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southern
Manchuria, the path linking Jinzhou, Fengtian, Tieling, Changchun, Hulun, and Ningguta was settled by Han Chinese during the Qianlong Emperor's reign, and Han Chinese were the majority in urban areas of Manchuria by 1800. This resulted in the local Han Chinese population growing to over 20 million before the
1335:
and prohibited any settlement of Han
Chinese into the region. Despite officially prohibiting Han Chinese settlement, by the 18th century the Qing decided to settle Han into the Northeast so that Han Chinese farmed 500,000 hectares in the region by the 1780s. Besides moving into the Liao area in
1548:
in
Heilongjiang. Harbin, more than any other city in China, possesses significant Russian influences: there are many Orthodox churches that have fallen out of use since the Cultural Revolution. Shenyang and Dalian, meanwhile, have sizable populations of Japanese and South Koreans due to their
1642:
In recent years, the
Chinese government has initialized the "Revitalize the Northeast campaign" to turn this region into one of China's economic growth engines. As of 2015 the region was losing population and the economy, dominated by state-owned enterprises, was stagnant.
1819:", is preserved and used for cooking. Different from other parts of Northern China, rice is consumed more in Northeast China. Most of the meat dishes are based around pork due to how cold it can get. Often braised pork or dumplings are the main attraction of a meal.
1882:
for the "corny" aesthetics of the 1970s boom period of the
Northeast, self-deprecating humor, and speculations on the decline and potential future of the economically depressed region. Notable works associated with the movement include
1810:
reflects the region's ethnic diversity, blending
Northern Han, Manchu and Korean cooking styles. One of the distinguishing characteristics of the cuisine is the use of uncooked fresh vegetables. During the long winter season, pickled
3901:
4538:
1877:
was coined by the rapper Gem to describe a revival in interest in the culture of the
Northeast after his song Yelang Disco went viral. Artwork associated with the Dongbei renaissance often incorporates
1489:
to improve policy coordination and integration. The region has experienced difficulty distancing itself from a planned economy, a legacy that began in 1905 with the establishment of the
Japanese
1481:). Recent years, however, have seen the stagnation of Northeast China's heavy-industry-based economy, as China's economy continues to liberalize and privatize; the government has initialized the
4686:
3794:
1357:
Because most people in
Northeast China trace their ancestries back to the migrants from the Chuang Guandong era, Northeastern Chinese were more culturally uniform compared to other
1281:
Northeast China has a total population of about 107,400,000 people, accounting for 8% of China's total population. The overwhelming majority of the population in the
Northeast is
4138:
3833:
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are abundant in the more densely settled southern part. The northern half of Heilongjiang is so cold and poorly drained that agriculture is almost impossible; however, the
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2219:
334:
3757:
3816:
2451:
1980:
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1311:'venture into the east of the Pass'). Northeast China historically had a significant Han Chinese population, reaching over 3 million by the end of the
3257:
417:'Region of the Manchus'). The toponym has since become associated with Japanese colonialism. Its use is considered controversial by some historians such as
3267:
2010:
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there. The region's once-abundant raw materials have also depleted and the economy has suffered from bureaucratic inefficiency and protectionist politics.
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1950:
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1564:. The rural population heavily concentrated in the warmer southern part of the Northeast, where very warm to hot summer weather permits crops such as
3936:
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2285:"The use of the term 'Manchuria' as a place-name had begun with the Japanese in the eighteenth century, and it was later introduced to Europe by
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3842:
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2907:
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2114:
2081:
421:, Norman Smith, and Mariko Asano Tamanoi who question its legitimacy. In China, areas once considered part of Manchuria are referred to as the
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The region is, on the whole, more heavily urbanised than most parts of China, largely because it was the first part of the country to develop
4543:
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1932:
1749:, though with unique phonological and syntactic features, and has noticeable vocabulary differences, with some terms originating from
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have settled in Northeast China at several points in history, with the first Chinese kingdom to enter the area being the state of
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1944:
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1956:
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invaded the region as part of its declaration of war against Japan. From 1945 to 1948, Northeast China was a base area for the
1475:, Northeast China continued to be a major industrial base of the country, and has been hailed as "the Republic's eldest son" (
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4306:
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1986:
1926:
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1745:'northeastern speech'), spoken throughout Heilongjiang, Jilin, and most of Liaoning. It is very closely related to
1651:
1230:
established himself in Northeast China, but was murdered by the Japanese for being too independent. The last Qing emperor,
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1998:
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1968:
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1029:
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1962:
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and first used in the 18th or 19th century, though not itself used by the Manchus or Chinese people. Variations of
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2004:
1792:
1419:
1375:
1348:, further immigrations were organized by the Central Government to "develop the Great Northern Wilderness" (
1195:
68:
46:
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4049:
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4154:
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3713:
3701:
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is almost extinct due to widespread assimilation to Han culture over the last four centuries. Ethnic
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in China, with an area of over 350,000 km (140,000 sq mi). It is separated from the
1285:, many of whose ancestors came in the 19th and 20th centuries during a migration movement called "
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4242:
4171:
4128:
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3665:
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3464:
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3215:
3041:
2852:
2838:
2820:
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2646:
2477:
2376:
2318:
2277:
2267:
2180:"China's rust belt population plummeted in last decade, exacerbating regional economic divide"
1761:
1746:
1448:
1345:
1258:
2753:
2395:
93:
4858:
4851:
4750:
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4671:
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4394:
4330:
4325:
4159:
4133:
4118:
4003:
3981:
3965:
3871:
3320:
3310:
3227:
3150:
3105:
3053:
2943:
2928:
2920:
2609:"China's Northeastern rust belt was once 'eldest son', now struggling as runt of the litter"
2418:
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1908:
1784:
1750:
1695:
1683:
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was the most important industrial enterprise in northeast China until the discovery of the
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has the largest stretch of arable flatland in the country, with an abundance of fertile
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4722:
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4523:
4508:
4503:
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4257:
3612:
3607:
3537:
3123:
2215:
1776:. It is phonologically more different to Standard Mandarin than Northeastern Mandarin.
