251:
30:
78:
925:
head. The color of the turban varied with each Mongol banner clan having a distinctive one. In addition they wore a leather bandolier for cartridges which was slung over the left shoulder. Some soldiers were dressed in loose fitting cotton jacket and trousers along with a peak cap. In 1936 a new uniform was in use, modeled on the
Nationalist Chinese uniform. It included a loose-fitting grey jacket and grey cotton trousers. A peaked grey cotton peaked cap was worn along with it (similar in appearance to those worn by the
355:, they tried to invade again. In August 1937 six or seven divisions (some sources say nine) repulsed an assault by three Chinese divisions in heavy fighting. They were assisted by Japanese aircraft and gave the Nationalists some 2,000 casualties. An attack on Bailingmiao resulted in its recapture, led by cadets from the Military Training School that had been established in 1936. Over 20,000 Mongols advanced into the remaining provinces with Japanese support, later being involved in the
414:. The few Inner Mongolian cavalry units that engaged the Soviets proved to be no match for the battle-hardened Red Army and were swept aside, with the Mongolian regime falling shortly after Japan surrendered. Prince De Wang led the army (which consisted of six divisions at the time, two cavalry and four infantry, and some independent brigades) in battle personally. Three divisions were destroyed by the Red Army, the rest reportedly joined the Chinese Communists.
60:
753:
724:
704:
891:
871:
851:
822:
802:
782:
684:
655:
635:
615:
586:
566:
546:
920:
light machine gun. Those also came from Zhang
Xueliang's former army after it was defeated by the Japanese. The Inner Mongolians had about 70 artillery pieces, mostly mortars, but also a few field and mountain guns, from former Nationalist stores. Reportedly they did use a few armored cars and tanks,
343:
then led an assault on the city, using three trucks to break through the city gates. The defending force reportedly consisted of the 7th
Division of the Inner Mongolian Army and lost 300 killed, 600 wounded, and 300 captured. They also left behind a significant amount of equipment which was taken by
430:
The army was divided into divisions of about 1,500, with one division being composed of three regiments of 500 men each. One regiment included four cavalry squadrons and one machine gun company, the latter having a strength of 120 men. However, the standard structure mostly existed on paper and it
391:
Japanese troops attacking civilians living in the areas where the insurgents were known to be hiding. By that time, Japanese officers had total control over both the
Mengjiang government and army. They forced the Prince to sign a decree stating that the Mongolian government had declared war on the
924:
The early uniforms worn by
Mongolian troops were their civilian clothing. Typical it consisted of a long blue padded cotton tunic that was worn which reached down to the ankles along with an orange sash around the waist. Headgear was either a lambs' wool hat or a colored turban wrapped around the
310:
was a purely
Japanese one. It consisted of Japanese aircraft flown by Japanese pilots, who did not even bother applying any Mongol insignia to their aircraft and just flew with the original Japanese ones. In total it had 28 planes and were based at a town about 65 kilometres (40 miles) north of
334:
troops occurred on 14 November in the town of Hongor. They launched several attacks against the
Nationalist defenders over the course of the next couple of days but were repulsed each time with considerable casualties. The Mongols were not lacking in courage but were untrained for this sort of
390:
at the time). He committed
Mongolian Army and police units to assisting Japanese operations throughout northern China against guerrillas and bandits during the period from 1938 until the defeat of Japan in 1945. These operations often resulted in high civilian casualties due to the Mongol and
335:
fighting. A final assault launched during a snowstorm on 16 November was likewise beaten back by
Chinese machine guns. A surprise counterattack by the Nationalists on 17 November resulted in the Inner Mongolian Army and its allies being forced to retreat and regroup at their headquarters in
274:, who had given them to the Prince in an attempt to win his favor. It was not the largest Mongolian army but was the most efficient, being aided by Japanese advisers. Another source of recruits were the bandit gangs that were based in the region. Thus the original force came to include
423:
270:(De Wang), the Inner Mongolian Army was initially formed from the personal units of various Mongol banner chiefs. Among those was Prince De Wang's personal bodyguard force of about 900 men, armed with weapons from the armories of the "Young Marshal"
301:
in 1936. The majority of them were also poorly armed, with only about half of them having rifles. They were primarily armed by weapons from the stocks of the defeated Young
Marshal, which fell into the hands of the nearby Japanese puppet state of
3525:
4399:
2276:
4394:
3666:
431:
was unlikely that it was used in reality. A military training school was also established in 1936 with an intake of 500 cadets. However, the cadets became disillusioned and about 200 of them deserted.
