249:
563:
448:. The brown thornbill is slightly smaller than the inland thornbill at approximately 10 cm (3.9 in) compared to 11.5 cm (4.5 in). The inland thornbill has white speckling on the forehead, while the brown thornbill has rufous speckling and is less grey than the inland thornbill. Range and habitat is the easiest way to differentiate these two species. Where both species occur in eastern Australia, the inland thornbill can be found in drier habitats than the brown thornbill; however, in southwestern Western Australia (outside of the brown thornbill’s range) inland thornbill can be found in wetter forests.
28:
611:
72:
417:
47:
543:
1764:
425:
1750:
265:, or thornbill genus, was inconsistent with the currently accepted taxonomy. Historically, researchers recognised 10 -17 species in 1 – 3 genera. Separate traditional species of Thornbill have now been more accurately classified as subspecies than discrete species; however, the evolutionary relationships between inland thornbills and other
707:
wood forest is logged, but habitat trees are left after the logged area was burned. In comparison, other studies have found that inland thornbills struggle to recover after a wildfire or drought. One possible explanation for inhibited regeneration of the abundance of inland thornbills is poor powers
680:
listing threshold. It is acknowledged that while the population trend of inland thornbills is decreasing, it is not rapidly approaching the >30% decline over three generations or ten years that would qualify
Vulnerable due to population trend. Furthermore, while the exact population size of the
606:
The nest of the inland thornbill is domed and is near the ground, nestled in a shrub. The nest is constructed of dry grass and bark fragments bound by cobwebs; near the top is a side entrance, and the nest is lined with feathers and soft grass. Inland thornbill breeding season is July to
December
591:. Inland thornbills are believed to breed in pairs as they are typically found alone or in pairs; this behaviour is similar to the known pair breeder, the brown thornbill. However, the ancestral breeding state for the genus
301:) is found in the highlands of New Guinea, and it is not definitive how this species fits in with the classification of other thornbills. Still, some research has found the New Guinea thornbill to be closely related to
516:
As the distribution range of the inland thornbills is wide, inland thornbills inhabit a variety of different habitat types. Inland thornbills inhabit arid woodlands and scrubs throughout
Australia, including the mulga
248:
451:
Gould originally described the inland thornbill as having a larger and rounder tail, a broad and distinct band of black tipped with white across the ends of the tail feathers, and a larger overall size than other
690:
in
Queensland, the conservation status of the inland thornbill is Least Concern. Furthermore, the conservation status is secure in all states and territories where the inland thornbill can be found.
503:
Inland thornbills are long-lived, with one instance of the same bird being retrapped and banded over seven years after the first occasion. A typical lifespan for an inland thornbill is 5.7 years.
555:
Typically, inland thornbills do not feed on the ground but instead in foliage as shrubs-canopy or generalised feeders. Inland thornbills are known to forage in the foliage of trees and the dense
559:
of shrubs in small parties or pairs but have been known to feed with other small birds in a mixed flock. The typical diet of inland thornbills consists of spiders and other small insects.
703:
A definitive relationship between inland thornbills and habitat destruction is not clear. Some research suggests that inland thornbills have historically increased abundance when a
1522:"Biotic and abiotic drivers of evolution in some Australian thornbills (Passeriformes: Acanthiza ) in allopatry, sympatry, and parapatry including a case of character displacement"
1972:
2011:
1311:
The directory of
Australian birds. Volume 1, Passerines : a taxonomic and zoogeographic atlas of the biodiversity of birds in Australia and its territories
778:
The directory of
Australian birds. Volume 1, Passerines : a taxonomic and zoogeographic atlas of the biodiversity of birds in Australia and its territories
2078:
673:
1682:"Short-term logging and burning impacts on species richness, abundance and community structure of birds in open eucalypt forest in Western Australia"
1946:
535:
in southwestern
Western Australia and dense forests and coastal heaths. While the distribution range of inland thornbills is large, they are not a
1985:
1042:
681:
inland thornbill is not quantified, it is believed to be greater than the threshold for
Vulnerable status under the population size criterion.
562:
1319:
1284:
1227:
786:
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on 01 October 2016. The justification was that the inland thornbill is not limited to a niche habitat and has a distribution range above the
2088:
603:
on two separate occasions, pair breeding is believed to have evolved, but this is not believed to be due to environmental variables.
2098:
1431:"Winter avifauna of Wanjarri Nature Reserve and Lake Mason Conservation Park of the Eastern Goldfields, Western Australia"
866:
285:
is more complex than just classifying the genus. To further complicate the evolutionary relationships between species in the genus
2093:
208:
1990:
1754:
686:
1894:
1842:
2016:
71:
234:"Djoobi-Djoolbang". The inland thornbill is also known as the broad-tail thornbill and presently contains several
1389:"Acanthiza apicalis: BirdLife International: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T22731025A95031265"
460:. Inland thornbills have also been found to be proficient in mimicking the calls of other birds, such as the
1680:
Abbott, Ian; Mellican, Amanda; Craig, Michael D.; Williams, Matthew; Liddelow, Graeme; Wheeler, Ian (2003).
