141:
corresponding responsibilities and obligations, since the control of navigable waterways lies within the federal purview. He noted that while private sector energies had been directed largely toward industrial development in connection with field and forest, coal and iron, some of these material and power resources may already be largely depleted or abused. At the same time, the government's inland waterways have received scant attention as a whole, and it was becoming clear that the nation's streams should be considered and conserved as great natural resources. So far, works designed to control the waterways have usually been undertaken for a single purpose in mind, such as the improvement of navigation, the development of power, the irrigation of arid lands, the protection of lowlands from floods, or to supply water for domestic and manufacturing purposes. While the people's rights to these and similar water uses must be respected, the time had come, he said, for local projects and uses of the inland waters to be viewed in a more comprehensive plan, designed for the benefit of the entire country; such a plan should consider and include all the uses to which streams may be put, and should bring together and coordinate the points of view of all water users. While the task involved in the full and orderly development and control of the nation's river systems is a great one, it is certainly not too great for the government to approach, especially with results which seem to promise even greater returns.
149:
suspended sediment and an enormous but unmeasured amount of earth-salts and soil-matter carried in solution not only causes the
Mississippi channels to clog and flood the lowlands of the lower river, but also renders the flow variable and difficult to control. Furthermore, he noted, the sediment and soil-matter is composed of the most fertile material of the fields and pastures drained by the tributaries. "Any plan for utilizing our inland waterways should consider floods and their control by forests and other means; the protection of bottom-lands from injury by overflow, and up-lands from loss by soil-wash; the physics of sediment-charged waters and the physical or other ways of purifying them; the construction of dams and locks, not only to facilitate navigation but to control the character and movement of the waters; and should look to the full use and control of our running waters and the complete "artificialization" of our waterways for the benefit of citizens as a whole." Not being possible to properly frame so large a plan for the control of rivers without taking account of the orderly development of other natural resources, Roosevelt asked that the Inland Waterways Commission consider the relations of the streams to the use of all the great permanent natural resources and their conservation to make and maintain prosperous homes.
168:, and those in the states and their subdivisions. He stated that such a plan must not involve unduly burdensome expenditures from the national treasury. The cost necessarily will be large and proportional to the magnitude of potential benefits to the people, but it will be small in comparison to the $ 17 billion in current capital investments for steam railways nationally. That amount would have seemed enormous and incredible a half a century earlier, yet that investment was a continuous source of profit to the people. Without it, the nation's industrial progress would have been impossible. In closing the President said that, the questions before the Inland Waterways Commission must necessarily relate to every part of the United States and affect every interest within its borders. Its plans should be considered in light of the widest modern knowledge of the country and its people, and from the most diverse points of view. As the committee's work sufficiently advanced, he would add more consulting members to the commission, and ask that its recommendations be fully discussed with him, before they were submitted. The commission's report should include both a general statement of the problems, as well as recommendations concerning the manner and means of attacking the problems perceived by them.
145:
transaction of the business of the nation, and there is small prospect of immediate relief." During the previous ten years, while the production of the northern interior States had doubled, the railroad facilities to transport it had increased only about 12%; there was reason to doubt railroad development could keep transportation abreast of production in the near-term. "There appears to be but one complete remedy—the development of a complementary system of transportation by water. The present congestion affects chiefly the people of the
Mississippi valley, and they demand relief. When the congestion of which they complain is relieved, the whole Nation will share the good results."
