1240:). A slight performance increase was achieved in late 2004 by increasing the bus speed from 800 MT/s to 1066 MT/s, resulting in a 3.46 GHz Pentium 4 Extreme Edition. By most metrics, this was on a per-clock basis the fastest single-core NetBurst processor that was ever produced, even outperforming many of its successor chips (not counting the dual-core Pentium D). Afterwards, the Pentium 4 Extreme Edition was migrated to the Prescott core. The new 3.73 GHz Extreme Edition had the same features as a 6x0-sequence Prescott 2M, but with a 1066 MT/s bus. In practice however, the 3.73 GHz Pentium 4 Extreme Edition almost always proved to be slower than the 3.46 GHz Pentium 4 Extreme Edition, which is most likely due to the lack of an L3 cache and the longer instruction pipeline. The only advantage the 3.73 GHz Pentium 4 Extreme Edition had over the 3.46 GHz Pentium 4 Extreme Edition was the ability to run 64-bit applications since all Gallatin-based Pentium 4 Extreme Edition processors lacked the Intel 64 (then known as EM64T) instruction set.
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The
Prescott's microarchitecture allowed slightly higher clock speeds, but not nearly as high as Intel had anticipated. The fastest mass-produced Prescott-based Pentium 4s were clocked at 3.8 GHz. While Northwood ultimately achieved clock speeds 70% higher than Willamette, Prescott only scaled 12% beyond Northwood. Prescott's inability to achieve greater clock speeds was attributed to the very high power consumption and heat output of the processor. This led to the processor receiving the nickname "PresHot" on forums. In fact, Prescott's power and heat characteristics were only slightly higher than those of Northwood of the same speed and nearly equal to the Gallatin-based Extreme Editions, but since those processors had already been operating near the limits of what was considered thermally acceptable, this still posed a major issue.
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bandwidth numbers reached by Intel were well out of range for the Athlon's EV6 bus. Hypothetically, EV6 could have achieved the same bandwidth numbers, but only at speeds unreachable at the time. Intel's higher bandwidth proved useful in benchmarks for streaming operations, and Intel marketing wisely capitalized on this as a tangible improvement over AMD's desktop processors. Northwood 2.4 GHz, 2.6 GHz and 2.8 GHz variants were released on May 21, 2003. A 3.2 GHz variant was launched on June 23, 2003 and the final 3.4 GHz version arrived on
February 2, 2004.
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1340:(520–560), and the LGA 775 version of the A-series uses model numbers 5x5 and 5x9 (505–519). The fastest, the 570J and 571, is clocked at 3.8 GHz. Plans to mass-produce a 4 GHz Pentium 4 were cancelled by Intel in favor of dual core processors, although some European retailers claimed to be selling a Pentium 4 580, clocked at 4 GHz. The E-series Prescott, as well as the low-end 517 and 524, incorporates Hyper-Threading in order to speed up some processes that use multithreaded software, such as video editing.
1313:, which were also criticized. Tests showed that a given Pentium 4 made for LGA 775 consumed more power and produced more heat than the exact same chip in a socket 478 package. The BTX form factor, meanwhile, showed signs of having been designed for the sole purpose of managing the Prescott's heat output at the expense of other components and concerns, such as blowing hot air from the CPU directly into the graphics card's heatsink/fan. These magnified the perception of Prescott as an excessively hot chip.
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1594:, which was scheduled for an early-mid-2005 release. However, it was cancelled a few months after the release of Prescott due to extremely high TDPs (a 2.8 GHz Tejas emitted 150 W of heat, compared to around 80 W for a Northwood of the same speed, and 100 W for a comparably clocked Prescott) and development on the NetBurst microarchitecture as a whole ceased, with the exception of the dual-core Pentium D, Pentium Extreme Edition and the Cedar Mill-based Pentium 4 HT.
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1402:(for processors at 3.6 GHz and above), and 2 MB of L2 cache. However, AnandTech found that this resulted in 17% higher cache latency compared to Prescott, which combined with the lack of consumer-targeted programs requiring more cache, largely negated the advantage that added cache introduced. Rather than being a targeted speed boost the double size cache was intended to provide the same space and hence performance for
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competitive (as AMD introduced faster versions of the Athlon XP) but most observers agreed that the fastest-clocked
Northwood-based Pentium 4 was usually ahead of its rival. This was particularly so in mid-2002, when AMD's changeover to its 130 nm production process did not help the initial "Thoroughbred A" revision Athlon XP CPUs to clock high enough to overcome the advantages of Northwood in the 2.4 to 2.8 GHz range.
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execute through a single physical processor core, the goal is to best utilize processor resources that would have otherwise been unused from the traditional approach of having these single instructions wait for each other to execute singularly through the core. This initial 3.06 GHz 533FSB Pentium 4 Hyper-Threading enabled processor was known as
Pentium 4 HT and was introduced to mass market by Gateway in November 2002.
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balanced performance of the Athlon 64 (particularly the non-FX version) led to it usually being seen as the better value proposition. Nonetheless, the
Extreme Edition did achieve Intel's apparent aim, which was to prevent AMD from being the performance champion with the new Athlon 64, which was winning every single major benchmark over the existing Pentium 4s.
1217:. The design was mostly identical to Pentium 4 (to the extent that it would run in the same motherboards), but differed by an added 2 MB of level 3 cache. It shared the same Gallatin core as the Xeon MP, though in a Socket 478 form factor (as opposed to Socket 603 for the Xeon MP) and with an 800 MT/s bus, twice as fast as that of the Xeon MP.
1030:. Although introduced at prices of $ 644 (1.4 GHz) and $ 819 (1.5 GHz) for 1000 quantities to OEM PC manufacturers (prices for models for the consumer market varied by retailer), it sold at a modest but respectable rate, handicapped somewhat by the requirement for relatively fast yet expensive Rambus Dynamic RAM (
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In
January 2001, a still slower 1.3 GHz model was added to the range, but over the next twelve months, Intel gradually started reducing AMD's leadership in performance. In April 2001 a 1.7 GHz Pentium 4 was launched, the first model to provide performance clearly superior to the old Pentium
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for the first time, which one analyst described as "a major reworking of the
Pentium 4's microarchitecture." Despite this overhaul, the performance gains were inconsistent. Some programs benefited from Prescott's doubled cache and SSE3 instructions, whereas others were harmed by its longer pipeline.
