890:) if one can prove that the tort was intentional. Similarly, in most Australian jurisdictions, intentional torts are not included in civil liability legislation, thus excluding the threshold of injury and damages payouts from various legislated limitations and caps. But it is harder to prove intentional torts because as with many felony crimes, one must prove subjective elements involving the content of the defendant's mind, and defendants do not always express their harmful intent out loud or in writing.
799:
913:
as plaintiffs must prove in suits for negligence. "The concept of 'intention' in the intentional torts does not require that defendants know that their acts will result in harm to the plaintiffs. Defendants must know only that their acts will result in certain consequences." Under the doctrine of the
926:
as a result, this is not a tort (in the majority of jurisdictions), as the powerful investor had a right to vote whichever way he liked. Thus, the other stockholders cannot sue the aforementioned investor for damages. (California is the notable exception to this rule, at least as to closely held
946:
that an act would result in a tortious result. A famous case in the 1800s involved a hemophiliac child (Vosburg) who was kicked by another child (Putney) at school, resulting in severe disability of the leg. Although the kicker could not have reasonably foreseen that the kick would cause severe
961:. "Cause" in an intentional tort need only be "actual cause;" that is, but for the defendant's action the tortious result would not have occurred. The plaintiff need not allege or prove proximate cause, which would indicate that the result of the defendant's actions was reasonably foreseeable.
1111:
Generally, intentional torts are uninsurable as a matter of public policy, meaning that tortfeasors guilty of such torts must pay damages out of their own pocket (if they have any money worth going after). Otherwise, professional criminals could obtain
921:
Not every intentional action qualifies as an intentional tort. Suppose an investor holding more than half of a corporation's stock votes on changes the other stockholders find detrimental. If the other stockholders suffer
969:
Within the broader category of intentional torts, there are two subcategories that are typically treated as distinct types of tort in their own right and are categorised according to the type of right they infringe upon:
1119:
This rule has not precluded defendants from litigating the intentionality of particular torts and thus argue that their liability insurers would have a duty to defend and indemnify them. The
942:
must prove that the defendant performed the action leading to the damages the plaintiff alleges, and that the defendant acted with purpose, or that he had knowledge with
918:, the plaintiff may instead prove that the defendant intended to commit any intentional tort against any person rather than the specific injury that actually occurred.
874:, damages available for intentional torts tend to be broader and more generous than for negligent torts. To preserve individual well-being and overall social welfare,
1072:
Intentional torts that do not fall into one of these two subcategories are typically related to physical or emotional injuries and stress and include the following:
893:
Intentional torts are most directly contrasted with negligent torts. The key difference between the two categories of tort is that the plaintiff must prove the
1100:
82:
974:
Property torts are a specific class of intentional torts that arise when the right invaded is a property right rather than a personal right. These include
222:
858:, on the other hand, pertains to a tort that simply results from the failure of the tortfeasor to take sufficient care in fulfilling a duty owed, while
927:
corporations.) If, however, John Doe physically attacks a passerby in the street, John is liable for these costs, as he is guilty of the tort of
986:(taking possession of someone else's property with the intent not to return it). Some older, and largely obsolete, property law concepts include
157:
829:
905:
acted with a mental state of intentionally performing) the act that was the proximate cause of the plaintiff's injuries (so-called
548:
943:
1091:(A conversion is the intentional exercise of dominion and control of another's property without their consent or privilege)
338:
1120:
1040:
as well as other similar causes of action. Additionally, this category of tort traditionally included actions such as
554:
1116:
to insure against the risk of being caught and prosecuted by the state, or sued in civil actions by their victims.
328:
643:
492:
1045:
676:
660:
227:
187:
1157:
Intentional Tort
Litigation in Australia Assault, False Imprisonment, Malicious Prosecution and Related Claims
541:
366:
333:
1029:
822:
737:
559:
470:
313:
258:
162:
57:
1041:
697:
671:
590:
480:
475:
437:
232:
192:
179:
1033:
979:
887:
169:
109:
1085:(A battery is the intentional harmful or offensive touching of another without consent or privilege)
878:
generally wishes to deter its members from intentionally attacking each other. For example, in the
1113:
947:
disability, he certainly could have foreseen that it would cause discomfort, and was found liable.