44:, to investigate the transportation crisis that recently had affected the nation's ability to move its produce and industrial production efficiently. The immediate crisis centered on insufficient railroad capacity developed by the private sector, and competing but neglected inland shipping, the navigation of which had been deemed under federal purview since 1824. The temporary commission lasted until the end of Roosevelt's presidency, but his conservationist
119:, a minority of its members concluded that the nation needed a comprehensive water resources policy along with an autonomous commission of experts to plan and construct water projects that embraced entire river basins. At the end of 1907, and before Roosevelt presented the commission's preliminary report to Congress in late February, Senator Newlands introduced the first bill to create a permanent commission. Over the next decade the subject of
2023:
17:
408:
379:
208:
the meetings for report preparation there were 27 sessions, with an average attendance of seven. Experts on matters entrusted to the commission were present by invitation at 24 sessions; of these experts there were 24, several of whom attended two or more sessions, with most being former or current attaches of the
207:
During the organizational and inspecting meetings, thirty formal sessions were held in addition to informal meetings and conferences. At several of these sessions the entire commission were present; at no session were there fewer than five commissioners; the average attendance was over seven. During
140:
On March 14, 1907, President
Roosevelt appointed the Inland Waterway Commissioners and charged them to prepare and report "a comprehensive plan for the improvement and control of the river systems of the United States." He was influenced, he said, by broad considerations of national policy, and the
251:
The investigations and discussions of the Inland
Waterways Commission resulted in a series of 'Findings', containing their statements of fact connected with navigation and other uses of the inland waterways nationally, 'Recommendations', containing their conclusions on those findings, 'Inquiries in
228:, and major tributaries. Several commissioners employed agencies under their direction in collating and digesting data relating to canals, water transportation, etc. Most of the commissioners attended conventions and other meetings connected with the development of waterways and related interests.
123:
would be closely studied, while
Newlands drafted several more bills, with only an emasculated version becoming law in 1917. While supportive of the commission's report generally, most members of Congress considered Newlands's plan either impractical or unconstitutional. Three years later, Congress
148:
Roosevelt noted that while the nation's rivers are natural resources of first rank, they are also liable to become destructive agencies, endangering life and property; and that some of our most notable engineering enterprises have grown from the effort to control them. The vast quantity of annual
144:
The commission's appointment followed numerous petitions from commercial organizations in the
Mississippi valley asking for such study, and he said, "the common knowledge that the railroads of the United States are no longer able to move crops and manufactures rapidly enough to secure the prompt
404:
383:
450:
48:
interest was focused more than on transportation alone. The president wanted water projects to be considered for their multiple uses and in relation to other natural resources and asked for a comprehensive plan for the improvement and control of the river systems of the United States.
239:. Following action at the 23rd session, with the President presiding, a letter requesting a conference on the conservation of natural resources was framed and presented to the President on October 4, 1907; this later resulted in the first
243:. At the twenty-fifth session a committee of three was appointed to communicate further with the President on this matter, and to prepare a preliminary draft of their report; both committees reported at the fourth meeting.
307:
176:
After initial conference and correspondence the organizational meeting was held in
Washington DC from April 29 to May 3, 1907. A second meeting and inspection trip on the Mississippi River from
212:. Outside formal sessions, the commissioners devoted much time to the consideration of the waterways and related matters. Two or three commissioners jointly inspected the upper Missouri, the
2053:
2078:
2108:
2073:
1425:
600:
1540:
1011:
1118:
277:
584:
57:
2103:
2063:
204:
to St. Louis. A fourth meeting was held in the capitol beginning on
November 25, for the purpose of preparing a preliminary report. The commission ended February 3, 1908.
2098:
2058:
1464:
918:
687:
616:
272:
165:
52:
Based on long-established legislative structure and more recent bureaucratic additions, the appointed members of the commission included, elected
Representative
2088:
1075:
567:
180:
to the Passes was held May 13 to May 23. A third meeting and inspection trip took place from
September 21 to October 13, which traveled on the Great Lakes from
1091:
520:
488:
2113:
1478:
1132:
1098:
2083:
1681:
593:
231:
At the 18th session a special committee of one, Gen. Alexander MacKenzie, was appointed to prepare a list of statutes and considerations relating to
152:
Roosevelt noted that any feasible plan for utilizing inland waterways should recognize both the existing federal means, including the Departments of
2068:
1399:
1316:
1309:
1302:
904:
717:
577:
282:
157:
1211:
1581:
1574:
1471:
1256:
651:
509:
161:
1448:
287:
895:
449:
Roosevelt, Theodore. (1908, February 26). "Message from the President transmitting a preliminary report of the Inland Waterways commission."