1608:
1497:
1243:
1191:
394:
342:
303:
2667:
1079:. The region came under the rule of various states throughout history, including Yan,
4889:
4832:
4579:
4413:
4252:
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3205:
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2447:
1884:
1854:
1632:
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1411:
1403:
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1199:
1172:
1164:
516:
4872:
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3200:
3195:
3190:
3180:
3175:
3165:
3083:
3078:
2144:"China Has Its Own Rust Belt, And It's Getting Left Behind As The Country Prospers"
1666:
In general, the culture of Northeast China takes its elements from the cultures of
1628:
1620:
1399:
1324:
1312:
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1235:
1227:
1180:
1176:
1168:
1152:
1144:
1132:
1084:
662:
497:
471:
437:
429:
307:
260:
1361:. People from the Northeast would first identify themselves as "Northeasterners" (
1219:
1020:
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3118:
3113:
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1862:
1835:
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1223:
1203:
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35:
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base, focusing mainly on equipment manufacturing. Major industries include the
17:
4624:
3532:
3343:
3071:
2835:
In Manchuria: A Village Called Wasteland and the Transformation of Rural China
2755:
Handbook of Plant-Based Fermented Food and Beverage Technology, Second Edition
2454:
1892:
1858:
1827:
1597:
1545:
1537:
1383:
1156:
1124:
1120:
886:
322:
295:
279:
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2544:
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form the second significant ethnic group in Northeast China, followed by the
4634:
4589:
3527:
3468:
2815:
2759:
2354:
A Lost Mathematician, Takeo Nakasawa: The Forgotten Father of Matroid Theory
2048:
1879:
1853:
Because of its climatic conditions, Northeast China is the base for China's
1616:
1601:
1561:
1517:
1468:
1251:
1239:
1128:
835:
625:
375:
338:
326:
1273:, who were victorious in 1949 and have been controlling this region since.
2819:, Centre for Chinese Studies, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 2000.
2585:
1190:
During the late Qing dynasty, Northeast China came under influence of the
4709:
4702:
4015:
2784:
2635:
Building for Oil: Daqing and the Formation of the Chinese Socialist State
1816:
1773:
1769:
1671:
1624:
1505:
1316:
1096:
1048:
1039:
Northeast China was the homeland of several ethnic groups, including the
756:
570:
552:
346:
252:
3138:
3133:
3128:
2299:
2264:
The Russo-Japanese War in Global Perspective: World War Zero, Volume 2.
1780:
1573:
1541:
1112:
1064:
1040:
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511:
350:
4804:
1839:
1831:
1730:
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1521:
1513:
1509:
1436:
1407:
1371:
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936:
911:
861:
809:
783:
680:
461:
433:
398:
385:
380:
287:
234:
2668:"Central Planning Got the Northeast in Trouble – and Won't Save It"
1842:
are popular forms of traditional entertainment in Northeast China.
428:
The area was historically referred to by various names. During the
2916:
2262:
Nakami Tatsuo. "Qing China's Northeast Crescent: The Great Game."
1650:
1612:
1604:, and sheep are even more abundant than in southern Heilongjiang.
1589:
1581:
1565:
1525:
1088:
1052:
1019:
986:
607:
500:, and Fengtian since 1683 when Heilongjiang was split from Jilin.
493:
271:
256:
157:
2885:
1524:, all with several million inhabitants. Other cities include the
1354:), eventually peaking the population at over 100 million people.
2814:
Swallows and Settlers - The Great Migration from North China to
2198:"China census reveals the true scale of the Northeast's decline"
1577:
1501:
1231:
2889:
1367:) before affiliating to individual provinces and cities/towns.
2785:"As China's Economy Wobbles, Its Rust Belt Is Having a Moment"
1865:
athletes often come from or were educated in Northeast China.
1593:
337:, in which five prefectures of eastern Inner Mongolia, namely
317:
of its once-powerful industrial sector and the decline of its
29:
1210:
replaced Russian influence in the region as a result of the
1682:. Northeast China also takes cultural inspiration from the
432:, the area in which the Jurchens lived was referred to as
2874:
357:, are also formally defined as regions of the Northeast.
1485:
campaign to counter this problem, and established the
538:
402:
2341:
Memory Maps: The State and Manchuria in Postwar Japan
2078:"Main Data of the Seventh National Population Census"
1753:. There are enough differences from Mandarin to give
713:
Cities with urban area over one million in population
306:
to the west by the Greater Khingan and parts of the
4813:
4731:
4652:
4552:
4432:
4229:
4187:
4147:
3980:
3892:
3743:
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3627:
3553:
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3334:
3297:
3226:
3104:
3052:
3012:
2936:
2927:
2737:Qian, Cengyi; Zhang, Shuzheng; Luo, Futeng (2001).
1234:, was then placed on the throne to lead a Japanese
210:
200:
192:
184:
176:
168:
163:
153:
137:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1463:The Northeast was one of the earliest regions to
2467:
2465:
2463:
2162:"Northeast China: Still Waiting for Regionalism"
1850:is an example of the folk songs of this region.
2220:State Council of the People's Republic of China
335:State Council of the People's Republic of China
2372:Mapping Chengde: The Qing Landscape Enterprise
1981:Changchun University of Science and Technology
409:
2901:
2422:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFClausen1995 (
1678:who migrated into Northeast China during the
1607:Northeast China is the country's traditional
1476:
1362:
1349:
698:
668:
643:
613:
588:
558:
383:of Japanese origin, derived from the endonym
325:, the region is often referred to as China's
8:
2752:Y. H. Hui; E. Özgül Evranuz (May 17, 2012).
2641:monograph series. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
2375:. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 16–.
2352:Nishimura, Hirokazu; Kuroda, Susumu (2009).
393:which arrived in European languages through
2472:国务院人口普查办公室; 国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司, eds. (2012).
