128:, the IEA describes itself as an "educational research institute" and says that it seeks to "further the dissemination of free-market thinking" by "analysing and expounding the role of markets in solving economic and social problems". The IEA is the oldest free market think-tank in the UK and was established to promote free-market responses to economic challenges by targeting influential academics and journalists, as well as students, in order to propagate these ideas widely. Adopting as its credo FA Hayek's view that "yesterday's dissent becomes today's consensus," the IEA says that it prioritises producing work with a focus on economic insights over partisan politics.
29:
214:. Instead, Hayek suggested the establishment of a body which could engage in research and reach the intellectuals with reasoned argument. The IEA's first location was a cramped, £3-a-week room with one table and chair at Oliver Smedley's General Management Services, which housed various free-trade organisations at 4 Austin Friars, a few dozen yards from the Stock Exchange in the heart of the City of London.
730:
672:
631:
561:, in 2015 ranked the IEA as one of the top three least transparent think tanks in the UK in relation to funding. The IEA responded by saying "It is a matter for individual donors whether they wish their donation to be public or private – we leave that entirely to their discretion", and that it has not "earmarked money for commissioned research work from any company".
334:
not engage in campaigning or political activity contravening legal or regulatory requirements. The IEA removed the report on 19 November and said it complied with the commission's other guidance by 23 November. IEA trustees were also required to set up a system whereby research reports and launch plans are signed off by trustees.
412:, paid for an IEA report saying that tax havens (such as Jersey) benefited the wider economy, and did not diminish tax revenues in other countries. The report recommended that their status be protected. The IEA did not disclose the funding from Jersey Finance. A similar IEA report about neighbouring
404:
minister, welcoming the investigation into the IEA, said "on the road to Brexit, a small group of establishment figures, funded to the tune of millions, are covertly pursuing a political campaign in favour of extreme free trade, acting in effect as lobbyists for secretive corporate interests...there
329:
The IEA has written policy papers arguing against government funding for pressure groups and charities involved in political campaigning. The IEA does not receive government funding. As a registered charity, the IEA must abide by
Charity Commission rules, that state that "an organisation will not be
500:
The IEA is a registered educational and research charity. The organisation states that it is funded by "voluntary donations from individuals, companies and foundations who want to support its work, plus income from book sales and conferences", and says that it is "independent of any political party
333:
The investigation concluded that one of the IEA's reports on Brexit was too political. The regulator thus asked the IEA to remove the report from its website in early
November 2018 and issued an official warning in February 2019. It required trustees to provide written assurances that the IEA would
321:
In 2018 the IEA's then-director Mark
Littlewood said "We want to totally reframe the debate about the proper role of the state and civil society in our country ... Our true mission is to change the climate of opinion." While there is no corporate view, and while the IEA has a tradition of welcoming
863:
According to the IEA, although not an academic body, the institute's research activities are aided by an international
Academic Advisory Council and a panel of Honorary Fellows. The IEA's work is generally more theoretical than political, and has a refereeing process for all its publications. They
383:
The
Charity Commission, considering that the allegations raised by the recordings were "of a serious nature", on 20 July 2018 opened a regulatory compliance case into the IEA due to concerns about its political independence. Previously, it had become known that the IEA offered potential US donors
379:
reported on 29 July 2018 that the director of the IEA was secretly recorded in May and June. He was recorded telling an undercover reporter that funders could get to know ministers on first-name terms and that his organisation was in "the Brexit influencing game". While seeking funding, Littlewood
245:
was established in
December 1980 as an offshoot of the Institute of Economic Affairs to carry the IEA's economic ideas onto the battleground of sociology. "Within a few years the Social Affairs Unit became independent from the IEA, acquiring its own premises." In 1986, the IEA created a Health and
325:
The IEA is described as a "university without students" because its primary target is not politicians but "the gatekeepers of ideas", namely the intellectuals, academics, and journalists. The IEA believe that a change in the intellectual climate is a pre-condition for any ideological shift within
322:
discussion, debate, and papers from those on the left, the IEA promotes the market and has two prominent themes in its publications: first, a belief in limited government and, second, "the technical (and moral) superiority of markets and competitive pricing in the allocation of scarce resources."