292:
209:
2048:
1218:
1068:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1273:
872:
680:
523:
433:
93:
835:
1976:
1499:
1348:
1334:
1521:
550:
77:
1749:
1588:
1513:
1441:
1413:
1362:
969:
879:
623:
562:
481:
1648:
1525:
1432:
1173:
997:
990:
983:
934:
911:
791:
542:
153:
85:
1406:
1245:
888:
512:
73:
1913:
1369:
1238:
1228:
531:
812:
2093:
1769:
1392:
1265:
740:
672:
665:
101:
2026:
1638:
1457:
948:
749:
710:
474:
459:, Report of the commissioner of corporations on water-power development in the United States, Bureau of Corporations.
124:
all but eliminated the hope of centralized water planning when it replaced the Inland Waterways Commission with the
1921:
1841:
1785:
1705:
1628:
1492:
1385:
1378:
1204:
851:
65:
1031:
777:
1897:
1865:
1723:
1506:
1153:
630:
125:
105:
72:(D AL). Non-elected commissioners included government technocrats with experience in related fields, including
1715:
1608:
1197:
1084:
1052:
1004:
701:
240:
89:
1937:
1889:
1833:
1793:
1618:
1045:
925:
733:
302:
37:
1809:
1180:
440:
266:
201:
1873:
1857:
1849:
1741:
865:
637:
534:
2002:
1929:
1817:
1658:
1598:
842:
784:
726:
189:
61:
1945:
1567:
1190:
858:
805:
497:
441:
Water: The origins of direct federal participation in the US electric utility industry, 1902-1933
261:
193:
81:
53:
41:
1960:
1825:
1146:
962:
955:
819:
225:
129:
112:
1993:
1953:
1801:
1760:
1061:
358:
330:
297:
236:
221:
120:
69:
80:, US Army, and the entity involved in federal navigation improvements since the beginning;
1905:
1777:
1485:
644:
412:
252:
progress', containing certain matters still under discussion and an extensive 'Appendix'.
97:
45:
21:
1212:"Progressive Cause Greater Than Any Individual" (1912 post-assassination-attempt speech)
460:
1968:
1881:
1533:
1355:
1341:
756:
694:
213:
197:
2042:
2012:
1139:
1125:
347:"Water Planning in the Progressive Era: The Inland Waterways Commission Reconsidered"
1697:
1689:
1038:
826:
658:
16:
104:, and Herbert Knox Smith, from the Bureau of Corporations and predecessor to the
798:
770:
608:
232:
217:
116:
1560:
763:
1732:
976:
181:
177:
111:
By the end of that year, after the commission had looked at shipping on the
362:
308:
United States Senate Committee on Transportation Routes to the Seaboard
346:
466:
185:
15:
470:
28:
in 1907 during the Inland Waterways Commission inspections
405:
Preliminary Report of the Inland Waterways Commission
278:
History of turnpikes and canals in the United States
1759:
1673:
1550:
1326:
1255:
1163:
1108:
1021:
561:
439:Hausman, William J.; and John L. Neufeld. (1999).
432:, Division of Water Supply and Pollution Control,
2054:Defunct agencies of the United States government
2079:Natural resources agencies in the United States
36:was a United States federal agency, created by
2109:Water resource management in the United States
2074:History of transportation in the United States
273:History of rail transport in the United States
1349:Theodore Roosevelt Center and Digital Library
482:
380:"Instrument of the President, March 14, 1907"
56:(R OH), as chairman, being also chair of the
8:
457:Water-Power Development in the United States
1479:Theodore Roosevelt United States Courthouse
489:
475:
467:
444:Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics
374:
372:
357:(4). Cambridge University Press: 389–418.