4328:
4753:
4717:
4323:
4272:
3515:
4267:
4216:
4160:
504:
ranks). Instead of maroon bands on the shoulder insignia the Mongols used blue. The rank of general was held by Prince De Wang as commander-in-chief and Li Shouxin as the commander of the army.
4384:
4211:
4155:
4748:
4591:
4463:
4379:
4586:
4458:
4313:
4298:
2600:
904:
A wide variety of rifles found their way into the Inner Mongolian Army arsenal, mostly bought by Prince De Wang or given by the Japanese. The first weapons that they received were 10,000
347:
Although the operation was a failure, skirmishes continued over the next eight months between Japanese and Inner Mongolian troops on one side and the Nationalists on the other. When the
4527:
4308:
4293:
4257:
4242:
2595:
1185:
3056:
4522:
4252:
4237:
4201:
4186:
4145:
4130:
3840:
3435:
3080:
4369:
4354:
4196:
4181:
4140:
4125:
1909:
3728:
2104:
4576:
4561:
4448:
4433:
4364:
4349:
3275:
2715:
4571:
4556:
4443:
4428:
3135:
2656:
1284:
3738:
4512:
4497:
3833:
2792:
2651:
1813:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
4507:
4492:
3703:
3510:
2834:
2725:
2707:
3815:
3505:
2019:
1734:
1194:
2480:
1657:
1572:
1555:
3696:
2049:
1543:
4093:
2702:
2641:
2626:
2453:
1560:
4655:
4650:
4635:
4088:
3988:
3475:
2636:
2621:
2475:
2269:
1322:
330:, and a number of Japanese "advisers" embedded among them. The whole operation was overseen by Japanese staff officers. First contact between Inner Mongolian and
4019:
3983:
3803:
3520:
2448:
2350:
2264:
1689:
4695:
2720:
3313:
3219:
3148:
3120:
3029:
2542:
2345:
1739:
1669:
1178:
3922:
3214:
1949:
1382:
1377:
3852:
4640:
4625:
4620:
4078:
4063:
3676:
3557:
3318:
1894:
1565:
1550:
315:, the Inner Mongolian capital. They flew several bombing missions against Nationalist targets in an attempt to soften them up for the coming operation.
4690:
4073:
4058:
3973:
3958:
3733:
3691:
2537:
2470:
2465:
2254:
2239:
1756:
1247:
4685:
3968:
3953:
3845:
3828:
3783:
3495:
3019:
2492:
2443:
2438:
2355:
2335:
2249:
2234:
411:
259:
3932:
3622:
3428:
3353:
3308:
3303:
3204:
3189:
2999:
2964:
2497:
2415:
2124:
1914:
1806:
1714:
1171:
3788:
3927:
3798:
3708:
3661:
3585:
3440:
3365:
3199:
3184:
2984:
2974:
2942:
2567:
2175:
3718:
3480:
2887:
2425:
2300:
1121:
2134:
1751:
4029:
3810:
3460:
2516:
2340:
3165:
250:
4758:
4702:
3713:
3108:
3098:
3093:
2807:
2745:
2200:
1929:
1500:
4707:
3857:
3820:
3681:
3580:
3400:
3063:
1834:
1799:
1142:
4763:
3773:
3758:
3723:
3500:
3485:
3450:
2937:
2932:
2909:
2902:
1254:
1198:
916:
sub-machine gun, utilized by bodyguards in small numbers. Machine guns in use numbered about 200 with some of them being the Czech
3590:
3423:
3358:
3051:
2882:
2877:
1724:
1647:
1729:
464:
By 1937 their forces were organized in six or nine divisions. In later years the Inner Mongolian Army was organized as follows:
4768:
3085:
2502:
1969:
1362:
1632:
4014:
3763:
3745:
3595:
2969:
2919:
2750:
2740:
2064:
1939:
1874:
3143:
2180:
387:
3562:
3155:
2817:
2812:
2682:
2580:
2365:
2079:
1974:
1694:
1423:
500:
The rank system of the Inner Mongolian Army was modeled on that of the Manchukuo Imperial Army (which itself was based on
372:
3912:
3905:
3753:
3532:
3470:
3445:
3388:
3260:
2979:
2959:
2924:
2829:
2802:
2765:
2732:
2692:
2190:
2165:
2139:
2074:
2059:
2024:
2014:
1999:
1954:
1889:
1609:
1577:
1538:
144:
1674:
29:
3125:
3068:
2787:
2370:
2305:
1699:
1652:
1264:
331:
3024:
1158:
182:
3642:
1163:
4024:
3542:
3490:
3280:
2849:
2550:
2405:
2385:
2315:
2195:
2114:
2089:
1944:
1919:
1884:
1869:
1776:
1744:
1709:
1453:
407:
352:
263:
2562:
4738:
4039:
3572:
3380:
3325:
3265:
3255:
3250:
3245:
