592:
corticosteroids or
Ifosfamide-based chemotherapy. Of these 9 patients, none had complete responses; 6 had partial responses; 1 had steady disease; and 2 had progressive disease. There were no deaths among the 59 patients. The various drug regimens showed little differences in effectiveness although patients treated with ALK inhibitors trended to have longer response times. Another retrospective study evaluated the response of 17 patients (aged 22–46 years; median age 32 years) with advanced disease to Adriamycin-based chemotherapy regimens, i.e. Adriamycin alone, Adriamycin + Ifosfamide, or Adriamicin + other chemotherapy drugs. No patients had a complete response, 8 patients had partial responses, 4 patients had steady disease, and 5 patients had progressive disease. Progression-free survival and overall survival times for the group were 6.6 and 21.2 months, respectively. The study also evaluated 9 patients (aged 12–31 years, median age 16) treated with methotrexate + vinblastine, methotrexate +
43:
635:
responses, 14 partial responses, 2 stable disease, and 2 recurrences after finishing ALK inhibitor treatment. The latter two patients obtained complete responses to retreatment with crizotinib (1 case) or a second generation ALK inhibitor, ceritinib (1 case). A study of 14 pediatric patients with metastatic or inoperable ALK-positive IMT were treated with crizotinib: 5 patients obtained complete responses, 7 partial responses, and 2 stable disease. Over the study period (2–63 months), no patient developed progressive disease. Numerous
596:, or vinblastine + vinorelbine; 2 patients attained complete responses, 3 attained partial responses, 2 had steady disease, and 2 had progressive disease; this groups' progression-free time was not reached while its overall survival time was 83.4 months. The study concluded that the Adriamycin-based and methotrexate/vinblastine/vinorelbine regimens have a high degree of activity in IMT. Due to the low numbers of patients evaluated, no conclusions could be made on which regimen(s) were most effective.
87:, xanthomatous pseudotumor, solitary mast cell granuloma, inflammatory fibrosarcoma, pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferation, myofibroblastoma, inflammatory myofibrohistiocytic proliferation, and other tumors that develop from connective tissue cells. Inflammatory pseudotumour is a generic term applied to various neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissue lesions which share a common microscopic appearance consisting of spindle cells and a prominent presence of the
608:, on 12 ALK-positive IMT adults who had persistent and/or metastatic disease following surgical and/or drug treatment: 2 patients had complete responses, 4 had partial responses, 5 had steady disease, and none had progressive disease; 9 of these patients had at least 1 year of progression-free survival but one patient died of the disease. A review of previously published IMT patients of all ages found that:
238:). Apparently, the age and organ/tissue distribution of IMT various with the patient population examined: in general it can present in individuals of almost any age and in almost any organ or tissue site. IMT most commonly presents as a tumor localized to a single site but may be associated with distal
98:
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor was initially regarded as a benign tumor that most often developed in the lung and less commonly in almost any organ system or tissue. Over time, however, IMT cases occurred in which the tumor spread into local tissues, metastasized to distal tissues, recurred after
591:
chemotherapy. Of these 19 patients, 4 had complete responses, 8 partial responses, 5 stable disease, and 2 progressive disease. Nine patients had macroscopic disease post-surgery; 5 of these patients received vincristine + methotrexate; 2 received ALK inhibitors; and 1 each received either high-dose
555:
In one retrospective study, 59 patients (all <25 years old) with IMT where treated with surgery. 31 had no residual disease post-surgery; 4 of these patients had local relapses, 3 of whom were again treated surgically and 1 with surgery plus chemotherapy. Nineteen had microscopic residual disease
209:
found the mean age of disease onset was 47.4 years with peak occurrences at 0 to 4, 36 to 40, and >50 years old; middle-aged individuals (41 to 64 years) represented 1/3 of all cases. In this study, the commonest sites of tumor occurrence were the lower limb and hip (22% of cases), upper limb and
629:
6 patients with progressive disease after surgery (due to multifocal or unifocal disease in inaccessible sites) had complete responses (2 cases), partial responses (2 cases), stable disease (1 case), or progressive disease (1 case) in response to crizotinib. Two of these crizotinib-treated patients
430:
gene on the long, i.e. "q" arm of chromosome 17 at position 13 (notated 17q23) to form a chimeric gene notated as t(2;17)(p23;q23). This chimeric gene makes a CLTC-ALK fusion protein with uncontrolled ALK serine/threonine-specific protein kinase activity. Other genes that fuse with AKT found in IMT
551:
Many sources recommend that localized IMT be treated with total resection of all tumorous tissues. Localized tumor recurrences may likewise be treated by total resection. There is little support for adding radiation or systemic chemotherapy to this regimen. Tumors that are not resectable, occur in
741:
Casanova M, Brennan B, Alaggio R, Kelsey A, Orbach D, van Noesel MM, Corradini N, Minard-Colin V, Zanetti I, Bisogno G, Gallego S, Merks JH, De Salvo GL, Ferrari A (March 2020). "Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: The experience of the
European pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG)".