147:(NHS), in favour of a healthcare system with market mechanisms. It has received more than £70,000 from the tobacco industry (although it does not reveal its funders), and a former IEA officer was recorded offering a prospective supporter introductions to policy makers. The IEA is headquartered in
384:
access to ministers while raising funds for research to promote free-trade deals favoured by proponents of a "hard Brexit". The commission has powers to examine IEA financial records, legally compel it to provide information, and disqualify trustees. The IEA denies it has breached charity law.
356:
The IEA published, between 1994 and 2007, "at least four books, as well as multiple articles and papers, ... suggesting manmade climate change may be uncertain or exaggerated climate change is either not significantly driven by human activity or will be positive", according to an
October 2019
844:
Arthur Seldon proposed a series of Papers for economists to explore the neoliberal approach to the issues of the day. Eventually, these emerged as the Hobart Papers; 154 had been published by August 2006. In addition, 32 Hobart
Paperbacks had been released along with 139 Occasional Papers, 61
367:
which concluded that government intervention in the name of sustainability is the major threat to energy sustainability and the provision of affordable, reliable energy to growing economies worldwide. It further advocated that free-market structures and the wealth generated by markets help
436:
was founded to promote a positive message of liberal, supply-side
Conservative renewal. Freer held two meetings at the 2018 Conservative conference (with none in any other political parties' conferences), and remains entirely within the IEA's structural and organisational control.
612:
called the IEA a politically motivated lobbying organisation funded by "dark money", of "questionable provenance, with dubious ideas and validity", staffed by people who are not proper experts on their topic. The IEA complained to the UK media regulator
1446:
Q. House, S. Alkire, A. Ophi, E. House, and M. College, “OPHI WORKING PAPER SERIES Oxford
Poverty & Human Development Initiative, OPHI Department of International Development Winning Ideas: Lessons from free-market economics,” 2007. Available:
237:"imperative that we should give no indication in our literature that we are working to educate the public along certain lines which might be interpreted as having a political bias. ... That is why the first draft is written in rather cagey terms".
949:
As of 2024, the IEA had full and part-time 26 employees, 9 trustees (unpaid volunteers) and 3 former chairmen who serve as life vice presidents; additionally, the IEA has an Academic Advisory Council with dozens of professors and other academics.
1243:
The 's warning said the IEA 'was not sufficiently balanced and neutral, as required by law from charities with educational purposes', and also criticised the free-market think thank for only inviting speakers 'who held a particular set of
337:
Following the IEA's compliance, the Charity Commission withdrew the official warning in June 2019. A compliance case into the IEA remained open, examining concerns about the trustees' management and oversight of the charity's activities.
291:
once said: "...without the IEA and its clones, no Thatcher and quite possibly no Reagan; without Reagan, no Star Wars; without Star Wars, no economic collapse of the Soviet Union. Quite a chain of consequences for a chicken farmer!"
416:
was funded by the financial services industry there. Following this, the IEA said that the funding they received never influenced the conclusions of reports, and that their output was independent and free from conflict of interest.
531:, whilst failing to disclose that he was receiving £54,000 a year from Japan Tobacco International. In response, the IEA said it would introduce an author declaration policy. The IEA also says that it "accepts no tied funding".
864:
note that their papers are subjected to the same refereeing process used by academic journals, and that the views expressed in IEA papers are those of the authors and not of the IEA, its trustees, directors, or advisors.
3285:
504:
The IEA policy is to allow donors to choose whether or not to disclose their funding. Some publish their grants to the IEA; others do not. It has been criticised by health charities and by George Monbiot in
1238:
2309:
275:
During the 1990's the IEA began to focus its research on the effects of regulation and began a student outreach programme. Free market publications, however, continued to be the core activity of the IEA.
448:) spoke at the organisation's launch. Truss called for a neoliberal "Tory revolution" spearheaded by "Uber-riding, Airbnb-ing, Deliveroo-eating freedom-fighters", comments which were criticised by the
210:. Later that year, Fisher visited Hayek at the London School of Economics. Hayek dissuaded Fisher from embarking on a political and parliamentary career to try to prevent the spread of socialism and
2124:
1982:
Academic Identities – Academic Challenges? American and European Experience of the Transformation of Higher Education and Research, Dieter Plehwe, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2011, pp. 172–3
3305:
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by George Winder was published, with Fisher signing the foreword as Director of the IEA. In November 1955, the IEA's Original Trust Deed was signed by Fisher, John Harding and
2318:
Question Time's David Dimbleby finally asked the IEA's associate director, Kate Andrews, about its funding...why are IEA representatives invited on the BBC in the first place?