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Willamette, the project codename for the first NetBurst microarchitecture implementation, experienced long delays in the completion of its design process. The project was started in 1998, when Intel saw the
Pentium II as their permanent line. At that time, the Willamette core was expected to operate
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enabled Cedar Mill processors with model numbers 633 to 663, but these were later cancelled and replaced by models 631 to 661 without VT-x, the extra 1 added to the model number distinguishing them from the 90 nm
Prescott cores operating at the same frequencies. Cedar Mill processors ranged in
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Technology that was first supported in Foster-based Xeons. This began the convention of virtual processors (or virtual cores) under x86 by enabling multiple threads to be run at the same time on the same physical processor. By shuffling two (ideally differing) program instructions to simultaneously
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64-bit extensions to the x86 architecture, but the initial models shipped with their 64-bit capability disabled. Intel stated that it did not intend to release 64-bit CPUs in retail channels, instead releasing the 64-bit capable F-series to OEMs only. However, they were later made available to the
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According to Bob
Bentley, presenting on behalf of Intel at the 38th annual Design Automation Conference, "The microarchitecture of the Pentium 4 processor is significantly more complex than any previous IA-32 microprocessor, so the challenge of validating the logical correctness of the design in a
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was released to address the problem of putting a full desktop Pentium 4 processor into a laptop, which some manufacturers were doing. The Mobile Pentium 4 used a 533 MT/s FSB, following the desktop Pentium 4's evolution. Oddly, increasing the bus speed by 133 MT/s (33 MHz) caused a
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The added cache generally resulted in a noticeable performance increase in most processor intensive applications. Multimedia encoding and certain games benefited the most, with the Extreme Edition outperforming the Pentium 4, and even the two Athlon 64 variants, although the lower price and more
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massive increase in TDPs, as mobile Pentium 4 processors emitted 59.8–70 W of heat, with the Hyper-Threading variants emitting 66.1–88 W. This allowed the mobile Pentium 4 to bridge the gap between the desktop Pentium 4 (up to 115 W TDP), and the Pentium 4 M (up to 35 W TDP).
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Overclocking early stepping Northwood cores yielded a startling phenomenon. While core voltage approaching 1.7 V and above would often allow substantial additional gains in overclocking headroom, the processor would slowly (over several months or even weeks) become more unstable over time with a
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application's instruction mix, clock speed is a simple measurement yielding a single absolute number. Unsophisticated buyers would simply consider the processor with the highest clock speed to be the best product, and the Pentium 4 had the fastest clock speed. Because AMD's processors had slower
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Although never a particularly good seller, especially since it was released in a time when AMD was asserting near total dominance in the processor performance race, the Pentium 4 Extreme Edition established a new position within Intel's product line, that of an enthusiast oriented chip with the
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speeds are increased (which runs the potential risks of erratic behaviors such as reliability and stability issues). Only the Socket 775/LGA 775 versions of the Pentium 4 Extreme Edition, as well as the Pentium Extreme Edition (Smithfield) and Engineering Sample CPUs have unlocked multipliers.
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was some times used by people worried about damaging the core. Overclockers sometimes removed the IHS from Socket 423 and Socket 478 chips to allow for more direct heat transfer. On Socket 478 Prescott processors and processors using the Socket LGA 775 (Socket T) interface, the IHS is directly
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support, and the low-end A-series, with a 533 MT/s FSB and Hyper-Threading disabled. LGA 775 Prescott CPUs use a rating system, labeling them as the 5xx series (Celeron Ds are the 3xx series, while Pentium Ms are the 7xx series). The LGA 775 version of the E-series uses model numbers 5x0
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The Pentium 4 HT's increase to a 200 MHz quad-pumped bus (200 x 4 = 800 MHz effective) greatly helped to satisfy the bandwidth requirements the NetBurst architecture desired for reaching optimal performance. While the Athlon XP architecture was less dependent on bandwidth, the
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to 533 MT/s (133 MHz physical clock) for the 2.26 GHz, 2.4 GHz, and 2.53 GHz models in May, 2.66 GHz and 2.8 GHz models in August, and 3.06 GHz model in November. With Northwood, the Pentium 4 came of age. The battle for performance leadership remained
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that began to occur as the die reached the 90 nm lithography and smaller. This new power leakage phenomenon, along with the standard thermal output, created cooling and clock scaling problems as clock speeds increased. Reacting to these unexpected obstacles, Intel attempted several core
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On November 20, 2000, Intel released the Willamette-based Pentium 4 clocked at 1.4 and 1.5 GHz. Most industry experts regarded the initial release as a stopgap product, introduced before it was truly ready. According to these experts, the Pentium 4 was released because the competing
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While Intel maintained that the Extreme Edition was aimed at gamers, critics viewed it as an attempt to steal the Athlon 64's launch thunder, nicknaming it the "Emergency Edition". With a price tag of $ 1000, it was also referred to as the "Expensive Edition" and "Extremely Expensive".
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Unlike the desktop Pentium 4, the Pentium 4 M did not feature an integrated heat spreader (IHS), and it operates at a lower voltage. The lower voltage means lower power consumption, and in turn less heat. However, according to Intel specifications, the Pentium 4 M had a maximum thermal
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microarchitecture. On January 5, 2006, Intel launched the Core processors, which put greater emphasis on energy efficiency and performance per clock cycle. The final NetBurst-derived products were released in 2007, with all subsequent product families switching exclusively to the Core
1034:). The Pentium III remained Intel's top selling processor line, with the Athlon also selling slightly better than the Pentium 4. While Intel bundled two RDRAM modules with each boxed Pentium 4, it did not facilitate Pentium 4 sales and was not considered a true solution by many.
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On April 14, 2003, Intel officially launched the new Pentium 4 HT processor. This processor used an 800 MT/s FSB (200 MHz physical clock), was clocked at 3 GHz, and had Hyper-Threading technology. This was meant to help the Pentium 4 better compete with AMD's
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which contained decoded microoperations rather than instructions with advantage of eliminating instruction decoding bottleneck so that the design can use RISC technology. This came with a disadvantage of less compact cache taking up more chip space and consuming power.