543:
cases. The neoplastic cells in the tumors of 50% to 60% of IMT cases and 100% of EIMS cases express an ALK fusion protein. Other genetic abnormalities occur in these cells. Testing for the presence of the ALK fusion protein and other genetic abnormalities (see next section) can help diagnose IMT.
542:
and examined under the microscope), collagenous, or mixed myxoid-collagenous matrix, <5% spindle cells, and an inflammatory cell infiltrate that in most cases consists predominantly of neutrophils or, less often, small lymphocytes or eosinophils; plasma cells occur in only a minority of EIMS
634:
Another study reviewed 29 pediatric patients (age 15 months to 17 years) who were treated with an ALK inhibitor followed by surgical removal of the tumor (5 cases), surgical tumor removal followed by an ALK inhibitor (12 cases), or an ALK inhibitor without surgery. Twelve patients had complete
2035:"Crizotinib in patients with advanced, inoperable inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours with and without anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene alterations (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer 90101 CREATE): a multicentre, single-drug, prospective, non-randomised phase 2 trial"
1171:
Mariño-Enríquez A, Wang WL, Roy A, Lopez-Terrada D, Lazar AJ, Fletcher CD, Coffin CM, Hornick JL (January 2011). "Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma: An aggressive intra-abdominal variant of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor with nuclear membrane or perinuclear ALK".
82:
which support virtually all of the organs and tissues of the body. IMT was formerly termed inflammatory pseudotumor. Currently, however, inflammatory pseudotumor designates a large and heterogeneous group of soft tissue tumors that includes inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor,
1332:
Craig E, Wiltsie LM, Beaupin LK, Baig A, Kozielski R, Rothstein DH, Li V, Twist CJ, Barth M (February 2021). "Anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor therapy in the treatment of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors in pediatric patients: Case reports and literature review".
242:
in up to 5% of all cases or up to 10% of cases in which the tumor cells express an ALK fusion protein. The tumors range in size from 1–25 cm (average 6.5 cm) with two-thirds being 1.5–6.5 cm. In rare cases, the tumors have spontaneously regressed.
210:
shoulder (12% of cases), and head, face, and neck (9% of cases). Another recent study of 25 patients found the commonest sites of IMT were the abdomen (40% of cases) and lung/thoracic wall (32% of cases). Individual IMT cases are also reported to present in the
161:(ALK). It is not clear whether this inflammation, the genetic abnormalities, or both contribute to the development of IMT but drugs blocking the activities of the fusion proteins made by these genetic abnormalities may be useful in treating the disease.
1275:
Baldi GG, Brahmi M, Lo Vullo S, Cojocaru E, Mir O, Casanova M, Vincenzi B, De Pas TM, Grignani G, Pantaleo MA, Blay JY, Jones RL, Le Cesne A, Frezza AM, Gronchi A, Collini P, Dei Tos AP, Morosi C, Mariani L, Casali PG, Stacchiotti S (November 2020).
246:
Individuals with IMT present with a wide range of symptoms (e.g. pain, swelling, a mass, organ dysfunction, etc.) depending on the tumor location(s). Up to 1/3 of these individuals have symptoms of systemic inflammation such as fever, chills,
2015:
498:
that may promote the development of cancer) merge with other genes. The fusion protein products of these chimeric genes, like those of ALK fusion proteins, are overproduced, overactive, and thereby may contribute to the development of IMT.
2032:
Schöffski P, Sufliarsky J, Gelderblom H, Blay JY, Strauss SJ, Stacchiotti S, Rutkowski P, Lindner LH, Leahy MG, Italiano A, Isambert N, Debiec-Rychter M, Sciot R, Van Cann T, Marréaud S, Nzokirantevye A, Collette S, Wozniak A (June 2018).
599:
In addition to the report that compared the effect of ALK-inhibitors to other therapy regimens detailed in the previous paragraph, several reports have focused primarily on small numbers of IMT patients treated with an ALK inhibitor. The
538:. The epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma subtype of IMT shows sheets of epithelioid to round cells within a myxoid (i.e. appears blue or purple compared to the normal red appearance of connective tissue when appropriately
639:
studies have had similar results in treated IMT with ALK inhibitors. However, ALK inhibitors have serious side effects; in on study, crizotinib treatment was associated with pneumonia, fever of unknown cause, heart attack,
616:
2 patients (1 with unifocal, 1 with multifocal disease) that had persistent disease after surgery and previously treated with chemotherapy had partial responses to crizotinib while 1 patient previously treated with a
1476:
Castagnola E, Fioredda F, Barretta MA, Pescetto L, Garaventa A, Lanino E, Micalizzi C, Giacchino R, Dini G (June 2001). "Bacillus sphaericus bacteraemia in children with cancer: case reports and literature review".
664:, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is active on ROS1 and NRTK as well as AKT, has shown clinically significant activity in individual cases of patients with IMT expressing ROS1, NRTK, and/or an ALK fusion proteins.
798:
Theilen TM, Soerensen J, Bochennek K, Becker M, Schwabe D, Rolle U, Klingebiel T, Lehrnbecher T (April 2018). "Crizotinib in ALK+ inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors-Current experience and future perspectives".
318:
118:
IMT lesions typically consist of, and are defined by, myofibrolastic spindle cells, i.e. specialized cells that are longer than wide, have a microscopic appearance that merges the appearances of
601:
1868:
Ma Z, Hill DA, Collins MH, Morris SW, Sumegi J, Zhou M, Zuppan C, Bridge JA (May 2003). "Fusion of ALK to the Ran-binding protein 2 (RANBP2) gene in inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor".
2342:
1547:
Karnak I, Senocak ME, Ciftci AO, Cağlar M, Bingöl-Koloğlu M, Tanyel FC, Büyükpamukçu N (June 2001). "Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in children: diagnosis and treatment".
1217:"Clinicopathological Study of 18 Cases of Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumors with Reference to ALK-1 Expression: 5-Year Experience in a Tertiary Care Center"
265:
202:
2172:"Efficacy and Resistance of ALK Inhibitors in Two Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor Patients with ALK Fusions Assessed by Whole Exome and RNA Sequencing"
138:(which may have rounded shapes) with only a minor component of spindle cells. Tumors with these characteristics are regarded as a subtype of IMT termed
2082:"Targeting ALK With Crizotinib in Pediatric Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma and Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor: A Children's Oncology Group Study"
2391:
DEMIR, Ömer Faruk, et al. Surgical treatment outcomes of pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors. Annals of
Thoracic Medicine, 2022, 17.1: 44.
389:
107:, 2013, and current literature commonly describe inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor as a neoplasm with intermediate malignant potential or a rarely
416:
elements. Activation of these elements stimulates cell growth, proliferation, survival, and other tumor-promoting behaviors. As an example of this
112:
111:
neoplasm. In 2020, the World Health
Organization reclassified IMT as a specific tumor form in the category of intermediate (rarely metastasizing)
401:
1825:
Debiec-Rychter M, Marynen P, Hagemeijer A, Pauwels P (October 2003). "ALK-ATIC fusion in urinary bladder inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor".
1968:"Over expression of CDK4 and MDM2 in a patient with recurrent ALK-negative mediastinal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: A case report"
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Bonvini P, Rossi E, Zin A, Manicone M, Vidotto R, Facchinetti A, Tombolan L, Affinita MC, Santoro L, Zamarchi R, Bisogno G (2021).
2131:"Sustained complete response on crizotinib in primary lung inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor – Case report and literature review"
1278:"The Activity of Chemotherapy in Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumors: A Multicenter, European Retrospective Case Series Analysis"
683:
2406:
2272:"Case Report: Circulating Tumor Cells as a Response Biomarker in ALK-Positive Metastatic Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor"
2170:
Zhang C, Wang Z, Zhuang R, Guo X, Feng Y, Shen F, Liu W, Zhang Y, Tong H, Sun W, Liu J, Wang G, Dai C, Lu W, Zhou Y (2020).
2411:
490:
42:
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Banerjee C, Bustamante CI, Wharton R, Talley E, Wade JC (August 1988). "Bacillus infections in patients with cancer".
612:
4 patients (3 with unifocal, 1 with multifocal disease) without prior treatment had complete responses to crizotinin;
1582:
1378:"A Pancreatic Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor with Spontaneous Remission: A Case Report with a Literature Review"
2223:"Entrectinib in Two Pediatric Patients With Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumors Harboring ROS1 or ALK Gene Fusions"
673:
158:
115:. In all events, IMT is a rare tumor with a reported incidence in 2009 of 150–200 cases/year in the United States.
2080:
Mossé YP, Voss SD, Lim MS, Rolland D, Minard CG, Fox E, Adamson P, Wilner K, Blaney SM, Weigel BJ (October 2017).
