37:, is "the practice of designing interactive digital products, environments, systems, and services." While interaction design has an interest in form (similar to other design fields), its main area of focus rests on behavior. Rather than analyzing how things are, interaction design synthesizes and imagines things as they could be. This element of interaction design is what characterizes IxD as a design field, as opposed to a science or engineering field.
487:, interaction design is often associated with the design of system interfaces in a variety of media but concentrates on the aspects of the interface that define and present its behavior over time, with a focus on developing the system to respond to the user's experience and not the other way around.
251:
aspects is for example, the use of dynamic icons, animations and sound to help communicate, creating a sense of interactivity. Interface aspects such as fonts, color palettes and graphical layouts can influence acceptance. Studies showed that affective aspects can affect perceptions of usability.
250:
Designers must be aware of elements that influence user emotional responses. For instance, products must convey positive emotions while avoiding negative ones. Other important aspects include motivational, learning, creative, social and persuasive influences. One method that can help convey such
176:
Usability answers the question "can someone use this interface?". Jakob
Nielsen describes usability as the quality attribute that describes how usable the interface is. Shneiderman proposes principles for designing more usable interfaces called "Eight Golden Rules of Interface Design"—which are
164:
that we need a new approach to solving interactive software-based problems. The problems with designing computer interfaces are fundamentally different from those that do not include software (e.g., hammers). Cooper introduces the concept of cognitive friction, which is when the interface of a
747:
I gave my first conference presentation on the subject in 1984, and at that time I described it as "Soft-face", thinking of a combination between software and user-interface design we went on thinking of possible names until I eventually settled on "interaction design" with the help of Bill
191:
A persona encapsulates critical behavioural data in a way that both designers and stakeholders can understand, remember, and relate to. Personas use storytelling to engage users' social and emotional aspects, which helps designers to either visualize the best product behaviour or see why the
48:, and user research to create designs that are tailored to the needs and preferences of users. This involves understanding the context in which the product will be used, identifying user goals and behaviors, and developing design solutions that are responsive to user needs and expectations.
204:
framework provides a vocabulary to evaluate and modify design solutions. Cognitive dimensions offer a lightweight approach to analysis of a design quality, rather than an in-depth, detailed description. They provide a common vocabulary for discussing notation,
102:
in 1994, as a Master of Design in
Interaction Design. At the outset, the program focused mainly on screen interfaces, before shifting to a greater emphasis on the "big picture" aspects of interaction—people, organizations, culture, service and system.
51:
While disciplines such as software engineering have a heavy focus on designing for technical stakeholders, interaction design is focused on meeting the needs and optimizing the experience of users, within relevant technical or business constraints.
322:
The
Interaction Design Association was created in 2003 to serve the community. The organization has over 80,000 members and more than 173 local groups. IxDA hosts Interaction the annual interaction design conference, and the Interaction Awards.
122:
hometown in
Northern Italy, dedicated solely to interaction design. In 2007, after IDII closed due to a lack of funding, some of the people originally involved with IDII set up the
443:
Interaction designers are typically informed through iterative cycles of user research. User research is used to identify the needs, motivations and behaviors of end users. They
830:
290:
Visual representations are the elements of an interface that the user perceives; these may include but are not limited to "typography, diagrams, icons, and other graphics".
972:
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3123:
274:
Crampton Smith wrote that interaction design draws on four existing design languages, 1D, 2D, 3D, 4D. Kevin Silver later proposed a fifth dimension, behaviour.
306:
The time during which the user interacts with the interface. An example of this includes "content that changes over time such as sound, video or animation".
126:(CIID), in Denmark. After Ivrea, Crampton Smith and Philip Tabor added the Interaction Design (IxD) track in the Visual and Multimedia Communication at the
425:
Academic research in human–computer interaction (HCI) includes methods for describing and testing the usability of interacting with an interface, such as
123:
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Alternatively, interfaces can be designed to serve the needs of the service/product provider. User needs may be poorly served by this approach.
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in the mid-1980s, but it took 10 years before the concept started to take hold. To
Verplank, it was an adaptation of the computer science term
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Tinauli, Musstanser; Pillan, Margherita (2008). "Interaction Design and
Experiential Factors: A Novel Case Study on Digital Pen and Paper".
