138:): The blood samples were collected in a set of lithium heparin tubes; The first tube without stimulation was left as a control; the second tube was stimulated with a single SARS-CoV-2 peptide pool for CD4+ T cells and the third tube was stimulated with a SARS-CoV-2 peptide pool for CD8+ T cells; the fourth tube was stimulated with mitogen as positive control. A single CD4+ T-cell mega pool (CD4+ pool) consisted of 221 predicted HLA class II CD4+ T-cell epitope peptides covering the entire viral proteome except for the spike protein, which was covered with 253 15-mer peptides overlapping by 10 residues and 2 CD8+ T-cell mega pools (CD8+ pools A and B) together consisting of 628 predicted HLA class I CD8+ T-cell epitopes from the entire SARS-CoV-2 proteome. After an overnight stimulation of the T-cells, the IFN-γ concentration in the plasma fraction was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in international units per milliliter (IU/mL) (Murugesan et al, 2021).
440:
158:
Murugesan, Kanagavel; Jagannathan, Prasanna; Pham, Tho D.; Pandey, Suchitra; Bonilla, Hector F.; Jacobson, Karen; Parsonnet, Julie; Andrews, Jason R.; Weiskopf, Daniela; Sette, Alessandro; Pinsky, Benjamin A.; Singh, Upinder; Banaei, Niaz (2021).
898:
843:
208:
Halevy, S.; Cohen, A.; Grossman, N. (2005). "Clinical implications of in vitro drug-induced interferon-gamma release from peripheral blood lymphocytes in cutaneous adverse drug reactions".
888:
878:
863:
544:
38:(IFN-γ) release assays rely on the fact that T-lymphocytes will release IFN-γ when exposed to specific antigens. These tests are mostly developed for the field of
127:
The indications for the test are still disputed. It has been evaluated for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis in HIV patients (who frequently have a negative
833:
828:
699:
61:, the challenge of peripheral blood lymphocytes with the drug causing the reaction produced a positive test result for half of the drugs tested.
873:
326:
704:
512:
259:"Utility of interferon-γ ELISPOT assay responses in highly tuberculosis-exposed patients with advanced HIV infection in South Africa"
640:
868:
694:
508:
439:
429:
994:
838:
823:
848:
984:
367:
161:"Interferon-γ Release Assay for Accurate Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 T-Cell Response"
1030:
959:
782:
478:
319:
109:
807:
747:
424:
397:
929:
497:
934:
714:
576:
517:
457:
382:
1009:
999:
893:
489:
402:
351:
42:, but in theory, may be used in the diagnosis of other diseases that rely on cell-mediated immunity, e.g.
39:
1035:
989:
883:
650:
595:
502:
312:
58:
757:
939:
853:
471:
407:
903:
858:
464:
414:
387:
68:
522:
360:
290:
225:
190:
17:
787:
372:
280:
270:
243:
217:
180:
172:
117:
1004:
777:
767:
737:
732:
727:
722:
64:
There are currently two IFN-γ release assays available for the diagnosis of tuberculosis:
43:
797:
35:
742:
392:
285:
258:
185:
160:
1024:
792:
762:
620:
448:
47:
979:
969:
954:
802:
635:
625:
581:
559:
377:
335:
128:
113:
31:
908:
772:
658:
630:
610:
605:
532:
30:
are medical tests used in the diagnosis of some infectious diseases, especially
221:
974:
752:
615:
600:
549:
419:
356:
666:
590:
564:
554:
537:
74:
55:
294:
275:
229:
194:
176:
101:
964:
135:
121:
90:
51:
899:
Phipps
Institute for the Study, Treatment and Prevention of Tuberculosis
913:
78:
949:
944:
676:
671:
98:
94:
82:
308:
304:
844:
European and
Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership
116:. The latter test determines the total number of individual
889:
879:
International Union
Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
864:
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and
Malaria
134:
IFN-γ release assays for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (
922:
816:
713:
687:
649:
575:
488:
447:
342:
108:, which are distinguishable from those present in
545:Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility assay
257:Lawn SD, Bangani N, Vogt M, et al. (2007).
210:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
834:Center for Global Infectious Disease Research
320:
8:
829:Campaign for Access to Essential Medicines
327:
313:
305:
89:The former test quantitates the amount of
85:(licensed in Europe, US, Japan and China).
284:
274:
184:
700:Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
147:
71:(licensed in US, Europe and Japan); and
874:International Congress on Tuberculosis
7:
153:
151:
705:Totally drug-resistant tuberculosis
28:Interferon-γ release assays (IGRA)
25:
54:. For example, in patients with
869:Global Plan to Stop Tuberculosis
695:Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
438:
112:and most other non-tuberculous
528:Interferon gamma release assay
430:Post-tuberculosis lung disease
244:"How the T-SPOT.TB Test Works"
18:Interferon-gamma release assay
1:
995:Tuberculosis in human culture
839:Cure Cottages of Saranac Lake
824:Adirondack Cottage Sanitarium
165:Clinical Infectious Diseases
93:produced in response to the
985:Tuberculosis classification
368:Extrapulmonary tuberculosis
1052:
960:List of tuberculosis cases
479:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
222:10.1016/j.jaad.2004.05.006
106:Mycobacterium tuberculosis
849:Glen Lake Children's Camp
808:Edward Livingston Trudeau
748:Friedrich Franz Friedmann
436:
425:Giant multinucleated cell
398:Tuberculous lymphadenitis
930:Tuberculosis elimination
509:Löwenstein–Jensen medium
935:2007 tuberculosis scare
715:History of tuberculosis
518:Chest photofluorography
458:Mycobacterium africanum
263:BMC Infectious Diseases
1010:World Tuberculosis Day
1000:Tuberculosis radiology
894:National Jewish Health
490:Tuberculosis diagnosis
403:Tuberculous meningitis
352:Pulmonary tuberculosis
276:10.1186/1471-2334-7-99
59:adverse drug reactions
40:tuberculosis diagnosis
990:Tuberculosis in China
884:Millennium Foundation
596:4-Aminosalicylic acid
503:Auramine phenol stain
449:Mycobacterium species
345:associated conditions
940:Baumgarten-Tangl law
854:Glen Lake Sanatorium
472:Mycobacterium caprae
408:Miliary tuberculosis
383:Canga's bead symptom
343:Symptoms, signs and
177:10.1093/cid/ciaa1537
904:Stop TB Partnership
859:Glenn Dale Hospital
498:Ziehl–Neelsen stain
465:Mycobacterium bovis
415:Latent tuberculosis
69:QuantiFERON-TB Gold
758:Philip D'Arcy Hart
171:(9): e3130–e3132.
1031:Immunologic tests
1018:
1017:
523:GeneXpert MTB/RIF
81:, the variant of
16:(Redirected from
1043:
788:Mario Raviglione
442:
388:Prosector's wart
373:Caseous necrosis
329:
322:
315:
306:
299:
298:
288:
278:
254:
248:
247:
240:
234:
233:
205:
199:
198:
188:
155:
118:effector T cells
21:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1005:Tygerberg score
918:
812:
778:Charles Mantoux
768:George M. Heath
738:Christopher Dye
733:Albert Calmette
728:Hermann Brehmer
723:Manuel de Abreu
709:
683:
645:
579:
571:
484:
443:
434:
344:
338:
333:
303:
302:
256:
255:
251:
242:
241:
237:
207:
206:
202:
157:
156:
149:
144:
44:cytomegalovirus
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1049:
1047:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1023:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
926:
924:
920:
919:
917:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
820:
818:
814:
813:
811:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
783:Richard Morton
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
743:Marcos Espinal
740:
735:
730:
725:
719:
717:
711:
710:
708:
707:
702:
697:
691:
689:
685:
684:
682:
681:
680:
679:
674:
669:
661:
655:
653:
647:
646:
644:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
587:
585:
573:
572:
570:
569:
568:
567:
562:
557:
547:
542:
541:
540:
535:
525:
520:
515:
505:
500:
494:
492:
486:
485:
483:
482:
475:
468:
461:
453:
451:
445:
444:
437:
435:
433:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
411:
410:
405:
400:
395:
393:Lupus vulgaris
390:
385:
380:
375:
365:
364:
363:
361:Ghon's complex
348:
346:
340:
339:
334:
332:
331:
324:
317:
309:
301:
300:
249:
235:
216:(2): 254–261.
