25:
108:
2075:
33:
17:
2086:
84:, an IRDC catalog consisting of 18,845 items was created by two astronomers named Jyothish Pari and Joe Hora, who created a computer algorithm which could efficiently scan the images created by the Spitzer telescope’s IRAC camera to find infrared dark clouds.
478:
Rathborne, J. M.; Jackson, J. M.; Chambers, E. T.; Stojimirovic, I.; Simon, R.; Shipman, R.; Frieswijk, W. (2010). "The Early Stages of Star
Formation in Infrared Dark Clouds: Characterizing the Core Dust Properties".
424:
Rathborne, J. M.; Jackson, J. M.; Chambers, E. T.; Stojimirovic, I.; Simon, R.; Shipman, R.; Frieswijk, W. (2010). "The Early Stages of Star
Formation in Infrared Dark Clouds: Characterizing the Core Dust Properties".
273:
Frieswijk, W. W. F.; Shipman, R. F. (2010). "Searching for dark clouds in the outer galactic plane. I. A statistical approach for identifying extended red(dened) regions in 2MASS".
95:
believe that they represent the earliest stage in the formation of high-mass stars and are therefore of great importance for understanding the star formation process as a whole.
1926:
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24:
563:
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220:
1958:
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1645:
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76:, assisted in the location and identification of infrared dark clouds. The highly sensitive telescope was used to analyze the
1938:
1575:
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80:
and create numerous astronomical surveys at wavelengths that allowed for the detailed analysis of IRDCs. Through the use of
1985:
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1980:
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1416:
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352:"A Semi-Automated Computational Approach for Infrared Dark Cloud Localization: A Catalog of Infrared Dark Clouds"
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724:
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763:
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2006:
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1615:
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1222:
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1027:
992:
975:
970:
642:
377:
1590:
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1260:
1237:
1217:
1202:
1054:
958:
936:
914:
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773:
92:
49:
385:
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1324:
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1037:
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870:
803:
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768:
741:
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652:
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326:
196:
77:
20:
Composite image showing young stars in and around molecular cloud
Cepheus B.
64:
Infrared dark clouds have only been recently discovered in 1996 using the
1770:
1471:
1145:
904:
877:
2045:
1520:
1282:
1049:
1002:
985:
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899:
16:
2035:
2023:
1242:
1128:
2085:
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31:
15:
1404:
1384:
603:
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102:
52:
against the bright diffuse mid-infrared emission from the
572:
356:
119:
1994:
1843:
1741:
1669:
1568:
1425:
1300:
1178:
1087:
814:
693:
623:
68:and therefore are in need of further research. The
404:Center for Astrophysics Harvard and Smithsonian
350:Pari, Jyothish; Hora, Joseph L. (2020-05-01).
588:
8:
820:
595:
581:
573:
492:
438:
367:
286:
23:
400:"A New Catalog of Infrared Dark Clouds"
167:
562:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
555:
258:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
251:
219:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
212:
7:
44:(IRDC) is a cold, dense region of a
14:
2084:
2074:
2073:
106:
1:
1986:Timeline of stellar astronomy
82:convolutional neural networks
72:, created by NASA to detect
1646:Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
511:10.1088/0004-637X/715/1/310
457:10.1088/0004-637X/715/1/310
305:10.1051/0004-6361/200913000
2128:
1560:Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
275:Astronomy and Astrophysics
2069:
823:
610:
481:The Astrophysical Journal
427:The Astrophysical Journal
327:"Spitzer Space Telescope"
1939:With multiple exoplanets
378:10.1088/1538-3873/ab7b39
725:Asymptotic giant branch
297:2010A&A...515A..51F
70:Spitzer Space telescope
2061:Tidal disruption event
1550:Circumstellar envelope
784:Luminous blue variable
176:"Infrared Dark Clouds"
48:. They can be seen in
37:
29:
21:
1586:Effective temperature
46:giant molecular cloud
35:
27:
19:
2056:Planet-hosting stars
1934:With resolved images
1905:Historical brightest
1835:Photometric-standard
1761:Solar radio emission
1555:Eddington luminosity
1335:Triple-alpha process
1273:Thorne–Żytkow object
648:Young stellar object
1880:Highest temperature
1651:Color–color diagram
1516:Protoplanetary disk
1320:Proton–proton chain
998:Chemically peculiar
503:2010ApJ...715..310R
449:2010ApJ...715..310R
99:Statistics and Mass
42:infrared dark cloud
1885:Lowest temperature
1636:Photometric system
1606:Absolute magnitude
1540:Circumstellar dust
1153:Stellar black hole
789:Stellar population
675:Herbig–Haro object
152:Intergalactic star
118:. You can help by
74:infrared radiation
38:
30:
22:
2099:
2098:
2002:Substellar object
1981:Planetary nebulae
1400:Luminous red nova
1310:Deuterium burning
1296:
1295:
779:Instability strip
759:Wolf-Rayet nebula
713:Horizontal branch
658:Pre-main-sequence
136:
135:
2119:
2091:Stars portal
2089:
2088:
2077:
2076:
1733:Planetary system
1656:Strömgren sphere
1528:Asteroseismology
1249:Black hole star
821:
747:Planetary nebula
708:Red-giant branch
597:
590:
583:
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568:
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561:
553:
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538:. Archived from
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522:
496:
475:
469:
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362:(1011): 054301.