1978:
154:
Goal-oriented design (or Goal-Directed design) "is concerned with satisfying the needs and desires of the users of a product or service."
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The core principles of industrial design overlap with those of interaction design. Industrial designers use their knowledge of physical
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114:(RCA) in London, which in 2005 was renamed Design Interactions, headed by Anthony Dunne. In 2001, Crampton Smith helped found the
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2003:
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Houde, Stephanie; Hill, Charles (1997). "What Do
Prototypes Prototype?". In Helander, M; Landauer, T; Prabhu, P (eds.).
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Dimensions provide high-level descriptions of the interface and how the user interacts with it: examples include
185:
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design is complex and difficult to use, and behaves inconsistently and unexpectedly, possessing different modes.
138:
473:, the architects' ability to make, place, and create context becomes a point of contact between the disciplines.
84:, which he had coined in 1984 to refer to the application of industrial design to products containing software.
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The earliest programs in design for interactive technologies were the
Visible Language Workshop, started by
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Behavior defines how users respond to the interface. Users may have different reactions in this interface.
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Mobility '08: Proceedings of the
International Conference on Mobile Technology, Applications, and Systems
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Certain basic principles of cognitive psychology provide grounding for interaction design. These include
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Inmates Are
Running the Asylum, The: Why High-Tech Products Drive Us Crazy and How to Restore the Sanity
478:
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1064:(2000). "Instructions and Descriptions: some cognitive aspects of programming and similar activities".
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model, Patrick Jordan's pleasure model and McCarthy and Wright's Technology as Experience framework.
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1016:"Imaginary people representing real numbers: Generating personas from online social media data"
363:
Certain basic principles of ergonomics provide grounding for interaction design. These include
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An, J.; Kwak, H.; Jung, S.; Salminen, J.; Admad, M.; Jansen, Bernard James (1 November 2018).
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are archetypes that describe the various goals and observed behaviour patterns among users.
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This dimension defines the objects or space "with which or within which users interact".
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RCA Design Interactions About Students Staff & Guests Research Graduating Projects
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This dimension defines interactions: words are the element that users interact with.
88:
69:
27:
Specialization of design focused on the experience users have of a product or service
1047:
270:
The concept of dimensions of interaction design were introduced in Moggridge's book
98:
The first academic program officially named "Interaction Design" was established at
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1324:
Windows and Mirrors: Interaction Design, Digital Art, and the Myth of Transparency
254:
Emotion and pleasure theories exist to explain interface responses. These include
17:
1454:
Designing for the Digital Age: How to Create Human-Centered Products and Services
656:
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with an emphasis on user goals and experience, and evaluate designs in terms of
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1998:
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1328:
789:
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595:
448:
350:
232:. These concepts aid the creation of new designs from existing ones through
853:"Interaction Design > School of Design > Carnegie Mellon University"
2653:
1700:
722:
119:
40:
Interaction design borrows from a wide range of fields like psychology,
3274:
3202:
1812:
95:
founded at NYU in 1979 by Martin Elton and later headed by Red Burns.
3033:
1684:
444:
1031:
877:
1745:
338:
141:—a Swedish research institute in the field of interaction design.
1249:
2785:
984:
982:
3238:
2941:
2386:
1713:
1657:
1420:; Reimann, Robert; Cronin, David; Noessel, Christopher (2014).
702:
1267:
383:
as they relate to human behavior in the built environment.
1653:
1219:
1201:
965:"Shneiderman's Eight Golden Rules of Interface Design"
353:
to create a fit of an object with the person using it.
1090:
Interaction Design: Beyond Human–Computer Interaction
815:"Red Burns, 'Godmother of Silicon Alley,' Dies at 88"
236:
that alter the design within a particular dimension.
80:
profession. To Moggridge, it was an improvement over
1088:
Sharp, Helen; Rogers, Yvonne; Preece, Jenny (2007).
698:"Integrate business modeling and interaction design"
3175:
3134:
3077:
2967:
2219:
2138:
2054:
1962:
1844:
1724:
177:well-known heuristics for creating usable systems.