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floating-point instructions, the Pentium 4 would merely match or run slower than its predecessor. Its main downfall was a shared unidirectional bus. The NetBurst microarchitecture consumed more power and emitted more heat than any previous Intel or
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Contrary to popular belief, however, the Socket 478 versions of the Pentium 4 Extreme Edition CPUs such as the Gallatin-based Pentium 4 Extreme Edition for Socket 478 all have a locked multiplier, meaning that they are not overclockable unless the
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instead of RDRAM. The fact that SDRAM was so much cheaper caused the Pentium 4's sales to grow considerably. The new chipset allowed the Pentium 4 to quickly replace the Pentium III, becoming the top-selling mainstream processor on the market.
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On the test bench, the Willamette was somewhat disappointing to analysts in that not only was it unable to outperform the Athlon and the highest-clocked Pentium IIIs in all testing situations, but it was not superior to the budget segment's
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line of processors. Meanwhile, with the launch of the Athlon XP 3200+ in AMD's desktop line, AMD increased the Athlon XP's FSB speed from 333 MT/s to 400 MT/s, but it was not enough to hold off the new 3 GHz Pentium 4 HT.
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fabrication process. Making the processor out of smaller transistors means that it can run at higher clock speeds and produce less heat. In the same month boards utilizing the 845 chipset were released with enabled support for
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magazine called it "the fastest CPU – for programs that fit entirely in cache". Computer-savvy buyers avoided Pentium 4 PCs due to their price premium, questionable benefit, and initial restriction to Rambus'
628:. In terms of product marketing, the Pentium 4's singular emphasis on clock frequency (above all else) made it a marketer's dream. The result of this was that the NetBurst microarchitecture was often referred to as a
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most notably) and explored new manufacturing technologies, such as using multiple cores, increasing FSB speeds, increasing the cache size, and using a longer instruction pipeline along with higher clock speeds.
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In January 2002, Intel released Pentium 4s with a new core codenamed Northwood at speeds of 1.6 GHz, 1.8 GHz, 2 GHz and 2.2 GHz. Northwood (product code 80532) combined an increase in the
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frequency from 3.0 to 3.6 GHz, down from the 3.8 GHz maximum of the Prescott-based 670 and 672. Overclockers managed to exceed 8 GHz with these processors using liquid nitrogen cooling.
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by various computing websites and publications during the life of the Pentium 4. It was also called "NetBust", a term popular with reviewers who reflected negatively upon the processor's performance.
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microarchitecture were unclear. With carefully optimized application code, the first Pentium 4s outperformed Intel's fastest Pentium III (clocked at 1.13 GHz at the time), as expected. But in
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was outperforming the aging Pentium III, and further improvements to the Pentium III were not yet possible. This Pentium 4 was produced using a 180 nm process and initially used
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generations. However, the clock speed of processors using the NetBurst microarchitecture reached a maximum of 3.8 GHz. Intel had not anticipated a rapid upward scaling of
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Technology, codenamed Vanderpool) enabled. Intel only released two models of this Prescott 2M category: 662 and 672, running at 3.6 GHz and 3.8 GHz, respectively.
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In March 2003, the Pentium 4 M, the mobile version of the Pentium 4, was discontinued after suffering from heat and power consumption problems and was replaced by the
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of 86 W. The D0 stepping in late 2006 reduced this to 65 watts. It has a 65 nm core and features the same 31-stage pipeline as Prescott, 800 MT/s FSB,
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highest-end specifications offered by Intel chips, along with unlocked multipliers to allow for easier overclocking. In this role it has since been succeeded by the
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487:) to Intel 64. Intel's official launch of Intel 64 (under the name EM64T at that time) in mainstream desktop processors was the N0 stepping Prescott-2M.
615:(the fastest-clocked model was clocked at 1.2 GHz at the time) easily outperformed the Pentium 4, which would only catch up if software was re-compiled with
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Intel, by the first quarter of 2005, released a new Prescott core with 6x0 numbering, codenamed Prescott 2M. It is also sometimes known by the name of its
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which provided double the bandwidth of PC133 SDRAM, and alleviated the associated high costs of using Rambus RDRAM for maximal performance with Pentium 4.
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The Prescott Pentium 4 contains 125 million transistors and has a die area of 112 mm. It was fabricated in a 90 nm process with seven levels of
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carbon-doped silicon oxide (CDO) dielectric, which is also known as organosilicate glass (OSG). The Prescott was first fabricated at the D1C development
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revision, with each Presler CPU consisting of two Cedar Mill cores on the same chip package. Cedar Mill had a lower heat output than Prescott, with a
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On December 7, 2007, Intel discontinued orders for the Pentium 4 processor. The last shipments were made on August 8, 2008, along with the Pentium D.
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is about 35 watts in most applications. This lowered power consumption was due to lowered core voltage, and other features mentioned previously.
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III. July saw 1.6 and 1.8 GHz models and in August 2001, Intel released 1.9 and 2 GHz Pentium 4s. In the same month, they released the
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of the Prescotts, being sold on the OEM market as the Pentium 4, model F. The E0 revision also adds eXecute Disable (XD) (Intel's name for the
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was the Prescott (90 nm) (February 2004), but this feature was not enabled. Intel subsequently began selling 64-bit Pentium 4s using the
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In September 2003, at the Intel Developer Forum, the Pentium 4 Extreme Edition (P4EE) was announced, just over a week before the launch of
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In January 2004, a 3.4 GHz version was released for Socket 478, and in Summer 2004 the CPU was released using the new Socket 775 (
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general public as the 5x1 series. A number of low-end Intel 64-enabled Prescotts, with 533 MHz FSB speed, were also released.
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Intel's naming conventions made it difficult at the time of the processor's release to identify the processor model. There was the
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As a result, the Pentium 4's introduction was met with mixed reviews: Developers disliked the Pentium 4, as it posed a new set of
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size from 256 KB to 512 KB (increasing the transistor count from 42 million to 55 million) with a transition to a new
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At the launch of the Pentium 4, Intel stated that NetBurst-based processors were expected to scale to 10 GHz after several
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These solutions failed, and from 2003 to 2005, Intel shifted development away from NetBurst to focus on the cooler-running
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and NetBurst microarchitectures, Intel could not market Willamette as a Pentium III, so it was marketed as the Pentium 4.