2859:
2839:
2772:
2760:
2687:
2521:
2390:
2360:
2325:
2310:
2099:
2069:
2054:
2039:
2029:
1989:
1984:
1934:
1904:
1879:
1854:
1763:
1684:
1485:
1475:
3009:
322:
of Suiyuan finally began in October 1936 with Inner Mongolian units, a group of Han Chinese collaborators under
3632:
3567:
3547:
3537:
3343:
3338:
3014:
2854:
2844:
2824:
2797:
2697:
2572:
2400:
2395:
2375:
2330:
2320:
2185:
2160:
2155:
2109:
2044:
2004:
1964:
1859:
1771:
1510:
1372:
1317:
1312:
1237:
348:
327:
222:
114:
3160:
375:, including the Inner Mongolian Army, to fight its war. They played on Prince De Wang's desire to become the
4034:
3900:
3895:
3637:
3552:
3455:
3418:
3370:
3285:
2989:
2954:
2914:
2864:
2380:
2215:
2084:
2034:
1994:
1979:
1959:
1924:
1864:
1719:
1679:
1637:
1619:
1614:
1533:
1490:
1480:
1465:
1413:
1345:
1307:
1269:
1065:
283:
4675:
3612:
3330:
3270:
3113:
2869:
2782:
2777:
2420:
2410:
2205:
2094:
2009:
1899:
1289:
933:). Other uniforms they used included the regular Japanese Army uniform but with Inner Mongolian insignia.
671:
501:
4680:
3393:
3290:
2947:
1495:
926:
4712:
3375:
3348:
3295:
2170:
1587:
1448:
1438:
1332:
1327:
1297:
909:
2210:
1592:
1505:
1433:
1357:
858:
293:
This exotic force suffered from disunity and poor discipline during the preparations to invade the
4743:
3465:
3413:
3408:
2897:
2755:
1367:
622:
553:
306:. Among the preparations was the setting up of an air arm for the Inner Mongolian Army, but this
422:
3600:
3073:
1662:
1242:
1138:
1132:
1117:
711:
356:
130:
34:
2892:
1350:
1337:
1302:
1159:
The Army that Never Was: The Unrealistic 1936 Kwantung Army Plan for an Inner Mongolian Army
942:
319:
125:
120:
3605:
1704:
1404:
809:
740:
383:
323:
186:
83:
1791:
379:
of all of Mongolia by promising to eventually give him Outer Mongolia (controlled by the
2507:
1582:
1525:
1259:
878:
838:
769:
392:
271:
267:
226:
210:
206:
162:
4732:
1822:
1274:
1225:
912:, given as a gift by the Young Marshal Zhang Xueliang. Other small arms included the
573:
396:
752:
723:
703:
1627:
1387:
1220:
1114:
Rays of the Rising Sun, Volume 1: Japan's Asian Allies 1931–45, China and Manchukuo
905:
890:
870:
850:
821:
801:
781:
683:
654:
642:
634:
614:
585:
565:
545:
380:
214:
137:
1392:
1211:
930:
368:
336:
279:
234:
339:, where they received some training from the Japanese. The Nationalist General
2585:
2555:
691:
294:
287:
229:. It was primarily a force of cavalry units, which mostly consisted of ethnic
174:
1642:
1602:
1597:
1428:
488:
Mongolian Self Government Army of Pin Banner 'Binguangfu' (3,000) – Bao Shan
307:
303:
218:
65:
491:
Mongolian Self Government Army of Po Banner 'Bowangfu' (3,000) – Han Sewang
1470:
1418:
1279:
913:
789:
403:
340:
178:
602:
533:
376:
298:
1066:Потомок Чингисхана против Мао | Descendant of Genghis Khan against Mao
312:
275:
230:
1443:
917:
249:
93:
1795:
1167:
434:
Their order of battle for the Suiyuan Campaign was as follows:
402:
In August 1945, after the Soviets declared war on Japan, the
290:. He would later be appointed the commander of the army.
4754:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945
426:
An Inner Mongolian infantryman in full uniform, 1937
4606:
4542:
4478:
4414:
4339:
4283:
4227:
4171:
4115:
4108:
4048:
4003:
3943:
3651:
3621:
3234:
3174:
3041:
2998:
2671:
2611:
2530:
2289:
2224:
2148:
2123:
1843:
1523:
1403:
1219:
1209:
371:began in 1941, Japan worked to mobilize all of its
168:
157:
152:
109:
99:
89:
71:
53:
45:
20:
4749:Military units and formations established in 1936
254:A unit of Prince De Wang's personal cavalry, 1935
921:but they were most likely operated by Japanese.