1395:
1220:"Interaction Design Association - Homepage | IxDA"
658:About Face 3: The Essentials of Interaction Design
1293:"Disciplines & Domains of Interaction Design"
461:As interaction designers increasingly deal with
110:founded the Computer-Related Design MA at the
1669:
1123:Technology as Experience | the MIT Press
1083:
1081:
613:(creating interactive experiences on the web)
8:
1176:"What Puts the Design in Interaction Design"
647:
645:
643:
641:
639:
637:
527:(user friendly computer application designs)
727:. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. p. 14.
3235:
2964:
2938:
2383:
1721:
1710:
1676:
1662:
1654:
943:"Usability 101: Introduction to Usability"
912:
910:
124:Copenhagen Institute of Interaction Design
1523:Design Research: Methods and Perspectives
1521:Laurel, Brenda; Lunenfeld, Peter (2003).
1069:
135:Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research
3193:Good Design Award (Museum of Modern Art)
655:; Reimann, Kaye; Keezer, Leiben (2007).
1321:Bolter, Jay D.; Gromala, Diane (2008).
1202:"Interaction Design Association – IxDA"
633:
1473:Handbook of Human–Computer Interaction
1256:from the original on 17 November 2015.
953:from the original on 1 September 2016.
710:from the original on 12 February 2008.
93:Interactive Telecommunications Program
3198:Good Design Award (Chicago Athenaeum)
1346:Buchenau, Marion; Suri, Jane Fulton.
1274:from the original on 13 October 2013.
1182:from the original on 15 November 2011
767:from the original on 23 January 2008.
7:
975:from the original on 9 January 2017.
118:(IDII), a specialized institute in
3142:American Institute of Graphic Arts
1398:The Inmates are Running the Asylum
813:Martin, Douglas (26 August 2013).
192:recommended design is successful.
162:The Inmates Are Running the Asylum
116:Interaction Design Institute Ivrea
25:
3152:Design and Industries Association
1208:from the original on 2 June 2016.
1483:Jones, Matt & Gary Marsden:
1230:from the original on 2 June 2016
1126:. MIT Press. 10 September 2004.
921:. Sams Publishing. p. 288.
833:from the original on 24 May 2016
405:. Many of these are laid out in
209:or programming language design.
1487:, John Wiley & Sons, 2006,
878:RCA Design Interactions Website
551:Interactive systems engineering
483:Like user interface design and
3147:Chartered Society of Designers
1504:Thoughts on Interaction Design
761:"Bill Verplank - Professional"
515:Data presentation architecture
318:Interaction Design Association
1:
3218:Prince Philip Designers Prize
1861:Architectural lighting design
1581:The Design of Everyday Things
1370:Sketching the User Experience
991:Designing for the Digital Age
541:Interaction Design Foundation
412:The Design of Everyday Things
3024:Electronic design automation
3007:Virtual home design software
1979:Automotive suspension design
1327:. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
359:Human factors and ergonomics
240:Affective interaction design
1883:Environmental impact design
1020:ACM Transactions on the Web
3596:
3560:Human–computer interaction
3162:International Forum Design
2532:Engineering design process
546:Interaction design pattern
525:Human interface guidelines
421:Human–computer interaction
243:
100:Carnegie Mellon University
42:human-computer interaction
3497:
3245:
3234:
2963:
2937:
2393:
2382:
2284:Integrated circuit design
2206:Stage/set lighting design
2095:Hardware interface design
2011:Hardware interface design
1720:
1709:
1691:
1633:Designing for Interaction
1485:Mobile Interaction Design
576:PACT (interaction design)
520:Hardware interface design
294:Physical objects or space
139:The Interactive Institute
3119:Industrial design rights
3107:Fashion design copyright
3019:Design quality indicator
2468:Creative problem-solving
2259:Electrical system design
2115:Sonic interaction design
2026:Photographic lens design
1900:Healthy community design
1443:. Berkeley, California:
1147:Moggridge, Bill (2007).
721:Moggridge, Bill (2007).
591:Transgenerational design
586:Sonic interaction design
531:Information architecture
509:Chief experience officer
504:Attentive user interface
499:Activity-centered design
451:and affective influence.
91:at MIT in 1975, and the
46:information architecture
3570:Technical communication
3315:New product development
3280:Enterprise architecture
3208:IF Product Design Award
3167:Design Research Society
2719:Reliability engineering
1558:10.1145/1506270.1506400
1439:Dawes, Brendan (2007).
1424:(4th ed.). Wiley.
901:5 December 2013 at the
272:Designing Interactions.