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331:science.nasa.gov
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237:. Archived from
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195:. Archived from
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131:
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110:
103:
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2101:
2100:
2095:
2083:
2065:
1990:
1959:Milky Way novae
1895:Smallest volume
1839:
1820:Radial velocity
1743:
1737:
1689:Common envelope
1665:
1564:
1533:Helioseismology
1504:Bipolar outflow
1445:Microturbulence
1440:Convection zone
1421:
1315:Lithium burning
1302:Nucleosynthesis
1292:
1174:
1083:
810:
689:
638:Molecular cloud
619:
606:
601:
571:
554:
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533:"Archived copy"
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235:"Archived copy"
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190:"Archived copy"
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174:
173:
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143:
132:
126:
123:
116:needs expansion
101:
90:
62:
12:
11:
5:
2125:
2123:
2115:
2114:
2112:Star formation
2104:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2081:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2058:
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2048:
2043:
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2020:
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2014:
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1996:
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1941:
1936:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1924:
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1922:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1890:Largest volume
1887:
1882:
1877:
1867:
1866:
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1860:
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1841:
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1653:
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1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1601:Magnetic field
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1511:Accretion disk
1508:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1487:Alfvén surface
1484:
1482:Stellar corona
1479:
1474:
1469:
1459:
1457:Radiation zone
1454:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1437:
1431:
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1126:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1104:
1099:
1093:
1091:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1079:Blue straggler
1076:
1075:
1074:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
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1020:
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989:
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983:
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968:
967:
966:
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949:
944:
934:
929:
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917:
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892:
891:
890:
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873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
837:Main sequence
835:
830:
824:
818:
816:Classification
812:
811:
809:
808:
807:
806:
801:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
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754:
752:Protoplanetary
744:
739:
738:
737:
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691:
690:
688:
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592:
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569:
524:
487:(1): 310–322.
470:
433:(1): 310–322.
416:
391:
342:
318:
265:
226:
181:
166:
164:
161:
160:
159:
157:Star Formation
154:
149:
147:Galactic plane
142:
139:
134:
133:
113:
111:
100:
97:
89:
86:
61:
58:
54:galactic plane
36:Star formation
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2124:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2080:
2072:
2071:
2068:
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2059:
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2054:
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2051:Intergalactic
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2031:Galactic year
2029:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1987:
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1932:
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1911:
1910:Most luminous
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1854:
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1825:Proper motion
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1811:
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1800:
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1788:Constellation
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1756:Solar eclipse
1754:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1742:Earth-centric
1740:
1734:
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1727:
1724:
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1717:
1714:
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1709:
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1443:
1442:
1441:
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1436:
1433:
1432:
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1424:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
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1391:
1388:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1340:Alpha process
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
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1303:
1299:
1289:
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1279:
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1274:
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1262:
1259:
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1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
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1144:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1112:Helium planet
1110:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1102:Parker's star
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1033:Lambda Boötis
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
999:
996:
994:
991:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
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965:
962:
961:
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957:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
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939:
938:
935:
933:
930:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
912:
911:
908:
906:
903:
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799:Superluminous
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703:Main sequence
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680:Hayashi track
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545:on 2017-08-09
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127:December 2010
121:
117:
114:This section
112:
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26:
18:
1954:White dwarfs
1944:Brown dwarfs
1927:Most distant
1875:Most massive
1853:Proper names
1813:Photographic
1766:Solar System
1744:observations
1671:Star systems
1494:Stellar wind
1477:Chromosphere
1450:Oscillations
1330:Helium flash
1180:Hypothetical
1158:X-ray binary
1097:Compact star
932:Bright giant
685:Henyey track
663:Herbig Ae/Be
547:. Retrieved
540:the original
527:
484:
480:
473:
430:
426:
419:
407:. Retrieved
403:
394:
359:
355:
345:
334:. Retrieved
330:
321:
278:
274:
268:
243:. Retrieved
239:the original
229:
204:. Retrieved
197:the original
184:
170:
137:
124:
120:adding to it
115:
91:
63:
41:
39:
2007:Brown dwarf
1783:Circumpolar
1661:Kraft break
1641:Color index
1616:Metallicity
1576:Designation
1545:Cosmic dust
1467:Photosphere
1233:Dark-energy
1208:Electroweak
1193:Black dwarf
1124:Radio-quiet
1107:White dwarf
993:White dwarf
643:Bok globule
93:Astronomers
1969:Candidates
1964:Supernovae
1949:Red dwarfs
1808:Extinction
1596:Kinematics
1591:Luminosity
1569:Properties
1462:Atmosphere
1360:Si burning
1350:Ne burning
1288:White hole
1261:Quasi-star
1188:Blue dwarf
1043:Technetium
959:Hypergiant
937:Supergiant
549:2010-12-04
369:2003.01122
336:2024-04-13
245:2010-12-04
206:2010-12-04
163:References
88:Importance
50:silhouette
1900:Brightest
1798:Magnitude
1778:Pole star
1699:Symbiotic
1694:Eclipsing
1626:Starlight
1427:Structure
1417:Supernova
1410:Micronova
1405:Recurrent
1390:Symbiotic
1375:p-process
1370:r-process
1365:s-process
1355:O burning
1345:C burning
1325:CNO cycle
1268:Gravastar
804:Hypernova
794:Supernova
769:Dredge-up
742:Blue loop
735:super-AGB
718:Red clump
695:Evolution
653:Protostar
633:Accretion
625:Formation
519:119276880
494:1003.3193
465:119276880
440:1003.3193
386:0004-6280
313:119207620
288:1005.4955
78:Milky Way
60:Discovery
2106:Category
2079:Category
1974:Remnants
1870:Extremes
1830:Parallax
1803:Apparent
1793:Asterism
1771:Sunlight
1721:Globular
1706:Multiple
1631:Variable
1621:Rotation
1581:Dynamics
1472:Starspot
1146:Magnetar
1089:Remnants
905:Subgiant
878:Subdwarf
730:post-AGB
558:cite web
409:13 April
254:cite web
215:cite web
141:See also
28:Infrared
2046:Gravity
1995:Related
1915:Nearest
1863:Chinese
1711:Cluster
1684:Contact
1521:Proplyd
1395:Remnant
1283:Blitzar
1257:Hawking
1213:Strange
1163:Burster
1119:Neutron
1072:Extreme
1023:He-weak
668:T Tauri
499:Bibcode
445:Bibcode
293:Bibcode
2036:Galaxy
2024:Planet
2012:Desert
1920:bright
1858:Arabic
1679:Binary
1499:Bubble
1223:Planck
1198:Exotic
1134:Binary
1129:Pulsar
1067:Helium
1028:Barium
971:Carbon
964:Yellow
952:Yellow
925:Yellow
764:PG1159
517:
463:
384:
311:
281:: 51.
2041:Guest
1845:Lists
1726:Super
1380:Fusor
1253:Black
1238:Quark
1218:Preon
1203:Boson
1139:X-ray
1055:Shell
1008:Ap/Bp
910:Giant
828:Early
774:OH/IR
604:Stars
543:(PDF)
536:(PDF)
515:S2CID
489:arXiv
461:S2CID
435:arXiv
364:arXiv
309:S2CID
283:arXiv
200:(PDF)
193:(PDF)
1716:Open
1611:Mass
1435:Core
1385:Nova
1278:Iron
1228:Dark
1038:Lead
1018:HgMn
1013:CEMP
942:Blue
915:Blue
833:Late
615:List
564:link
411:2024
382:ISSN
260:link
221:link
2017:Sub
1751:Sun
1170:SGR
947:Red
920:Red
507:doi
485:715
453:doi
431:715
374:doi
360:132
301:doi
279:515
122:.
66:ISO
40:An
2108::
1050:Be
1003:Am
986:CH
981:CN
900:OB
895:WR
560:}}
556:{{
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256:}}
252:{{
217:}}
213:{{
56:.
1243:Q
1062:B
976:S
888:B
883:O
871:M
866:K
861:G
856:F
851:A
846:B
841:O
596:e
589:t
582:v
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125:(
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