Human interactions with insects

1328: 1629: 596: 1858: 1779: 2358:. The stucco figure at the temples of Tulum known as "Ah Mucen Kab" – the Diving Bee God – bears resemblance to the insect in the Codex Tro-Cortesianus identified as a bee. Such reliefs might have indicated towns and villages that produce honey. Modern Mayan authorities say the figure also have a connection to modern cosmology. Mayan mythology expert Migel Angel Vergara relates that the Mayans held a belief that bees came from Venus, the "Second Sun." The relief might be indicative of another "insect deity", that of Xux Ex, the Mayan "wasp star." The Mayan embodied Venus in the form of the god Kukulkán (also known as or related to 718:(1951) drew attention to the scope and potential of entomophagy, but the practice is uncommon and even taboo in other societies. Sometimes insects are considered suitable only for the poor in the third world, but in 1975 Victor Meyer-Rochow suggested that insects could help ease global future food shortages and advocated a change in western attitudes towards cultures in which insects were appreciated as a food item. P. J. Gullan and P. S. Cranston felt that the remedy for this may be marketing of insect dishes as suitably exotic and costly to make them acceptable. They also note that some societies in 494: 1728: 1060: 1457: 1955:"visible darkness" and "souls of stone" have much in common. They bring together the two terms of a conceptual contradiction, thereby facilitating the mixing of what should be discrete and mutually exclusive categories ... In positing such questions, butterfly science, an inexhaustible, complex, and finely nuanced field, becomes not unlike the human imagination, or the field of literature itself. In the natural history of the animal, we begin to sense its literary and artistic possibilities. 2155: 773: 471:

anthropology is usually restricted to the study of "advanced", industrialised, and literate societies, whereas ethnoentomology studies "the entomological concerns of 'primitive' or 'noncivilized' societies". Posey states at once that the division is artificial, complete with an unjustified us/them bias. Brian Morris similarly criticises the way that anthropologists treat non-Western attitudes to nature as monadic and spiritualist, and contrast this "in

1159: 2332: 331: 2405:. The show looks at the world of insects and its biodiversity where they go about their daily lives until a mysterious egg appears in their midst, as the insects become awestruck about this iconic object that represents the enigma and cycles of their lives. The costuming was a fusion of arthropod body types blended with superhero armour. Liz Vandal, the lead costume designer, has a special affinity for the world of the insect: 1658: 7039: 1252: 30: 2380: 6692: 689: 7063: 1989: 7051: 400: 2296: 1980:, "Stirring the Swarm". Reviews of the exhibit offered a compelling narrative for cultural entomology: "the unexpected use of materials, dark overtones, and the straightforward impact of thousands of tiny multiples within the space. The exhibition was at once both exquisitely beautiful and deeply repulsive, and this strange duality was fascinating." 463:) in literature, language, music, the arts, interpretive history, religion, and recreation has only become recognized as a distinct field" through Schimitschek's work. Hogue set out the boundaries of the field by saying: "The narrative history of the science of entomology is not part of cultural entomology, while the influence of insects on general 1708:) has the most poisonous bite in the spider world, but that the fangs are too small to penetrate human skin. This is untrue on several counts. None of the known species of harvestmen have venom glands; their chelicerae are not hollowed fangs but grasping claws that are typically very small and definitely not strong enough to break human skin. 446:

served as a forum on the field. Hogue argued that "Humans spend their intellectual energies in three basic areas of activity: surviving, using practical learning (the application of technology); seeking pure knowledge through inductive mental processes (science); and pursuing enlightenment to taste a

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means "feathered serpent". The cult was the first Mesoamerican religion to transcend the old Classic Period linguistic and ethnic divisions. This cult facilitated communication and peaceful trade among peoples of many different social and ethnic backgrounds. Although the cult was originally centered

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the animal is at once awkward, flimsy, strange, bouncy in flight, yet beautiful and immensely sympathetic; it is painfully transient, albeit capable of extreme migrations and transformations. Images and phrases such as "kaleidoscopic instabilities," "oxymoron of similarities," "rebellious rainbows,"

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inject multiple bioactive compounds into their prey. These insects have long been used by practitioners of Eastern Medicine to prevent blood clot formation or thrombosis, suggesting possible applications in scientific medicine. Over 1280 protein families have been associated with the saliva of blood

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across Asia, Europe, Africa, Australia, and the Americas, despite the fact that the honey bee was not introduced to the Americas until the colonization by Spain and Portugal. They are by far the most common medical insect product both historically and currently, and the most frequently referenced of

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to beef, while Chakravorty et al. (2011) point out that food insects (highly appreciated in North-East India) are more expensive than meat. The economics, i.e., the costs involved collecting food insects and the money earned through the sale of such insects, have been studied in a Laotian setting by

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framed the relationship with insects in an urban context: "We humans like to think that we run the world. But even in the heart of our great cities, a rival superpower thrives ... These tiny creatures live all around us in vast numbers, though we hardly even notice them. But in many ways, it is

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Both the symbolic form and the actual body of insects have been used to adorn humans in ancient and modern times. A recurrent theme for ancient cultures in Europe and the Near East regarded the sacred image of a bee or human with insect features. Often referred to as the bee "goddess", these images

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as pets. These living jewels were worn on festive occasions, probably with a small chain attached to one leg anchored to the clothing to prevent escape. Afterwards, the insects were bathed, fed, and housed in decorative cages. Living jewelled beetles have also been worn and kept as pets in Mexico.

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When I was just a kid I put rocks down around the yard near the fruit trees and I lifted them regularly to watch the insects who had taken up residence underneath them. I petted caterpillars and let butterflies into the house. So when I learned that OVO was inspired by insects, I immediately knew

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has been widely used by natives of Southern California and Northern Mexico for hundreds of years in ceremonies conducted to help tribe members acquire spirit helpers through hallucination. During the ritual, young men are sent away from the tribe and consume large quantities of live, unmasticated

634:, and less than 10,000 (about 1%) are even occasional pests. Yet not one species of insect has been permanently eradicated through the use of pesticides. Instead, at least 1,000 species have developed field resistance to pesticides, and extensive harm has been done to beneficial insects including 1383:. In the traditional process, the gum is removed by soaking in hot water, and the silk is then unwound from the cocoon and reeled. Filaments are spun together to make silk thread. Commerce in silk between China and countries to its west began in ancient times, with silk known from an Egyptian 470:

Darrell Addison Posey, noting that the boundary between cultural entomology and ethnoentomology is difficult to draw, cites Hogue as limiting cultural entomology to the influence of insects on "the essence of humanity as expressed in the arts and humanities". Posey notes further that cultural

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leaf miner's larvae are used boiled to induce lactation, reduce fever, and soothe the gastrointestinal tract. In contrast, the traditional insect medicine of Africa is local and unformalised. The indigenous peoples of Central America used a wide variety of insects medicinally. Mayans used

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are manufactured and sold each year for use in American homes and gardens. Annual revenues from insecticide sales to homeowners exceeded $ 450 million in 2004. Out of the roughly a million species of insects described so far, not more than 1,000 can be regarded as serious