1583:"Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program"
1142:
417:
369:
287:
206:
186:
104:
495:
314:
1095:"Anaplastic lymphoma kinase: role in cancer pathogenesis and small-molecule inhibitor development for therapy"
704:"Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program"
341:
usage. The relationship (i.e. cause or merely association) of these disease relationships to IMT is unknown.
2371:
898:"Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the thigh: presentation of a rare case and review of the literature"
552:
inaccessible sites, are multifocal, or have metastasized are treated with aggressive therapeutic regimens.
310:
190:
17:
393:
350:
235:
84:
424:
gene located on the short or "p" arm of chromosome 2 at position 23 (notated as 2p23) merges with the
349:
The neoplastic cells in 50–60% of IMT and all cases of EIMS express an abnormal ALK protein made by a
277:
271:
1925:
Panagopoulos I, Nilsson T, Domanski HA, Isaksson M, Lindblom P, Mertens F, Mandahl N (March 2006).
1912:"SEC31A SEC31 homolog A, COPII coat complex component [Homo sapiens (Human)] – Gene – NCBI"
1093:
Webb TR, Slavish J, George RE, Look AT, Xue L, Jiang Q, Cui X, Rentrop WB, Morris SW (March 2009).
649:
231:
2062:
1893:
1850:
1358:
1197:
824:
767:
515:
123:
1005:"Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: A demographic, clinical and therapeutic study of 92 cases"
201:, or other sites. However, a more recent retrospective study of 92 patients accumulated by the
169:
IMT was regarded as a tumor that occurs in children or young adults and presented in the lung,
2303:
2252:
2203:
2152:
2111:
2054:
1997:
1948:
1885:
1842:
1793:
1739:
1688:
1637:
1564:
1529:
1494:
1458:
1409:
1350:
1307:
1246:
1189:
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1075:
1026:
970:
929:
878:
816:
759:
519:
227:
135:
88:
79:
1376:
Matsubayashi H, Uesaka K, Sasaki K, Shimada S, Takada K, Ishiwatari H, Ono H (October 2019).
2293:
2283:
2242:
2234:
2193:
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2142:
2101:
2093:
2046:
1987:
1979:
1938:
1877:
1834:
1783:
1775:
1729:
1719:
1706:
Martorana F, Motta G, Pavone G, Motta L, Stella S, Vitale SR, Manzella L, Vigneri P (2021).
1678:
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1521:
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1106:
1065:
1057:
1016:
960:
919:
909:
868:
858:
808:
751:
657:
510:
examination of the tumors in IMT generally reveals myofibroblastic spindle cell sheets in a
301:
130:), occur in normal as well as tumor tissues, and in normal tissues are commonly designated
636:
557:
481:
360:. ALK, i.e. anaplastic lymphoma kinase (also termed protein kinase B), is produced by the
282:
211:
182:
174:
1525:
1215:
Telugu RB, Prabhu AJ, Kalappurayil NB, Mathai J, Gnanamuthu BR, Manipadam MT (May 2017).
1966:
Hou TC, Wu PS, Huang WY, Yang YT, Tan KT, Liu SH, Chen YJ, Chen SJ, Su YW (March 2020).
703:
2347:
2298:
2271:
2247:
2222:
2198:
2171:
2106:
2081:
1992:
1967:
1788:
1763:
1734:
1707:
1683:
1656:
1404:
1377:
1302:
1277:
1241:
1216:
1119:
1094:
1070:
1045:
924:
897:
896:
Savvidou OD, Sakellariou VI, Papakonstantinou O, Skarpidi E, Papagelopoulos PJ (2015).
873:
846:
618:
507:
413:
385:
338:
334:
178:
154:
2050:
1453:
1428:
2400:
1362:
771:
678:
631:
588:
580:
572:
373:
127:
108:
54:
1897:
1854:
1620:
Amador C, Feldman AL (March 2021). "How I Diagnose
Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma".