33:, often abbreviated as
3580:Multimodal interaction
2771:Top-down and bottom-up
2120:User experience design
2021:Packaging and labeling
1994:Electric guitar design
1932:Landscape architecture
1441:Analog In, Digital Out
1348:Experience Prototyping
1150:Designing Interactions
993:. Wiley. p. 229.
969:faculty.washington.edu
785:Designing Interactions
724:Designing interactions
601:User experience design
566:Kinetic user interface
286:Visual representations
222:hard mental operations
108:Gillian Crampton Smith
3300:Innovation management
3183:European Design Award
2949:Intellectual property
2766:Theory of constraints
2729:Responsibility-driven
2569:For manufacturability
2473:Creativity techniques
2311:Nuclear weapon design
2125:User interface design
1989:Corrugated box design
1910:Interior architecture
1452:Goodwin, Kim (2009).
1094:John Wiley & Sons
989:Goodwin, Kim (2009).
917:Cooper, Alan (2004).
663:Indianapolis, Indiana
479:User interface design
431:cognitive walkthrough
74:user interface design
3345:Unintelligent design
3325:Philosophy of design
3039:Design specification
2992:Comprehensive layout
2564:For behaviour change
2537:Probabilistic design
2299:Power network design
1836:Visual merchandising
1793:Instructional design
1771:Postage stamp design
1631:Saffer, Dan (2006).
1609:The Humane Interface
1096:. pp. 181–217 .
883:10 July 2010 at the
606:User-centered design
536:Instructional design
463:ubiquitous computing
427:cognitive dimensions
409:'s influential book
389:Cognitive psychology
230:premature commitment
202:cognitive dimensions
196:Cognitive dimensions
150:Goal-oriented design
128:University of Venice
112:Royal College of Art
3265:Creative industries
3188:German Design Award
3097:Design infringement
2982:Architectural model
2321:Organization design
2316:Nucleic acid design
2264:Experimental design
1817:Traffic sign design
1506:. Morgan Kaufmann.
859:on 30 November 2012
399:interface metaphors
327:Related disciplines
3330:Process simulation
3305:Intelligent design
2629:Intelligence-based
2624:Integrated topside
2554:Framework-oriented
2239:Behavioural design
2110:Information design
1788:Information design
1268:"Home/ IxD Awards"
819:The New York Times
622:Design prototyping
571:Mobile interaction
62:interaction design
31:Interaction design
18:Interaction Design
3547:
3546:
3493:
3492:
3260:Conceptual design
3230:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3213:James Dyson Award
3069:Website wireframe
3059:Technical drawing
2933:
2932:
2781:Transgenerational
2522:Ecological design
2398:Activity-centered
2378:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2356:Spacecraft design
2150:Public art design
2088:Video game design
2066:Experience design
2036:Production design
2016:Motorcycle design
1974:Automotive design
1878:Ecological design
1756:Film title design
1595:978-0-465-06710-7
1567:978-1-60558-089-0
1513:978-0-12-378624-1
1463:978-0-470-22910-1
1338:978-0-262-02545-4
1160:978-0-262-13474-3
1153:. The MIT Press.
1000:978-0-470-22910-1
799:978-0-262-13474-3
734:978-0-262-28006-8
676:978-0-470-08411-3
485:experience design
467:urban informatics
333:Industrial design
78:industrial design
16:(Redirected from
3587:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3504:
3236:
3113:Geschmacksmuster
3087:Community design
2965:
2939:
2699:Process-centered
2495:Design–bid–build
2463:Cradle-to-cradle
2443:Concept-oriented
2384:
2361:Strategic design
2331:Processor design
2306:Mechanism design
2274:Geometric design
2234:Algorithm design
2174:Jewellery design
2105:Immersive design
1999:Furniture design
1944:Landscape design
1722:
1711:
1678:
1671:
1664:
1655:
1650:
1637:New Riders Press
1627:
1599:
1571:
1540:
1517:
1480:
1477:Elsevier Science
1475:(2nd ed.).
1467:
1448:
1445:New Riders Press
1435:
1413:
1401:
1387:
1374:New Riders Press
1361:
1342:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1295:. Archived from
1289:
1276:
1275:
1264:
1258:
1257:
1250:"Interaction 16"
1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1108:"Four pleasures"
1104:
1098:
1097:
1092:(2nd ed.).