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as benefits people obtain from ecosystems, and distinguishes four categories, namely provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural. A fundamental tenet is that a few species of arthropod are well understood for their influence on humans (such as honeybees,

2027:, a maiden associated with the moon, watched constantly by the eyes of the herdsman Argus, associated with all the stars: "Io: Ah! Hah! Again the prick, the stab of gadfly-sting! O earth, earth, hide, the hollow shape—Argus—that evil thing—the hundred-eyed." 1214:, a brush-on colourant and wood finish. Additional uses of this traditional product include the waxing of citrus fruits to extend their shelf-life, and the coating of pills to moisture-proof them, provide slow-release or mask the taste of bitter ingredients. 1850:. Beetlewing pieces are used as an adornment to paintings, textiles and jewelry. Different species of metallic wood-boring beetle wings were used depending on the region, but traditionally the most valued were those from beetles belonging to the genus 2422:

envisioned into the paper and paste costumes which directly contribute to the series' unique visual style. The film series was driven by the creation of costumes to translate scientific research into "something visual and how to make it comical."

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include both a wide variety of uses, whether practical such as for food, textiles, and dyestuffs, or symbolic, as in art, music, and literature, and negative interactions including damage to crops and extensive efforts to control insect pests.

1854:. The practice comes from across Asia and Southeast Asia, especially Thailand, Myanmar, Japan, India and China. In Thailand beetlewings were preferred to decorate clothing (shawls and Sabai cloth) and jewellery in former court circles. 2350:

constellation. It is perfectly bipolar, and until recently, the central star was unobservable, clouded by gas, but estimated to be one of the hottest in the galaxy – 200,000 degrees Fahrenheit, perhaps 35 times hotter than the Sun.

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fashion" with a simplistic treatment of Western, often 17th-century, mechanistic attitude. Morris considers this "quite unhelpful, if not misleading", and offers instead his own research into the multiple ways that the people of

1654:, when temperature shifts and monsoon rains bring insects out of hibernation. Most "awakening" customs are related to eating snacks like pancakes, parched beans, pears, and fried corn, symbolizing harmful insects in the field. 888:. It can be applied to skin to treat excessive scar tissue, rashes, and burns, and as an eye poultice to treat infection. Honey is taken for digestive problems and as a general health restorative. It is taken hot to treat 1770:

ants under the supervision of an elderly member of the tribe. Ingestion of ants should lead to a prolonged state of unconsciousness, where dream helpers appear and serve as allies to the dreamer for the rest of his life.

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observed: "If all mankind were to disappear, the world would regenerate back to the rich state of equilibrium that existed ten thousand years ago. If insects were to vanish, the environment would collapse into chaos." A

1552:. Zeus granted her request, but, because Eos forgot to ask him to also make Tithonus ageless, Tithonus never died, but he did grow old. Eventually, he became so tiny and shriveled that he turned into the first cicada. 3035:

Chakravorty, J., Ghosh, S., and V. B. Meyer-Rochow. (2011). Practices of entomophagy and entomotherapy by members of the Nyishi and Galo tribes, two ethnic groups of the state of Arunachal Pradesh (North-East India).

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More generally, people make a wide range of uses of insects, both practical and symbolic. On the other hand, attitudes to insects are often negative, and extensive efforts are made to kill them. The widespread use of

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that I was in a perfect position to pay tribute to this majestic world with my costumes. All insects are beautiful and perfect; it is what they evoke for each of us that changes our perception of them."

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Yang, X., Hu, K., Yan, G., et al., 2000. Fibrinogenolytic components in Tabanid, an ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine and their properties. J. Southwest Agric. Univ. 22, 173e176 (Chinese).

1679:(commonly known as the isabella tiger moth), with their 13 distinct segments of black and reddish brown, have the reputation in common folklore of being able to forecast the coming winter weather. 3052:

Meyer-Rochow V. B., Nonaka K., Boulidam S. (2008) More feared than revered: Insects and their impacts on human societies (with specific data on the importance of entomophagy in a Laotian setting.

2173: 3225: 1816:(ancient Crete) dating to approximately 1500 BC illustrates a Bee goddess with bull horns above her head. In this instance, the figure is surrounded by dogs with wings, most likely representing 579:

stated: "We are flying blind in many aspects of preserving the environment, and that's why we are so surprised when a species like the honeybee starts to crash, or an insect we don't want, the

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Meyer-Rochow, V. B.; et al. (2008). "More feared than revered: Insects and their impact on human societies (with specific data on the importance of entomophagy in a Laotian setting)".

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may have been attempted in the Middle Ages or earlier, but was first systematically researched by several nations during the 20th century. It was put into practice by the Japanese army's

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while travelling on his annual butterfly-collection trips in the western United States. He eventually became a leading lepidopterist. This is reflected in his fiction, where for example

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would be considered cultural entomology." He added: "Because the term "cultural" is narrowly defined, some aspects normally included in studies of human societies are excluded."

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Pearnchob, N.; Siepmann, J.; Bodmeier, R. (2003). "Pharmaceutical applications of shellac: moisture-protective and taste-masking coatings and extended-release matrix tablets".

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Francischetti, I.M.B., Mather, T.N., Ribeiro, J.M.C., 2005. Tick saliva is a potent inhibitor of endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. Thromb. Haemost. 94, 167e174.

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by gastronomes. In Guangdong, water beetles fetch a high enough price for these insects to be farmed. Especially high prices are fetched in Thailand for the giant water bug

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in Scotland, there is a belief that if a fly falls into a glass from which a person has been drinking, or is about to drink, it is a sure omen of good luck to the drinker.

5268: 2447: 2164: 2077:, both prose and poetry. He notes that these often allude to Chinese tales, such as of the young woman that the butterflies took to be a flower. He translates 22 Japanese 2346:

is one of the brightest and most popular stars in the universe – popular in that its features draw the attention of a lot of researchers. It happens to be located in the

5701: 5781: 2991: 5466: 455:) and scientific study (academic entomology), but the branch of investigation that addresses the influence of insects (and other terrestrial Arthropoda, including 6969: 5570: 2871: 2260:

in the story is a prince who has been transformed into an insect so that he can fly off to visit his father. The play upon which the opera was based – written by

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Maritz-Olivier, C., Stutzer, C., Jongejan, F., et al., 2007. Tick anti-hemostatics: targets for future vaccines and therapeutics. Trends Parasitol. 23, 397e407.

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Ribeiro, J.M.C., Arca, B., 2009. From sialomes to the sialoverse: an insight into salivary potion of blood-feeding insects. Adv. Insect Physiol. 37, 59e118.

2974: 595: 5648: 2041:, "Whom the foul fiend hath led through fire and through flame, through ford and whirlpool, o'er bog and quagmire", driven mad by the constant pursuit. In 1939:

I discovered in nature the nonutilitarian delights that I sought in art. Both were a form of magic, both were games of intricate enchantment and deception.