1820:
1768:
1868:
1847:
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1899:
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166:
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314:
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species identified five separate species groups. Inland thornbills are in the same species group as
36:
1430:
456:
species. The inland thornbill has several calls similar to the brown thornbill and a high-pitched
224:
which now has three more species than the eleven outlined by Gould in The Birds of
Australia. The
2083:
1907:
1881:
1551:
1520:
Coman, Amelia; Potter, Sally; Moritz, Craig; Campbell, Catriona D.; Joseph, Leo (November 2020).
1497:
1450:
1415:
1411:
1190:
959:
708:
of recolonisation. It is also possible that inland thornbills require less frequent fire events.
677:
278:
66:
610:
27:
1977:
2037:
2003:
1920:
1701:
1654:
1636:
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Leavesley, Adam J.; Cary, Geoffrey J.; Edwards, Glenn P.; Gill, A. Malcolm (5 November 2010).
1543:
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1174:
1128:
1087:
1054:
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943:
903:
757:
632:
461:
387:
There are four recognised subspecies of inland thornbill with different geographic regions:
306:
1873:
1834:
416:
2024:
751:
532:
469:
438:
400:
Eastern South
Australia and northwestern Victoria; central New South Wales and Queensland.
372:
270:
1388:
813:
1886:
1163:"The Evolution of Cooperative and Pair Breeding in Thornbills Acanthiza (Pardalotidae)"
524:
485:
1178:
2072:
1998:
1555:
1393:
1161:
Nicholls, James A.; Double, Michael C.; Rowell, David M.; Magrath, Robert D. (2000).
722:
669:
528:
519:
56:
51:
2055:
1501:
1454:
963:
861:. Terence Lindsey (Rev., expanded, deluxe ed.). Sydney: Angus & Robertson.
269:
are complicated. For example, the relationship between the inland thornbill and the
1925:
596:
542:
493:
133:
1912:
1959:
1814:
445:
321:
1805:
1763:
2050:
1294:
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species. The inland thornbill male is larger than the female. Some species of
556:
424:
290:
235:
203:
182:
1705:
1681:
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1594:
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1493:
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143:
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83:
1132:
1749:
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856:
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1571:"The effect of fire on birds of mulga woodland in arid central Australia"
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1219:
364:
103:
1951:
1855:
1209:
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1162:
368:
226:
1632:
1538:
1521:
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978:
891:
531:. Contrary to the common name, inland thornbills can also be found in
371:
genera, as these species have previously been found to be in the same
1964:
1092:
1075:
1019:
907:
704:
93:
1938:
1776:
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947:
1617:"Impact of Wildfire on the Nesting behaviour of Birds in Heathland"
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1933:
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931:
750:
Gould, Elizabeth; Gould, John; Richter, Henry Constantine (1840).
609:
561:
541:
423:
415:
247:
892:"Acanthiza apicalis, Gould., Western Acanthiza, [Pl. 57]"
412:: Inland southern Australia, extending to the coast in the west.
113:
1780:
394:: the nominate subspecies. Southwestern Western Australia
756:. London: Printed by R. and J. E. Taylor; pub. by the author.
444:
in appearance, and these two species are sometimes considered
1429:
Bell, David T.; Bell, Roma C.; Loneragan, William A. (2016).
1526:
Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research
646:). The inland thornbill is also known to be parasitised by
341:
A. inornate, A. uropygialis, A, reguloides, and A. iredalei
607:
with three white eggs with reddish freckles and blotches.
1208:
Sibley, Charles G.; Ahlquist, Jon E. (23 January 1991).
252:
Acanthiza apicalis plate from Birds of Australia (Gould)
238:
that were once considered independent species. The word
1244:"Acanthiza apicalis (Broad-tailed Thornbill) - Avibase"
657:
Inland thornbills are also susceptible to cat predation
579:
is native to New Guinea and Australia and comprises 12
1470:"Gibson Desert birds: responses to drought and plenty"
1004:"A Review of the Genus Acanthiza Vigors and Horsfield"
1043:"A systematic revision of the Australian thornbills"
932:"Molecular systematics of the thornbills, Acanthiza"
202:) was originally described by English ornithologist
1789:
566:
Inland thornbill, Wyperfeld National Park, Victoria
320:Recent research using base-substitution data from
1404:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22731025a95031265.en
1002:Mayr, Ernst; Serventy, D. L. (1 November 1938).