380:
said that the IEA allowed donors to affect the "salience" of reports and to shape "substantial content". The recording was to be given to the Charity Commission on 30 July.
3300:
135:
world view and advocates positions based on this ideology. It published its first pamphlet in 1955 making the case for the free convertibility of the pound. It published
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Partially disclosed, including Jersey Finance and the John Templeton Foundation, funding from fossil fuel industry, gambling industry, and tobacco industry
2290:
330:
charitable if its purposes are political". In July 2018 the Charity Commission announced that it was to investigate whether the IEA had broken its rules.
2114:
2014:
1994:
1772:
A year later, the Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA) – founded in 1955, originally based in Westminster's Tufton Street, a driving force of Thatcherism
867:
The IEA has also published research in areas including business ethics, economic development, education, pensions, regulation, taxation, and transport.
3118:
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501:
or group". The Charity Commission listed total income of £2.34 million and expenditure of £2.33 million for the financial year ending 31 March 2021.
3310:
2657:
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1380:
966:
226:
3073:
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2470:
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1704:
583:, which was " this access to press ministers on issues ranging from environmental and safety standards to British tax rates." In May 2019, the
523:
also confirmed they provide financial support to the IEA. In 2002, a leaked letter revealed that a prominent IEA member, the right-wing writer
283:
called the IEA "undoubtedly the most influential think tank in modern British history". Damien Cahill, a professor of Political Economy at the
3290:
794:
1654:
1564:
954:
2750:
766:
3074:"Big tobacco secretly bankrolling anti-NHS think tank whose bosses donate thousands to Tory leadership contenders, investigation reveals"
482:– all of whom are Conservative MPs. Freer also holds events and publishes pamphlets for Conservative MPs, and has been referred to the
1919:
650:
2855:
2213:
773:
596:
rated the institute as E, the lowest transparency rating (rating goes from A to E). This was updated to a D rating in December 2023.
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1471:
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for receiving minor funding (less than 5% of revenue) from major tobacco companies whilst campaigning on tobacco industry issues.
3320:
2986:
1801:
450:
255:
2721:
780:
353:, unpaid internships and tax havens. IEA staff are frequently invited by the BBC and other news media to appear on broadcasts.
2542:
564:
Funding to the IEA from the alcohol industry, food industry, and sugar industry has also been documented. IEA Research Fellow
847:
751:
421:
233:
who was initially appointed Editorial Advisor and became the editorial director in 1959. Smedley wrote to Fisher that it was
609:
1229:"Right-wing think tank Institute of Economic Affairs issued with formal warning after Brexit report 'breached charity law'"
2881:
2150:
762:
2310:"A thinktank is finally challenged over its funding on Question Time. But why was it ever given a platform? - The Canary"
1080:
1683:
3138:
2905:
1793:
520:
516:
454:
for failing to take into consideration the quality of employment within the companies mentioned. Conservative blogger
2770:
2015:"Linda Whetstone, evangelist for the free market who also helped to raise standards in British dressage – obituary"
1123:
1010:
405:
are serious questions that high-ranking Conservative ministers must now answer about their dealings with the IEA."
2047:
740:
682:
1301:
1154:
978:
28:
2774:
1757:"'The Dark Heart of Trussonomics: The Mainstreaming of Libertarian Theories of Social Darwinism and Apartheid'"
902:
558:
512:
475:
246:
Welfare Unit to focus on these aspects of social policy. Discussing the IEA's increasing influence under the
3021:
2962:
Impact of Market Forces on Addictive Substances and Behaviours: The web of influence of addictive industries
2803:
1115:
1016:
585:
346:
247:
144:
787:
262:
The arguably most influential think tank in British history... benefited from the close alignment of IEA's
1633:
136:
3139:"Ofcom rules in favour of LBC's James O'Brien over Institute of Economic Affairs 'dark money' comments"
229:(later Lord Harris) began work as part-time General Director in January 1957. He was joined in 1958 by
2621:
2242:
3270:
2052:
1956:
Muller, Christopher (1996). "The Institute of Economic Affairs: Undermining the Post-War Consensus".