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was created to showcase the reproductive habits of insects. Jody Shapiro and Rick Gilbert were responsible for translating the research and concepts that

5233: 3444: 3217: 176:. Over a thousand protein families have been identified in the saliva of blood-feeding insects; these may provide useful drugs such as anticoagulants, 4085: 719: 625:

in the media. This has produced a society that attempts to eliminate insects from daily life. For example, nearly 75 million pounds of broad-spectrum

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Adams, MD; Celniker, SE; Holt, RA; Evans, CA; Gocayne, JD; Amanatides, PG; Scherer, SE; Li, PW; et al. (24 March 2000). "The genome sequence of

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are serious vectors of disease, but while they can carry bacteria they do not travel far, and have no bite or sting. Their shells contain a protein,

5039: 3445:"Wu Gong, Centipede, Acupuncture, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Acupuncture. Chinese Herb Picture, weblog, discussion board, bulletin board, forums" 2528: 1857: 3285: 818:, is used as a cure all, especially by the elderly, and extracts have been examined as a possible anti-cancer agent. Ayurveda uses insects such as 4342: 1332: 4491: 4184: 2721: 4820: 1147:

in 2000, reflecting the fruit fly's important role in biological research. 70% of the fly genome is similar to the human genome, supporting the

6420: 5602: 3108: 1170: 956:, or bee pollen, is eaten as a generally health restorative, and is said to help treat both internal and external infections. One of the major 604: 5673: 5207: 4711:"Japanese Interest in "Hotaru" (Fireflies) and "Kabuto-Mushi" (Japanese Rhinoceros Beetles) Corresponds with Seasonality in Visible Abundance" 6964: 6064: 6030: 5912: 5874: 5775: 5446: 5355: 5328: 5301: 5182: 5143: 5099: 5072: 4412: 4317: 4155: 4141: 4036: 3918: 3893: 3203: 3083: 2755: 6974: 3979: 1778: 6727: 1316: 6928: 5382: 2928: 4661: 4009: 541:

calculates the economic impact of four ecological services rendered by insects: pollination, recreation (i.e. "the importance of bugs to

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Ramos-Elorduy de Concini, J. and J.M. Pino Moreno. (1988). The utilization of insects in the empirical medicine of ancient Mexicans.

2514:"Topics And Issues In Ethnoentomology With Some Suggestions For The Development Of Hypothesis-Generation And Testing In Ethnobiology" 1283:, which uses passive cooling, storing heat in the morning and releasing it in the warm parts of the day. The target of this piece of 6954: 6005: 5848: 5817: 5632: 5417: 5247: 4951: 4455: 4380: 3963: 3862: 3837: 3644: 3260: 3195: 3157: 3135: 2840: 2816: 2777: 2715: 6949: 4558: 2268:

explained in his diary that he was attempting to depict the desperate attempts to escape of a fly caught in a cobweb in his piece

7089: 6887: 6129: 5264: 7067: 2324:, the fly, also known as Apis, the bee, in the deep southern sky. Musca, the only recognised insect constellation, was named by 6892: 3252: 2252: 513: 6871: 6923: 6535: 5765: 5407: 4124: 3390: 2616:

Schimitschek, E. (1961). "Die Bedeutung der Insekten für Kultur und Wirtschaft des Menschen in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart".

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Insects feature in folklore around the world. In China, farmers traditionally regulated their crop planting according to the

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Schimitschek, E. (1968). "Insekten als Nahrung, Brauchtum, Kult und Kultur". In Helmcke J.G.; Stark D.; Wermuth H. (eds.).

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Insects have appeared in mythology around the world from ancient times. Among the insect groups featuring in myths are the

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on the ancient city of Chichén Itzá in the modern Mexican state of Yucatán, it spread as far as the Guatemalan highlands.

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Dossey, A. T., 2010. Insects and their chemical weaponry: new potential for drug discovery. Nat. Prod. Rep 27, 1737e1757.

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relate to insects and other animals: "pragmatic, intellectual, realist, practical, aesthetic, symbolic and sacramental."

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covers physical expressions such as technology, architecture and art, whereas immaterial culture includes principles of

2666: 2564: 2264:– originally had two more insect themes: the Flight of the Mosquito and the Flight of the Fly. The Hungarian composer 7114: 7109: 6990: 6668: 6122: 4986: 4794: 569: 377: 6902: 2085:, said to suggest happiness in springtime: "Wake up! Wake up!—I will make thee my comrade, thou sleeping butterfly." 6918: 4513: 4402: 4143:

Prehistoric textiles: the development of cloth in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages with special reference to the Aegean

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Feng, Y., Zhao, M., He, Z., Chen, Z., and L. Sun. (2009). Research and utilization of medicinal insects in China.

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Neff, Lyle (1999). "The Tale of Tsar Saltan: A Centenary Appreciation of Rimski-Korsakov's Second Puškin Opera".

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Srivastava, S.K., Babu, N., and H. Pandey. (2009). Traditional insect bioprospecting—As human food and medicine.

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Insects play an important role in biological research. Because of its small size, short generation time and high

920:, a resinous, waxy mixture collected by honeybees and used as a hive insulator and sealant, is often consumed by 5695:

Matsuura, M.; Zijlstra, A. A.; Molster, F. J.; Waters, L. B. F. M.; Nomura, H.; Sahai, R.; Hoare, M. G. (2005).

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Kevin Groark. Taxonomic Identity of "Hallucinogenic" Harvester Ant (Pogonomyrmex californicus) Confirmed. 2001.

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Bee and other insect costumes are worn in a variety of countries for parties, carnivals and other celebrations.

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leaves. The cocoon, produced after the fourth moult, is covered with a continuous filament of the silk protein,

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Kung, Michelle. ""Green Porno" Creator Isabella Rossellini on Animal Sex, Crazed Fans and Web Entertainment".

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Meyer-Rochow et al. (2008). In Mexico, ant larvae and corixid water boatman eggs are sought out as a form of

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was the son of a professional lepidopterist, and was interested in butterflies himself. He wrote his novel

1749: 1244:. They were used as a red dye by the ancient Greeks and Romans. The kermes dye is a rich red, and has good 1127:. Because genetic systems are well conserved among eukaryotes, understanding basic cellular processes like 6747: 6580: 3353: 3308: 2513: 2398: 1969: 1456: 1391:

leading west from China was opened in the 2nd century AD, helping to drive trade in silk and other goods.

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in fruit flies helps scientists to understand those processes in other eukaryotes, including humans. The

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claimed cultural entomology as a branch of insect studies, in a review of the roles insects played in

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Sun, Xinjuan; Jiang, Kechun; Chen, Jingan; Wu, Liang; Lu, Hui; Wang, Aiping; Wang, Jianming (2014).

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was also a renowned butterfly expert. He published and illustrated many butterfly species, stating:

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Meyer-Rochow, Victor Benno (1975). "Can insects help to ease the problem of world food shortage?".

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his colleague for "the enormous contribution" Larson has made to their field through his cartoons.