1655:"Species profile | Environment, land and water"
363:nDNA samples were compared to samples from the
1468:Burbidge, A. A.; Fuller, P. J. (1 June 2007).
1276:Birds of australia : a photographic guide
230:people of southwestern Western Australia call
1314:. Ian J. Mason. Collingwood, VIC: CSIRO Pub.
1117:"Description of a new species of Climacteris"
781:. Ian J. Mason. Collingwood, VIC: CSIRO Pub.
8:
437:The inland thornbill is very similar to the
339:The other species groups are one containing
217:. The inland thornbill belongs to the genus
1414:}}: old-form url, |date= / |doi= mismatch (
1777:
720:wrote a poem for the British magazine the
289:two species exist outside of Australia in
45:
26:
17:
1537:
1402:
1211:Phylogeny and Classification of the Birds
1091:
1058:
1353:"Inland Thornbill | BirdLife Australia"
735:
213:Inland thornbills are within the order
1575:International Journal of Wildland Fire
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741:
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599:is cooperative breeding. Within the
2079:IUCN Red List least concern species
1615:Brooker, M. G.; Rowley, I. (1991).
1394:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1076:"Synopsis of Species of Thornbills"
930:Nicholls, James A. (1 March 2001).
313:classification was conducted using
980:A manual of the birds of Australia
631:(Australasian wrens including the
242:comes from the Latin for 'tipped'.
14:
1179:10.1034/j.1600-048X.2000.310208.x
814:"Inland Thornbill • ReWild Perth"
587:breed in pairs, while others are
1762:
1748:
1721:"The NS Poem: Inland Thornbills"
70:
398:Acanthiza apicalis albiventris:
1848:Acanthiza_(Acanthiza)_apicalis
1719:Kinsella, John (6 June 2018).
1397:. 2016-10-01. 1 October 2016.
1279:. Princeton University Press.
1121:South Australian Ornithologist
1074:Campbell, A.G. (1 July 1923).
726:, titled "Inland Thornbills".
672:assessed inland thornbills as
404:Acanthiza apicalis cinerascens
324:(nDNA) sequences sampled from
1:
694:Threats and human interaction
1435:Australian Field Ornithology
1041:Mack, G. (1 November 1936).
977:Mathews, Gregory M. (1921).
687:Nature Conservation Act 1992
410:Acanthiza apicalis whitlocki
261:Early classification of the
855:Cayley, Neville W. (1987).
392:Acanthiza apicalis apicalis
2115:
2089:Endemic birds of Australia
1047:Memoirs of Museum Victoria
983:. H.F. & G. Witherby.
1474:Emu - Austral Ornithology
1308:Schodde, Richard (1999).
1214:. Yale University Press.
1080:Emu - Austral Ornithology
1060:10.24199/j.mmv.1936.10.04
1008:Emu - Austral Ornithology
936:Emu - Austral Ornithology
775:Schodde, Richard (1999).
406:: West-central Queensland
172:
165:
67:Scientific classification
65:
43:
34:
25:
20:
2099:Taxa named by John Gould
1167:Journal of Avian Biology
762:10.5962/bhl.title.105698
512:Habitat and distribution
500:), and various cuckoos.
474:Pachycephala rufiventris
2094:Birds described in 1847
1273:Campbell, Iain (2015).
1133:10.5962/bhl.part.29854
896:The Birds of Australia
753:The birds of Australia
615:
567:
547:
466:Cracticus nigrogularis
429:
421:
317:and plumage patterns.
257:Taxonomy and evolution
253:
209:The Birds of Australia
640:shining bronze-cuckoo
623:Members of the genus
614:Shining bronze-cuckoo
613:
565:
546:Mulga {Acacia aneura)
545:
427:
419:
251:
1759:at Wikimedia Commons
1447:10.20938/afo33198205
1220:10.2307/j.ctt1xp3v3r
1115:Mellor, J W (1919).
890:Gould, John (1848).
652:Cuculus pyrrhophanus
644:Chrysococcyx lucidus
589:cooperative breeders
581:sexually monomorphic
490:Rhipidura leucophrys
295:New Guinea thornbill
1659:apps.des.qld.gov.au
1357:www.birdlife.org.au
1248:avibase.bsc-eoc.org
699:Habitat destruction
638:) often foster the
498:Rhipidura albiscapa
482:Burhinus grallarius
359:The results of the
37:Conservation status
2056:Acanthiza-apicalis
1882:BirdLife-Australia
1835:Acanthiza_apicalis
1821:Acanthiza apicalis
1791:Acanthiza apicalis
1770:Acanthiza apicalis
1756:Acanthiza apicalis
858:What bird is that?
648:fan-tailed cuckoos
616:
568:
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430:
422:
357:A. robustirostris.
