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becomes a significant factor in the high-energy environment of the earliest stage of the universe, and general relativity on its own fails to make accurate predictions. In response to the inaccuracy of considering only general relativity, as in the traditional model of the Big Bang, alternative
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Various new models of what preceded and caused the Big Bang have been proposed as a result of the problems created by quantum mechanics. One model, using
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to have existed before the Big Bang. The instant immediately following the initial singularity is part of the
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of universes, with a new universe being created after an old one is destroyed, each with different
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theoretical formulations for the beginning of the universe have been proposed, including a
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to predict what happened in the beginnings of the universe has been heavily criticized, as
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Although there is no direct evidence for a singularity of infinite density, the
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234:"What If the Big Bang Wasn't the Beginning? New Study Proposes Alternative"
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is evidence that the universe expanded from a very hot, dense state.
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Time period of seeming infinite density just after the Big Bang
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155:"The Big Bang: What Really Happened at Our Universe's Birth?"
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122:(CMB) states that the universe is but one of many in a
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261:"Thinking About Time Before the Big Bang"
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208:"Branes, Crunches, and Other Big Ideas"
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159:The History & Future of the Cosmos
47:The traditional model of the Big Bang
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185:"What Happened Before The Big Bang?"
39:Traditional models of our universe
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212:What existed before the big bang?
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259:Atkinson, Nancy (13 June 2008).
27:predicted by some models of the
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114:Another possibility based on
206:Lamb, Robert (12 May 2010).
120:cosmic microwave background
101:Borde-Guth-Vilenkin theorem
73:cosmic microwave background
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183:Penn State (2 July 2007).
64:-based model in which two
118:and observations of the
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128:quantum fluctuations
85:loop quantum gravity
21:initial singularity
391:Physical cosmology
97:physical constants
53:general relativity
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240:. 5 December 2017
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132:quantum foam
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33:Planck epoch
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346:Outer space
334:Spaceflight
161:. Space.com
89:Big Bounces
25:singularity
380:Categories
138:References
124:multiverse
310:Astronomy
271:April 16,
238:Space.com
218:April 16,
191:April 16,
165:April 16,
386:Big Bang
130:such as
116:M-theory
370:Science
298:Physics
284:Portals
244:2 April
66:branes
322:Stars
105:Milne
23:is a
273:2012
246:2018
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19:The
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