466:". The organisation has 24 parliamentary supporters – including prominent figures such as Liz Truss,
463:
284:
515:(BAT) confirmed it had donated £40,000 to the IEA in 2013, £20,000 in 2012 and £10,000 in 2011, and
565:
543:
242:
202:
1724:"Anti-NHS think-tank with links to new health secretary under investigation by charity commission"
3054:
1843:
1508:
547:
483:
350:
196:
309:
In December 2023, Mark Littlewood stood down as the IEA's Director General and was replaced by
3245:
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2830:
2389:
2173:
2022:
1614:
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1306:
892:
303:
617:
that those remarks were inaccurate and unfair. In August 2021, Ofcom rejected the complaint.
424:
concluded in 2019 that the IEA had not participated in consultant lobbying for E Foundation.
170:
economic policies. The IEA has been criticised for operating in a manner closer to that of a
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2820:
2812:
1965:
1835:
1606:
1500:
211:
1926:
1488:
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1466:(1st ed.). Profile Books. pp. 59–90, Chapter 5, Making the Case for the Market.
1233:
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1096:
1088:
984:
922:
912:
593:
296:
287:, has characterised the IEA as, "Britain's oldest and leading neoliberal think tank". Sir
207:
155:
2195:"How To Move a Nation, Could a chicken farmer and two economists change British history?"
2489:"Investigation case summary – Institute of Economic Affairs activities for E Foundation"
2877:
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990:
927:
887:
467:
401:
398:
342:
310:
267:
222:
86:
3100:
2291:"Official warning to Institute of Economic Affairs is withdrawn by Charity Commission"
2194:
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said that the launch "piqued the interest of senior ministers including Michael Gove,
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191:
159:
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3242:
Thinking the unthinkable: think-tanks and the economic counter-revolution, 1931–1983
254:" and the privatisation of public services, Dieter Plehwe, a Research Fellow at the
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1688:
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539:
507:
459:
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441:
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359:
349:(NHS); campaigns against controls on junk food; attacks trades unions; and defends
1262:"Matt Hancock took cash from chairman of 'anti-NHS' Institute of Economic Affairs"
1542:
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1789:
1329:
1104:
1058:
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937:
852:
729:
671:
554:
488:
471:
280:
251:
163:
148:
65:
2471:"Jersey Finance paid for IEA report rubbishing 'hotbeds of tax evasion' claims"
1599:"Universal Healthcare Without the NHS: Towards a Patient-Centred Health System"
2994:
2269:"Regulator issues warning to Institute of Economic Affairs over Brexit report"
2067:"Revealed: rightwing 'slash and burn' ideas that could be blueprint for Truss"
1969:
1863:"TaxPayers' Alliance concedes it launched smears against Brexit whistleblower"
576:
408:
It was also revealed that Jersey Finance, representing financial interests in
387:
It was also revealed that, after the IEA published a report recommending more
263:
167:
132:
121:
3042:
2960:
Miller, David; Harkins, Claire; Schlögl, Matthias; Montague, Brendan (2017).
2816:
2026:
1618:
1576:
1201:
3016:
2411:"Rightwing UK thinktank 'offered ministerial access' to potential US donors"
2388:(1st ed.). London, UK: The Institute of Economic Affairs. p. 144.
2361:"Rightwing UK thinktank 'offered ministerial access' to potential US donors"
1339:
1296:
445:
125:
3050:
2851:
2834:
2452:"This thinktank scandal is another sign that our democracy is under attack"
3119:"LBC's James O'Brien wins Ofcom battle with Institute of Economic Affairs"
2332:"LBC's James O'Brien wins Ofcom battle with Institute of Economic Affairs"
1684:"Health groups dismayed by news 'big tobacco' funded rightwing thinktanks"
2987:"BP and gambling interests fund secretive free market think tank the IEA"
1610:
1176:"Rightwing thinktank breached charity law by campaigning for hard Brexit"
413:
171:
2652:
The Institute of Economic Affairs Limited, registered charity no. 235351
1598:
1999:
1847:
1512:
1335:
Capturing the Political Imagination: Think Tanks and the Policy Process
754: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
589:
revealed that British American Tobacco was continuing to fund the IEA.