2247:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGiles1912 (
2011:Dongbei University of Finance and Economics
1740:
1451:. The region has also a strong presence of
1306:
4549:
4235:
3986:
3674:
3670:
3331:
3303:
2933:
2908:
2894:
2886:
2437:GB/T 2260 codes for the provinces of China
1951:Shenyang University of Chemical Technology
725:
507:
134:
2875:The Provincial Government of Heilongjiang
2101:"Home - Regional - Quarterly by Province"
251:. It consists of three provinces, namely
172:791,826 km (305,726 sq mi)
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2596:from the original on February 24, 2022.
2414:
2069:
2040:
1588:. The region possesses large flocks of
1422:make up roughly 35% of the population.
191:
175:
162:
152:
143:
3843:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
2586:"The 'third Korea' Yanbian in decline"
2266:David Wolff et al., eds. Brill, 2005.
2216:"Northeast Revitalization Plan (2007)"
2115:"The nine nations of China: Rust Belt"
2082:National Bureau of Statistics of China
2047:Not to be confused with the unrelated
1757:its own distinctive characteristics.
2870:The Provincial Government of Liaoning
2812:Thomas R. Gottschang and Diana Lary:
2239:
1453:folk religions and Confucian churches
1059:(also known as the Goldi and Nanai),
209:
199:
183:
167:
7:
1416:Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture
58:adding citations to reliable sources
4539:Major Historical and Cultural Sites
2476:. Beijing: China Statistics Press.
266:The heartland of the region is the
2880:The Provincial Government of Jilin
2849:Mitya's Harbin; Majesty and Menace
2024:Northeast Area Revitalization Plan
1795:tend to be bilingual in their own
1414:. Located in the Northeast is the
331:Northeast Area Revitalization Plan
216:$ 8,746 (excluding Inner Mongolia)
25:
3834:Political Consultative Conference
2851:, Book Publishers Network, 2016.
2666:Li Yongfeng (24 September 2015).
2457:codes for the provinces of China)
1915:Northeast Agricultural University
1340:. After the establishment of the
1214:in 1904–1905, and Japan laid the
333:was launched in the 2000s by the
4620:Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty
4615:Four Masters of the Ming dynasty
1945:Shenyang Agricultural University
1694:There are two main varieties of
1580:are also very important, as are
1443:coexist alongside predominating
1261:. With the encouragement of the
329:. As a result, a campaign named
145:
34:
4610:Four Paragons of the Early Tang
3807:Political parties and movements
3171:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
3156:Northern and Southern dynasties
2722:Yin, Shichao; Li, Rong (1997).
2707:Li, Yingzi (2008). "东北方言研究综述".
2369:Philippe Forêt (January 2000).
2098:GDP-2022 is a preliminary data
1957:Dalian University of Technology
1674:, the hometowns of most of the
1504:reserves. Major cities include
45:needs additional citations for
2643:Harvard University Asia Center
1987:Northeast Petroleum University
1927:Harbin Institute of Technology
1735:
1726:
1718:
1572:to be grown with high yields.
1552:The Northeast is an important
1477:
1363:
1350:
1302:
1294:
488:
483:
479:
466:
457:
449:
239:
230:
1:
2783:Tone, Sixth (July 31, 2023).
1999:Harbin Engineering University
1993:Shenyang Aerospace University
1969:Northeast Forestry University
1799:tongues as well as Mandarin.
1359:geographical regions of China
1315:, but they were subjected to
1269:during the Civil War for the
3912:Ministry of National Defense
3251:Chinese Communist Revolution
1808:Northeastern Chinese cuisine
1698:spoken in Northeast China.
1471:. After the founding of the
515:
510:
27:Geographical region of China
4921:Geography of Northeast Asia
4575:Flowers of the Four Seasons
4560:Four Treasures of the Study
4179:Water supply and sanitation
3907:Central Military Commission
3902:Outline of military history
3652:Province-level subdivisions
2607:Chan, Elaine (2019-05-06).
2103:(Press release). China NBS.
1921:Northeast Normal University
1869:Film, music, and literature
1633:Anshan Iron and Steel Works
1467:in China during the era of
1432:Religion in Northeast China
535:
532:
529:
403:
4937:
3848:Primary stage of socialism
3790:National People's Congress
3258:People's Republic of China
2847:Lenore Lamont Zissermann:
2837:, Bloomsbury Press, 2015,
2639:Harvard-Yenching Institute
2615:. South China Morning Post
2345:University of Hawaii Press
1975:Shenyang Normal University
1963:Dalian Maritime University
1473:People's Republic of China
1429:
1342:People's Republic of China
1226:in the Republic of China,
1013:
526:
523:
520:
366:
249:People's Republic of China
4845:
4238:
3989:
3673:
3598:UNESCO Biosphere Reserves
3306:
2287:Philipp Franz von Siebold
1265:, the area was used as a
1194:with the building of the
699:
669:
644:
614:
589:
559:
410:
144:
4773:Catholic Church in China
3917:People's Liberation Army
3884:One country, two systems
2473:
2401:16 November 2022 at the
2339:Tamanoi, Mariko (2009).
2324:16 November 2022 at the
2273:16 November 2022 at the
2184:South China Morning Post
1846:Northeastern Cradle Song
1556:region of China, as the
1483:Revitalize the Northeast
1338:Second Sino-Japanese War
1255:People's Liberation Army
1216:South Manchurian Railway
504:Administrative divisions
4605:Four Pillars of Destiny
4390:Regional discrimination
3812:Chinese Communist Party
2356:. Springer. p. 15.
2005:Heilongjiang University
1933:Northeastern University
1701:The most widely spoken
1323:by the conquest of the
1196:Chinese Eastern Railway
718:Provincial capitals in
188:124/km (320/sq mi)
4358:Science and technology
4031:Special economic zones
3283:persecution of Uyghurs
3211:Century of humiliation
1887:'s fiction collection
1760:The second variety is
1663:
1549:traditional linkages.