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timely fashion was indeed a daunting one." He hired a team of 60 recent graduates to help with testing and validation.
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brands. These came under the code names Smithfield and Presler for the 90 nm and 65 nm parts respectively.
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brand, released in 2006. The first chips implementing it (in 65 nm) were released in January 2007 with the
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to get executed. Models supporting XD bit include the 5x0J and 5x1 series as well as the low-end 5x5J and 5x6.
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The Prescott microarchitecture was designed to support Intel 64, Intel's implementation of the AMD-developed
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degradation in maximum stable clock speed before dying and becoming totally unusable. This became known as
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Originally, Intel released two Prescott lines on Socket 478: the E-series, with an 800 MT/s FSB and
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was released while Willamette was still being finished. Due to the radical differences between the
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A 2.4 GHz Pentium 4 was released on April 2, 2002, and the bus speed increased from 400
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Sudden Overclocked Northwood Death Syndrome. Is It Strange That Overclocked CPUs Eventually Die?
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2440:"Intel Pentium 4 Processor 672 supporting HT Technology (2M Cache, 3.80 GHz, 800 MHz FSB)"
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On February 1, 2004, Intel introduced a new core codenamed Prescott. The core used the
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rating of 100 degrees C, approximately 40 degrees higher than the desktop Pentium 4.
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Glaskowsky, Peter N. (2 February 2004). "Prescott Pushes Pipelining Limits".
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2163:"Review: Intel Prescott Pentium 4 Processor - Page 7 of 15 - ExtremeTech"
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servers and workstations. In 2005, the Pentium 4 was complemented by the
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feature. This technology, introduced to the x86 architecture by AMD as
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rules. For example, in mathematical applications, AMD's lower-clocked
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On November 14, 2005, Intel released Prescott 2M processors with VT (
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DAC '01: Proceedings of the 38th annual Design Automation Conference
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mobile processors, with the underlying microarchitecture being the
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mobile chip, the Pentium 4 M, the Mobile Pentium 4, and then the
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clock speeds, it countered Intel's marketing advantage with the "
3635:
3452:
3322:
3300:
3096:
1465:
1387:
1371:
616:
499:
465:
457:
256:
252:
229:
2652:
960:
Pentium 4 1.5 GHz (Willamette) with Intel 850 chipset
3229:
3181:
2968:
1501:
643:. While IPC is difficult to quantify due to dependence on the
601:
596:
528:
225:
30:
For a complete list of all Pentium 4-branded processors, see
2269:
Intel Pentium 4 Processor supporting HT Technology 3.40E GHz
2182:"Intel Pentium 4 Extremely Expensive Edition to ship Monday"
929:
soldered to the die or dies, making it difficult to remove.
1579:
In May 2005, Intel released dual-core processors under the
1305:
The release of Prescott also coincided with the launch of
1590:
The original successor to the Pentium 4 was (codenamed)
1359:, can help prevent certain types of malicious code from
2516:"Intel's 65nm Gameplan: Presler and Cedar Mill Updates"
2462:"Intel to add Enhanced SpeedStep to 65nm desktop chips"
1161:) was released on April 23, 2002, and included Intel's
1070:
A 'Northwood' core Pentium 4 processor. At left is the
468:
and later 64-bit technology. Later versions introduced
2572:
The future of Prescott: when Moore gives you lemons...
2488:"Intel On the Offensive: Roadmap Details and Analysis"
1351:
The E0 stepping of the Prescott series introduced the
1778:"Intel intros 3.0 GHz quad-core Xeon, drops Pentiums"
1390:
derivative, Irwindale. It features Hyper-Threading,
998:
at frequencies up to about 1 GHz. However, the
3736:
3676:
3488:
3286:
3228:
3179:
3146:
3116:
3109:
3035:
3028:
2967:
2867:
2822:
2813:
2686:
2344:
IT Infrastructure – Intel Resources for IT Managers
475:The first Pentium 4-branded processor to implement
406:
377:
367:
362:
333:
328:
302:
268:
263:
240:
219:
207:
202:
194:
186:
175:
170:
159:
145:
140:
126:
118:
108:
76:
58:
53:
3541:
2544:. NordicHardware. January 22, 2007. Archived from
2056:
2054:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2062:Pentium 4 'Northwood' 2.2 GHz vs. Athlon XP 2000+
1597:The real successor to the Pentium 4 brand is the
1370:The Prescott processors are the first to support
635:The two classical metrics of CPU performance are
2593:The Microarchitecture of the Pentium 4 Processor
1946:The microarchitecture of Intel, AMD and VIA CPUs
679:Pentium 4 HT Prescott 3.0 GHz on Socket 478
587:In benchmark evaluations, the advantages of the
2542:"OC Team Italy sets a new world record at 8GHz"
2223:Pentium 4 Prescott 3GHz w/1MB L2 cache question
1924:"The future of Intel's manufacturing processes"
1617:) desktop processors and in late 2007 with the
1074:(black square in the center), and at right the
663:Pentium 4 Willamette 1.5 GHz on Socket 423
490:Intel also marketed a version of their low-end
2134:"Mobile Intel Pentium 4 Processor-M Datasheet"
2664:
2313:"Intel Says No to 64-bit Pentium 4 in Retail"
1050:The Willamette code name is derived from the
671:Pentium 4 Prescott 2.4 GHz on Socket 478
8:
2032:"The Pentium 4 gets SDRAM: Two new chipsets"
2025:
2023:
1332:and was later moved to F11X production fab.
39:
1951:(Report). Technical University of Denmark.
1939:
1937:
1536:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
991:), top and bottom side showing contact pins
3113:
3032:
2819:
2671:
2657:
2649:
2609:
2075:AMD's Athlon XP 2800+ and NVIDIA's nForce2
1804:"Product Change Notification, 107779 - 00"
1752:"Intel Introduces The Pentium 4 Processor"
1687:"Product Change Notification, 107779 - 00"
1670:"Product Change Notification, 107779 - 00"
1285:Pentium 4 2.40A – Prescott
1054:region of Oregon, where a large number of
729:
652:" campaign. AMD product marketing used a "
45:
2246:CPU Heat Comparison: How Hot is Prescott?
1556:Learn how and when to remove this message
1058:'s manufacturing facilities are located.