162:
in 1955, the IEA was one of the first modern think tanks, and promoted
3034:
1565:"Revealed: top UK thinktank spent decades undermining climate science"
1529:
The End of Laissez-Faire?: On the Durability of Embedded Neoliberalism
2433:"Thinktank faces double investigation after 'cash for access' claims"
2092:
409:
388:
174:
operation than as a genuine think tank. The IEA publishes a journal (
143:
of elements of, and abolition of complete government control of, the
1839:
1504:
2882:"The educational charities that do PR for the rightwing ultra-rich"
2573:"Meet The New Conservative Think-Tanks Hoping To Reboot The Tories"
614:
534:
An organisation called 'American Friends of the IEA' had received
2906:"British think-tanks 'less transparent about sources of funding'"
1880:
1422:
579:
found that the IEA was also receiving funding from the oil giant
3017:"Big tobacco, the new politics, and the threat to public health"
2799:"Pro-tobacco writer admits he should have declared an interest"
2722:"Encouraging independence and enterprise for a healthy old age"
1705:"Thinktank critical of NHS Covid response has links to Hancock"
1174:
Pegg, David; Lawrence, Felicity; Evans, Rob (5 February 2019).
535:
3286:
Political and economic think tanks based in the United Kingdom
2674:
1397:
723:
665:
624:
605:
2516:"Liz Truss speaks freely: we need to be Tories with attitude"
3164:
2933:"How Transparent are Think Tanks about Who Funds Them 2015?"
182:), books and discussion papers, and holds regular lectures.
2696:
580:
363:
article. Specifically, in 2003, the IEA published the book
299:
as its Director General, with effect from 1 December 2009.
3265:
2214:"Sock Puppets: How the government lobbies itself and why"
1547:. Batchworth Press for the Institute of Economic Affairs.
1447:
https://www.ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/OPHI-wp06.pdf
2543:"Tory think tank wars: Bright Blue have the last laugh"
2151:"The new right think tanks and policy change in the UK"
2115:"Dark money lurks at the heart of our political crisis"
2797:
Zosia Kmietowicz; Annabel Ferriman (2 February 2002).
2347:
also noted that O'Brien had indeed invited the on air
568:
disclosed alcohol industry funding in a response to a
250:
government in the 1980s in relation to the "advent of
139:
material between 1994 and 2007, and has advocated for
104:
1202:"'Brexit': IEA offers prize for UK exit plan from EU"
1043:
Members of the Board of Trustees (current and former)
845:
Readings and 61 Research Monographs. They published
372:
Concerns about political independence; investigation
2379:
2377:
1822:Hafer, R.W. (April 1992). "Monetarist Economics ".
592:In November 2022, the funding transparency website
100:
92:
80:
72:
61:
43:
35:
1260:
1227:Cowburn, Ashley; Baynes, Chris (5 February 2019).
2622:"Making the IEA 'Freer' to espouse Tory ideology"
2369:Littlewood told BBC Radio 4 Today's programme ...
1515:– via The University of Chicago Law School.
391:, the casino industry donated £8,000 to the IEA.
302:In September 2022, an associated think tank, the
2751:"Cigarette packaging: the corporate smokescreen"
2178:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
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1914:
1912:
1910:
1908:
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1904:
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1900:
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124:registered as a UK charity. Associated with the
3101:"Who Funds You? Institute for Economic Affairs"
2899:
2897:
529:World Health Organisation's campaign on tobacco
3306:Organisations based in the City of Westminster
2985:Carter, Lawrence; Ross, Alice (30 July 2018).
2846:
2844:
2426:
2424:
1392:
1390:
326:political parties or government institutions.
270:and the priorities of the Thatcher government.
2964:. Oxford University Press. pp. 102–108.
527:, had authored an IEA pamphlet attacking the
368:communities to best adapt to climate change.
8:
2669:
2667:
2469:Robert Booth and David Pegg (31 July 2018).
2160:. Archived from the original on 16 June 2022
1655:"British American Tobacco's response to ASH"
1531:Damien Cahill, Edward Elgar Pub, 2014, p. 12
21:
2566:
2564:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1563:Pegg, David; Evans, Rob (10 October 2019).
659:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3222:. Boston: Kluwer-Nijhoff. pp. 79–87.
2775:"Scruton in media plot to promote smoking"
2615:
2613:
2611:
2595:
2593:
2431:Robert Booth; Rajeev Syal (30 July 2018).
2013:Obituaries, Telegraph (20 December 2021).
1677:
1675:
20:
3301:1955 establishments in the United Kingdom
2824:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1524:
1522:
1145:List of think tanks in the United Kingdom
832:Learn how and when to remove this message
814:Learn how and when to remove this message
712:Learn how and when to remove this message
604:In early 2019, on national radio station
166:right-wing ideology, and free market and
3296:Non-profit organisations based in London
2658:Charity Commission for England and Wales
2644:
2642:
2284:
2282:
1381:Charity Commission for England and Wales
1254:
1252:
1995:Andrew Marr's History of Modern Britain
1861:Cadwalladr, Carole (11 November 2018).