40:in March 1907 at the request of President
2104:Water transportation in the United States
2064:Environmental policy in the United States
1205:"Citizenship in a Republic" (1910 speech)
2099:Water organizations in the United States
1092:Smithsonian–Roosevelt African expedition
283:Hydroelectric power in the United States
319:
1301:United States presidential elections:
288:Hydropower policy in the United States
2059:Economic history of the United States
1568:"Speak softly, and carry a big stick"
1099:"River of Doubt" Amazonian expedition
293:Inland waterways of the United States
58:House Committee on Rivers and Harbors
7:
2089:Progressive Era in the United States
1465:Roosevelt Memorial, Portland, Oregon
1220:Theodore Roosevelt: An Autobiography
711:Northern Securities Company breakup
524:Vice President of the United States
434:United States Public Health Service
2114:United States national commissions
1500:Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Bridge
1191:"The Strenuous Life" (1899 speech)
430:The Nation and its Water Resources
14:
681:United States Reclamation Service
551:New York City Police Commissioner
94:United States Reclamation Service
2084:Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt
2022:
2021:
1750:Barnes vs. Roosevelt libel trial
1590:Terrible Teddy, the Grizzly King
1442:Theodore Roosevelt Memorial Park
1414:Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins
1363:Theodore Roosevelt National Park
1272:Republican National Convention:
1119:Birthplace, boyhood home replica
984:State of the Union Address, 1901
919:Department of Commerce and Labor
2069:Federalism in the United States
1174:Theodore Roosevelt bibliography
792:Federal Employers Liability Act
688:National Wildlife Refuge System
543:Assistant Secretary of the Navy
130:Federal Water Power Act of 1920
86:United States Geological Survey
64:(D NV), as vice-chair; Senator
1407:Theodore Roosevelt Association
1062:"Bull Moose" Progressive Party
1012:Federal judiciary appointments
659:Devils Tower National Monument
513:President of the United States
1:
1842:Cornelius V. S. Roosevelt III
1472:Proposed presidential library
1370:Theodore Roosevelt Wilderness
1239:Theodore Roosevelt Cyclopedia
1126:Sagamore Hill Home and Museum
880:Gentlemen's Agreement of 1907
455:Smith, Herbert Knox. (1912).
1393:Roosevelt Park (San Antonio)
1266:1898 New York state election
741:Food and Drug Administration
673:United States Forest Service
666:Muir Woods National Monument
102:United States Forest Service
92:, the first Director of the
84:, as secretary and from the
2049:Canals in the United States
1458:Theodore Roosevelt Monument
942:Inland Waterways Commission
617:Booker T. Washington dinner
235:, especially generation of
128:, following passage of the
34:Inland Waterways Commission
2132:
1356:White House Roosevelt Room
428:Dworsky, Leonard. (1962).
345:Pisani, Donald J. (2006).
188:, on the Mississippi from
1987:
1954:Robert Barnhill Roosevelt
1914:Elliott Bulloch Roosevelt
1493:Theodore Roosevelt Bridge
1386:Roosevelt National Forest
1379:Theodore Roosevelt Island
905:College football meetings
504:
351:Journal of Policy History
100:, the first Chief of the
1898:Martha Bulloch Roosevelt
1866:Joseph Willard Roosevelt
1507:Theodore Roosevelt Award
813:Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty
631:Newlands Reclamation Act
335:1824 Supreme Court case.
126:Federal Power Commission
106:Federal Trade Commission
1716:League to Enforce Peace
1198:League to Enforce Peace
1085:Boone and Crockett Club
1053:Battle of San Juan Hill
912:Bureau of Investigation
702:Conference of Governors
303:Rivers and Harbors Acts
241:Conference of Governors
90:Frederick Haynes Newell
1961:Anna Eleanor Roosevelt
1946:James Alfred Roosevelt
1938:James Stephens Bulloch
1906:Anna "Bamie" Roosevelt
1890:Theodore Roosevelt Sr.
1794:Theodore Roosevelt III
1620:Teddy, the Rough Rider
1400:Roosevelt Study Center
1046:Battle of Las Guasimas
926:Bureau of Corporations
873:1906 Nobel Peace Prize
734:Pure Food and Drug Act
29:
2003:William Howard Taft →
1969:Gracie Hall Roosevelt
1874:Edith Roosevelt Derby
1834:Theodore Roosevelt IV
1810:Ethel Carow Roosevelt
1182:The Naval War of 1812
1076:Assassination attempt
977:White House West Wing
363:10.1353/jph.2006.0014
267:Internal improvements
19:
1858:Kermit Roosevelt Jr.
