2165:doi
2124:PMC
2114:doi
2070:PMC
2044:doi
2004:doi
1918:PMC
1910:doi
1871:doi
1834:PMC
1826:doi
1759:doi
1755:210
1692:doi
1652:PMC
1644:doi
1595:PMC
1587:doi
1505:doi
1456:doi
1359:PMC
1351:doi
1294:doi
1204:PMC
1196:doi
1155:PMC
1147:doi
1106:hdl
1098:doi
1061:PMC
1051:doi
1007:PMC
999:doi
915:doi
615:IV
596:II
278:WHO
143:NOS
135:IDC
129:),
127:IDC
121:),
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