575:Learn how and when to remove this message
1909:"Pentium 4 high risk strategy for Intel"
1884:
1882:
1433:The final revision of the Pentium 4 was
1424:
955:
936:
3749:Process–architecture–optimization model
2578:Prescott vs. Northwood Pentium 4 Review
1661:
1609:architecture, in June 3, 2007 with the
1605:mobile processors and are based on the
1398:(Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology),
1224:The 1st Extreme Edition Demoed Computer
941:Pentium 4 Willamette 1.5 GHz boxed
3837:Computer-related introductions in 2000
2392:"Twice the Cache - 17% Higher Latency"
2200:"Intel's Pentium 4 Prescott processor"
2012:Anand Lal Shimpi (November 20, 2000).
1248:(The Extreme version of the dual-core
1153:Also based on the Northwood core, the
949:Pentium 4 Willamette 1.5 GHz for
38:
2014:"Intel Pentium 4 1.4GHz & 1.5GHz"
1841:"Intel Goes DDR - do We Really Care?"
1821:"New Pentium 4 rejects Rambus memory"
182:16 KB (8 KB data + 8 KB instructions)
7:
1534:adding citations to reliable sources
1155:Mobile Intel Pentium 4 Processor - M
1115:The 3.06 GHz Pentium 4 enabled
557:adding citations to reliable sources
448:All Pentium 4 CPUs are based on the
2202:. The Tech Report. February 2, 2004
2088:Intel's Pentium 4 3.2 GHz processor
2030:Scott Wasson (September 10, 2001).
1958:from the original on March 28, 2017
1320:. The process has features such as
1165:and Deeper Sleep technologies. Its
1645:List of Intel Pentium 4 processors
916:List of Intel Pentium 4 processors
906:List of Intel Pentium 4 processors
32:List of Intel Pentium 4 processors
25:
2272:, ARK.Intel.com, February 2, 2004
2060:Wasson, Scott and Brown, Andrew.
1705:"The Intel® Pentium® 4 Processor"
1086:Die shot of a Northwood Pentium 4
731:Intel Pentium 4 processor family
700:The code cache was replaced by a
452:microarchitecture. The Pentium 4
3764:Intel HD, UHD, and Iris Graphics
1640:List of Intel Pentium processors
1572:. The Pentium M was part of the
1506:
1472:The name "Cedar Mill" refers to
1187:Mobile Intel Pentium 4 Processor
977:
968:
533:
2852:P6 variant (Enhanced Pentium M)
2161:Case, Loyd (January 30, 2004).
2123:, X-bit Labs, December 6, 2002.
2101:AMD's Athlon XP 3200+ processor
2077:, Tech Report, October 1, 2002.
2048:, Tech Report, October 9, 2001.
2046:AMD's Athlon XP 1800+ processor
1464:Intel initially announced four
1406:operations, due to the doubled
1139:Sudden Northwood Death Syndrome
544:needs additional citations for
453:
203:Architecture and classification
166:400 MT/s to 1066 MT/s
1635:Intel Celeron (NetBurst-based)
498:), and a high-end derivative,
1:
2588:Inside Pentium 4 Architecture
2090:, Tech Report, June 23, 2003.
1855:"Review: Intel Pentium 4 CPU"
1703:Carmean, Doug (Spring 2002).
1429:Pentium 4 HT 651 3.4 GHz
1382:Prescott 2M (Extreme Edition)
920:Pentium 4 processors have an
693:
461:
2103:, Tech Report, May 13, 2003.
1891:"Pentium 4 platform renamed"
1722:"X-bit labs - Print version"
1293:Intel Pentium 4 640 die shot
1141:(SNDS), which was caused by
1042:that supported much cheaper
355:Pentium 4 HT Extreme Edition
155:1.3 GHz to 3.8 GHz
2249:, AnandTech, April 16, 2004
1205:Northwood (Extreme Edition)
421:is a series of single-core
3858:
2366:"Intel CPU Roadmap Update"
2226:, HardForum, March 7, 2004
2148:"Intel's Mobile Pentium 4"
1944:Fog, Agner (May 2, 2017).
1780:. TG Daily. Archived from
1576:platform-marketing brand.
1491:
913:
470:Hyper-Threading Technology
329:Products, models, variants
29:
3832:Intel x86 microprocessors
2637:
2627:
2620:
2612:
1410:compared to 32-bit mode.
903:
899:
815:
798:
738:
735:
456:(180 nm) introduced
411:
44:
1650:List of Intel processors
1478:unincorporated community
922:integrated heat spreader
689:transistor power leakage
464:(90 nm) introduced
1976:Bob Bentley, Intel, at
1754:. Intel. Archived from
1585:Pentium Extreme Edition
1246:Pentium Extreme Edition
595:with many branching or
516:Pentium Extreme Edition
264:Physical specifications
3842:32-bit microprocessors
2847:P6 variant (Pentium M)
2444:Product Specifications
2422:Product Specifications
1623:Core microarchitecture
1430:
1294:
1286:
1225:
1087:
1079:
987:Pentium 4 Willamette (
961:
953:
942:
717:Testing and validation
680:
672:
664:
637:instructions per cycle
619:support. Tom Yager of
95:; 16 years ago
82:; 16 years ago
64:; 23 years ago
2299:Microprocessor Report
1428:
1292:
1284:
1223:
1085:
1069:
959:
948:
940:
678:
670:
662:
80:December 7, 2007
2001:conference reference
1843:. December 17, 2001.
1656:Notes and references
1530:improve this section
1175:junction temperature
604:microarchitectures.
553:improve this article
221:Instruction set
198:2 MB (Gallatin only)
2583:Intel Documentation
2522:. September 9, 2005
2372:. February 21, 2005
2186:www.theregister.com
1922:Shimpi, Anand Lal.
1895:www.theregister.com
1394:, the XD bit,
1318:copper interconnect
1157:(also known as the
732:
713:microarchitecture.
685:fabrication process
593:legacy applications
352:Mobile Pentium 4 HT
127:Common manufacturer
54:General information
41:
3646:Sandy Bridge-based
2815:Microarchitectures
2800:Microarchitectures
2603:2020-06-20 at the
2468:. February 1, 2006
2398:. October 27, 2004
2119:2007-12-31 at the
2064:, January 7, 2002.