410:invaded both Manchukuo and Mengjiang during the
1323:National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands
1195:Collaboration with Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy
286:, the latter of which were led by the warlord
1807:
1179:
882:
862:
842:
831:
813:
793:
773:
762:
744:
733:
715:
695:
675:
664:
646:
626:
606:
595:
577:
557:
537:
526:
8:
1091:
1089:
4610:
4546:
4482:
4418:
4112:
4007:
3238:
2675:
2293:
1847:
1814:
1800:
1792:
1216:
1206:
1186:
1172:
1164:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
979:
977:
975:
468:Inner Mongolian Army (4,400) – Li Shouxin
1131:MacKinnon, Stephen; Lary, Diana (2007).
506:
421:
412:Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation
297:-controlled Inner Mongolian province of
1134:China at War: Regions of China, 1937–45
959:
35:Flag of the Mongol Military Government
17:
455:Mongol irregulars and bandits (3,000)
7:
2277:Apartheid States in Southern Africa
1501:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman
225:, particularly those led by Prince
1835:List of comparative military ranks
1040:
1028:
995:
14:
1255:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
4696:Women's Services in World War II
2135:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1351:Russian Liberation People's Army
889:
869:
849:
820:
800:
780:
751:
722:
702:
682:
653:
633:
613:
584:
564:
544:
282:bandits and irregulars from the
76:
58:
28:
2191:People's Republic of Mozambique
1363:Slovak Expeditionary Army Group
1095:
1080:
1052:
1016:
983:
966:
460:Prince De Wang's troops (1,000)
3081:People's Republic of Kampuchea
1:
2543:Confederate States of America
1424:Collaborationist Chinese Army
1137:. Stanford University Press.
209:military units in service of
3704:Independent State of Croatia
2592:United States Army enlisted
1071:. Published 5 February 2012.
516:
511:
509:
483:8th Cavalry Division (1,000)
262:led to the formation of the
201:, also sometimes called the
145:Soviet invasion of Manchuria
3667:People's Socialist Republic
3136:Mongolian People's Republic
2156:People's Republic of Angola
1265:Battaglione Azad Hindoustan
388:Mongolian People's Republic
332:National Revolutionary Army
4787:
4759:National liberation armies
3928:Socialist Federal Republic
3130:
1454:First Indian National Army
1116:. Helion and Company Ltd.
480:7th Cavalry Division (800)
477:6th Cavalry Division (800)
474:5th Cavalry Division (900)
471:4th Cavalry Division (900)
353:Marco Polo Bridge Incident
264:Mongol Military Government
4670:
4613:
4549:
4485:
4421:
4010:
3853:Slovakia (First Republic)
3241:
2761:Border Roads Organisation
2678:
2296:
1850:
1830:
1205:
883:
863:
843:
832:
828:
814:
794:
774:
763:
759:
745:
734:
730:
716:
696:
676:
665:
661:
647:
627:
607:
596:
592:
578:
558:
538:
527:
523:
27:
4764:Second Sino-Japanese War
4691:Officers of World War II
3816:Polish People's Republic
2903:Maritime Security Agency
2538:Canada (pre-Unification)
1895:Central African Republic
1373:Ukrainian Insurgent Army
1318:National Republican Army
1313:Latvian Auxiliary Police
1238:Albanian Fascist Militia
351:began in 1937 after the
349:Second Sino-Japanese War
328:Grand Han Righteous Army
223:Second Sino-Japanese War
115:Second Sino-Japanese War
4686:Officers of World War I
4479:Commonwealth of Nations
1825:and insignia by country
1491:Royal Thai Armed Forces
1481:Manchukuo Imperial Army
1466:Lanka Sama Samaja Party
1414:Burma Independence Army
1346:Russian Liberation Army
1308:Kalmykian Cavalry Corps
1270:Belarusian Home Defence
1234:Albanian collaborators
1112:Jowett, Philip (2004).
408:Mongolian People's Army
284:Manchukuo Imperial Army
203:Mengjiang National Army
4769:History of Zhangjiakou
3276:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1476:Malayan Volunteer Army
1342:Russian collaborators
1290:Finnish Defence Forces
502:Imperial Japanese Army
449:Bao Yuejing's Command
444:Chahar Mongols (1,000)
427:
255:
4672:Comparative ranks of
3774:Napoleonic Grand Army
3606:Air Force other ranks
3526:Between 1994 and 2010
2416:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2050:São Tomé and Príncipe
1915:Republic of the Congo
1496:Russian Fascist Party
1285:Croatian Armed Forces
927:Russian Imperial Army
914:Swiss Sig. Model 1930
900:Weapons and equipment
438:Li Shouxin's Command
425:
278:tribesmen along with
253:
237:infantry formations.