1850:Quentin Roosevelt II
1742:Roosevelt Republican
1246:Archival collections
1032:Spanish–American War
949:Bureau of the Census
866:Treaty of Portsmouth
778:Aldrich–Vreeland Act
638:Transfer Act of 1905
535:Governor of New York
68:(R MO), and Senator
2094:Renewable resources
1930:Cornelius Roosevelt
1818:Archibald Roosevelt
1786:Alice Lee Roosevelt
1682:Political positions
1600:Roosevelt in Africa
1541:U.S. postage stamps
1449:Monument Assemblage
1133:Maltese Cross Cabin
843:Roosevelt Corollary
785:Tillman Act of 1907
750:Meat Inspection Act
727:Coal strike of 1902
594:Second inauguration
386:on January 15, 2013
136:Presidential charge
78:Chiefs of Engineers
74:Alexander Mackenzie
62:Francis G. Newlands
24:on the deck of the
1994:← William McKinley
1882:Theodora Roosevelt
1778:Edith Kermit Carow
1770:Alice Hathaway Lee
1650:Theodore Roosevelt
1642:, 2014 documentary
1602:, 1910 documentary
1516:Theodore Roosevelt
859:Russo-Japanese War
852:Occupation of Cuba
806:Big stick ideology
578:First inauguration
498:Theodore Roosevelt
411:2013-01-15 at the
262:General Survey Act
210:Corps of Engineers
166:Commerce and Labor
82:William John McGee
54:Theodore E. Burton
42:Theodore Roosevelt
30:
2036:
2035:
1922:Corinne Roosevelt
1826:Quentin Roosevelt
1652:, 2022 miniseries
1632:, 1997 miniseries
1232:magazine articles
963:Perdicaris affair
956:Great White Fleet
836:Venezuelan crisis
820:Panama Canal Zone
247:Commission report
113:Mississippi River
2121:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2015:
2006:
1997:
1980:
1972:
1964:
1956:
1949:
1941:
1933:
1925:
1917:
1909:
1901:
1893:
1885:
1877:
1869:
1861:
1853:
1845:
1837:
1829:
1821:
1813:
1805:
1802:Kermit Roosevelt
1797:
1789:
1781:
1773:
1752:
1745:
1736:
1727:
1724:A Guest of Honor
1718:
1709:
1700:
1693:
1684:
1664:
1654:
1644:
1634:
1624:
1614:
1610:The Rough Riders
1604:
1594:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1474:
1467:
1460:
1451:
1444:
1435:
1433:Portland, Oregon
1428:
1421:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1268:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1224:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1176:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1014:
1007:
1005:White House desk
1000:
993:
986:
979:
972:
965:
958:
951:
944:
937:
928:
921:
914:
907:
898:
891:
889:Army War College
882:
875:
868:
861:
854:
845:
838:
829:
822:
815:
808:
801:
794:
787:
780:
773:
766:
759:
752:
743:
736:
729:
720:
713:
704:
697:
690:
683:
676:
668:
661:
654:
647:
640:
633:
626:
619:
612:
603:
596:
587:
580:
554:
546:
538:
527:
516:
491:
484:
477:
468:
415:
402:
396:
395:
393:
391:
382:. Archived from
376:
367:
366:
342:
336:
331:Gibbons v. Ogden
324:
298:Natural monopoly
237:hydroelectricity
121:hydroelectricity
70:John H. Bankhead
2131:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2020:
2013:← Garret Hobart
2011:
2000:
1991:
1983:
1975:
1967:
1959:
1952:
1944:
1936:
1928:
1920:
1912:
1904:
1896:
1888:
1884:(granddaughter)
1880:
1876:(granddaughter)
1872:
1864:
1856:
1848:
1840:
1832:
1824:
1816:
1808:
1800:
1792:
1784:
1776:
1768:
1755:
1748:
1739:
1730:
1721:
1714:
1703:
1696:
1687:
1680:
1669:
1657:
1647:
1637:
1627:
1617:
1607:
1597:
1587:
1580:
1573:
1566:
1559:
1552:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1486:Roosevelt River
1484:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1447:
1440:
1431:
1424:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1271:
1264:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1227:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1159:
1152:
1147:Pine Knot cabin
1145:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1074:
1069:New Nationalism
1067:
1060:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1017:
1010:
1003:
996:
989:
982:
975:
968:
961:
954:
947:
940:
935:Keep Commission
933:
924:
917:
910:
903:
894:
887:
878:
871:
864:
857:
850:
841:
834:
825:
818:
811:
804:
797:
790:
783:
776:
769:
762:
755:
748:
739:
732:
725:
716:
709:
700:
693:
686:
679:
671:
664:
657:
650:
645:Antiquities Act
643:
636:
629:
622:
615:
606:
599:
592:
583:
576:
565:
557:
549:
541:
530:
519:
508:
500:
495:
465:
424:
422:Further reading
419:
418:
413:Wayback Machine
403:
399:
389:
387:
378:
377:
370:
344:
343:
339:
325:
321:
316:
258:
249:
174:
138:
98:Gifford Pinchot
22:Gifford Pinchot
12:
11:
5:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2117:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2041:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2017:
2016:
2008:
2007:
1998:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1973:
1965:
1957:
1950:
1942:
1934:
1926:
1918:
1910:
1902:
1894:
1886:
1878:
1870:
1862:
1854:
1846:
1838:
1830:
1822:
1814:
1806:
1798:
1790:
1782:
1774:
1765:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1694:
1685:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1655:
1645:
1640:The Roosevelts
1635:
1625:
1615:
1605:
1595:
1578:
1571:
1564:
1556:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1537:
1534:Roosevelt Road
1530:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1429:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1342:Mount Rushmore
1338:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1269:
1261:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1235:
1225:
1215:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1187:
1177:
1169:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1114:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1072:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1027:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1008:
1001:
994:
987:
980:
973:
966:
959:
952:
945:
938:
931:
930:
929:
915:
908:
901:
900:
899:
896:Roosevelt Hall
885:
884:
883:
876:
869:
855:
848:
847:
846:
832:
831:
830:
823:
809:
802:
795:
788:
781:
774:
767:
760:
757:Expediting Act
753:
746:
745:
744:
730:
723:
722:
721:
707:
706:
705:
698:
695:Roosevelt Arch
691:
684:
677:
669:
662:
655:
652:Pelican Island
648:
641:
634:
620:
613:
604:
601:Foreign policy
597:
590:
589:
588:
573:
571:
559:
558:
556:
555:
547:
539:
528:
517:
505:
502:
501:
496:
494:
493:
486:
479:
471:
464:
463:
453:
447:
437:
425:
423:
420:
417:
416:
407:, Proceedings
397:
368:
337:
318:
317:
315:
312:
311:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
269:(public works)
264:
257:
254:
248:
245:
198:Missouri River
173:
170:
137:
134:
66:William Warner
20:Roosevelt and
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2127:
2126:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2028:
2019:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1940:(grandfather)
1939:
1935:
1932:(grandfather)
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1780:(second wife)
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1706:Nature fakers
1702:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1663:
1662:, 2024 series
1661:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1549:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1497:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1426:New York City
1423:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1162:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1140:Elkhorn Ranch
1137:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1107:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1082:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1020:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1002:
999:
995:
992:
988:
985:
981:
978:
974:
971:
967:
964:
960:
957:
953:
950:
946:
943:
939:
936:
932:
927:
923:
922:
920:
916:
913:
909:
906:
902:
897:
893:
892:
890:
886:
881:
877:
874:
870:
867:
863:
862:
860:
856:
853:
849:
844:
840:
839:
837:
833:
828:
824:
821:
817:
816:
814:
810:
807:
803:
800:
796:
793:
789:
786:
782:
779:
775:
772:
768:
765:
761:
758:
754:
751:
747:
742:
738:
737:
735:
731:
728:
724:
719:
715:
714:
712:
708:
703:
699:
696:
692:
689:
685:
682:
678:
674:
670:
667:
663:
660:
656:
653:
649:
646:
642:
639:
635:
632:
628:
627:
625:
621:
618:
614:
610:
605:
602:
598:
595:
591:
586:
585:historic site
582:
581:
579:
575:
574:
572:
569:
564:
560:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
533:
529:
525:
522:
518:
514:
511:
507:
506:
503:
499:
492:
487:
485:
480:
478:
473:
472:
469:
462:
458:
454:
452:
448:
446:70(1): 49–74.