1500:owing to its abundant
1445:Chinese folk religions
1386:, as well as 49 other
1246:of Japan in 1945, the
1036:
369:Etymology of Manchuria
4565:Four Great Inventions
3949:People's Armed Police
2569:Reardon-Anderson 2000
2557:Reardon-Anderson 2000
2545:Reardon-Anderson 2000
2521:Reardon-Anderson 2000
2509:Reardon-Anderson 2000
2497:Reardon-Anderson 2000
1823:Folk dance and sports
1707:Northeastern Mandarin
1654:
1558:Northeast China Plain
1023:
367:Further information:
268:Northeast China Plain
4544:World Heritage Sites
4072:Foreign aid received
3780:Environmental policy
3578:Environmental policy
3573:Environmental issues
1897:Black Coal, Thin Ice
1331:during the reign of
1016:History of Manchuria
294:to the south by the
278:to the north by the
185: • Density
54:improve this article
4790:History of religion
4785:Freedom of religion
4640:Four Pests campaign
4585:Four Classic Novels
4197:Automotive industry
4077:Foreign aid program
3768:Pro-democratisation
3263:Cultural Revolution
2305:2 July 2019 at the
1939:Liaoning University
1875:Dongbei renaissance
1815:, which is called "
1723:traditional Chinese
1627:manufacturing, and
1600:provides very rich
1491:sphere of influence
1299:traditional Chinese
454:traditional Chinese
440:used names such as
4697:Population history
4677:Internal migration
4292:Harmonious Society
4167:Telecommunications
4124:Standard of living
4043:Online advertising
3795:Standing Committee
1903:Major universities
1889:Moses on the Plain
1873:In 2019, the term
1770:Jiaodong Peninsula
1766:Liaodong Peninsula
1715:simplified Chinese
1664:
1629:petroleum refining
1528:making centres of
1344:at the end of the
1327:, who then set up
1291:simplified Chinese
1271:Chinese Communists
1212:Russo-Japanese War
1037:
676:Hēilóngjiāng Shěng
446:simplified Chinese
211: - Per Capita
169: • Total
4881:
4880:
4841:
4840:
4648:
4647:
4225:
4224:
4212:Shipping industry
3976:
3975:
3942:Strategic Support
3817:General Secretary
3802:National security
3785:Foreign relations
3739:
3738:
3660:
3659:
3623:
3622:
3326:Natural disasters
3293:
3292:
3246:Chinese Civil War
3241:Republic of China
3216:Taiping Rebellion
3089:Spring and Autumn
2994:Foreign relations
2857:978-1-940598-75-8
2692:Li, Rong (2012).
2652:978-0-674-26022-1
2483:978-7-5037-6659-6
2382:978-0-8248-2293-4
1768:, as well as the
1762:Jiaoliao Mandarin
1747:Standard Mandarin
1743:
1388:ethnic minorities
1346:Chinese Civil War
1309:
1259:Chinese Civil War
1185:Republic of China
1007:
1006:
710:
709:
706:
677:
651:
622:
596:
567:
220:
219:
206:$ 861.514 billion
130:
129:
122:
104:
69:"Northeast China"
16:(Redirected from
4928:
4901:Regions of China
4861:
4854:
4751:Tibetan Buddhism
4746:Chinese Buddhism
4600:Four Holy Beasts
4550:
4402:Social relations
4331:Standard Chinese
4326:Chinese language
4236:
4021:Economic history
3987:
3966:Maritime Militia
3675:
3671:
3642:Border crossings
3637:Baseline islands
3332:
3304:
3268:Tiananmen Square
3151:Sixteen Kingdoms
2959:Military history
2934:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2887:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2749:
2743:
2742:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2719:
2713:
2712:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2663:
2657:
2656:
2633:Hou, Li (2021).
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2584:(June 3, 2013).
2578:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2524:
2518:
2512:
2506:
2500:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2469:
2458:
2445:
2439:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2412:
2406:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2366:
2360:
2357:
2348:
2335:
2329:
2316:
2310:
2297:
2291:
2260:
2254:
2252:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2212:
2206:
2205:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2121:. Archived from
2111:
2105:
2104:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2088:on May 11, 2021.