158:Ceremonial chief
3057:Republic (1912–1949)
2975:United Arab Emirates
1461:Inner Mongolian Army
1449:Indian National Army
1333:Royal Hungarian Army
1328:Romanian Land Forces
1064:Radnayev, Batozhab.
879:Private second class
452:8th Division (2,000)
441:Rehe Mongols (3,000)
199:Inner Mongolian Army
22:Inner Mongolian Army
3625:limited recognition
3354:Air and Space Force
3032:(Republic of China)
3002:limited recognition
2766:Paramilitary forces
2426:Trinidad and Tobago
2301:Antigua and Barbuda
2127:limited recognition
1506:Takasago Volunteers
1434:Gando Special Force
1358:Security Battalions
859:Private first class
4415:Post-Soviet states
3834:Socialist Republic
3750:Kingdom of Greece
3601:Air Force officers
2898:Civil Armed Forces
2577:Republic of Texas
2356:Dominican Republic
1368:Slovene Home Guard
623:Lieutenant-colonel
554:Lieutenant General
428:
344:the Nationalists.
256:
205:, referred to the
4726:
4725:
4666:
4665:
4602:
4601:
4538:
4537:
4474:
4473:
4410:
4409:
4104:
4103:
3999:
3998:
3789:People's Republic
3697:People's Republic
3230:
3229:
3077:
3064:Dutch East Indies
2667:
2666:
2285:
2284:
2201:South West Africa
1930:Equatorial Guinea
1789:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1768:
1624:
1519:
1518:
1407:collaborationists
1383:Wehrmacht foreign
1378:Waffen-SS foreign
1294:
1228:collaborationists
1123:978-1-874622-21-5
897:
896:
712:Junior Lieutenant
357:Battle of Taiyuan
192:
191:
131:Battle of Taiyuan
40:
4776:
4739:Disbanded armies
4611:
4547:
4483:
4419:
4391:Military police
4113:
4030:Papua New Guinea
4008:
3933:Federal Republic
3821:Republika Srpska
3673:Austria–Hungary
3586:Army other ranks
3239:
3071:
3033:
2676:
2568:Empire of Brazil
2294:
2181:Ethiopian Empire
2176:Kingdom of Egypt
1848:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1793:
1766:
1622:
1338:Royal Iraqi Army
1292:
1217:
1207:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1165:
1148:
1127:
1099:
1093:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1070:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1044:
1041:MacKinnon (2007)
1038:
1032:
1029:MacKinnon (2007)
1026:
1020:
1014:
999:
996:MacKinnon (2007)
993:
987:
981:
970:
964:
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121:Suiyuan Campaign
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3719:Weimar Republic
3647:
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3624:
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3577:United Kingdom
3451:North Macedonia
3226:
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3121:Kingdom of Laos
3114:Liberation Army
3090:Imperial Japan
3074:Second Republic
3037:
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1511:Vanguard Youth
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1260:Armistice Army
1257:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1243:Balli Kombëtar
1240:
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1214:
1203:
1202:
1199:Imperial Japan
1193:
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1190:
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1153:External links
1151:
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1144:978-0804755092
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393:United Kingdom
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272:Zhang Xueliang
268:Demchugdongrub
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211:Imperial Japan
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4676:Highest ranks
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3892:2nd Republic
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3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3714:German Empire
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3650:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3591:Navy officers
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3581:Army officers
3579:
3578:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3430:
3429:Finance Guard
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3086:Imperial Iran
3084:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3028:
3026:
3025:South Ossetia
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2997:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2670:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2610:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2288:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1970:Guinea-Bissau
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1829:
1824:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1551:Baltic states
1549:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1522:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1439:Golden Square
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1298:Golden Square
1296:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1275:Blue Division