445:
442:
438:
435:
431:
427:
426:
421:
414:
410:
406:
401:
398:
385:
381:
375:
373:
369:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
341:
338:
334:
332:
328:
323:
320:
313:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
268:
265:
263:
260:
259:
255:
253:
246:
244:
242:
238:
234:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
205:
203:
199:
196:, and on the
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
171:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
150:
146:
142:
135:
133:
131:
127:
122:
118:
114:
109:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
50:
47:
43:
39:
35:
27:
23:
18:
2001:
1992:
1772:(first wife)
1722:
1698:Ananias Club
1690:Bully pulpit
1659:
1649:
1639:
1630:Rough Riders
1629:
1619:
1609:
1599:
1589:
1515:
1335:Bibliography
1229:
1219:
1181:
1166:and speeches
1039:Rough Riders
941:
827:Panama Canal
624:Conservation
461:As DjVu text
456:
451:As DjVu text
443:
429:
400:
388:. Retrieved
384:the original
354:
350:
340:
329:
326:
322:
250:
230:
206:
175:
151:
147:
143:
139:
110:
51:
33:
31:
25:
1622:, 1940 film
1612:, 1927 film
1592:, 1901 film
1222:(1913 book)
1184:(1882 book)
799:Kinkaid Act
771:Hepburn Act
609:Square Deal
553:(1895–1897)
545:(1897–1898)
537:(1899–1900)
515:(1901–1909)
390:December 7,
233:water power
226:San Joaquin
202:Kansas City
172:Proceedings
162:Agriculture
117:Great Lakes
46:progressive
26:Mississippi
2043:Categories
1868:(grandson)
1860:(grandson)
1852:(grandson)
1844:(grandson)
1836:(grandson)
1812:(daughter)
1788:(daughter)
1561:Teddy bear
764:Elkins Act
718:court case
563:Presidency
314:References
222:Sacramento
60:; Senator
1916:(brother)
1733:Muckraker
1257:Elections
1230:The Forum
1154:Gravesite
182:Cleveland
178:St. Louis
2027:Category
1971:(nephew)
1924:(sister)
1908:(sister)
1900:(mother)
1892:(father)
1164:Writings
1109:Life and
568:timeline
436:, 167pp.
409:Archived
256:See also
214:Columbia
190:St. Paul
158:Interior
115:and the
38:Congress
1963:(niece)
1948:(uncle)
1674:Related
1660:Elkhorn
1553:culture
1551:Popular
1420:Statues
970:Cabinet
194:Memphis
1761:Family
1327:Legacy
1024:events
526:(1901)
220:, the
186:Duluth
164:, and
1979:(dog)
1828:(son)
1820:(son)
1804:(son)
1796:(son)
1582:Films
1575:Books
1518:(1906
1111:homes
1022:Other
218:Snake
200:from
1977:Pete
1526:1984
1522:1961
1514:USS
1317:1912
1310:1904
1303:1900
1295:1916
1288:1912
1281:1904
1274:1900
998:1908
991:1906
532:33rd
521:25th
510:26th
392:2011
224:and
216:and
32:The
359:doi
327:See
192:to
184:to
154:War
2045::
1524:,
1520:,
675:,
371:^
355:18
353:.
349:.
160:,
156:,
132:.
108:.
96:;
88:;
76:,
1744:"
1740:"
1735:"
1731:"
1708:"
1704:"
1692:"
1688:"
1528:)
611:"
607:"
570:)
566:(
490:e
483:t
476:v
394:.
365:.
361::
333:,
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