2084:. Archived from
2074:
2052:
2045:
1909:Jilin University
1764:, spoken in the
1744:
1741:
1737:
1728:
1720:
1696:Mandarin Chinese
1684:Tungusic peoples
1657:Zhongshan Square
1655:Dalian Hotel at
1637:Daqing oil field
1631:industries. The
1487:Northeast Summit
1480:
1479:
1441:Chinese Buddhism
1366:
1365:
1353:
1352:
1329:Willow Palisades
1310:
1307:
1304:
1296:
1028:statue from the
726:
705:
703:
702:
701:
675:
673:
672:
671:
650:
648:
647:
646:
620:
618:
617:
616:
595:
593:
592:
591:
565:
563:
562:
561:
508:
490:
485:
481:
468:
459:
451:
416:
415:
414:
406:
401:of the Japanese
276:Russian Far East
241:
232:
149:
135:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
4936:
4935:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4925:
4896:Northeast China
4886:
4885:
4882:
4877:
4864:
4857:
4850:
4837:
4809:
4727:
4687:Life expectancy
4644:
4548:
4428:
4348:Public holidays
4336:Written Chinese
4321:Intellectualism
4273:Sex trafficking
4221:
4183:
4143:
3972:
3888:
3735:
3726:Nationality law
3709:Law enforcement
3687:Judicial system
3656:
3619:
3593:Nature reserves
3583:Protected areas
3549:
3520:Water resources
3483:
3392:
3330:
3289:
3273:Economic reform
3236:1911 Revolution
3222:
3186:Jin (1115–1234)
3100:
3048:
3008:
2923:
2914:
2884:
2866:
2808:
2803:
2802:
2793:
2791:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2770:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2720:
2716:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2676:
2674:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2618:
2616:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2567:
2563:
2555:
2551:
2543:
2539:
2531:
2527:
2519:
2515:
2507:
2503:
2495:
2491:
2484:
2475:
2474:中国2010年人口普查分县资料
2471:
2470:
2461:
2446:
2442:
2435:
2431:
2421:
2413:
2409:
2403:Wayback Machine
2394:
2390:
2383:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2351:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2326:Wayback Machine
2317:
2313:
2307:Wayback Machine
2298:
2294:
2275:Wayback Machine
2261:
2257:
2246:
2238:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2128:
2126:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2046:
2042:
2037:
2029:Outer Manchuria
2020:
1905:
1871:
1825:
1813:Chinese cabbage
1805:
1789:Manchu language
1692:
1680:Chuang Guandong
1649:
1461:
1434:
1428:
1333:Shunzhi Emperor
1287:Chuang Guandong
1279:
1208:Empire of Japan
1034:Shanghai Museum
1018:
1012:
715:
704:
697:
674:
667:
649:
642:
619:
612:
594:
587:
566:Liáoníng Shěng
564:
557:
506:
492:) referring to
476:Three Provinces
470:), East of the
419:Mark C. Elliott
407:
371:
365:
319:economic growth
223:Northeast China
215:
205:
204:¥5.795 trillion
140:
139:Northeast China
133:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:Inner Manchuria
15:
12:
11:
5:
4934:
4932:
4924:
4923:
4918:
4916:Northeast Asia
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4888:
4887:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4875:
4870:
4863:
4862:
4855:
4847:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4819:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4754:
4753:
4748:
4737:
4735:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4714:
4713:
4706:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4658:
4656:
4650:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4570:Four Gentlemen
4567:
4562:
4556:
4554:
4553:Fours of China
4547:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4490:
4489:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4438:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4410:
4409:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4372:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4339:
4338:
4333:
4323:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4294:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4277:
4276:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4239:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4202:Civil aviation
4199:
4193:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4151:
4149:
4148:Infrastructure
4145:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4102:Semiconductors
4099:
4094:
4084:
4082:Historical GDP
4079:
4074:
4069:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4028:
4018:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4001:
3996:
3990:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3898:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3860:Vice President
3852:
3851:
3850:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3826:
3825:
3824:
3819:
3804:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3760:
3755:
3749:
3747:
3741:
3740:
3737:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3706:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3689:
3683:
3681:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3633:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3588:National parks
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3568:Climate policy
3565:
3563:Climate change
3559:
3557:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3469:Central Plains
3458:
3453:
3452:
3451:
3446:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3400:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3389:
3388:
3383:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3340:
3338:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3316:Extreme points
3313:
3307:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3238:
3232:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3124:Three Kingdoms
3121:
3116:
3110:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3094:Warring States
3091:
3086:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3064:
3058:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3024:
3018:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2954:Historiography
2951:
2946:
2940:
2938:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2905:
2898:
2890:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2865:
2864:External links
2862:
2861:
2860:
2845:
2843:978-1620402863
2828:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2775:
2768:
2762:. p. 58.
2744:
2729:
2714:
2699:
2684:
2658:
2651:
2625:
2599:
2573:
2561:
2549:
2537:
2533:Scharping 1998
2525:
2513:
2501:
2489:
2482:
2459:
2440:
2429:
2407:
2388:
2381:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2330:
2311:
2292:
2255:
2232:
2207:
2204:. 12 May 2021.
2189:
2186:. 14 May 2021.
2171:
2153:
2135:
2106:
2091:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1904:
1901:
1870:
1867:
1824:
1821:
1804:
1801:
1709:, commonly as
1691:
1688:
1648:
1645:
1540:in Jilin, and
1498:heavy industry
1460:
1457:
1430:Main article:
1427:
1424:
1420:ethnic Koreans
1278:
1275:
1267:staging ground
1244:atomic bombing
1192:Russian Empire
1032:now housed in
1014:Main article:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
984:
980:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
959:
955:
954:
951:
948:
945:
942:
939:
934:
930:
929:
926:
923:
920:
917:
914:
909:
905:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
884:
880:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
859:
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854:
851:
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832:
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790:
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772:
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753:
749:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
724:
723:
714:
711:
708:
707:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
678:
665:
660:
657:
653:
652:
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637:
634:
631:
628:
623:
610:
605:
602:
598:
597:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
568:
555:
550:
547:
543:
542:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
519:
514:
505:
502:
364:
361:
304:Inner Mongolia
270:, the largest
218:
217:
212:
208:
207:
202:
198:
197:
194:
190:
189:
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182:
181:
178:
174:
173:
170:
166:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
142:
141:
138:
132:Place in China
131:
128:
127:
110:September 2024
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4933:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4884:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4860:
4856:
4853:
4849:
4848:
4844:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4812:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4779:
4778:Protestantism
4776:
4774:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4763:Folk religion
4761:
4759:
4756:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4734:
4730:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4711:
4707:
4704:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4667:Ethnic groups
4665:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4651:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4580:Four Beauties
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4431:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4419:Urban society
4417:
4415:
4412:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4403:
4400:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4375:Social issues
4373:
4371:
4368:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4353:Rural society
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4328:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4315:
4312:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4281:
4278:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4253:Chinese Dream
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4228:
4218:
4217:Space program
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4180:
4177:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4165:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4036:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3962:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3895:
3891:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3867:State Council
3865:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3849:
3846:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3827:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3753:Civil service
3751:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3552:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3374:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3359:South Central
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3225:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3146:Jin (266–420)
3144:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3015:
3011:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2989:Ethnic groups
2987:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2911:
2906:
2904:
2899:
2897:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2831:Michael Meyer
2829:
2826:
2825:0-89264-134-7
2822:
2818:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2790:
2786:
2779:
2776:
2771:
2769:9781439849040
2765:
2761:
2757:
2756:
2748:
2745:
2740:
2733:
2730:
2725:
2718:
2715:
2710:
2703:
2700:
2695:
2688:
2685:
2673:
2669:
2662:
2659:
2654:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2629:
2626:
2614:
2613:China Economy
2610:
2603:
2600:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2582:Andrei Lankov
2577:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2553:
2550:
2546:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2526:
2522:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2505:
2502:
2498:
2493:
2490:
2485:
2479:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2453:
2449:
2448:ISO 3166-2:CN
2444:
2441:
2438:
2433:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2416:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2396:Crossley 1999
2392:
2389:
2384:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2365:
2362:
2355:
2350:
2349:
2347:. p. 10.