1293:
1201:
2066:
1346:
828:
568:
565:
523:
511:
409:
405:
381:
248:
146:
92:
2034:
1764:"Anaplastic lymphoma kinase fusions: Roles in cancer and therapeutic perspectives"
539:
372:
with a gene located at another site on the same or different chromosome to form a
58:
1597:"AKT1 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI"
1185:
2135:
Monaldi
Archives for Chest Disease = Archivio Monaldi per le Malattie del Torace
1983:
661:
593:
576:
561:
535:
531:
527:
219:
198:
131:
1394:
755:
2147:
2130:
1927:"Fusion of the SEC31L1 and ALK genes in an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor"
1724:
622:
605:
584:
433:
397:
239:
223:
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119:
100:
75:
50:
2288:
2097:
1110:
149:
white blood cells and in most cases tumor cells that express highly abnormal
1673:
1560:
1232:
965:
948:
556:
post-surgery. Post-surgery, 6 of these patients were treated with high-dose
326:
256:
218:, and parameningeal spaces (i.e. sites adjacent to the meninges such as the
170:
150:
2307:
2256:
2207:
2156:
2115:
2058:
2001:
1952:
1889:
1846:
1797:
1743:
1692:
1641:
1633:
1568:
1498:
1490:
1413:
1354:
1311:
1250:
1193:
1128:
1079:
1061:
1046:"The 2020 WHO Classification of Soft Tissue Tumours: news and perspectives"
1030:
974:
933:
882:
820:
763:
177:
or, less commonly, heart, liver, spleen, pancreas, colon, small intestine,
1911:
1533:
914:
863:
476:. IMT cases may express other chimeric genes in which the active parts of
2366:
1779:
1462:
1444:
251:, and weight loss. Rare cases of IMT have developed in individuals with:
194:
71:
2334:
2238:
2188:
1811:
1596:
1021:
1004:
1429:"Pseudotumour of the lung caused by infection with Bacillus sphaericus"
645:
488:(coding for a protein that may promote the development of cancer), and
322:
306:
1943:
1926:
1881:
1838:
812:
847:"Inflammatory Pseudotumor: A 20-Year Single Institutional Experience"
641:
485:
460:
296:
1655:
Ducray SP, Natarajan K, Garland GD, Turner SD, Egger G (July 2019).
319:
Epstein–Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative malignant diseases
134:. However, the lesions in some IMF cases are dominated by sheets of
1657:"The Transcriptional Roles of ALK Fusion Proteins in Tumorigenesis"
99:
treatment, or consisted of neoplastic cells that had pro-malignant
1427:
Isaacson P, Jacobs PH, Mackenzie AM, Mathews AW (September 1976).
587:-based chemotherapy; and 1 with cyclophosphamide + vinchristine +
437:
1708:"AKT Inhibitors: New Weapons in the Fight Against Breast Cancer?"
2129:
Mittal A, Gupta A, Dhamija E, Barwad A, Rastogi S (March 2021).
477:
451:
445:
441:
426:
357:
653:
522:); the matrix also contains inflammatory cells, particularly
1003:
Fu GX, Xu CC, Yao NF, Gu JZ, Jiang HL, Han XF (July 2019).
625:, continued to have progressive disease on crizotinib; and
602:
949:"Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours: where are we now?"
53:
of an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the kidney.
1762:
Cao Z, Gao Q, Fu M, Ni N, Pei Y, Ou WB (February 2019).
630:
with progressive disease had near complete responses to
2221:
Ambati SR, Slotkin EK, Chow-Maneval E, Basu EM (2018).
376:
consisting of a part of the new gene and a part of the
384:
for ALK's activity. This chimeric gene overproduces a
845:
Ajani MA, Fatunla EO, Onakpoma FA, Salami AA (2020).
2324:
2357:
2328:
32:
27:
157:such as those that contain the active portion of
1044:Sbaraglia M, Bellan E, Dei Tos AP (April 2021).
514:(i.e. a background matrix containing gelatinous
145:The tumors in IMT and EIMS consistently contain
140:epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma
36:Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma
2027:
2025:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1221:Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine
1166:
1164:
1162:
468:chimeric genes occur in the EMIS form of IMT),
91:that populate chronic or, less commonly, acute
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
840:
838:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
736:
734:
732:
730:
728:
726:
724:
674:Anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive neoplasias
8:
480:(found in 10% of IFT cases and coding for a
604:evaluated the effect of the ALK-inhibitor,
203:Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results
2325:
1174:The American Journal of Surgical Pathology
41:
24:
2297:
2287:
2246:
2197:
2187:
2146:
2105:
1991:
1942:
1787:
1733:
1723:
1682:
1672:
1452:
1403:
1393:
1301:
1240:
1118:
1069:
1020:
964:
923:
913:
872:
862:
1009:Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering
390:serine/threonine-specific protein kinase
2384:
695:
392:that directly or indirectly stimulates
335:ventriculoperitoneal shunt in the brain
113:fibroblastic and myofibroblastic tumors
1622:American Journal of Clinical Pathology
388:with excessive ALK activity. ALK is a
295:, a rare cause of lung infections and
947:Gleason BC, Hornick JL (April 2008).