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1248:Cham Albanian
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1177:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1097:
1096:Jowett (2004)
1092:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1081:Jowett (2004)
1077:
1074:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1054:
1053:Jowett (2004)
1049:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1034:
1031:, pp. 163–164
1030:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1017:Jowett (2004)
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1001:
998:, pp. 161–162
997:
992:
989:
985:
984:Jowett (2004)
980:
978:
976:
972:
968:
967:Jowett (2004)
963:
960:
953:
948:
944:
941:
940:
936:
934:
932:
928:
922:
919:
915:
911:
907:
899:
892:
888:
880:
877:
876:
872:
868:
860:
857:
856:
852:
848:
840:
837:
827:
823:
819:
811:
808:
807:
803:
799:
791:
788:
787:
783:
779:
771:
768:
758:
754:
750:
742:
739:
729:
725:
721:
713:
710:
709:
705:
701:
693:
690:
689:
685:
681:
673:
670:
660:
656:
652:
644:
641:
640:
636:
632:
624:
621:
620:
616:
612:
604:
601:
591:
587:
583:
575:
574:Major General
572:
571:
567:
563:
555:
552:
551:
547:
543:
535:
532:
522:
519:
514:
508:
505:
503:
495:
490:
487:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
469:
467:
466:
465:
459:
454:
451:
450:
448:
443:
440:
439:
437:
436:
435:
432:
424:
417:
415:
413:
409:
405:
400:
398:
397:United States
394:
389:
385:
382:
378:
374:
373:puppet troops
370:
362:
360:
358:
354:
350:
345:
342:
338:
333:
329:
325:
321:
316:
314:
309:
305:
300:
296:
291:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
266:under Prince
265:
261:
252:
246:Early actions
245:
240:
238:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
194:Military unit
188:
184:
180:
176:
173:
167:
164:
160:
156:
151:
146:
143:
142:
141:
140:
139:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
118:
117:
116:
112:
108:
105:20,000 (1937)
103:10,000 (1936)
102:
98:
95:
92:
88:
85:
74:
70:
67:
56:
52:
48:
44:
36:
31:
26:
19:
16:
4713:Gendarmeries
4708:Space forces
4681:Star ranking
4284:Hispanophone
3858:Soviet Union
3746:East Germany
3724:Nazi Germany
3643:Transnistria
3596:Navy ratings
2970:Turkmenistan
2920:Saudi Arabia
2712:PR of China
2601:World War II
2493:Marine Corps
2487:
2460:
2433:
2075:South Africa
2065:Sierra Leone
1875:Burkina Faso
1735:Soviet Union
1623:(until 1944)
1460:
1388:Afrika Korps
1293:(until 1944)
1133:
1113:
1076:
1069:(in Russian)
1060:
1048:
1036:
1024:
991:
962:
923:
906:Liao Type 13
903:
517:
512:
499:
463:
433:
429:
418:Organization
401:
366:
346:
317:
292:
257:
233:, with some
215:puppet state
202:
198:
196:
138:World War II
136:
135:
113:
15:
4228:Francophone
4049:Comparative
4025:New Zealand
3944:Comparative
3919:Yugoslavia
3623:States with
3563:Switzerland
3476:Netherlands
3424:Carabinieri
3394:Coast Guard
3389:Land Forces
3349:Gendarmerie
3175:Comparative
3156:South Yemen
3000:States with
2948:Coast Guard
2910:Philippines
2756:Coast Guard
2683:Afghanistan
2612:Comparative
2596:World War I
2498:Space Force
2481:Coast Guard
2454:Coast Guard
2366:El Salvador
2225:Comparative
2125:States with
2080:South Sudan
1975:Ivory Coast
1740:Byelorussia
1710:Philippines
1700:Netherlands
1393:Ostlegionen
1212:Axis forces
1055:, pp. 36–38
1019:, pp. 56–57
986:, pp. 53–55
969:, pp. 51–52
931:World War I
369:Pacific War
363:Final years
337:Bailingmiao
326:called the
295:Nationalist
280:Han Chinese
235:Han Chinese
221:during the
110:Engagements
39:(1936–1939)
4733:Categories
4647:Air Force
4583:Air force
4519:Air force
4455:Air force
4376:Air force
4320:Air force
4264:Air force
4208:Air force
4172:Arabophone
4152:Air force
4116:Anglophone
4085:Air force
3980:Air force
3533:San Marino
3471:Montenegro
3446:Luxembourg
3319:Home Guard
3261:Azerbaijan
3211:Air force
2980:Uzbekistan
2960:Tajikistan
2929:Sri Lanka
2830:Kyrgyzstan
2803:Kazakhstan
2733:East Timor
2693:Bangladesh
2648:Air force
2563:Costa Rica
2261:Air force
2140:Somaliland
2060:Seychelles
2025:Mozambique
2015:Mauritania
2000:Madagascar
1890:Cape Verde
1690:Luxembourg
1106:References
692:Lieutenant
288:Li Shouxin
183:Altanochir
175:Li Shouxin
171:commanders
153:Commanders
72:Allegiance
4744:Mengjiang
4718:UK and US
4340:Lusophone
4015:Australia
3906:Air Force
3764:Air Force
3739:Air Force
3688:Bulgaria
3516:Air Force
3441:Lithuania
3419:Air Force
3359:Foresters
3314:Air Force
3131:Mengjiang
3126:Manchukuo
3020:Palestine
2943:Air Force
2925:Singapore
2888:Air Force
2874:Pakistan
2773:Indonesia
2746:Air Force
2726:Air Force
2522:Venezuela
2476:Air Force
2461:Enlisted:
2449:Air Force
2434:Officers:
2401:Nicaragua
2371:Guatemala
2306:Argentina
1767:(limited)
1670:Indonesia
1648:Indochina
1598:Manchukuo
1566:Lithuania
1524:Lists by
1429:Gakutotai
1210:Lists by
954:Citations
760:Sergeants
518:Epaulette
399:in 1941.