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Keep Watching the Skies!: American Science Fiction Movies of the Fifties, The 21st Century Edition

4032: 2747: 2065:, making use of the newly discovered growth hormones to lend plausibility to his science fiction. 1003:, the blister-causing oil found in several families of beetles described by the vague common name 772: 376:

described insect life and communicated their meaning to people "with imagination and brilliance".

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MacRae, Ian. "Butterfly Chronicles: Imagination and Desire in Natural & Literary Histories".

4609: 4254: 3928: 3810: 2999: 2006: 1881: 1487: 1191: 973: 741: 733: 517: 351: 291: 204: 5372: 3132:"Sensasi Rasa Unik Botok Lebah yang Menyengat (Unique taste sensation botok with stinging bees)" 2104:

devotes two whole chapters (of five) to the tale of a father and son on a butterfly expedition.

1687: 5116: 3636: 3630: 2924: 2127:, a newspaper cartoon, has been used by professor of Michael Burgett as a teaching tool in his 2107:

Horror films involving insects, sometimes called "big bug movies", include the pioneering 1954

6400: 6370: 6319: 6309: 6284: 6218: 6060: 6054: 6026: 6001: 5908: 5870: 5844: 5813: 5771: 5665: 5628: 5442: 5413: 5351: 5345: 5324: 5297: 5291: 5243: 5178: 5139: 5095: 5089: 5068: 5062: 4947: 4742: 4657: 4639: 4601: 4451: 4408: 4376: 4313: 4151: 4120: 4005: 3959: 3914: 3889: 3858: 3833: 3802: 3689: 3640: 3575: 3554:"A systematic review of maggot debridement therapy for chronically infected wounds and ulcers" 3256: 3199: 3191: 3079: 2812: 2711: 2491: 2481: 2457: 2452: 2442: 2265: 2261: 2209: 2115: 1994: 1977: 1944: 1782: 1731: 1594: 1590: 1371:

period onwards, c. 5000 BC. Production spread to India by 140 AD. The caterpillars are fed on

1158: 1004: 836: 777: 764:. In Thailand, there are 20,000 farmers rearing crickets, producing some 7,500 tons per year. 505: 35: 5942: 5902: 5318: 5133: 4445: 1203:. Up to 100,000 scale insects are needed to make a kilogram (2.2 lbs) of cochineal dye. 983:

infections has sparked pharmaceutical research for new resources, including into arthropods.

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Some popular and influential pieces of music have had insects as their subjects. The French

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which holds much cultural significance including creation and zen-like patience in waiting.

1414: 1047:, sodium channel blockers, complement inhibitors, pore formers, inhibitors of angiogenesis, 1040: 1028: 373: 299: 236: 196: 141: 5840: 5834: 5809: 5803: 3911:

The Anti-Red Shift – To the Dark Side: Colour Changes in Flemish Luxury Woollens, 1300–1500

2342:"The Bug Nebula", also called "The Butterfly Nebula", is a more recent discovery. Known as 2331: 1830:

art is an ancient craft technique using iridescent beetle wings practiced traditionally in

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is used to treat tetanus, seizures, and convulsions, while the Chinese Black Mountain Ant,

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have long inspired humans with their life cycle, color, and ornate patterns. The novelist

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content, and it is said to have antibiotic, anesthetic, and anti-inflammatory properties.

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Christian, David (2000). "Silk Roads or Steppe Roads? The Silk Roads in World History".

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Insects have been used medicinally in cultures around the world, often according to the

6821: 6771: 6696: 6587: 6560: 6486: 6360: 6244: 6177: 5571:"From the Diary of a Fly, for piano (Mikrokosmos Vol. 6/142), Sz.107/6/142, BB 105/142" 5489:""Eric Speed, Violinist, Flight of the Bumblebee, Nikon S9100, Montreal, 22 July 2011"" 5170: 4737: 4710: 4562: 2066: 2024: 1869: 1806: 1657: 1622: 1499: 1422: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1088: 1070: 1051:, AMPs and microbial pattern recognition molecules, and parasite enhancers/activators. 986: 753: 707: 692: 622: 538: 192: 169: 129: 5627:

Mark R. Chartrand III (1983) Skyguide: A Field Guide for Amateur Astronomers, p. 184 (

2906: 1315:(water-shedding) sides, have been mimicked in a film coating designed for the British 7083: 6791: 6643: 6188: 6016: 5723: 5696: 5239: 4597: 3221: 2012: 1960: 1528: 1372: 1196: 1044: 990: 848: 550: 439: 240: 181: 98:, but has caused resistance to commonly-used chemicals in a thousand insect species. 4613: 4584:

Arruda, L. K; Chapman, M. D. (Jan 2001). "What are the cockroach asthma antigens?".

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is an insect-themed production by the world renowned Canadian entertainment company

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In 2011, the artist Anna Collette created over 10,000 individual ceramic insects at

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Ethnoentomology developed from the 19th century with early works by authors such as

29: 6575: 6540: 6464: 6234: 4487: 4484:"South Village welcomes spring with snacks — and an eye on environmental awareness" 2805: 2379: 2363: 2355: 2300: 2183: 2123: 1964: 1877: 1745: 1613:, honey ants and witchety grubs served as personal clan totems. In the case of the 1582: 1503: 1438: 1337: 1276: 1221: 1217: 1207: 1036: 965: 945: 909: 901: 558: 355: 177: 67: 6114: 3885: 3879: 3685: 3379: 364:(1935) showed that insects were an important force in human history. Writers like 322:. This article describes the roles played by insects in human culture so defined. 17: 6020: 5864: 4940: 4370: 4276: 4058: 2256:. The piece is one of the most recognizable pieces in classical composition. The 2171: 908:(honey bee venom) is applied via direct stings to relieve arthritis, rheumatism, 54:

Academically, the interaction of insects and society has been treated in part as

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which effectively cool the nests of these social insects. The properties of the

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in other parts of Mexico), Quetzalcoatl is a Mesoamerican deity whose name in

2280: 2194: 2128: 1889: 1851: 1827: 1798: 1614: 1284: 1272: 1256: 1241: 1112: 921: 897: 880: 862: 840: 757: 662: 635: 448: 393: 315: 311: 279: 168:; its larvae too are eaten in some societies. Medical uses of insects include 83: 75: 5646:

http://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/scorpius-constellation/

5091:

Shakespeare and the Classical Tradition: An Annotated Bibliography, 1961–1991

4539:

Roth, L. M.; Willis, E. R. (1960). "The biotic associations of cockroaches".

3763: 2495: 557:. The value has been estimated at $ 153 billion worldwide. As the ant expert 447:

pleasure by aesthetic exercises that may be referred to as the 'humanities.'

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ants during female rite-of-passage ceremonies, and prescribing the sting of

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plays duets with singing insects including cicadas, crickets, and beetles.