652:, and the development of an abnormal
7:
1526:10.1001/archinte.1988.00380080059017
333:previous abdominal surgery; trauma;
1099:Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy
28:Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour
266:Mycobacterium avium intracellulare
68:Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
14:
1479:The Journal of Hospital Infection
103:abnormalities. Consequently, the
2039:The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine
1382:Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
632:second generation ALK inhibitors
1931:International Journal of Cancer
1870:Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer
1827:Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer
1294:10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0352
1143:"spindle cells - Google Search"
684:Inflammatory myeloblastic tumor
1347:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.02.004
275:(pneumonia-causing bacteria);
1:
2051:10.1016/S2213-2600(18)30116-4
1514:Archives of Internal Medicine
1433:Journal of Clinical Pathology
953:Journal of Clinical Pathology
484:which promotes cell growth),
2086:Journal of Clinical Oncology
1549:Journal of Pediatric Surgery
1335:Journal of Pediatric Surgery
1186:10.1097/PAS.0b013e318200cfd5
851:Advanced Biomedical Research
801:Pediatric Blood & Cancer
1984:10.1097/MD.0000000000019577
902:Case Reports in Orthopedics
2428:
1395:10.3390/diagnostics9040150
756:10.1016/j.ejca.2019.12.021
744:European Journal of Cancer
329:of intrahepatic veins; or
159:anaplastic lymphoma kinase
15:
2148:10.4081/monaldi.2021.1586
1725:10.3389/fphar.2021.662232
1712:Frontiers in Pharmacology
708:rarediseases.info.nih.gov
650:acute renal insufficiency
418:chromosomal translocation
337:; radiation therapy; and
288:Lysinibacillus sphaericus
207:National Cancer Institute
105:World Health Organization
49:
40:
2289:10.3389/fped.2021.652583
2098:10.1200/JCO.2017.73.4830
1111:10.1586/14737140.9.3.331
530:occasionally mixed with
496:receptor tyrosine kinase
315:infectious mononucleosis
2276:Frontiers in Pediatrics
2176:OncoTargets and Therapy
1674:10.3390/cancers11081074
1561:10.1053/jpsu.2001.23970
1233:10.4132/jptm.2017.01.12
966:10.1136/jcp.2007.049387
345:Molecular abnormalities
2227:JCO Precision Oncology
1491:10.1053/jhin.2001.0995
1062:10.32074/1591-951X-213
205:(SEER) program of the
191:central nervous system
18:Myofibroblastic tumors
2407:Soft tissue disorders
864:10.4103/abr.abr_48_20
351:somatic recombination
236:pterygopalatine fossa
85:plasma cell granuloma
2412:IgG4-related disease
1780:10.3892/ol.2018.9856
1634:10.1093/ajcp/aqab012
1601:www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
1445:10.1136/jcp.29.9.806
278:Campylobacter jejuni
272:Corynebacterium equi
181:, prostate, uterus,
78:cells that form the
2239:10.1200/PO.18.00095
2189:10.2147/OTT.S270481
1288:(11): e1777–e1784.
1022:10.3934/mbe.2019339
915:10.1155/2015/814241
516:mucopolysaccharides
325:-related occlusive
293:Bacillus sphaericus
291:(previously termed
232:infratemporal fossa
124:smooth muscle cells
2358:External resources
520:glycosaminoglycans
364:gene. In IMT, the
311:Epstein–Barr virus
165:Signs and symptoms
80:connective tissues
2381:
2380:
2092:(28): 3215–3221.
1944:10.1002/ijc.21490
1882:10.1002/gcc.10177
1839:10.1002/gcc.10267
1341:(12): 2364–2371.
813:10.1002/pbc.26920
573:inhibitors of ALK
518:and non-sulfated
512:myxoid background
464:(most if not all
228:paranasal sinuses
153:(cancer-causing)
136:epithelioid cells
89:white blood cells
65:
64:
22:Medical condition
2419:
2392:
2389:
2326:
2312:
2311:
2301:
2291:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2250:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2201:
2191:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2150:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2109:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2029:
2020:
2019:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1995:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1946:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1791:
1774:(2): 2020–2030.
1768:Oncology Letters
1759:
1748:
1747:
1737:
1727:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1686:
1676:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1456:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1407:
1397:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1329:
1316:
1315:
1305:
1272:
1255:
1254:
1244:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1168:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1122:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1073:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1024:
1015:(6): 6794–6804.
1000:
979:
978:
968:
944:
938:
937:
927:
917:
893:
887:
886:
876:
866:
842:
833:
832:
795:
776:
775:
738:
719:
718:
716:
714:
700:
302:Coxiella burneti
147:pro-inflammatory
70:(IMT) is a rare
45:
25:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2353:
2352:
2337:
2323:
2316:
2315:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2182:: 10335–10342.