1607:Enhanced Pentium M
1474:Cedar Mill, Oregon
1431:
1295:
1287:
1226:
1088:
1080:
1010:Thunderbird-based
962:
954:
943:
730:
681:
673:
665:
286:169M 130 nm (P4XE)
3819:
3818:
3732:
3731:
3105:
3104:
3024:
3023:
2647:
2646:
2638:Succeeded by
2628:Succeeded by
2574:" at Ars Technica
1928:www.anandtech.com
1875:. August 3, 2011.
1599:Pentium Dual-Core
1566:
1565:
1558:
1498:Pentium Dual-Core
1482:Hillsboro, Oregon
1443:Pentium D Presler
1400:Thermal Monitor 2
1374:, along with all
1052:Willamette Valley
912:
911:
908:
821:
805:
609:code optimization
585:
584:
577:
525:Microarchitecture
443:Pentium Dual-Core
416:
415:
397:Pentium Dual-Core
236:(only some chips)
209:Microarchitecture
69:November 20, 2000
62:November 20, 2000
16:(Redirected from
3849:
3651:Ivy Bridge-based
3242:8/16-bit databus
3114:
3033:
3029:Current products
2820:
2680:Intel processors
2673:
2666:
2659:
2650:
2613:Preceded by
2610:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2319:. Archived from
2309:
2303:
2294:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2130:
2124:
2110:
2104:
2097:
2091:
2084:
2078:
2071:
2065:
2058:
2049:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2027:
2018:
2017:
2009:
2003:
1988:, pages 244-248
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1957:
1950:
1941:
1932:
1931:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1886:
1877:
1876:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1859:www.dansdata.com
1851:
1845:
1844:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1758:on April 3, 2007
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1732:on March 6, 2016
1728:. Archived from
1726:www.xbitlabs.com
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1666:
1561:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1541:
1510:
1502:
1324:transistors and
1322:strained silicon
1181:Mobile Pentium 4
1143:electromigration
981:
972:
904:
891:
871:
849:
844:
839:
816:
803:
777:
733:
580:
573:
569:
566:
560:
537:
529:
437:manufactured by
433:and entry-level
349:Mobile Pentium 4
334:Brand names
259:(since Prescott)
103:
101:
96:
90:
88:
83:
72:
70:
65:
49:
42:
21:
3857:
3856:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3846:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3744:Tick–tock model
3728:
3672:
3661:Broadwell-based
3552:Extreme Edition
3484:
3282:
3224:
3175:
3142:
3101:
3020:
2963:
2863:
2809:
2682:
2677:
2643:
2633:
2624:
2618:
2605:Wayback Machine
2567:
2562:
2561:
2551:
2549:
2548:on May 26, 2008
2540:
2539:
2535:
2525:
2523:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2497:
2496:. June 14, 2005
2486:
2485:
2481:
2471:
2469:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2401:
2399:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2375:
2373:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2350:
2348:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2326:
2324:
2323:on June 3, 2004
2311:
2310:
2306:
2295:
2284:
2275:
2273:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2252:
2250:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2229:
2227:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2205:
2203:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2121:Wayback Machine
2112:Shilov, Anton.
2111:
2107:
2099:Wasson, Scott.
2098:
2094:
2086:Wasson, Scott.
2085:
2081:
2073:Wasson, Scott.
2072:
2068:
2059:
2052:
2044:Wasson, Scott.
2043:
2039:
2029:
2028:
2021:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1943:
1942:
1935:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1888:
1887:
1880:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1784:on May 17, 2019
1776:
1775:
1771:
1761:
1759:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1735:
1733:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1707:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1631:
1562:
1551:
1545:
1542:
1527:
1511:
1500:
1492:Main articles:
1490:
1455:Hyper-Threading
1423:
1384:
1365:buffer overflow
1357:NX (No eXecute)
1337:Hyper-Threading
1311:BTX form factor
1279:
1207:
1183:
1151:
1117:Hyper-Threading
1064:
995:
994:
993:
992:
984:
983:
982:
974:
973:
935:
918:
896:
889:
888:
884:Prescott 2M XE
883:
876:
869:
868:
863:
858:
856:
854:
847:
846:
842:
841:
837:
836:
831:
829:
827:
818:Hyper-threading
802:
784:
782:
775:
774:
772:
767:
765:
728:
726:Processor cores
719:
581:
570:
564:
561:
550:
538:
527:
502:, intended for
402:
358:
324:
298:
295:
136:
99:
97:
94:
92:
86:
84:
81:
68:
66:
63:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3855:
3853:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3824:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3777:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3751:
3746:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3680:
3678:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3499:
3497:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3465:
3463:NetBurst-based
3460:
3450:
3445:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3390:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3362:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3297:
3295:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3269:32-bit databus
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3251:16-bit databus
3249:
3243:
3239:
3237:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3216:
3210:
3204:
3198:
3191:
3189:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3167:
3161:
3154:
3152:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3134:
3127:
3125:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3094:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3046:
3044:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3006:
3005:
3004:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2976:
2974:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2915:
2914:
2913:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2878:
2876:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2839:
2833:
2831:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2706:
2701:
2690:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2668:
2661:
2653:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2626:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2566:
2565:External links
2563:
2560:
2559:
2533:
2507:
2479:
2453:
2431:
2409:
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2034:. Tech Report.
2019:
2004:
1994:10.1145/378239
1969:
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1878:
1864:
1846:
1832:
1812:
1809:. Intel. 2007.
1795:
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1692:. Intel. 2007.
1678:
1675:. Intel. 2007.
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1574:Intel Centrino
1564:
1563:
1514:
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1505:
1489:
1486:
1459:Virtualization
1422:
1419:
1415:Virtualization
1383:
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1278:
1275:
1270:front-side bus
1254:Core 2 Extreme
1206:
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914:Main article:
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650:megahertz myth
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407:Support status
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93:August 8, 2008
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27:Brand by Intel
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18:Intel Prescott
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3641:Nehalem-based
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2180:Smith, Tony.
2176:
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2157:
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2150:. Intel Corp.
2149:
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2136:. Intel Corp.
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2015:
2008:
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1980:, June 2001,
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1889:Magee, Mike.