534:
528:
487:
424:
247:
48:
1094:
915:
862:
refers to situations where a party is liable for injuries no matter what precautions were taken.
777:
664:
595:
564:
455:
419:
395:
351:
134:
76:
957:
Here, "intent" means either purpose or "knowledge with substantial certainty," as elucidated in
950:
For example, a plaintiff attempting to prove that a defendant committed the intentional tort of
1232:
1124:
1049:
958:
815:
722:
717:
707:
702:
518:
497:
361:
307:
294:
242:
202:
1123:
forcefully shot down one such attempt: " Section 533 precludes coverage in this case because
1088:
1079:(the immediate intentional creation of apprehension of another without consent or privilege)
1053:
1037:
983:
975:
883:
859:
712:
585:
465:
414:
347:
289:
197:
174:
116:
104:
1001:
389:
318:
301:
1097:(False imprisonment is the intent to confine or bound someone without a means of egress)
954:
must fulfill several elements: intent, an act, cause, and harmful or offensive contact.
1082:
1076:
951:
928:
767:
523:
405:
323:
125:
71:
66:
1226:
879:
871:
732:
607:
910:
906:
785:
772:
762:
727:
681:
267:
1214:
1182:
850:
that describes a civil wrong resulting from an intentional act on the part of the
17:
1025:
798:
638:
371:
237:
152:
1198:
1013:
1009:
855:
851:
803:
747:
650:
602:
272:
213:
139:
31:
939:
935:
781:
1068:
that are obsolete or moribund in the majority of common law jurisdictions.
1065:
1061:
991:
757:
617:
380:
277:
99:
1021:
1005:
987:
923:
875:
612:
580:
460:
282:
995:
931:. Actual damages are not required for a prima facie case of battery.
655:
622:
1017:
847:
432:
446:
39:
1057:
1004:
are categorised as such because they violate an individual's
1169:
Klar, Lewis. Tort Law. Toronto: Thomson
Carswell, 2008, p32.
982:(handling items owned by another without permission), and
897:element that the defendant acted with the specific
978:(entering someone's land without permission),
1012:, or privacy. This category of tort includes
823:
8:
1101:Intentional infliction of emotional distress
909:), as opposed to simply violating a general
83:Intentional infliction of emotional distress
830:
816:
223:Negligent infliction of emotional distress
26:
1056:among other actionable wrongs related to
1211:J. C. Penney Casualty Ins. Co. v. M. K.
1147:
745:
689:
630:
572:
505:
445:
404:
379:
346:
257:
212:
124:
91:
56:
38:
1159:. Sydney, Australia: Federation Press.
7:
938:liable for an intentional tort, the
25:
1195:Jones v. H. F. Ahmanson & Co.
1155:Goodland, C; O'Brien, P (2015).
797:
854:(alleged wrongdoer). The term
549:Ex turpi causa non oritur actio
1:
659:(term used for torts in some
1121:Supreme Court of California
555:Joint and several liability
1249:
886:(damages above and beyond
329:Comparative responsibility
644:Non-economic damages caps
1046:alienation of affections
677:Private attorney general
631:Other topics in tort law
259:Principles of negligence
188:Alienation of affections
542:Volenti non fit injuria
367:Ultrahazardous activity
334:Contributory negligence
1030:intrusion on seclusion
934:To successfully sue a
882:, it is easier to get
860:strict liability torts
560:Market share liability
493:Shopkeeper's privilege
471:Statute of limitations
314:Restitutio ad integrum
163:Intrusion on seclusion
58:Trespass to the person
1042:criminal conversation
944:substantial certainty
672:Conflict of tort laws
438:Tortious interference
193:Criminal conversation
180:Malicious prosecution
1179:Stephenson v. Drever
1135:wrongful, and it is
1034:breach of confidence
980:trespass to chattels
888:compensatory damages
170:Breach of confidence
1131:intentional, it is
1114:liability insurance
665:mixed legal systems
535:Respondeat superior
529:Vicarious liability
488:Defence of property
425:Insurance bad faith
339:Attractive nuisance
158:Invasion of privacy
1095:False imprisonment
916:transferred intent
565:Transferred intent
456:Assumption of risk
420:Restraint of trade
396:Rylands v Fletcher
228:Employment-related
77:False imprisonment
1125:child molestation
1050:breach of promise
959:Garratt v. Dailey
846:is a category of
840:
839:
713:England and Wales
668:
519:Last clear chance
514:Intentional torts
498:Neutral reportage
481:Defense of others
429:
362:Product liability
308:Res ipsa loquitur
295:Reasonable person
203:Breach of promise
52:
18:Intentional torts
16:(Redirected from
1240:
1218:
1208:
1202:
1192:
1186:
1183:16 Cal. 4th 1167
1176:
1170:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1152:
1038:abuse of process
976:trespass to land
884:punitive damages
844:intentional tort
832:
825:
818:
802:
801:
658:
427:
290:Standard of care
175:Abuse of process
85:
46:
27:
21:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1215:52 Cal. 3d 1009
1209:
1205:
1193:
1189:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1109:
1002:Dignitary torts
967:
870:As a matter of
868:
836:
796:
690:By jurisdiction
390:Public nuisance
319:Rescue doctrine
302:Proximate cause
214:Negligent torts
126:Dignitary torts
81:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1246:
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820:
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809:
808:
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804:Law portal
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718:European Union
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524:Eggshell skull
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430:
428:(American law)
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406:Economic torts
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324:Duty to rescue
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107:
94:
93:
92:Property torts
89:
88:
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79:
74:
69:
61:
60:
54:
53:
43:
42:
36:
35:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
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919:
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880:United States
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872:public policy
865:
863:
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828:
826:
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738:United States
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220:
219:
218:
215:
211:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
185:
184:Sexual torts
183:
181:
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
164:
161:
160:
159:
156:
154:
151:
146:
143:
142:
141:
138:
136:
135:Appropriation
133:
132:
131:
130:
127:
123:
118:
115:
111:
108:
106:
103:
102:
101:
98:
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84:
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68:
65:
64:
63:
62:
59:
55:
50:
45:
44:
41:
37:
33:
29:
28:
19:
1210:
1206:
1199:1 Cal. 3d 93
1194:
1190:
1178:
1174:
1165:
1156:
1150:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1118:
1110:
1107:Insurability
1071:
968:
956:
949:
933:
920:
911:duty of care
902:
901:to perform (
898:
894:
892:
869:
843:
841:
763:Criminal law
682:Class action
547:
540:
533:
513:
476:Self-defense
394:
372:Deep pockets
306:
268:Duty of care
30:Part of the
1026:false light
639:Tort reform
273:Trespassers
238:Malpractice
233:Entrustment
153:False light
1143:References
1139:harmful."
1089:Conversion
1014:defamation
1010:reputation
984:conversion
965:Categories
895:additional
866:Background
856:negligence
852:tortfeasor
748:common law
651:Quasi-tort
603:Injunction
596:Incidental
415:Conspiracy
140:Defamation
117:Conversion
32:common law
1054:seduction
940:plaintiff
936:defendant
758:Contracts
698:Australia
506:Liability
466:Necessity
354:liability
278:Licensees
198:Seduction
1233:Tort law
1227:Category
1066:adultery
1062:marriage
992:replevin
773:Property
768:Evidence
618:Replevin
586:Punitive
573:Remedies
447:Defences
381:Nuisance
352:absolute
283:Invitees
110:chattels
100:Trespass
40:Tort law
1217:(1991).
1201:(1969).
1185:(1997).
1083:Battery
1077:Assault
1022:slander
1006:dignity
988:detinue
952:battery
929:battery
924:damages
876:society
786:estates
613:Detinue
608:Tracing
591:Special
581:Damages
461:Consent
248:medical
144:Slander
72:Battery
67:Assault
49:Outline
1137:always
1133:always
1129:always
1064:, and
1052:, and
1036:, and
1024:, and
1016:(i.e.
996:trover
994:, and
907:malice
899:intent
784:, and
782:trusts
746:Other
733:Taiwan
703:Canada
656:Delict
623:Trover
348:Strict
34:series
1018:libel
903:i.e.,
848:torts
778:Wills
750:areas
728:Japan
723:India
708:China
661:civil
433:Fraud
243:legal
147:Libel
663:and
350:and
105:land
1127:is
1058:sex
1028:),
842:An
1229::
1213:,
1197:,
1181:,
1060:,
1048:,
1044:,
1032:,
1020:,
1008:,
990:,
780:,
998:.
831:e
824:t
817:v
667:)
51:)
47:(
20:)
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