2169:
2168:
2164:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2031:
2030:
2023:
2014:
2013:
2009:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1867:
1866:
1862:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1761:
1760:
1751:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1605:
1603:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1511:
1510:
1506:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1331:
1330:
1319:
1274:
1273:
1258:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1170:
1169:
1160:
1151:
1149:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1002:
1001:
982:
946:
945:
941:
895:
894:
890:
844:
843:
836:
797:
796:
779:
740:
739:
722:
712:
710:
702:
701:
697:
692:
670:
658:QT prolongation
637:Medical history
558:corticosteroids
549:
540:H&E stained
508:Histopathologic
505:
482:tyrosine kinase
347:
283:gastroenteritis
212:urinary bladder
175:greater omentum
167:
155:fusion proteins
23:
20:
12:
11:
5:
2425:
2423:
2415:
2414:
2409:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:Classification
2322:
2321:External links
2319:
2314:
2313:
2262:
2213:
2162:
2121:
2072:
2045:(6): 431–441.
2021:
2007:
1978:(12): e19577.
1958:
1917:
1903:
1860:
1817:
1803:
1749:
1698:
1647:
1628:(4): 479–497.
1612:
1588:
1574:
1539:
1520:(8): 1769–74.
1504:
1468:
1419:
1368:
1317:
1282:The Oncologist
1256:
1227:(3): 255–263.
1207:
1158:
1147:www.google.com
1134:
1085:
1036:
980:
939:
888:
834:
777:
720:
694:
693:
691:
688:
687:
686:
681:
679:ALK inhibitors
676:
669:
666:
619:corticosteroid
548:
545:
504:
501:
494:(coding for a
414:cell signaling
386:fusion protein
346:
343:
339:corticosteroid
193:nerves, brain
179:spermatic cord
166:
163:
63:
62:
47:
46:
38:
37:
34:
30:
29:
21:
16:Main article:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2424:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2388:
2385:
2373:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2320:
2318:
2309:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2217:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2166:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2073:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1937:(5): 1181–6.
1936:
1932:
1928:
1921:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1904:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1876:(1): 98–105.
1875:
1871:
1864:
1861:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1833:(2): 187–90.
1832:
1828:
1821:
1818:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1799:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1702:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1648:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1613:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1589:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1555:(6): 908–12.
1554:
1550:
1543:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1508:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1472:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1439:(9): 806–11.
1438:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1420:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1211:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1180:(1): 135–44.
1179:
1175:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1105:(3): 331–56.
1104:
1100:
1096:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
981:
976:
972:
967:
962:
959:(4): 428–37.
958:
954:
950:
943:
940:
935:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
907:
903:
899:
892:
889:
884:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
856:
852:
848:
841:
839:
835:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
807:(4): e26920.
806:
802:
794:
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
778:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
737:
735:
733:
731:
729:
727:
725:
721:
709:
705:
699:
696:
689:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
671:
667:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
638:
633:
628:
624:
620:
615:
611:
607:
603:
597:
595:
590:
589:actinomycin D
586:
582:
581:cycloheximide
578:
574:
570:
567:
563:
559:
553:
546:
544:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
502:
500:
497:
493:
492:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
462:
458:
454:
453:
448:
447:
443:
439:
435:
429:
428:
423:
419:
415:
411:
410:STAT proteins
407:
403:
399:
395:
394:PI3K/AKT/mTOR
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
374:chimeric gene
371:
367:
363:
359:
356:
352:
344:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
303:
298:
294:
290:
289:
284:
280:
279:
274:
273:
268:
267:
263:infection by
262:
258:
254:
250:
244:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
164:
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
143:
141:
137:
133:
129:
128:myofibroblast
125:
121:
116:
114:
110:
109:metastasizing
106:
102:
96:
94:
90:
86:
81:
77:
73:
69:
60:
59:H&E stain
56:
55:Kidney biopsy
52:
48:
44:
39:
35:
31:
26:
19:
2387:
2365:
2341:
2317:
2279:
2275:
2265:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2138:
2134:
2124:
2089:
2085:
2075:
2042:
2038:
2010:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1934:
1930:
1920:
1906:
1873:
1869:
1863:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1806:
1771:
1767:
1715:
1711:
1701:
1664:
1660:
1650:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1604:. Retrieved
1600:
1591:
1577:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1517:
1513:
1507:
1485:(2): 142–5.
1482:
1478:
1471:
1436:
1432:
1422:
1385:
1381:
1371:
1338:
1334:
1285:
1281:
1224:
1220:
1210:
1177:
1173:
1150:. Retrieved
1146:
1137:
1102:
1098:
1088:
1056:(2): 70–84.