324:Wang Ying
308:air force
304:Manchukuo
276:Mongolian
260:intrigues
219:Mengjiang
187:Wang Ying
66:Mengjiang
49:1936–1945
4656:Enlisted
4651:Officers
4641:Enlisted
4636:Officers
4626:Enlisted
4621:Officers
4592:Enlisted
4587:Officers
4577:Enlisted
4572:Officers
4562:Enlisted
4557:Officers
4528:Enlisted
4523:Officers
4513:Enlisted
4508:Officers
4498:Enlisted
4493:Officers
4464:Enlisted
4459:Officers
4449:Enlisted
4444:Officers
4434:Enlisted
4429:Officers
4400:Enlisted
4395:Officers
4385:Enlisted
4380:Officers
4370:Enlisted
4365:Officers
4355:Enlisted
4350:Officers
4329:Enlisted
4324:Officers
4314:Enlisted
4309:Officers
4299:Enlisted
4294:Officers
4273:Enlisted
4268:Officers
4258:Enlisted
4253:Officers
4243:Enlisted
4238:Officers
4217:Enlisted
4212:Officers
4202:Enlisted
4197:Officers
4187:Enlisted
4182:Officers
4161:Enlisted
4156:Officers
4146:Enlisted
4141:Officers
4131:Enlisted
4126:Officers
4109:Language
4094:Enlisted
4089:Officers
4079:Enlisted
4074:Officers
4064:Enlisted
4059:Officers
3989:Enlisted
3984:Officers
3974:Enlisted
3969:Officers
3959:Enlisted
3954:Officers
3825:Romania
3780:Hungary
3658:Albania
3548:Slovenia
3543:Slovakia
3521:Cossacks
3491:Portugal
3385:Iceland
3300:Denmark
3281:Bulgaria
3220:Enlisted
3215:Officers
3205:Enlisted
3200:Officers
3190:Enlisted
3185:Officers
3140:Vietnam
3010:Abkhazia
2965:Thailand
2855:Mongolia
2850:Maldives
2845:Malaysia
2708:Cambodia
2657:Enlisted
2652:Officers
2642:Enlisted
2637:Officers
2627:Enlisted
2622:Officers
2421:Suriname
2406:Paraguay
2386:Honduras
2346:Colombia
2316:Barbados
2290:Americas
2270:Enlisted
2265:Officers
2255:Enlisted
2250:Officers
2240:Enlisted
2235:Officers
2206:Transkei
2196:Rhodesia
2115:Zimbabwe
2090:Tanzania
1945:Ethiopia
1940:Eswatini
1920:Djibouti
1910:DR Congo
1885:Cameroon
1870:Botswana
1772:Thailand
1752:Chechnya
1730:Slovakia
1653:Cambodia
1603:Mongolia
1578:Bulgaria
1471:Makapili
1419:Chinilpa
1405:Japanese
1280:Chetniks
1098:, p. 126
1083:, p. 125
1043:, p. 167
937:See also
829:Soldiers
790:Sergeant
662:Officers
404:Red Army
395:and the
341:Fu Zuoyi
320:invasion
213:and its
179:Jodbajab
4040:Vanuatu
4004:Oceania
3923:Kingdom
3883:1955–91
3878:1943–55
3873:1940–43
3868:1935–40
3863:1918–35
3829:Kingdom
3799:Kingdom
3784:Kingdom
3770:France
3692:Kingdom
3662:Kingdom
3613:Vatican
3573:Ukraine
3496:Romania
3461:Moldova
3401:Ireland
3381:Hungary
3371:Georgia
3366:Germany
3335:France
3331:Finland
3326:Estonia
3286:Croatia
3271:Belgium
3266:Belarus
3256:Austria
3251:Armenia
3246:Albania
3030:Taiwan
3015:Artsakh
2985:Vietnam
2893:Marines
2860:Myanmar
2840:Lebanon
2688:Bahrain
2517:Uruguay
2391:Jamaica
2361:Ecuador
2326:Bolivia
2311:Bahamas
2186:Katanga
2100:Tunisia
2070:Somalia
2055:Senegal
2040:Nigeria
2030:Namibia