2346:
2342:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2283:
2282:9789004154162
2279:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2256:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2233:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2136:
2125:on 2016-10-18
2124:
2120:
2116:
2110:
2107:
2102:
2095:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2063:
2058:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1885:Shuang Xuetao
1881:
1876:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1855:winter sports
1851:
1849:
1847:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1783:speak mostly
1782:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1738:
1732:
1724:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1536:in Liaoning,
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1465:industrialize
1458:
1456:
1454:
1450:
1449:local shamans
1446:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1368:
1360:
1355:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1300:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1222:. During the
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1173:Northern Yuan
1170:
1166:
1165:Mongol Empire
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1009:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
988:
985:
982:
981:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
963:
960:
957:
956:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
938:
935:
932:
931:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
913:
910:
907:
906:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
888:
885:
882:
881:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
863:
860:
857:
856:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
838:
837:
833:
830:
829:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
811:
808:
805:
804:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
786:
785:
781:
778:
777:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
759:
758:
754:
751:
750:
746:
743:
740:
738:District area
737:
734:
731:
728:
727:
721:
717:
716:
712:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
682:
679:
666:
664:
661:
658:
655:
654:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
627:
624:
611:
609:
606:
603:
600:
599:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
572:
569:
556:
554:
551:
548:
545:
544:
541:
524:Chinese Name
518:
513:
509:
503:
501:
499:
495:
491:
477:
473:
469:
463:
455:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
426:
424:
420:
413:
405:
400:
396:
392:
388:
387:
382:
378:
377:
370:
362:
360:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
290:Rivers; from
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
236:
228:
224:
213:
203:
201: - Total
195:
187:
179:
171:
159:
156:
148:
136:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
4883:
4768:Christianity
4758:Confucianism
4718:Urbanization
4654:Demographics
4630:Gang of Four
4595:Four Symbols
4494:Martial arts
4268:Prostitution
4155:Architecture
4009:Central bank
3877:Vice Premier
3829:United front
3758:Constitution
3714:Penal system
3692:Human rights
3629:Subdivisions
3467: /
3463: /
3386:Southwestern
3381:Northwestern
3348:
3084:Western Zhou
3032:Yellow River
2982:1949–present
2848:
2834:
2813:
2792:. Retrieved
2788:
2778:
2754:
2747:
2738:
2732:
2723:
2717:
2708:
2702:
2693:
2687:
2677:24 September
2675:. Retrieved
2671:
2661:
2634:
2628:
2617:. Retrieved
2612:
2602:
2589:
2576:
2564:
2552:
2540:
2528:
2516:
2504:
2492:
2443:
2432:
2415:Clausen 1995
2410:
2391:
2371:
2364:
2353:
2340:
2333:
2314:
2300:Tamanoi 2000
2295:
2284:
2263:
2258:
2235:
2223:. Retrieved
2210:
2202:andrewbatson
2201:
2192:
2183:
2174:
2166:The Diplomat
2165:
2156:
2147:
2138:
2127:. Retrieved
2123:the original
2118:
2109:
2094:
2086:the original
2072:
2043:
1888:
1872:
1852:
1843:
1826:
1806:
1778:
1759:
1754:
1734:
1710:
1700:
1693:
1665:
1641:
1621:shipbuilding
1606:
1551:
1495:
1462:
1435:
1369:
1356:
1325:Qing Dynasty
1321:assimilation
1313:Ming Dynasty
1280:
1277:Demographics
1263:Soviet Union
1248:Soviet Union
1242:. After the
1236:puppet state
1228:Zhang Zuolin
1189:
1181:Qing dynasty
1177:Ming dynasty
1169:Yuan dynasty
1153:Eastern Liao
1145:Liao dynasty
1133:Tang dynasty
1085:Wiman Joseon
1038:
834:
782:
755:
747:Census date
719:
663:Heilongjiang
621:Jílín Shěng
498:Heilongjiang
489:Dōngsānshěng
487:
475:
465:
441:
438:Qing dynasty
430:Ming dynasty
427:
422:
390:
384:
374:
372:
359:
312:
308:Xiliao River
300:Tumen Rivers
265:
261:Heilongjiang
238:
222:
221:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
4534:Variety art
4529:Tea culture
4457:Calligraphy
4442:Archaeology
4302:Food safety
4097:Gold mining
3999:Aquaculture
3994:Agriculture
3954:Coast Guard
3721:Naming laws
3555:Environment
3543:South China
3022:Paleolithic
3014:Prehistoric
2972:before 1912
1863:ice skating
1836:Jilin opera
1676:Han Chinese
1668:North China
1554:breadbasket
1283:Han Chinese
1224:Warlord Era
1220:Port Arthur
1218:in 1906 to
1204:Vladivostok
1161:Eastern Xia
1149:Jin dynasty
1117:Western Jin
1109:Gongsun Yan
1105:Eastern Han
1101:Xin dynasty
1093:Western Han
1081:Gija Joseon
1073:Han Chinese
1030:Jin dynasty
1026:Bodhisattva
1003:2010-11-01
978:2010-11-01
953:2010-11-01
928:2010-11-01
903:2010-11-01
878:2010-11-01
853:2010-11-01
826:2010-11-01
801:2010-11-01
774:2010-11-01
741:City proper
685:38,312,224
630:27,462,297
575:43,746,323
530:Population
313:Due to the
302:; and from
292:North Korea
4911:Inner Asia
4890:Categories
4795:Irreligion
4692:Statistics
4662:Emigration
4625:Four Wangs
4514:Philosophy
4499:Mass media
4482:Literature
4380:Patriarchy
4343:Propaganda
4263:Corruption
4248:Censorship
4038:E-commerce
3745:Government
3538:East China
3510:Waterfalls
3456:Peninsulas
3424:Grasslands
2794:2023-08-30
2789:#SixthTone
2726:. 江蘇教育出版社.