1918:

inch (38 mm) long, iridescent greenish coppery beetles of the species

1429:. Also in the Second World War, the French and Germans explored the use of 5177:(Limited (300 copies) ed.). Dublin: Swan River Press. pp. 1–18. 4447:

Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Illustrated Dictionary

4250: 3798: 1988: 1862:

A Dragon-fly, Two Moths, a Spider and Some Beetles, With Wild Strawberries

822:

for conditions such as ulcers, rheumatic diseases, anaemia, and pain. The

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The Pursuit of Perfection: The Promise and Perils of Medical Enhancement

3712:

Major colourants and dyestuffs, mainly produced in horticultural systems

1824:– gods of the underworld, similar to the Egyptian gods Akeu and Anubis. 587:, appears in our midst. In other words: Start thinking about the bugs." 399: 6525: 6481: 6447: 6425: 6380: 5524: 5493: 4790: 3909:

Munro, John H. (2007). Netherton, Robin; Owen-Crocker, Gale R. (eds.).

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are used in theatrical productions and worn for parties and carnivals.

216: 121: 110: 79: 63: 4407:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 51–53. 1943:

It was the aesthetic complexity of insects that led Nabokov to reject

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that has been celebrated for over 40 years. The larvae of the species

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feeding organisms, including inhibitors of platelet aggregation, ADP,

714:

in some societies around the world, and Frederick Simon Bodenheimer's

6459: 6160: 6149: 5603:"David Rothenberg: "Bug Music: How Insects Gave Us Rhythm and Noise"" 2314: 2094: 1817: 1691: 1578: 1560: 1523: 1515: 1511: 1465: 1461: 1304: 1136: 949: 913: 761: 728: 530: 477: 271: 153: 2047:, Shakespeare similarly likens Cleopatra's hasty departure from the 6430: 5808:(6th ed.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. pp. 2893:

Kellert, S. R. (1993). "Values and perceptions of invertebrates".

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posters, and urging children to gather the beetles and kill them.

594: 492: 398: 329: 267: 263: 244: 149: 28: 6107: 5839:(6th ed.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. p. 5290:

Gregersdotter, Katarina; Höglund, Johan; Hållén, Nicklas (2016).

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are native to the Mediterranean region, living on the sap of the

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Human attitudes toward insects are often negative, reinforced by

6474: 4335:"Bug Bomb. Why our next terrorist attack could come on six legs" 2313:

In astronomy, constellations named after arthropods include the

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The constellation Musca (as Apis) is upper right. Detail from

1537: 1491: 658: 522: 259: 6705: 1460:

Gold plaques embossed with winged bee goddesses, perhaps the

3635:(2nd ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. p. 2354:

The honey bee played a central role in the cosmology of the

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Many people believe the urban myth that the daddy longlegs (

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beads were often worn by many different cultures in ancient

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of 1070 BC, and later to the ancient Greeks and Romans. The

442:

covered the field in English and from 1994 to 1997, Hogue's

86:, do not necessarily lie within these academic disciplines. 2270:

From the Diary of a Fly, for piano (Mikrokosmos Vol. 6/142)

2081:

poems about butterflies, including one by the haiku master

1103:

has been an essential part of studies into principles like

58:, dealing mostly with "advanced" societies, and in part as 3158:"Worms! A look at Zimbabwe's favorite snack: mopane worms" 2113:, featuring giant ants mutated by radiation, and the 1957 1632:

Woolly bear caterpillar larva of the isabella tiger moth,

1506:. Scarab beetles held religious and cultural symbolism in 388:

is the most studied topic in ethnoentomology, followed by

3956:

Medieval Woollens: Textiles, Technology, and Organisation

3766:. The Mail (Adelaide, SA : 1912 – 1954). 18 Dec 1937 807:. TCM uses arthropods for various purposes; for example, 740:

Insects used in food include honey bee larvae and pupae,

66:

on human populations, and vice versa. They are rooted in

4059:"Namib Desert beetle inspires self-filling water bottle" 3255:: New Holland Publishers (Australia). pp. 190–192. 144:

to spread disease in enemy populations. One insect, the

3389:. Patrick B. Durst. Food and Agriculture Organization. 2552:. Vol. 4. Berliner Akademie Verlag. pp. 1–62. 1220:

is a red dye from the dried bodies of the females of a

4364: 4362: 4360: 4190:. Government of Andhra Pradesh (India). Archived from 3738:"Guidance for Industry: Cochineal Extract and Carmine" 3525: 3523: 3521: 2635:

Hogue, Charles (January 1987). "Cultural Entomology".

2242:). It is among the most frequently sung of his works. 851:

via the immune reaction produced by its sting. Boiled

5904:

Young Me, Now Me: Identical Photos, Different Decades

4514:"Predicting Winter Weather: Woolly Bear Caterpillars" 3067: 3065: 3063: 3061: 258:

in all human societies include expressive forms like

6929:

Indian Society for the Advancement of Insect Science

4310:

Six-Legged Soldiers: Using Insects as Weapons of War

2954:(6th ed.). Thompson Learning. pp. 211–216. 1967:

using the wing patterns of butterflies and moths as

1963:

spent 25 years documenting all 26 characters of the

7017:

International Union for the Study of Social Insects

7004: 6983: 6942: 6911: 6880: 6859: 6659: 6601: 6553: 6504: 6389: 6328: 6300: 6258: 6227: 6170: 6156: 5067:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 205–208. 2543: 2541: 6934:Japanese Society of Applied Entomology and Zoology 5293:Animal Horror Cinema: Genre, History and Criticism 4939: 3101:"U.N. Urges Eating Insects: 8 Popular Bugs to Try" 2804: 2448:Human interactions with insects in southern Africa 1354:Silkworms, the caterpillars and pupae of the moth 5702:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 4439: 4437: 4435: 4033:"Termite Mounds Inspire Energy Neutral Buildings" 3980:"Biomimetic Building Uses Termite Mound As Model" 3494: 3492: 3490: 3470:"BBC News | HEALTH | Insects boost immune system" 1950:The naturalist Ian MacRae writes of butterflies: 1904:, noted women from India and Sri Lanka, who kept 1719:signify the anticipated changing of the seasons. 1661:Shoen Uemura - firefly, a sign of summer in Japan 5739:"Newly discovered star one of hottest in Galaxy" 5697:"The dark lane of the planetary nebula NGC 6302" 5373:"'Far Side' Entomology Class Has Students Abuzz" 4885:. New York: Vintage International. p. 129. 3958:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 214–215. 3832:. 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Archived from 2512:Posey, Darrell Addison (1986). 1760:spp. for fevers and headaches. 1437:, the US Army considered using 1413:in attacks on China during the 1206:A similarly enormous number of 1069:is one of the most widely used 706:is the eating of insects. Many 607:were urged to collect and kill 514:Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 250:and transmitted through social 48:Human interactions with insects 6950:Amateur Entomologists' Society 6924:Entomological Society of Japan 6919:Entomological Society of China 6536:Home-stored product entomology 6102:The Cultural Entomology Digest 5409:The Prehistory of the Far Side 2925:"Chapter 18: Insects As Pests" 1785:in Rasamanjari by Bhanudatta, 1638:, is celebrated in the annual 1468:, dated to the 7th century BC. 573:they who really run the show. 444:The Cultural Entomology Digest 94:has failed to exterminate any 78:, the study of insects. 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Andrews and McMeel. 5200:"Father's Butterflies" 4728:10.3390/insects3020424 4709:Takada, Kenta (2012). 3853:Goodwin, Jill (1982). 3380:"Six-legged livestock" 2412: 2392: 2339: 2335:The Butterfly Nebula, 2310: 2158: 1998: 1984:In literature and film 1970:The Butterfly Alphabet 1957: 1941: 1893: 1802: 1763:The red harvester ant 1754:Pachycondyla commutata 1735: 1662: 1647: 1598:contains allusions to 1469: 1362:reared to produce silk 1341: 1268: 1174: 1074: 797:Doctrine of Signatures 786: 700: 612: 509: 500:, here by a bee on an 434:and culture including 416: 413:western corn rootworms 366:William Morton Wheeler 361:Rats, Lice and History 343: 44: 6566:Alfred Russel Wallace 6351:Entomological warfare 6202:Insects in literature 5994:"Cultural Entomology" 5115:Wells, H. G. (1904). 4844:"Beetles in Textiles" 4401:DuBois, Page (2010). 4277:"Six-legged soldiers" 4251:10.1353/jwh.2000.0004 3799:10.1081/ddc-120024188 2803:Wilson, E.O. (2006). 2667:"Cultural Entomology" 2618:Istanbul Universitesi 2565:"Cultural Entomology" 2550:Handbuch der Zoologie 2433:Arthropods in culture 2382: 2334: 2298: 2157: 2003:Insects in literature 1991: 1952: 1937: 1898:Charles Howard Curran 1860: 1781: 1730: 1660: 1631: 1459: 1401:Entomological warfare 1330: 1254: 1161: 1062: 904:, and lung diseases. 896:, throat infections, 775: 716:Insects as Human Food 691: 615:Further information: 598: 553:"), dung burial, and 496: 405:agricultural aircraft 403:Fighting insects: an 402: 382:Insects as Human Food 348:Alfred Russel Wallace 340:Alfred Russel Wallace 333: 32: 6521:Insect sting allergy 6315:Cicadas in mythology 5036:"Stirring the Swarm" 5010:"Stirring the Swarm" 4684:"Daddy Longleg myth" 3830:Prehistoric Textiles 3472:. 10 February 2002. 3356:on November 11, 2005 2952:Sustaining the Earth 2950:Miller G.T. (2004). 2923:Meyer, John (2006). 2895:Conservation Biology 2320:, the scorpion, and 2044:Antony and Cleopatra 1921:Chrysochroa ocellata 1676:Pyrrharctia isabella 1635:Pyrrharctia isabella 1577:seals as symbols of 1474:Insects in mythology 1265:Stenocara gracilipes 1189:). The scale insect 1063:The common fruitfly 1007:has been used as an 981:antibiotic resistant 970:rheumatoid arthritis 940:, arteriosclerosis, 657:from America on the 591:Pests and propaganda 581:Asian tiger mosquito 7105:Biology and culture 6624:Habitat destruction 6376:Insects in religion 6056:Cultural Entomology 5975:Wall Street Journal 5715:2005MNRAS.359..383M 5242:. pp. 115–18. 5204:The Atlantic Online 4092:on November 5, 2001 3678:2000Sci...287.2185. 3672:(5461): 2185–2195. 3629:Pierce, BA (2006). 3533:, 41 (2011) 747e769 3341:Smithsonian Zoogoer 3164:. 25 January 2013. 3162:New York Daily News 3105:National Geographic 2420:Isabella Rossellini 2075:Japanese literature 2029:William Shakespeare 2023:pursue and torment 1874:clouded border moth 1740:Insects in religion 1671:Woollybear Festival 1640:Woollybear Festival 1567:is being chased by 1548:live forever as an 1464:, found at Camiros 1407:insects for warfare 1317:Ministry of Defence 1297:Namib desert beetle 1261:Namib desert beetle 1091:for studies of the 1011:in some societies. 835:. The venom of the 831:soldiers as living 791:Insects in medicine 576:The Washington Post 453:economic entomology 370:Maurice Maeterlinck 304:social organization 256:Cultural universals 109:, for the valuable 56:cultural entomology 33:The "Spanish fly", 7115:Animals in culture 7110:Insects in culture 6697:Insects portal 6669:Insects and humans 6197:Arthropods in film 6146:Human interactions 5901:Frank, Ze (2011). 5651:2016-06-01 at the 5553:The Pushkin Review 5520:"The Green Hornet" 4857:on 26 October 2015 4842:Rivers, Victoria. 4216:Bezzina, Neville. 