1053:
1049:
1039:
1012:
1008:
956:
952:
942:
905:
901:
891:
854:
850:
804:
800:
747:
743:
711:. Retrieved
707:
698:
644:, abdominal
626:
613:
609:
598:
569:chemotherapy
566:methotrexate
554:
550:
524:plasma cells
506:
489:
473:
469:
465:
459:
456:
450:
432:
425:
421:
412:, and other
406:Janus kinase
377:
365:
361:
354:
348:
330:
300:
292:
286:
276:
270:
264:
260:
252:
249:night sweats
245:
168:
144:
139:
117:
97:
67:
66:
1667:(8): 1074.
1050:Pathologica
750:: 123–129.
662:Entrectinib
594:vinorelbine
579:+ low-dose
577:vinorelbine
562:vinblastine
536:neutrophils
532:eosinophils
528:lymphocytes
255:organizing
220:nasopharynx
199:spinal cord
132:fibroblasts
120:fibroblasts
33:Other names
2401:Categories
2282:: 652583.
2233:(2): 1–6.
2016:"UpToDate"
1718:: 662232.
1606:2021-11-22
1388:(4): 150.
1152:2021-11-22
908:: 814241.
690:References
623:prednisone
606:crizotinib
585:Ifosfamide
398:Ras GTPase
240:metastases
224:middle ear
216:anal canal
187:peripheral
101:chromosome
76:mesodermal
51:Micrograph
1363:232140059
772:211012731
575:; 2 with
571:; 3 with
560:; 5 with
547:Treatment
503:Diagnosis
466:RAMB2-ALK
431:include:
368:gene has
327:phlebitis
257:pneumonia
183:eye orbit
171:mesentery
151:oncogenic
95:tissues.
2367:Orphanet
2308:33996693
2257:33134769
2208:33116613
2157:33794589
2116:28787259
2059:29669701
2002:32195970
1972:Medicine
1953:16161041
1898:23427194
1890:12661011
1855:40569327
1847:12939746
1798:30675269
1744:33995085
1693:31366041
1642:33686426
1569:11381424
1499:11428882
1414:31627359
1355:33676744
1312:32584482
1251:28415158
1202:40339168
1194:21164297
1129:19275511
1080:33179614
1031:31698588
975:17938159
934:25945274
883:33816387
821:29286567
764:32007712
668:See also
313:(causes
305:(causes
281:(causes
195:meninges
142:(EIMS).
93:inflamed
72:neoplasm
2348:M8825/1
2299:8116882
2248:7594679
2199:7568619
2107:5617123
2067:5000248
1993:7220190
1789:6341817
1735:8118639
1684:6721376
1661:Cancers
1534:3401098
1405:6963339
1303:7648357
1242:5445201
1120:2780428
1071:8167394
925:4402203
874:8012865
829:3395900
713:28 June
646:abscess
474:SEC31L1
353:in the
323:E. coli
321:); and
307:Q fever
74:of the
2372:178342
2306:
2296:
2255:
2245:
2206:
2196:
2155:
2114:
2104:
2065:
2057:
2000:
1990:
1951:
1896:
1888:
1853:
1845:
1796:
1786:
1742:
1732:
1691:
1681:
1640:
1567:
1532:
1497:
1463:977782
1461:
1454:476182
1451:
1412:
1402:
1361:
1353:
1310:
1300:
1249:
1239:
1200:
1192:
1127:
1117:
1078:
1068:
1029:
973:
932:
922:
881:
871:
857:: 68.
827:
819:
770:
762:
656:(i.e.
642:sepsis
486:PDGFRB
472:, and
461:RANBP2
420:, the
382:coding
370:merged
297:sepsis
2343:ICD-O
2141:(3).
2063:S2CID
1894:S2CID
1851:S2CID
1359:S2CID
1198:S2CID
825:S2CID
768:S2CID
470:CARS1
438:DCTN1
380:gene
126:(see
2304:PMID
2253:PMID
2204:PMID
2153:PMID
2112:PMID
2055:PMID
1998:PMID
1949:PMID
1886:PMID
1843:PMID
1794:PMID
1740:PMID
1689:PMID
1638:PMID
1565:PMID
1530:PMID
1495:PMID
1459:PMID
1410:PMID
1351:PMID
1308:PMID
1247:PMID
1190:PMID
1125:PMID
1076:PMID
1027:PMID
971:PMID
930:PMID
906:2015
879:PMID
817:PMID
760:PMID
715:2019
534:and
526:and
491:NTRK
478:ROS1
457:ATIC
452:TPM4
446:TPM3
442:EML4
427:CLTC
402:ERKs
358:gene
317:and
234:and
122:and
2294:PMC
2284:doi
2243:PMC
2235:doi
2194:PMC
2184:doi
2143:doi
2102:PMC
2094:doi
2047:doi
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