2619:2019-05-06
2417:, p.
2319:Smith 2012
2242:, p.
2240:Giles 1912
2129:2017-03-04
2059:References
1995:(沈阳航空航天大学)
1893:Diao Yinan
1859:Ice hockey
1828:Errenzhuan
1787:, and the
1755:dongbeihua
1736:Dōngběihuà
1711:dongbeihua
1639:in 1959.
1617:automobile
1609:industrial
1598:Amur River
1562:black soil
1546:Mudanjiang
1538:Jilin City
1382:, and the
1157:Later Liao
1125:Former Qin
1121:Former Yan
795:10,635,971
735:Urban area
536:Area (km)
323:population
180:98,514,948
177:Population
80:newspapers
4906:Manchuria
4682:Languages
4635:Four Olds
4590:Four arts
4477:Libraries
4407:Structure
4370:Sexuality
4307:incidents
4280:Education
4189:Transport
4065:Renewable
4060:Petroleum
3855:President
3822:Politburo
3775:Elections
3763:Democracy
3731:Terrorism
3479:Volcanoes
3461:Northeast
3439:Mountains
3349:Northeast
3299:Geography
3206:High Qing
3027:Neolithic
2999:Dynasties
2977:1912–1949
2968:Economic
2937:Overviews
2816:Manchuria
2760:CRC Press
2571:, p. 509.
2559:, p. 508.
2547:, p. 507.
2523:, p. 506.
2511:, p. 505.
2499:, p. 504.
2328:, p. 219.
2309:, p. 249.
2225:31 August
2064:Citations
2049:Guangdong
2001:(哈尔滨工程大学)
1929:(哈尔滨工业大学)
1880:nostalgia
1797:Mongolian
1602:fisheries
1518:Changchun
1469:Manchukuo
1252:Communist
1240:Manchukuo
1129:Later Yan
1024:A wooden
997:1,709,538
994:1,094,294
991:1,000,128
972:5,367,003
969:1,553,788
966:1,314,720
947:2,138,090
944:1,431,014
941:1,318,808
922:2,904,532
919:1,649,825
916:1,433,698
897:4,413,157
894:1,975,121
891:1,469,722
872:3,645,884
869:1,544,084
866:1,504,996
847:7,674,439
844:4,193,073
841:3,411,209
836:Changchun
820:6,690,432
817:4,087,733
814:3,902,467
792:5,878,939
789:4,933,054
768:8,106,171
765:6,255,921
762:5,718,232
626:Changchun
521:Province
474:) or the
423:Northeast
391:Manchuria
376:Manchuria
373:The name
355:Xilin Gol
339:Hulunbuir
327:Rust Belt
315:shrinking
4868:Category
4741:Buddhism
4733:Religion
4710:Post-90s
4703:Post-80s
4447:Archives
4314:HIV/AIDS
4285:Literacy
4243:Abortion
4172:Internet
4129:Taxation
4112:Textiles
4092:Chemical
4087:Industry
4016:Currency
3894:Military
3702:in Tibet
3666:Politics
3603:Wildlife
3515:Wetlands
3278:COVID-19
3106:Imperial
3004:Monarchs
2964:Language
2949:Timeline
2921:articles
2594:Archived
2590:THEAsiaN
2535:, p. 18.
2405:, p. 55.
2399:Archived
2322:Archived
2303:Archived
2271:Archived
2119:Atlantic
2018:See also
2013:(东北财经大学)
1989:(东北石油大学)
1983:(长春理工大学)
1977:(沈阳师范大学)
1971:(东北林业大学)
1965:(大连海事大学)
1959:(大连理工大学)
1953:(沈阳化工大学)
1947:(沈阳农业大学)
1923:(东北师范大学)
1917:(东北农业大学)
1891:and the
1817:suan cai
1785:Mandarin
1774:Shandong
1690:Dialects
1672:Shandong
1625:aircraft
1574:Soybeans
1506:Shenyang
1426:Religion
1390:such as
1317:eviction
1198:through
1097:Goguryeo
1049:Jurchens
757:Shenyang
691:454,800
636:191,126
581:145,900
571:Shenyang
553:Liaoning
533:Density
527:Capital
467:Guāndōng
442:Guandong
347:Tongliao
253:Liaoning
4852:Outline
4815:Symbols
4672:Eunuchs
4519:Smoking
4467:Cuisine
4434:Culture
4424:Welfare
4395:Suicide
4363:history
4231:Society
4160:Housing
4134:Tourism
4119:Poverty
4004:Banking
3982:Economy
3961:Militia
3872:Premier
3474:Valleys
3434:Islands
3419:Deserts
3409:Canyons
3397:Terrain
3376:Western
3364:Central
3336:Regions
3321:Geology
3311:Borders
3054:Ancient
3037:Yangtze
2944:History
2929:History
2806:Sources
2741:. 齊鲁書社.
2724:哈爾濱方言詞典
2694:中國語言地圖集
2268:p. 514.
2007:(黑龙江大学)
1803:Cuisine
1793:Mongols
1781:Manchus
1779:Ethnic
1751:Russian
1647:Culture
1542:Qiqihar
1459:Economy
1447:led by
1404:Oroqens
1400:Hezhens
1380:Koreans
1376:Mongols
1372:Manchus
1370:Ethnic
1257:in the
1137:Wu Zhou
1113:Cao Wei
1065:Xianbei
1045:Manchus
1041:Koreans
1010:History
962:Qiqihar
633:146.54
578:299.83
517:ISO No.