1558:
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1324:
1322:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1276:
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538:215,000 as of 2010 from the U.S.-based
313:under the title of Executive Director.
2792:
2790:
2171:
1742:"Desmog Institute of Economic Affairs"
1649:
1647:
1634:"Universal healthcare without the NHS"
1632:Kristian Niemietz (14 December 2016).
692:Please improve this section by adding
3316:Advocacy groups in the United Kingdom
2955:
2953:
2604:. No. 1490. February–March 2019.
2144:
2142:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1377:The Institute of Economic Affairs Ltd
575:In October 2018, an investigation by
440:Cabinet ministers and MPs (including
7:
2858:from the original on 1 February 2016
1722:Matthews-King, Alex (12 July 2018).
1703:Siddique, Haroon (9 February 2021).
1493:The University of Chicago Law Review
752:adding citations to reliable sources
3072:Matthews-King, Alex (16 May 2019).
2773:; Julian Borger (24 January 2002).
2308:Funnell, Joshua (4 November 2018).
1544:The Free Convertibility of Sterling
345:, the IEA supports privatising the
295:In October 2009, the IEA appointed
219:The Free Convertibility of Sterling
2267:Ricketts, Andy (5 February 2019).
2127:from the original on 31 March 2019
1464:Antony Fisher: Champion of Liberty
1259:Courea, Eleni (10 February 2021).
1241:from the original on 3 June 2019.
1028:Professor D.R. Myddelton 2001–2015
14:
3015:Gornall, Jonathan (15 May 2019).
1755:Ahmed, Nafeez (10 October 2022).
1597:Niemietz, Kristian Peter (2016).
1489:"The Intellectuals and Socialism"
998:Chairmen of the Board of Trustees
640:This section has multiple issues.
550:which support right-wing causes.
2620:Hughes, Solomon (5 April 2018).
2289:Weakley, Kirsty (28 June 2019).
2193:Blundell, John (February 1987).
2149:Tesseyman, Andrew James (1999).
2113:Monbiot, George (18 July 2018).
1802:British Broadcasting Corporation
728:
670:
629:
256:WZB Berlin Social Science Center
27:
3311:Think-tanks established in 1955
2677:. Institute of Economic Affairs
2330:Waterson, Jim (9 August 2021).
763:"Institute of Economic Affairs"
739:needs additional citations for
648:or discuss these issues on the
432:In March 2018 the IEA offshoot
120:) is a right-wing, free market
3220:Economics: After the New Right
2493:registrarofconsultantlobbyists
2359:Booth, Robert (30 July 2018).
848:The Denationalization of Money
1:
3266:Institute of Economic Affairs
3194:Institute of Economic Affairs
3169:Institute of Economic Affairs
2701:Institute of Economic Affairs
2571:Bennett, Owen (24 May 2018).
2450:Jon Trickett (31 July 2018).
2409:Robert Booth (29 July 2018).
2386:Climate Alarmism Reconsidered
1682:Doward, Jamie (1 June 2013).
1638:Institute of Economic Affairs
1427:Institute of Economic Affairs
1402:Institute of Economic Affairs
694:secondary or tertiary sources
365:Climate Alarmism Reconsidered
114:Institute of Economic Affairs
22:Institute of Economic Affairs
3291:Economic research institutes
1958:Contemporary British History
1487:Hayek, F. A. (Spring 1949).
1293:Think-Tanks of the New Right
279:In 2007, British journalist
3190:"Academic Advisory Council"
2514:Steerpike (20 March 2018).
2384:Bradley, Robert L. (2003).
521:Japan Tobacco International
517:Philip Morris International
154:Founded by businessman and
49:; 69 years ago
3342:
2048:Interview: Mark Littlewood
1338:(First ed.). London:
2726:John Templeton Foundation
2541:Steerpike (29 May 2018).
2216:. IEA Discussion Paper 39
1970:10.1080/13619469608581370
1824:Southern Economic Journal
1155:Economists for Free Trade
557:, which is funded by the
26:
3326:Neoliberal organizations
3218:Bosanquet, Nick (1983).