4084:Trivedi, Bijal P. 4006:"Termite research" 3000:The New York Times 2994:2017-08-23 at the 2393: 2340: 2311: 2159: 2059:in his 1904 novel 2049:Actium battlefield 2007:Arthropods in film 1999: 1894: 1803: 1789:, c. 1670. Opaque 1736: 1717:rhinoceros beetles 1663: 1648: 1470: 1364:in China from the 1342: 1269: 1248:in silk and wool. 1192:Dactylopius coccus 1175: 1087:was selected as a 1075: 974:multiple sclerosis 787: 734:Lethocerus indicus 720:sub-Saharan Africa 701: 613: 518:ecosystem services 510: 484:Benefits and costs 421:Erwin Schimitschek 417: 352:Henry Walter Bates 344: 45: 18:Insects in culture 7077: 7076: 7029: 7028: 7025: 7024: 6840: 6839: 6703: 6702: 6592:Insect Literature 6549: 6548: 6448:Carmine/Cochineal 6401:Beneficial insect 6371:Insects in ethics 6320:Scarab (artifact) 6310:Bees in mythology 6219:Insects on stamps 6066:978-1-84520-949-0 6042:Entomologie Heute 6032:978-0-7011-8180-2 5914:978-1-61243-006-5 5876:978-0-86442-711-3 5777:978-0-8061-1992-2 5448:978-0-19-816669-6 5357:978-1-55490-330-6 5330:978-1-4766-2505-8 5303:978-1-137-49639-3 5184:978-1-78380-009-4 5175:Insect Literature 5145:978-0-307-76713-4 5101:978-0-8240-6697-0 5074:978-1-4438-2466-8 4877:Nabokov, Vladimir 4414:978-0-674-03558-4 4319:978-0-199-73353-8 4157:978-0-691-00224-8 4035:. Green Prophet. 3920:978-1-84383-291-1 3895:978-0-300-11741-7 3376:Hanboonsong, Yupa 3307:Kenyon, Chelsie. 3204:978-1-74104-558-1 3085:978-1-4051-4457-5 2784:on 7 January 2017 2752:High Country News 2591:"Who? What? Why?" 2458:Insect collecting 2453:Insects in ethics 2443:Plants in culture 2262:Alexander Pushkin 2182:performed by the 2174: 2116:The Deadly Mantis 2055:introduced giant 1995:The Deadly Mantis 1978:Nottingham Castle 1959:The photographer 1945:natural selection 1783:Radha and Krishna 1748:, members of the 1744:In the Brazilian 1595:Epic of Gilgamesh 1563:when her husband 1544:to let her lover 932:is used to treat 839:was used to cure 837:Red harvester ant 778:Eciton burchellii 506:ecosystem service 298:. The concept of 36:Lytta vesicatoria 16:(Redirected from 7122: 7100:Cultural studies 7065: 7064: 7053: 7052: 7041: 7040: 6857: 6846: 6758: 6730: 6723: 6716: 6707: 6695: 6694: 6571:Jean-Henri Fabre 6346:Cricket fighting 6341:Cockroach racing 6207:Insects in music 6168: 6139: 6132: 6125: 6116: 6090: 6084: 6080: 6078: 6070: 6049: 6036: 6011: 5980: 5979: 5969: 5963: 5962: 5960: 5958: 5947:Cirque du Soleil 5943:"About the Show" 5939: 5930: 5929: 5927: 5926: 5898: 5892: 5891: 5889: 5888: 5861: 5855: 5854: 5836:The Ancient Maya 5830: 5824: 5823: 5805:The Ancient Maya 5799: 5793: 5792: 5790: 5789: 5761: 5755: 5754: 5752: 5750: 5735: 5729: 5728: 5726: 5692: 5686: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5661: 5655: 5642: 5636: 5625: 5619: 5618: 5616: 5614: 5599: 5593: 5592: 5590: 5588: 5567: 5561: 5560: 5548: 5542: 5541: 5539: 5537: 5516: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5506: 5485: 5479: 5478: 5476: 5474: 5459: 5453: 5452: 5430: 5424: 5423: 5400: 5394: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5368: 5362: 5361: 5341: 5335: 5334: 5314: 5308: 5307: 5287: 5281: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5267:. 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Archived from 2563:Hogue, Charles. 2560: 2554: 2553: 2545: 2536: 2535: 2533: 2518: 2509: 2500: 2499: 2473: 2438:Birds in culture 2403:Cirque du Soleil 2285:David Rothenberg 2241: 2238: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2214:Josquin des Prez 2204:Insects in music 2176: 2175: 2156: 2090:Vladimir Nabokov 1933:Vladimir Nabokov 1917: 1916: 1912: 1909: 1888:, centre right; 1868:, 17th century. 1690:, implicated in 1642:of the American 1431:Colorado beetles 1415:Second World War 1121:animal behaviour 1041:vasoconstrictors 1029:arachidonic acid 968:in sufferers of 609:Colorado beetles 429: 374:Jean Henri Fabre 300:material culture 237:social behaviour 235:consists of the 142:Second World War 128:is an important 21: 7130: 7129: 7125: 7124: 7123: 7121: 7120: 7119: 7080: 7079: 7078: 7073: 7021: 7000: 6979: 6938: 6907: 6876: 6851: 6836: 6827:Trichopterology 6797:Lepidopterology 6787:Heteropterology 6782:Ethnoentomology 6763: 6752: 6739: 6734: 6704: 6699: 6689: 6683: 6661: 6655: 6597: 6545: 6507: 6500: 6392: 6385: 6324: 6296: 6254: 6223: 6163: 6158: 6152: 6143: 6097: 6081: 6071: 6067: 6052: 6039: 6033: 6022:Bugs Britannica 6015:Marren, Peter; 6014: 6008: 5991: 5988: 5986:Further reading 5983: 5971: 5970: 5966: 5956: 5954: 5941: 5940: 5933: 5924: 5922: 5915: 5900: 5899: 5895: 5886: 5884: 5877: 5863: 5862: 5858: 5851: 5832: 5831: 5827: 5820: 5801: 5800: 5796: 5787: 5785: 5778: 5763: 5762: 5758: 5748: 5746: 5737: 5736: 5732: 5694: 5693: 5689: 5679: 5677: 5663: 5662: 5658: 5653:Wayback Machine 5643: 5639: 5626: 5622: 5612: 5610: 5601: 5600: 5596: 5586: 5584: 5569: 5568: 5564: 5550: 5549: 5545: 5535: 5533: 5518: 5517: 5513: 5504: 5502: 5487: 5486: 5482: 5472: 5470: 5461: 5460: 5456: 5449: 5441:. p. 155. 5439:Clarendon Press 5432: 5431: 5427: 5420: 5402: 5401: 5397: 5388: 5386: 5370: 5369: 5365: 5358: 5343: 5342: 5338: 5331: 5316: 5315: 5311: 5304: 5289: 5288: 5284: 5274: 5272: 5262: 5261: 5257: 5250: 5228: 5227: 5223: 5213: 5211: 5197: 5196: 5192: 5185: 5171:Hearn, Lafcadio 5169: 5168: 5164: 5155: 5153: 5146: 5131: 5130: 5126: 5114: 5113: 5109: 5102: 5087: 5086: 5082: 5075: 5060: 5059: 5055: 5045: 5043: 5034: 5033: 5029: 5019: 5017: 5007: 5006: 5002: 4992: 4990: 4981: 4980: 4976: 4966: 4965: 4961: 4954: 4942:Strong Opinions 4937: 4936: 4932: 4922: 4920: 4906: 4905: 4901: 4892: 4890: 4875: 4874: 4870: 4860: 4858: 4841: 4840: 4836: 4826: 4824: 4815: 4814: 4810: 4800: 4798: 4789:Gough, Andrew. 4788: 4787: 4783: 4774: 4770: 4758: 4754: 4708: 4707: 4703: 4693: 4691: 4682: 4681: 4677: 4667: 4665: 4656: 4655: 4651: 4626: 4625: 4621: 4583: 4582: 4578: 4568: 4566: 4565:on 14 June 2012 4557: 4556: 4552: 4538: 4537: 4533: 4523: 4521: 4512: 4511: 4507: 4497: 4495: 4481: 4480: 4476: 4467: 4465: 4458: 4443: 4442: 4433: 4424: 4422: 4415: 4400: 4399: 4390: 4383: 4368: 4367: 4358: 4348: 4346: 4332: 4331: 4327: 4320: 4307: 4306: 4302: 4292: 4290: 4274: 4273: 4266: 4234: 4233: 4229: 4215: 4214: 4210: 4200: 4198: 4197:on 21 July 2011 4194: 4187: 4182: 4181: 4177: 4167: 4165: 4158: 4139: 4138: 4134: 4127: 4110: 4109: 4105: 4095: 4093: 4083: 4082: 4078: 4068: 4066: 4057: 4056: 4052: 4042: 4040: 4030: 4029: 4025: 4015: 4013: 4004: 4003: 3999: 3989: 3987: 3978: 3977: 3973: 3966: 3953: 3952: 3948: 3935: 3925: 3921: 3908: 3907: 3903: 3896: 3877: 3876: 3872: 3865: 3855:A Dyer's Manual 3852: 3851: 3847: 3840: 3827: 3826: 3822: 3784: 3783: 3779: 3769: 