2020:Morocco
1990:Liberia
1985:Lesotho
1935:Eritrea
1905:Comoros
1880:Burundi
1855:Algeria
1757:Ukraine
1745:Belarus
1720:Romania
1663:Vietnam
1638:Hungary
1620:Finland
1615:Denmark
1610:Croatia
1573:Belgium
1556:Estonia
1534:Albania
1226:Italian
949:Sources
929:during
672:Captain
603:Colonel
534:General
524:General
377:emperor
367:As the
299:Suiyuan
241:History
231:Mongols
169:Notable
161:Prince
54:Country
3889:Spain
3795:Italy
3652:Former
3633:Kosovo
3568:Turkey
3558:Sweden
3538:Serbia
3501:Russia
3486:Poland
3481:Norway
3466:Monaco
3436:Latvia
3405:Italy
3376:Greece
3291:Cyprus
3235:Europe
3109:Empire
3105:Korea
3052:Empire
3048:China
3042:Former
2825:Kuwait
2798:Jordan
2788:Israel
2737:India
2703:Brunei
2698:Bhutan
2573:Panama
2547:Union
2531:Former
2488:Other:
2396:Mexico
2376:Guyana
2336:Canada
2331:Brazil
2321:Belize
2171:Ciskei
2161:Biafra
2149:Former
2110:Zambia
2105:Uganda
2045:Rwanda
2005:Malawi
1965:Guinea
1955:Gambia
1860:Angola
1844:Africa
1777:Taiwan
1725:Serbia
1715:Poland
1705:Norway
1695:Malaya
1633:Greece
1628:France
1588:Ceylon
1561:Latvia
1221:German
1141:
1120:
381:Soviet
313:Kalgan
81:
63:
46:Active
4632:Navy
4617:Army
4568:Navy
4553:Army
4504:Navy
4489:Army
4440:Navy
4425:Army
4361:Navy
4346:Army
4305:Navy
4290:Army
4249:Navy
4234:Army
4193:Navy
4178:Army
4137:Navy
4122:Army
4070:Navy
4055:Army
4035:Tonga
3965:Navy
3950:Army
3913:State
3553:Spain
3456:Malta
3196:Navy
3181:Army
3161:Tibet
3149:South
3144:State
2990:Yemen
2955:Syria
2915:Qatar
2865:Nepal
2818:South
2813:North
2808:Korea
2793:Japan
2633:Navy
2618:Army
2381:Haiti
2341:Chile
2246:Navy
2231:Army
2216:Zaire
2211:Venda
2085:Sudan
2035:Niger
1995:Libya
1980:Kenya
1960:Ghana
1950:Gabon
1925:Egypt
1865:Benin
1764:Spain
1685:Korea
1680:Italy
1643:India
1593:China
1583:Burma
1444:Heiho
918:ZB-26
643:Major
496:Ranks
4607:NATO
4020:Fiji
3901:Navy
3896:Army
3759:Navy
3754:Army
3734:Navy
3729:Army
3682:Navy
3677:Army
3511:Navy
3506:Army
3414:Navy
3409:Army
3344:Navy
3339:Army
3309:Navy
3304:Army
3166:Tuva
3099:Navy
3094:Army
2938:Navy
2933:Army
2883:Navy
2878:Army
2870:Oman
2835:Laos
2783:Iraq
2778:Iran
2751:Navy
2741:Army
2721:Navy
2716:Army
2672:Asia
2586:Navy
2581:Army
2556:Navy
2551:Army
2471:Navy
2466:Army
2444:Navy
2439:Army
2411:Peru
2351:Cuba
2095:Togo
2010:Mali
1900:Chad
1675:Iraq
1658:Laos
1486:PETA
1303:Hiwi
1197:and
1139:ISBN
1118:ISBN
513:Rank
386:the
318:The
197:The
100:Size
94:Army
90:Type
1223:and
884:二等兵
864:一等兵
844:上等兵
764:副士官
735:准士官
217:of
4735::
1088:^
1003:^
974:^
815:下士
795:中士
775:上士
746:准尉
717:少尉
697:中尉
677:上尉
666:尉官
648:少校
628:中校
608:上校
597:校官
579:少将
559:中将
539:上将
528:将官
359:.
3076:)
3072:(
1815:e
1808:t
1801:v
1187:e
1180:t
1173:v
1147:.
1126:.
833:兵
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