279:mountain thornbill
254:
199:Acanthiza apicalis
176:Acanthiza apicalis
2066:
2065:
2038:Open Tree of Life
1783:Taxon identifiers
1753:Media related to
1686:Wildlife Research
1661:. 20 October 2014
1633:10.1071/wr9910249
1621:Wildlife Research
1539:10.1111/jzs.12355
1321:978-0-643-10086-2
1286:978-0-691-15727-6
1229:978-0-300-23785-6
788:978-0-643-10086-2
537:migratory species
478:bush stone-curlew
343:, one containing
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21:Inland Thornbill
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633:superb fairywren
533:mangrove forests
462:pied butcherbird
420:Inland thornbill
367:, whiteface and
309:. Traditionally
307:yellow thornbill
194:inland thornbill
178:
158:A. apicalis
75:
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1587:10.1071/WF09028
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1486:10.1071/MU06044
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636:Malurus cyaneus
621:
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470:rufous whistler
439:brown thornbill
435:
428:Brown thornbill
385:
353:A. chrysorrhoa,
351:one containing
271:brown thornbill
259:
246:
245:Species of bird
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1773:at Wikispecies
1760:
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1743:External links
1741:
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1711:
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1646:
1627:(3): 249–263.
1600:
1581:(7): 949–960.
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1173:(2): 165–176.
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52:Least Concern
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1728:. Retrieved
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818:ReWild Perth
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494:grey fantail
489:
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442:(A. pusilla)
441:
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144:
134:Acanthizidae
15:
1960:iNaturalist
1815:Wikispecies
1441:: 198–205.
627:and family
597:Acanthizini
446:conspecific
433:Description
349:A. lineata,
333:A. ewingii,
330:A, pusilla,
322:nuclear DNA
275:A. pusilla)
232:A. apicalis
2073:Categories
2051:Xeno-canto
1730:23 October
1692:(4): 321.
1665:23 October
1362:23 October
1295:1285292977
1253:23 October
1053:: 86–118.
989:1049634876
823:23 October
730:References
684:Under the
678:Vulnerable
601:Acanthiza,
575:The genus
557:understory
383:Subspecies
361:Acanthizae
315:morphology
291:New Guinea
287:Acanthiza,
267:Acanthizae
236:subspecies
215:passerines
204:John Gould
2084:Acanthiza
1706:1035-3712
1641:1448-5494
1595:1448-5516
1556:213394343
1548:0947-5745
1494:0158-4197
1412:cite iucn
1330:704565413
1187:0908-8857
1141:0038-2973
1102:0158-4197
1028:0158-4197
956:0158-4197
877:156806692
797:704565413
629:Maluridae
625:Acanthiza
619:Predators
593:Acanthiza
585:Acanthiza
577:Acanthiza
523:) of the
458:tsee-tsee
454:Acanthiza
377:Acanthiza
326:Acanthiza
311:Acanthiza
299:A. murina
263:Acanthiza
220:Acanthiza
152:Species:
145:Acanthiza
90:Kingdom:
84:Eukaryota
2004:22731025
1978:10531283
1874:22731025
1869:BirdLife
1806:Q1301452
1800:Wikidata
1502:84571245
1455:89265686
964:82927731
571:Breeding
527:and the
365:gerygone
277:and the
240:apicalis
130:Family:
104:Chordata
100:Phylum:
94:Animalia
80:Domain:
57:IUCN 3.1
1952:7341406
1939:inltho1
1913:inltho1
1856:Avibase
1195:3676990
1127:: 5–6.
551:Feeding
507:Ecology
369:weebill
345:A. nana
305:or the
227:Noongar
140:Genus:
120:Order:
110:Class:
55: (
2043:736620
2017:117185
1991:916747
1900:118569
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712:Poetry
705:jarrah
525:Mallee
303:A.nana
293:. The
185:, 1847
2030:79274
1973:IRMNG
1965:72439
1934:eBird
1926:64D2Q
1552:S2CID
1498:S2CID
1451:S2CID
1191:JSTOR
960:S2CID
716:Poet
373:tribe
183:Gould
2012:NCBI
1999:IUCN
1986:ITIS
1947:GBIF
1895:BOLD
1732:2022
1702:ISSN
1667:2022
1637:ISSN
1591:ISSN
1544:ISSN
1490:ISSN
1416:help
1364:2022
1326:OCLC
1316:ISBN
1291:OCLC
1281:ISBN
1255:2022
1224:ISBN
1183:ISSN
1137:ISSN
1098:ISSN
1024:ISSN
985:OCLC
952:ISSN
873:OCLC
863:ISBN
825:2022
793:OCLC
783:ISBN
668:The
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335:and
192:The
114:Aves
1921:CoL
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1843:AFD
1830:ADW
1694:doi
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