397:, as a
351:Chifeng
343:Hinggan
247:of the
243:) is a
240:Dōngběi
227:Chinese
214:¥58,824
154:Country
94:scholar
4873:Portal
4828:Emblem
4823:Anthem
4805:Taoism
4487:Poetry
4462:Cinema
4385:Racism
4297:Health
4050:Energy
4026:Reform
3937:Rocket
3922:Ground
3647:Cities
3533:Yellow
3505:Rivers
3495:Canals
3449:passes
3444:ranges
3228:Modern
2919:
2855:
2841:
2823:
2766:
2739:山东方言研究
2709:语言应用研究
2672:Caixin
2649:
2480:
2455:3166-2
2379:
2280:
2148:Forbes
1941:(辽宁大学)
1935:(东北大学)
1911:(吉林大学)
1840:stilts
1832:yangge
1733::
1731:pinyin
1725::
1717::
1661:Dalian
1592:, and
1586:barley
1570:millet
1534:Anshan
1530:Fushun
1522:Anshan
1514:Harbin
1510:Dalian
1437:Taoism
1418:where
1412:Kyrgyz
1410:, and
1408:Evenks
1301::
1293::
1206:. The
1200:Harbin
1183:, and
1141:Balhae
1071:. The
1067:, and
1061:Sushen
1057:Hezhen
937:Fushun
912:Daqing
862:Anshan
810:Dalian
784:Harbin
688:84.38
681:Harbin
464::
462:pinyin
456::
448::
436:. The
434:Nurgan
404:Manshū
399:calque
386:Manchu
381:exonym
379:is an
288:Ussuri
286:, and
259:, and
245:region
237::
235:pinyin
229::
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
4859:Index
4800:Islam
4723:Women
4524:Sport
4509:Names
4504:Music
4472:Dance
4258:Crime
4139:Trade
4107:Steel
3613:Flora
3608:Fauna
3528:Bohai
3524:Seas
3500:Lakes
3488:Water
3465:North
3429:Hills
3414:Caves
3369:South
3354:North
3067:Shang
2917:China
2711:(10).
2035:Notes
1895:film
1613:steel
1590:sheep
1582:wheat
1566:maize
1526:steel
1478:共和国长子
1396:Sibos
1392:Daurs
1351:开发北大荒
1089:Buyeo
1053:Ulchs
987:Benxi
887:Jilin
744:Prov.
608:Jilin
546:Liáo
540:Abbr.
494:Jilin
395:Dutch
363:Names
284:Argun
272:plain
257:Jilin
158:China
101:JSTOR
87:books
4833:Flag
4414:Time
4207:Rail
4055:Coal
3927:Navy
3697:LGBT
3404:Bays
3344:East
3201:Qing
3196:Ming
3191:Yuan
3181:Song
3176:Liao
3166:Tang
3079:Zhou
3072:Late
3042:Liao
2853:ISBN
2839:ISBN
2821:ISBN
2764:ISBN
2679:2015
2647:ISBN
2478:ISBN
2424:help
2377:ISBN
2278:ISBN
2249:help
2227:2010
1861:and
1838:and
1742:lit.
1703:lect
1670:and
1594:pigs
1584:and
1578:flax
1576:and
1568:and
1544:and
1532:and
1520:and
1502:coal
1439:and
1384:Huis
1319:and
1308:lit.
1232:Puyi
1069:Mohe
1047:(or
732:City
720:bold
670:黑龙江省
656:Hēi
472:Pass
353:and
321:and
298:and
296:Yalu
280:Amur
196:2022
164:Area
73:news
4452:Art
3932:Air
3679:Law
3161:Sui
3134:Han
3129:Wei
3119:Han
3114:Qin
3062:Xia
2452:ISO
2289:" .
1772:in
1727:東北話
1719:东北话
1705:is
1659:in
1364:东北人
1303:闖關東
1295:闯关东
1289:" (
1238:of
1202:to
1077:Yan
1051:),
694:HL
659:23
639:JL
615:吉林省
604:22
601:Jí
584:LN
560:辽宁省
549:21
484:东三省
480:東三省
193:GDP
56:by
4892::
3139:Wu
2833::
2787:.
2758:.
2670:.
2645:.
2637:.
2611:.
2592:.
2588:.
2462:^
2343:.
2218:.
2200:.
2182:.
2164:.
2146:.
2117:.
2080:.
1899:.
1857:.
1834:,
1830:,
1739:;
1729:;
1721:;
1686:.
1623:,
1619:,
1615:,
1516:,
1512:,
1508:,
1455:.
1406:,
1402:,
1398:,
1394:,
1378:,
1305:;
1297:;
1187:.
1179:,
1175:,
1171:,
1167:,
1163:,
1159:,
1155:,
1151:,
1147:,
1143:,
1139:,
1135:,
1131:,
1127:,
1123:,
1119:,
1115:,
1111:,
1107:,
1103:,
1099:,
1095:,
1091:,
1087:,
1083:,
1063:,
1055:,
1043:,
1000:LN
983:10
975:HL
950:LN
925:HL
900:JL
875:LN
850:JL
823:LN
798:HL
771:LN
512:GB
496:,
486:;
482:;
460:;
458:關東
452:;
450:关东
425:.
412:満州
349:,
345:,
341:,
310:.
282:,
263:.
255:,
233:;
231:东北
4712:"
4708:"
4705:"
4701:"
2909:e
2902:t
2895:v
2859:.
2827:.
2797:.
2772:.
2696:.
2681:.
2655:.
2622:.
2486:.
2450:(
2426:)
2419:7
2385:.
2337:*
2253:.
2251:)
2244:8
2229:.
2168:.
2150:.
2132:.
2051:.
1848:"
1844:"
1713:(
958:9
933:8
908:7
883:6
858:5
831:4
806:3
779:2
752:1
729:#
722:.
700:黑
645:吉
590:辽
478:(
444:(
408:(
225:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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