2817:10.1136/bmj.324.7332.257
1295:. Aldershot/Brookfield:
559:Open Society Foundations
513:British American Tobacco
131:The IEA subscribes to a
3321:Libertarian think tanks
3022:British Medical Journal
2804:British Medical Journal
1603:SSRN Electronic Journal
1541:Winder, George (1955).
1291:Denham, Andrew (1996).
1116:Harold Rose (economist)
1017:Harold Rose (economist)
586:British Medical Journal
570:British Medical Journal
347:National Health Service
178:), a student magazine (
145:National Health Service
2852:"Peer Review Protocol"
2212:Snowden, Christopher.
1462:Frost, Gerald (2002).
1109:Sir Michael Richardson
681:relies excessively on
272:
239:
200:that was a summary of
76:London, United Kingdom
2241:. IEA. Archived from
1792:(13 September 2011).
945:Personnel and Fellows
422:register of lobbyists
260:
235:
137:climate change denial
16:Neoliberal think-tank
2880:(18 February 2013).
2236:"Who funds you? FAQ"
1611:10.2139/ssrn.3852868
903:Terence W. Hutchison
748:improve this article
492:for political bias.
285:University of Sydney
2577:The Huffington Post
2248:on 14 December 2018
1794:"The Curse of Tina"
1052:Christian Bjornskov
1037:Linda Edwards 2023–
566:Christopher Snowdon
548:donor-advised funds
544:Donors Capital Fund
351:zero-hour contracts
268:corporate interests
243:Social Affairs Unit
203:The Road to Serfdom
194:read an article in
151:, London, England.
23:
484:Charity Commission
258:, has written that
82:Executive Director
3244:. Fontana Press.
3117:(9 August 2021).
3035:10.1136/bmj.l2164
2295:CIVILSOCIETY news
2056:, 26 January 2014
2046:Robert Walmsley,
1992:"New Britannia".
1920:"IEA: Chronology"
1023:Sir Peter Walters
961:Directors-General
893:James M. Buchanan
842:
841:
834:
824:
823:
816:
798:
722:
721:
714:
663:
572:article in 2014.
462:and Brexit brain
304:Free Market Forum
110:
109:
3333:
3255:
3238:Cockett, Richard
3233:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3175:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3145:. 10 August 2021
3135:
3129:
3128:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2957:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2943:
2937:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2904:Neville, Sarah.
2901:
2892:
2891:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2848:
2839:
2838:
2828:
2794:
2785:
2784:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2749:(15 July 2013).
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2671:
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2661:
2646:
2637:
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2617:
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2605:
2597:
2588:
2587:
2585:
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2556:
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2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2511:
2505:
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2500:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2466:
2460:
2459:
2447:
2441:
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2428:
2419:
2418:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2381:
2372:
2371:
2356:
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2327:
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2320:
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2298:
2286:
2277:
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2258:
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2255:
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2240:
2232:
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2225:
2223:
2221:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2177:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2155:
2146:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2110:
2097:
2096:
2093:"Tom Clougherty"
2089:
2083:
2082:
2080:
2078:
2073:. 6 October 2022
2063:
2057:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1953:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1931:
1925:. Archived from
1924:
1916:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1858:
1852:
1851:
1819:
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1629:
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1394:
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1384:
1373:
1367:
1361:
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1358:
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1326:
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1288:
1271:
1270:
1264:
1256:
1247:
1246:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1171:
1085:Malcolm McAlpine
955:Matthew Sinclair
876:Honorary Fellows
837:
830:
819:
812:
808:
805:
799:
797:
756:
732:
724:
717:
710:
706:
703:
697:
674:
666:
655:
633:
632:
625:
420:Separately, the
317:Purpose and aims
212:central planning
176:Economic Affairs
57:
55:
50:
31:
24:
3341:
3340:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3276:
3275:
3262:
3252:
3236:
3230:
3217:
3214:
3212:Further reading
3209:
3208:
3198:
3196:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3173:
3171:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3148:
3146:
3143:The Independent
3137:
3136:
3132:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3084:
3082:
3079:The Independent
3071:
3070:
3066:
3014:
3013:
3009:
2999:
2997:
2984:
2983:
2979:
2972:
2959:
2958:
2951:
2941:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2916:
2914:
2911:Financial Times
2903:
2902:
2895:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2861:
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2849:
2842:
2796:
2795:
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2764:
2745:
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2740:
2730:
2728:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2705:
2703:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2680:
2678:
2675:"about the IEA"
2673:
2672:
2665:
2648:
2647:
2640:
2630:
2628:
2619:
2618:
2609:
2600:"Stink tanks".