1085:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1011:
1005:
1004:
986:
977:
976:
961:
955:
954:
939:
933:
932:
914:
905:
893:
887:
875:
869:
868:
866:
864:
855:. Archived from
849:
843:
842:
840:
838:
810:
804:
803:
775:
769:
768:
757:
751:
750:
718:
712:
711:
694:
688:
687:
685:
683:
649:
617:Media psychology
561:Interface design
349:and desire, and
347:human perception
260:emotional design
246:Interaction cost
234:design maneuvers
21:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3489:
3290:Futures studies
3241:
3222:
3171:
3130:
3079:
3073:
2959:
2958:
2929:
2835:Value sensitive
2825:User innovation
2704:Public interest
2669:Object-oriented
2389:
2370:
2351:Software design
2341:Research design
2294:Physical design
2249:Database design
2223:
2221:
2215:
2191:Property design
2186:Game art design
2140:
2134:
2057:
2050:
1965:
1958:
1915:Interior design
1866:Building design
1847:
1840:
1727:
1716:
1705:
1687:
1682:
1647:
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1602:
1596:
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1438:
1432:
1416:
1410:
1390:
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1364:
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1339:
1320:
1317:
1315:Further reading
1312:
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1291:
1290:
1279:
1266:
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1248:
1247:
1243:
1233:
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1218:
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1213:
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1195:
1185:
1183:
1174:Silver, Kevin.
1173:
1172:
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1161:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1134:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1087:
1086:
1079:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1032:10.1145/3265986
1013:
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1008:
1001:
988:
987:
980:
963:
962:
958:
941:
940:
936:
929:
916:
915:
908:
903:Wayback Machine
894:
890:
885:Wayback Machine
876:
872:
862:
860:
851:
850:
846:
836:
834:
812:
811:
807:
800:
780:Moggridge, Bill
778:
776:
772:
759:
758:
754:
735:
720:
719:
715:
706:. 8 June 2007.
696:
695:
691:
681:
679:
677:
651:
650:
635:
631:
626:
494:
471:urban computing
439:Design research
329:
320:
312:
304:
296:
288:
280:
268:
266:Five dimensions
248:
242:
218:error-proneness
198:
183:
174:
152:
147:
58:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3593:
3591:
3583:
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3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3358:
3357:
3355:Wicked problem
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3240:Related topics
3239:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3157:Design Council
3154:
3149:
3144:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3124:European Union
3116:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3083:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3071:
3066:
3061:
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3051:
3046:
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3031:
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3021:
3016:
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3010:
3009:
3004:
2994:
2989:
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2907:
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2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2810:
2805:
2803:Usage-centered
2800:
2799:
2798:
2796:Design for All
2788:
2783:
2778:
2776:Transformation
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2757:
2756:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2724:Research-based
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2689:Platform-based
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2639:KISS principle
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2549:Fault-tolerant
2546:
2544:Error-tolerant
2541:
2540:
2539:
2529:
2527:Energy neutral
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2483:Design fiction
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2366:Systems design
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2336:Protein design
2333:
2328:
2326:Process design
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2289:Circuit design
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2230:
2228:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2211:Textile design
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2169:Costume design
2164:Fashion design
2161:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2075:
2074:
2073:
2062:
2060:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2046:Service design
2043:
2041:Sensory design
2038:
2033:
2031:Product design
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2006:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1970:
1968:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1949:Spatial design
1946:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1929:
1927:Keyline design
1924:
1923:
1922:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1893:Computer-aided
1885:
1880:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1863:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1819:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1761:Graphic design
1758:
1753:
1751:Exhibit design
1748:
1743:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1645:
1628:
1622:
1600:
1594:
1576:Norman, Donald
1572:
1566:
1541:
1535:
1518:
1512:
1496:
1481:
1468:
1462:
1449:
1436:
1430:
1414:
1408:
1388:
1382:
1362:
1356:
1343:
1337:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1299:on 6 July 2011
1277:
1259:
1241:
1211:
1193:
1178:. UX Matters.