3767: 3762: 3761: 3757: 3747: 3745: 3736: 3735: 3731: 3721: 3719: 3706: 3705: 3701: 3659: 3658: 3654: 3647: 3628: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3614: 3609: 3605: 3600: 3596: 3591: 3587: 3551: 3550: 3546: 3541: 3537: 3528: 3519: 3510: 3506: 3497: 3488: 3479: 3477: 3468: 3467: 3463: 3454: 3452: 3443: 3442: 3438: 3430: 3409: 3399: 3397: 3393: 3382: 3374: 3373: 3369: 3359: 3357: 3333: 3332: 3328: 3318: 3316: 3306: 3305: 3301: 3291: 3289: 3275: 3274: 3270: 3263: 3246: 3245: 3241: 3231: 3229: 3215: 3214: 3210: 3185: 3181: 3171: 3169: 3156: 3155: 3151: 3141: 3139: 3138:on 22 June 2015 3129: 3128: 3124: 3114: 3112: 3111:on 16 July 2015 3098: 3097: 3093: 3086: 3071: 3070: 3059: 3051: 3047: 3034: 3025: 3011: 3010: 3006: 2996:Wayback Machine 2987: 2980: 2978: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2949: 2948: 2944: 2934: 2932: 2922: 2921: 2914: 2892: 2891: 2887: 2877: 2875: 2861: 2860: 2856: 2846: 2844: 2831: 2830: 2826: 2819: 2802: 2801: 2797: 2787: 2785: 2776: 2775: 2771: 2761: 2759: 2745: 2744: 2740: 2730: 2728: 2724: 2718: 2707: 2700: 2699: 2695: 2690: 2686: 2676: 2674: 2673:on 17 June 2012 2664: 2663: 2656: 2634: 2633: 2629: 2615: 2614: 2610: 2600: 2598: 2597:on 4 March 2016 2589: 2588: 2584: 2574: 2572: 2571:on 17 June 2012 2562: 2561: 2557: 2547: 2546: 2539: 2531: 2516: 2511: 2510: 2503: 2488: 2475: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2429: 2377: 2326:Petrus Plancius 2293: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2206: 2200: 2199: 2191: 2189: 2188: 2187: 2186: 2177: 2170: 2167: 2160: 2154: 2149: 2141:Dale H. Clayton 2135:and its author 2009: 2001:Main articles: 1986: 1914: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1884:, centre left; 1882:cardinal beetle 1809: 1776: 1742: 1725: 1607:Arrernte people 1476: 1454: 1447: 1403: 1397: 1352: 1350:History of silk 1344:Main articles: 1325: 1246:colour fastness 1233:Kermes vermilio 1201:deter predators 1141:D. melanogaster 1129:DNA replication 1105:genetic linkage 1101:D. melanogaster 1071:model organisms 1057: 869:, convulsions, 793: 770: 754:Witchetty grubs 697:Arrernte people 693:Witchetty grubs 686: 680:Insects as food 678:Main articles: 676: 671: 619: 593: 491: 486: 423: 328: 230: 225: 72:natural history 60:ethnoentomology 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7128: 7126: 7118: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7082: 7081: 7075: 7074: 7072: 7071: 7059: 7047: 7034: 7031: 7030: 7027: 7026: 7023: 7022: 7020: 7019: 7014: 7008: 7006: 7002: 7001: 6999: 6998: 6993: 6987: 6985: 6981: 6980: 6978: 6977: 6972: 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6946: 6944: 6940: 6939: 6937: 6936: 6931: 6926: 6921: 6915: 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article: 1724: 1721: 1623:praying mantis 1575:Old Babylonian 1555:In an ancient 1532:, the goddess 1500:praying mantis 1472:Main article: 1453: 1450: 1446: 1443: 1421:infected with 1399:Main article: 1396: 1393: 1324: 1321: 1259:research: the 1153:origin of life 1089:model organism 1056: 1053: 1045:antihistamines 987:Maggot therapy 960:in bee venom, 789:Main article: 769: 766: 708:edible insects 675: 672: 670: 669:Practical uses 667: 653:, blaming the 638:such as bees. 623:sensationalism 605:Young Pioneers 603:, East German 592: 589: 539:Xerces Society 490: 487: 485: 482: 327: 324: 229: 226: 224: 221: 182:antihistamines 170:maggot therapy 130:model organism 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7127: 7116: 7113: 7111: 7108: 7106: 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7091: 7088: 7087: 7085: 7070: 7069: 7060: 7058: 7057: 7048: 7046: 7045: 7036: 7035: 7032: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7009: 7007: 7003: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6988: 6986: 6982: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 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2953: 2946: 2943: 2930: 2926: 2919: 2917: 2913: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2889: 2886: 2873: 2869: 2868:June 30, 2007 2865: 2858: 2855: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2828: 2825: 2820: 2818:9780393062175 2814: 2809: 2808: 2799: 2796: 2783: 2779: 2773: 2770: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2742: 2739: 2723: 2719: 2717:1-59726-040-1 2713: 2706: 2705: 2697: 2694: 2691:Morris, 2006. 2688: 2685: 2672: 2668: 2661: 2659: 2655: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2631: 2628: 2623: 2619: 2612: 2609: 2596: 2592: 2586: 2583: 2570: 2566: 2559: 2556: 2551: 2544: 2542: 2538: 2530: 2527:(1): 99–120. 2526: 2522: 2515: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2483: 2479: 2472: 2469: 2463: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2430: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2417: 2411: 2406: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2390: 2386: 2381: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2352: 2349: 2345: 2338: 2333: 2329: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2316: 2308: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2282: 2279:musician and 2278: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2254: 2249: 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Retrieved 4652: 4631: 4628:Cowan, Frank 4622: 4592:(1): 14–19. 4589: 4585: 4579: 4567:. Retrieved 4563:the original 4553: 4544: 4540: 4534: 4522:. Retrieved 4508: 4496:. Retrieved 4488:Taipei Times 4477: 4466:. Retrieved 4446: 4423:. Retrieved 4403: 4371: 4347:. Retrieved 4338: 4328: 4309: 4303: 4291:. Retrieved 4280: 4242: 4236: 4230: 4222:the original 4211: 4199:. Retrieved 4192:the original 4178: 4166:. Retrieved 4142: 4135: 4112: 4106: 4094:. Retrieved 4090:the original 4079: 4067:. Retrieved 4053: 4041:. Retrieved 4026: 4014:. Retrieved 4000: 3988:. Retrieved 3974: 3955: 3949: 3910: 3904: 3880: 3873: 3854: 3848: 3829: 3823: 3790: 3786: 3780: 3768:. Retrieved 3758: 3746:. Retrieved 3732: 3720:. Retrieved 3711: 3702: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3655: 3631: 3624: 3615: 3606: 3597: 3588: 3561: 3557: 3547: 3538: 3530: 3512: 3507: 3499: 3478:. Retrieved 3464: 3453:. Retrieved 3449:the original 3439: 3432: 3398:. Retrieved 3386: 3370: 3358:. Retrieved 3354:the original 3345: 3339: 3329: 3317:. 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