2599:
2598:
2591:
2581:
2579:
2570:
2569:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2549:. The Spectator
2540:
2539:
2535:
2525:
2523:
2522:. The Spectator
2513:
2512:
2508:
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2211:
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2206:
2199:Reason Magazine
2192:
2191:
2187:
2170:
2163:
2161:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2140:
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2112:
2111:
2100:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2076:
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2065:
2064:
2060:
2045:
2041:
2031:
2029:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2002:. 19 June 2007.
1991:
1990:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1955:
1954:
1945:
1935:
1933:
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1922:
1918:
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1896:
1886:
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1860:
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1855:
1840:10.2307/1060253
1832:Wiley-Blackwell
1821:
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1816:
1806:
1804:
1788:
1787:
1778:
1765:
1763:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1728:The Independent
1721:
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1505:10.2307/1597903
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1350:
1328:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1299:. pp. 1–7
1290:
1289:
1274:
1258:
1257:
1250:
1234:The Independent
1226:
1225:
1221:
1211:
1209:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1185:
1183:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1141:
1136:
1129:Linda Whetstone
1112:Martin Ricketts
1097:Mark Pennington
1093:David Myddelton
1089:Patrick Minford
1045:
1040:
1000:
985:Mark Littlewood
963:
947:
942:
923:Vernon L. Smith
913:Alan T. Peacock
878:
873:
861:
838:
827:
826:
825:
820:
809:
803:
800:
757:
755:
745:
733:
718:
707:
701:
698:
691:
687:primary sources
675:
634:
630:
623:
602:
553:The think tank
498:
464:Shanker Singham
430:
374:
319:
297:Mark Littlewood
274:
208:Friedrich Hayek
197:Reader's Digest
188:
156:battery farming
83:
53:
51:
48:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3339:
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3329:
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3308:
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3298:
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3278:
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3273:
3268:
3261:
3260:External links
3258:
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3156:
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2893:
2878:George Monbiot
2869:
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2786:
2762:
2747:George Monbiot
2738:
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2688:
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2607:
2589:
2560:
2533:
2506:
2495:. 10 June 2019
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1964:(1): 88–110 .
1943:
1932:on 9 June 2011
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1499:(3): 417–433.
1479:
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1386:
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1362:
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1342:. p. 22.
1318:
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1208:. 15 July 2013
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991:Tom Clougherty
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928:Gordon Tullock
925:
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888:Samuel Brittan
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871:Notable people
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594:Who Funds You?
497:
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468:Chris Skidmore
429:
426:
402:Cabinet Office
373:
370:
343:George Monbiot
318:
315:
311:Tom Clougherty
223:Oliver Smedley
217:In June 1955,
187:
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87:Tom Clougherty
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3229:0-89838-135-5
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3166:
3160:
3157:
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3116:
3115:Waterson, Jim
3110:
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2971:9780198753261
2967:
2963:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2938:. Transparify
2934:
2928:
2925:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2879:
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2857:
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2832:
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2818:
2814:
2811:(7332): 257.
2810:
2806:
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2800:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2782:
2781:
2776:
2772:
2771:Kevin Maguire
2766:
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2757:
2752:
2748:
2742:
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2727:
2723:
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2395:0-255-36541-1
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2043:
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2028:
2024:
2020:
2019:The Telegraph
2016:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1998:. Episode 5.
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1971:
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2158:core.ac.uk
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1660:. June 2014
1432:20 February
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1101:Bruno Prior
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1055:Robert Boyd
1032:Neil Record
938:Basil Yamey
853:F. A. Hayek
702:August 2023
555:Transparify
489:Private Eye
476:Ben Bradley
472:Priti Patel
281:Andrew Marr
252:Thatcherism
164:Thatcherite
149:Westminster
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2995:Greenpeace
2731:23 January
2706:23 January
2681:29 October
2499:10 October
2341:25 October
2314:The Canary
2123:. London.
1936:20 January
1800:. London:
1766:12 October
1582:10 October
1398:"About Us"
1379:(Report).
1355:15 October
1237:. London.
1186:15 October
1161:References
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1049:Kevin Bell
774:newspapers
683:references
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