1166:
1159:
1139:
1132:
1113:
1099:
1077:
1071:10.1.1.32.8003
1062:T. R. G. Green
1053:
1006:
999:
978:
956:
934:
927:
906:
888:
870:
844:
805:
798:
770:
752:
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713:
689:
675:
632:
630:
627:
625:
624:
619:
614:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
581:Service design
578:
573:
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558:
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287:
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279:
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267:
264:
241:
238:
207:user interface
197:
194:
182:
179:
173:
170:
151:
148:
146:
143:
66:Bill Moggridge
64:was coined by
57:
54:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3592:
3581:
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3558:
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3535:
3533:
3528:
3526:
3521:
3519:
3514:
3512:
3507:
3505:
3500:
3499:
3496:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3470:specification
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
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3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3383:architectural
3381:
3380:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3350:Visualization
3348:
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3341:
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3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
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3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3270:Cultural icon
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3244:
3237:
3233:
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3174:
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3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3135:Organizations
3133:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3102:Design patent
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3092:Design around
3090:
3088:
3085:
3084:
3082:
3076:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
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3047:
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3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2954:
2952:Organizations
2951:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2813:User-centered
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2794:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2761:Tableless web
2759:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2684:Participatory
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2574:For Six Sigma
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2517:Domain-driven
2515:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2505:architect-led
2503:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2448:Configuration
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2413:Brainstorming
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2385:
2381:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2346:Social design
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2269:Filter design
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2244:Boiler design
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2218:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2196:Scenic design
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2181:Floral design
2179:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1933:
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1928:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1888:Garden design
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1872:
1871:Passive solar
1869:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1846:Environmental
1843:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1808:Retail design
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1774:
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1769:
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1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1726:Communication
1723:
1719:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1674:
1672:
1667:
1665:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1648:
1646:0-321-43206-1
1642:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1623:0-201-37937-6
1619:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1542:
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1366:Buxton, Bill
1350:. DIS 2000.
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2279:Work design
2254:Drug design
2226:engineering
2100:Icon design
2078:Game design
2056:Interaction
2004:Sustainable
1937:Sustainable
1826:Type design
1803:Photography
1798:News design
1741:Book design
1736:Advertising
1715:Disciplines
1604:Raskin, Jef
1586:Basic Books
947:nngroup.com
403:affordances
397:, mapping,
373:kinesiology
214:consistency
158:Alan Cooper
3554:Categories
3538:Wiktionary
3531:Wikisource
3485:technology
3455:principles
3054:Storyboard
2880:management
2875:leadership
2840:Privacy by
2679:Parametric
2649:Metadesign
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2594:Generative
2589:Functional
2458:Continuous
2453:Contextual
2428:C-K theory
2388:Approaches
2130:Web design
1984:CMF design
1964:Industrial
1822:Typography
1500:Kolko, Jon
1422:About Face
1409:0672316498
863:3 December
629:References
381:psychology
377:physiology
343:aesthetics
256:Don Norman
244:See also:
160:argues in
120:Olivetti's
3575:Usability
3524:Wikiquote
3510:Wikibooks
3460:rationale
3425:knowledge
3400:education
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3044:Prototype
3029:Flowchart
2987:Blueprint
2855:computing
2791:Universal
2739:Safe-life
2644:Low-level
2634:Iterative
2614:Inclusive
2599:Geodesign
2490:Defensive
2438:Co-design
2408:Affective
1614:ACM Press
1527:MIT Press
1456:. Wiley.
1329:MIT Press
1066:CiteSeerX
1040:1559-1131
1026:(4): 27.
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790:MIT Press
748:Verplank.
596:Usability
449:usability
351:usability
341:, color,
226:viscosity
172:Usability
130:, Italy.
106:In 1990,
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60:The term
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3450:paradigm
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2478:Critical
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1502:(2009).
1402:. Sams.
1394:(1999).
1368:(2005).
1272:Archived
1254:Archived
1228:Archived
1224:ixda.org
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973:Archived
951:Archived
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782:(2007).
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492:See also
429:and the
310:Behavior
186:Personas
181:Personas
137:founded
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3420:history
3388:student
3373:classic
3361:Design
3275:.design
3203:Graphex
2905:science
2895:pattern
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2865:culture
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2512:Diffuse
2433:Closure
2155:Ceramic
1813:Signage
1696:Outline
1303:19 July
1186:6 March
682:18 July
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3565:Design
3480:studio
3465:review
3445:museum
3368:change
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2955:Awards
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