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1549:
1546:November 2016
1539:
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1525:
1524:
1520:
1515:This section
1513:
1509:
1504:
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1499:
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1485:
1483:
1480:near Intel's
1479:
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1300:
1299:90 nm process
1291:
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1103:
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1076:heat spreader
1073:
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763:
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759:Release date
758:
755:
752:
750:Release date
749:
746:
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723:
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638:
633:
631:
630:marchitecture
627:
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618:
614:
610:
605:
603:
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579:
576:
568:
558:
554:
548:
547:
542:This section
540:
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531:
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524:
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519:
517:
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509:
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501:
497:
493:
488:
486:
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481:"E0" revision
478:
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169:
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158:
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117:
114:
111:
107:
79:
75:
61:
57:
52:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
3430:
3110:Discontinued
2947:Cypress Cove
2906:Sandy Bridge
2641:Intel Core 2
2621:
2550:. Retrieved
2546:the original
2536:
2524:. Retrieved
2519:
2510:
2498:. Retrieved
2491:
2482:
2470:. Retrieved
2466:The Register
2465:
2456:
2443:
2434:
2421:
2412:
2400:. Retrieved
2395:
2386:
2374:. Retrieved
2369:
2360:
2349:, retrieved
2343:
2337:
2325:. Retrieved
2321:the original
2316:
2307:
2297:
2276:December 15,
2274:, retrieved
2268:
2262:
2251:, retrieved
2245:
2239:
2228:, retrieved
2222:
2216:
2204:. Retrieved
2194:
2185:
2175:
2166:
2156:
2142:
2128:
2108:
2095:
2082:
2069:
2040:
2016:. Anandtech.
2007:
1977:
1972:
1960:. Retrieved
1927:
1917:
1903:
1894:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1835:
1824:
1815:
1798:
1786:. Retrieved
1782:the original
1772:
1760:. Retrieved
1756:the original
1746:
1734:. Retrieved
1730:the original
1725:
1716:
1698:
1681:
1664:
1596:
1589:
1578:
1567:
1552:
1543:
1528:Please help
1516:
1484:facilities.
1471:
1463:
1434:
1432:
1412:
1385:
1378:processors.
1369:
1350:
1342:
1334:
1315:
1304:
1296:
1266:
1242:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1215:Athlon 64 FX
1208:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1171:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1122:
1114:
1106:
1089:
1049:
1036:
1024:
1008:
996:
919:
808:130 nm
791:130 nm
720:
707:
699:
682:
634:
620:
606:
586:
571:
562:
551:Please help
546:verification
543:
520:
504:multi-socket
495:
489:
480:
474:
460:, while the
447:
418:
417:
346:Pentium 4 HT
241:Instructions
104:(shipments)
77:Discontinued
36:
2959:Golden Cove
2954:Willow Cove
2935:Cannon Lake
2616:Pentium III
2552:January 11,
2347:, Intel.com
2167:Extremetech
1736:January 11,
1613:(and later
1404:64-bit mode
1195:Pentium III
1159:Pentium 4 M
1149:Pentium 4 M
1044:PC133 SDRAM
1040:845 chipset
1000:Pentium III
892:90 nm
887:130 nm
882:Gallatin XE
872:90 nm
867:130 nm
850:65 nm
835:130 nm
832:Cedar Mill
830:Prescott 2M
804:Pentium 4-M
778:90 nm
773:130 nm
771:180 nm
753:Code-named
744:Code-named
702:trace cache
692:redesigns (
641:clock speed
412:Unsupported
372:Pentium III
368:Predecessor
343:Pentium 4-M
270:Transistors
141:Performance
119:Designed by
109:Marketed by
3826:Categories
3754:Intel GPUs
3468:Core-based
3232:(external
3120:oriented (
2990:Silvermont
2942:Sunny Cove
2911:Ivy Bridge
2694:Processors
2625:2000-2008
2622:Pentium 4
2351:January 8,
2253:January 8,
2206:August 28,
1986:1581132972
1762:August 14,
1439:65 nm
1435:Cedar Mill
1421:Cedar Mill
1361:exploiting
1020:Socket 478
1016:Socket 423
1012:AMD Athlon
989:Socket 478
951:Socket 423
933:Willamette
845:90 nm
840:90 nm
788:Northwood
764:Willamette
639:(IPC) and
565:March 2021
454:Willamette
378:Successors
315:Socket 478
310:Socket 423
292:188M 65 nm
289:125M 90 nm
283:55M 130 nm
280:42M 180 nm
190:Up to 2 MB
151:clock rate
91:(orders)
87:2007-12-07
3806:Codenames
3719:StrongARM
3557:Dual-Core
3530:Dual-Core
3441:Dual-Core
3411:OverDrive
3360:A100/A110
3353:OverDrive
3147:pre-x86 (
3014:Gracemont
2923:Broadwell
2631:Pentium D
2520:AnandTech
2493:AnandTech
2396:AnandTech
2370:AnandTech
2230:April 23,
1611:Allendale
1581:Pentium D
1570:Pentium M
1517:does not
1494:Pentium D
1488:Successor
1457:, but no
1408:word size
1376:Pentium D
1250:Pentium D
1211:Athlon 64
1199:Pentium M
1163:SpeedStep
1102:DDR SDRAM
1062:Northwood
1028:AMD Duron
897:Feb 2005
877:Jun 2004
864:Prescott
862:Northwood
859:Jan 2006
826:Northwood
811:Mar 2002
801:Northwood
794:Jun 2003
785:Mar 2004
768:Prescott
766:Northwood
710:Pentium M
654:PR-rating
645:benchmark
621:Infoworld
512:Pentium D
508:dual-core
496:Celeron 4
419:Pentium 4
399:(desktop)
393:(desktop)
391:Pentium D
385:Pentium M
340:Pentium 4
40:Pentium 4
3811:Larrabee
3689:iAPX 432
3624:11th gen
3619:10th gen
3458:P6-based
3348:RapidCAD
3090:14th gen
3085:13th gen
3080:12th gen
3075:11th gen
3070:10th gen
2997:Goldmont
2985:Saltwell
2899:Westmere
2859:NetBurst
2805:Chipsets
2601:Archived
2317:XBitLabs
2117:Archived
1962:April 8,
1953:Archived
1629:See also
1451:Intel 64
1392:Intel 64
1309:and the
1277:Prescott
1260:and the
1093:L2 cache
926:CPU shim
895:Sep 2003
875:Sep 2003
857:Feb 2005
855:Feb 2004
853:Nov 2002
828:Prescott
783:Jan 2002
781:Nov 2000
736:Desktop
694:Prescott
589:NetBurst
510:-brands
462:Prescott
450:NetBurst
427:desktops
387:(mobile)
214:NetBurst
195:L3 cache
187:L2 cache
59:Launched
3801:Stratix
3737:Related
3699:Itanium
3614:9th gen
3609:8th gen
3604:7th gen
3599:6th gen
3594:5th gen
3589:4th gen
3584:3rd gen
3579:2nd gen
3574:1st gen
3537:Pentium
3520:Celeron
3480:Tolapai
3401:Pentium
3384:(1998)
3382:Celeron
3273:80387DX
3265:80387SX
3060:Pentium
3055:Celeron
3009:Tremont
2980:Bonnell
2930:Skylake
2918:Haswell
2894:Nehalem
2793:Itanium
2709:Pentium
2704:Celeron
2526:May 10,
2500:May 10,
2472:May 10,
1788:May 17,
1538:removed
1523:sources
1307:LGA 775
1262:Core i9
1258:Core i7
1252:), the
1238:LGA 775
1126:Opteron
739:Laptop
492:Celeron
472:(HTT).
