Knowledge (XXG)

Inker

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751:, where the pencil artist was responsible for the frame-by-frame breakdown of the story plot, an artist who was skilled in story-telling would be encouraged to do as many books as possible, maximizing the number of books they could do by leaving the inking to others. By contrast, at other companies where the writer did the frame-by-frame breakdown in script form, more artists inked or even lettered their own work. 795:– at times hired or allowed other artists to ink their drawings. Some artists could make more money by pencilling more pages and leaving the inking to others; different artists with different working methods might find it more profitable to both pencil and ink, as they could place less information and detail in the pencil drawings if they were inking it themselves and could put that detail in at the inking stage. 663: 494: 400: 45: 551:, and making other creative choices. A pencil drawing can have many shades of grey depending on the hardness of the graphite and the pressure applied by the artist, but an ink line generally can be only solid black. Accordingly, the inker has to translate pencil shading into patterns of ink, for example by using closely spaced parallel lines, feathering, or 739:) usually appeared at the beginning of each story, the publisher generally did not care which artists worked on the book. In the early days, the creator of the feature would get credit for as long as they worked on the feature, but when they were replaced by other artists, no name credit would be given to them. Packagers instituted an 582:
The division between penciller and inker described here is most frequently found where the penciller and inker are hired independently of each other by the publisher. Where an artist instead hires their own assistants, the roles are less structured; an artist might, for example, ink all the faces of
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An experienced inker paired with a novice penciler might also be responsible for correcting anatomical or other mistakes, modifying facial expressions, or changing or improving the artwork in a variety of other ways. Alternatively, an inker may do the basic layout of the page, give the work to
649:. The inker downloads them, prints them in blue, inks the pages, scans them in and loads the finished pages back on the FTP site for the company to download. While this procedure saves a company time and shipping costs, it requires artists to spend money on computer equipment. 546:
While inking involves tracing pencil lines in a literal sense, it is an act of creative interpretation rather than rote copying. Inkers fine-tune the composition by adding the proper weight to lines, creating visual contrast through
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style method of creating books, using top talents like Kirby to create the look and pace of the story and then handing off the inking, lettering, and coloring to largely anonymous – and low-paid – creators to finish it.
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Due to the absence of credits on most Golden Age comic books, many inkers of that period are largely forgotten. For those whose names are known, it is difficult to compile résumés. Inkers like
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In the early 1960s, Marvel Comics began giving the inker credit in each of their publications and other publishers began to follow suit. This allowed finishers like
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in the pecking order. In the early days of comic books, many publishers hired "packagers" to produce entire books. Although some "star" creators' names (such as
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Deadline pressures and a desire for consistency in the look of a feature led to having one artist pencil a feature while one or more other artists inked it. At
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almost always inked their own work (and sometimes the work of other pencilers as well). Most artists, however – even experienced inkers of their own work like
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and Alex Toth would usually pencil, ink and letter, considering the placing of word balloons as an integral part of the page, and artists such as
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the characters while leaving the assistant to ink in the backgrounds, or work with the inker in a more collaborative fashion. Among Neal Adams'
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or a brush. Inking was necessary in the traditional printing process as presses could not reproduce pencilled drawings. Another specialist, the
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titles. Commander R. A. Benson, USN (Ret.) wrote "t was Swan with Klein who created the definitive Superman image typified the Silver Age".
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using computers, a practice that has started to become more common as inkers learn to use powerful drawing and editing tools such as
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to earn a reputation as inkers as well as pencillers. In addition, penciller–inker teams like Kirby and Sinnott,
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For a long time, inking was considered a minor part of the comics industry, only marginally above
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creates a drawing, the inker interprets this drawing by outlining and embellishing it with a
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embellished thousands of pages during that era, most of which are still unidentified.
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had a similar arrangement, with one inking the figures and the other the backgrounds.
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another artist to do more detailed pencil work, and then ink the page themself (as
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due to changes in resolution. However the process is more time-consuming.
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has gained much publicity and counts notable inkers such as Joe Sinnott,
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is the most common tool used to accurately ink digitally, and use of
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applies color to the final art submitted by the inker.
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titles, the team is often referred to as "Swanderson."
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As of 2015 some companies put scanned pencils on an
1754:"The 20 Greatest Inkers of American Comics Books" 453:) is one of the two line artists in traditional 862:captured the attentions of comic book fandom. 422: 8: 1384:– many projects but most notably late 1980s 30: 1519:– Known for their run on Todd McFarlane's " 691:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 476:, handles the "inking" of text, while the 429: 415: 29: 711:Learn how and when to remove this message 534:Learn how and when to remove this message 1441:All Star Batman and Robin the Boy Wonder 1627: 1625: 1586: 355: 161: 105: 84: 56: 35: 27:Comic book or graphic novel line artist 7: 1078:Notable penciller–inker partnerships 689:adding citations to reliable sources 516:adding citations to reliable sources 1720:Redington, James (April 15, 2005). 1679:Last access attempt Oct. 12, 2006. 25: 1142:, romance comics, and much more. 661: 492: 398: 43: 1597:#52 (Marvel Comics, June 1979). 1357:Batman: The Dark Knight Returns 503:needs additional citations for 18:Inking (comic book production) 1: 1284:– late 1960s/early 1970s era 1104:– Notably on the early 1970s 1090:– Worked for decades on DC's 163:Comics by country and culture 1765:, Marvel.com (June 19, 2007) 1152:– EC war and science fiction 870:In 2008 Marvel and DC inker 890:as members and associates. 571:collaborated with penciler 445:(sometimes credited as the 1810: 1653:February 10, 2012, at the 1501:– Known for their run on " 1752:Atlas Comics (retailer). 1667:Captain Comics forum post 1657:. Retrieved July 5, 2008. 1453:– many projects, notably 1298:Green Lantern/Green Arrow 1172:– the early years of the 577:Elric of Melniboné series 1779:Visual arts occupations 1711:Accessed Feb. 13, 2009. 1699:Accessed Feb. 13, 2009. 1634:Accessed Feb. 13, 2009. 1387:The Amazing Spider-Man 1206:The Amazing Spider-Man 563:often did when inking 1593:"Bullpen Bulletins," 1549:" in the early 2000s. 1763:"What an Inker does" 685:improve this section 512:improve this article 328:South African comics 1523:" in the mid 1990s. 1405:Stephen R. Bissette 769:Kurt Schaffenberger 638:programs precludes 32: 1789:Comics terminology 1731:2011-05-15 at the 1695:2020-08-03 at the 1688:Gelbwasser, Mike. 1675:2020-08-03 at the 1616:The New York Times 1537:Star Wars comics " 569:Michael T. 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