200:
146:
145:
143:
140:
87:
86:
72:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1048:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
927:
925:
921:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
821:
819:
817:Organizations
815:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
763:F. R. G. Heaf
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
720:
718:
716:
712:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
692:
690:
686:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
664:
663:Experimental
662:
660:
657:
656:
654:
652:
648:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
621:Thioacetazone
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
586:
583:
578:
574:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
552:
551:
548:
546:
543:
539:
536:
534:
531:
530:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
510:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
495:
493:
491:
487:
481:
480:
476:
474:
473:
469:
467:
466:
462:
460:
459:
455:
454:
452:
450:
446:
441:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
370:
369:
366:
362:
358:
355:
354:
353:
350:
349:
347:
341:
337:
330:
325:
323:
318:
316:
311:
310:
307:
296:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
268:
264:
260:
253:
250:
245:
239:
236:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
204:
201:
196:
192:
187:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
154:
152:
148:
141:
139:
137:
132:
130:
125:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
100:
96:
92:
84:
80:
76:
73:
70:
67:
66:
65:
62:
60:
57:
53:
49:
48:leishmaniasis
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
19:
1036:Tuberculosis
980:Sunshine Way
970:Preventorium
955:Iowa Cow War
803:Madonna Swan
798:Lucius Rüedi
636:Pyrazinamide
626:Streptomycin
582:ATC code J04
560:Mantoux test
527:
477:
470:
463:
456:
378:Pott disease
336:Tuberculosis
266:
262:
252:
238:
213:
209:
203:
168:
164:
133:
129:Mantoux test
126:
114:mycobacteria
105:
88:
77:, a form of
63:
36:Interferon-γ
32:tuberculosis
27:
26:
909:TB Alliance
773:Robert Koch
659:BCG vaccine
631:Bedaquiline
611:Cycloserine
606:Capreomycin
533:QuantiFERON
507:Culture on
120:expressing
1025:Categories
975:Sanatorium
793:Carl Rüedi
753:Max Gerson
688:Resistance
616:Rifampicin
601:Ethambutol
577:Management
550:Tuberculin
420:Paronychia
357:Ghon focus
142:References
667:M72/AS01E
591:Isoniazid
565:Tine test
555:Heaf test
538:T-SPOT.TB
75:T-SPOT.TB
56:cutaneous
965:Plombage
651:Vaccines
295:17725839
230:15692470
195:33035306
136:COVID-19
102:antigens
52:COVID-19
914:Unitaid
641:Rifater
511:and/or
286:2031899
186:7665338
79:ELISpot
950:ESAT-6
945:CFP-10
677:RBCG30
672:MVA85A
293:
283:
269:: 99.
228:
193:
183:
99:CFP-10
95:ESAT-6
923:Other
122:IFN-γ
104:from
91:IFN-γ
83:ELISA
513:MGIT
291:PMID
226:PMID
191:PMID
97:and
50:and
46:and
281:PMC
271:doi
218:doi
181:PMC
173:doi
131:).
110:BCG
34:.
1027::
359:/
289:.
279:.
265:.
261:.
224:.
214:52
212:.
189:.
179:.
169:73
167:.
163:.
150:^
124:.
584:)
580:(
328:e
321:t
314:v
297:.
273::
267:7
246:.
232:.
220::
197:.
175::
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.