435:servers
431:laptops
363:History
320:LGA 775
303:Sockets
98: (
85: (
67: (
3724:XScale
3494:64-bit
3490:x86-64
3395:(2004)
3292:32-bit
3255:80C187
3248:(1980)
3221:(1982)
3215:(1982)
3209:(1982)
3203:(1979)
3197:(1978)
3186:16-bit
3180:Early
3172:(1977)
3166:(1974)
3160:(1972)
3139:(1974)
3133:(1971)
3041:64-bit
3037:x86-64
2887:Penryn
2873:64-bit
2869:x86-64
2828:32-bit
2402:May 8,
2376:May 8,
2327:May 8,
1984:
1615:Conroe
1353:XD bit
1345:x86-64
1256:, the
1097:130 nm
613:Athlon
485:NX bit
477:64-bit
234:x86-64
163:speeds
3796:PIIXs
3677:Other
3475:Quark
3288:IA-32
3278:80487
3260:80287
3219:80286
3213:80188
3207:80186
3149:8-bit
3122:4-bit
2824:IA-32
2788:Quark
2687:Lists
2448:Intel
2426:Intel
1998:paper
1956:(PDF)
1949:(PDF)
1826:ZDNet
1807:(PDF)
1708:(PDF)
1690:(PDF)
1673:(PDF)
1619:Merom
1603:Yonah
1592:Tejas
1476:, an
1326:low-Îş
1056:Intel
1032:RDRAM
756:Node
747:Node
626:RDRAM
439:Intel
178:cache
171:Cache
146:Max.
133:Intel
122:Intel
113:Intel
3791:ICHs
3786:SCHs
3781:PCHs
3714:i960
3709:i860
3704:RISC
3694:EPIC
3684:CISC
3636:Xeon
3564:Core
3503:Atom
3453:Xeon
3448:Core
3365:Atom
3323:i486
3301:i386
3294:x86)
3246:8087
3234:FPUs
3201:8088
3195:8086
3170:8085
3164:8080
3158:8008
3137:4040
3131:4004
3097:Xeon
3065:Core
3050:Atom
2882:Core
2830:x86)
2783:Xeon
2746:Core
2699:Atom
2554:2008
2528:2022
2502:2022
2474:2022
2404:2022
2378:2022
2353:2012
2329:2022
2278:2012
2255:2012
2232:2020
2208:2007
1982:ISBN
1964:2018
1790:2019
1764:2007
1738:2022
1583:and
1521:any
1519:cite
1496:and
1466:VT-x
1396:EIST
1388:Xeon
1372:SSE3
1213:and
1185:The
1109:MT/s
820:(HT)
617:SSE2
514:and
500:Xeon
466:SSE3
458:SSE2
425:for
423:CPUs
257:SSE3
253:SSE2
230:i386
3774:Arc
3759:GMA
3508:SoC
3426:III
3416:Pro
3375:SoC
3338:DX4
3333:DX2
3311:376
3230:x87
3182:x86
3118:BCD
2972:ULV
2969:x86
2724:III
2714:Pro
1990:doi
1532:by
1447:TDP
1330:fab
1167:TDP
1072:die
602:AMD
597:x87
555:by
249:SSE
245:MMX
232:),
226:x86
176:L1
161:FSB
148:CPU
3828::
3769:Xe
3513:CE
3421:II
3370:CE
3343:SL
3328:SX
3316:EX
3306:SX
2842:P6
2837:P5
2771:i9
2766:i7
2761:i5
2756:i3
2719:II
2518:.
2490:.
2464:.
2446:.
2442:.
2424:.
2420:.
2394:.
2368:.
2315:.
2285:^
2184:.
2165:.
2053:^
2022:^
1996:,
1936:^
1926:.
1893:.
1881:^
1857:.
1823:.
1724:.
1625:.
1453:,
1363:a
1264:.
1145:.
1004:P6
518:.
445:.
429:,
255:,
251:,
247:,
3629:M
3569:2
3547:D
3542:4
3525:D
3496:)
3492:(
3436:M
3431:4
3393:D
3388:M
3290:(
3236:)
3188:)
3184:(
3151:)
3124:)
3043:)
3039:(
2875:)
2871:(
2826:(
2776:M
2751:2
2739:M
2734:D
2729:4
2672:e
2665:t
2658:v
2570:"
2556:.
2530:.
2504:.
2476:.
2450:.
2428:.
2406:.
2380:.
2331:.
2302:.
2210:.
2188:.
2169:.
1992::
1966:.
1930:.
1911:.
1897:.
1861:.
1829:.
1792:.
1766:.
1740:.
1710:.
1559:)
1553:(
1548:)
1544:(
1540:.
1526:.
1078:.
890:0
870:0
848:0
843:0
838:0
776:0
578:)
572:(
567:)
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549:.
228:(
102:)
89:)
71:)
34:.
20:)
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