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intermediate language, of which the compact, binary serialized representation is also referred to as "bitcode" and has been productized by Apple. Like GIMPLE Bytecode, LLVM Bitcode is useful in link-time optimization. Like GCC, LLVM also targets some IRs meant for direct distribution, including
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which do not output object or machine code themselves, but output the intermediate language only. This intermediate language is submitted to a compiler for such language, which then outputs finished object or machine code. This is usually done to ease the process of
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is a toolbox for binary files analysis and reverse-engineering. It uses the intermediate languages ESIL and REIL to analyze binary files.
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and re-arrangement before execution. Use of an intermediate representation such as this allows compiler systems like the
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code for a target machine. The design of an intermediate language typically differs from that of a practical
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The ILOC intermediate language is used in classes on compiler design as a simple target language.
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Data structure or code used internally by a compiler or virtual machine to represent source code
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of any particular source or target language. An IR may take one of several forms: an in-memory
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by W. A. Barrett 2007, paraphrasing Keith Cooper and Linda
Torczon, "Engineering a Compiler",
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While most intermediate languages are designed to support statically typed languages, the
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transforms the linear human-readable text representing a program into an intermediate
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Each instruction represents exactly one fundamental operation; e.g. "shift-add"
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551:. Languages used for this fall in complexity between high-level languages and
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is designed to support dynamically typed languages—initially Perl and Python.
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399:– capable of representing the source code without loss of information – and
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30:"Intermediate form" redirects here. For the use of the term in biology, see
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is an intermediate language designed to be shared by all compilers for the
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The term is also used to refer to languages used as intermediates by some
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and other operating systems has made it a popular intermediate language:
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A canonical example is found in most modern compilers. For example, the
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readable by the program. In the latter case it is also called an
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tools often use an intermediate representation. For instance,
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by using an intermediate language that has compilers for many
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Though not explicitly designed as an intermediate language,
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678:, before static or dynamic compilation to machine code.
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information may not be included in the instruction set.
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GCC supports generating these IRs, as a final target:
927:"The Challenge of Cross-language Interoperability"
797:. A further development within LLVM is the use of
446:to be used by many different source languages to
902:"CS320: Compilers: Intermediate Representation"
519:A popular format for intermediate languages is
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661:can be considered an intermediate language:
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799:Multi-Level Intermediate Representation
515:available may be large, even limitless.
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1151:Programming language classification
784:compiler framework is based on the
474:. The term comes from their use in
470:designed to aid in the analysis of
683:Parrot intermediate representation
302:Notable compilers & toolchains
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1083:. Radare2 Project. Archived from
1106:Sebastian Porst (7 March 2010).
838:Interlingual machine translation
774:LLVM Intermediate Representation
528:high-level programming languages
925:Chow, Fred (22 November 2013).
571:'s nature as an abstraction of
958:"Intermediate Representations"
1:
375:or code used internally by a
1108:"The REIL language – Part I"
735:. Among these languages are
691:is used by compilers on the
672:Common Intermediate Language
259:target-specific initializer)
981:. Hacker News. 10 June 2015
618:'s Smalltalk-subset Slang,
490:in three fundamental ways:
365:intermediate representation
86:Intermediate representation
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1067:"CISC 471 Compiler Design"
1001:"LLVM Bitcode File Format"
741:Register Transfer Language
450:for many different target
29:
864:Source-to-source compiler
653:Any language targeting a
979:"Bitcode (iOS, watchOS)"
575:and its ubiquity as the
1132:The Stanford SUIF Group
729:GNU Compiler Collection
648:C Intermediate Language
440:GNU Compiler Collection
310:GNU Compiler Collection
235:Common Language Runtime
1079:Radare2 Contributors.
769:HSA Intermediate Layer
466:is the language of an
395:. A "good" IR must be
165:Compilation strategies
1146:Compiler construction
464:intermediate language
458:Intermediate language
421:intermediate language
190:Compile and go system
18:Intermediate language
848:Abstract syntax tree
263:Java virtual machine
185:Tracing just-in-time
1036:"An ILOC Simulator"
855:(Intermediate code)
555:languages, such as
513:processor registers
428:CPython interpreter
79:Optimizing compiler
32:Transitional fossil
1041:2009-05-07 at the
746:the tree language
557:assembly languages
521:three-address code
1087:on 18 August 2015
733:cross-compilation
640:assembly language
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502:are not present.
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468:abstract machine
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859:Symbol table
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642:, including
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506:Control flow
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434:that allows
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389:optimization
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179:Just-in-time
152:Machine code
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72:Compile time
36:
963:12 February
956:Toal, Ray.
941:12 February
910:12 February
537:portability
401:independent
393:translation
385:source code
293:Zend Engine
274:Objective-C
142:Object code
137:Source code
114:Interpreter
62:Translation
1140:Categories
1003:. llvm.org
884:References
547:, such as
541:processors
498:common in
109:Executable
931:ACM Queue
789:Google's
695:platform.
632:SystemTap
584:Unix-like
563:Languages
553:low-level
476:compilers
371:) is the
318:and
286:and
276:and
246:and
157:Microcode
92:Execution
1049:, 2004.
1039:Archived
853:Bytecode
827:See also
646:and the
600:dialects
577:de facto
573:assembly
397:accurate
377:compiler
231:(Erlang)
147:Bytecode
67:Compiler
1114:17 June
1091:17 June
1007:17 June
985:17 June
821:Radare2
793:IR and
786:LLVM IR
756:-based
748:GENERIC
598:, some
596:Esterel
484:machine
415:-based
288:Node.js
244:CPython
102:Runtime
1081:"ESIL"
1053:
1023:"MLIR"
758:GIMPLE
722:p-code
719:Pascal
708:MATLAB
699:O-code
624:Cython
616:Squeak
612:Gambit
592:Sather
588:Eiffel
480:object
269:LuaJIT
181:(JIT)
878:UNCOL
812:Other
791:PNaCl
743:(RTL)
693:IBM i
628:Seed7
413:stack
411:- or
409:tuple
320:Clang
312:(GCC)
295:(PHP)
278:Swift
265:(JVM)
225:(ART)
175:(AOT)
1116:2015
1093:2015
1051:ISBN
1009:2015
987:2015
965:2016
943:2016
937:(10)
912:2016
871:and
833:BURS
803:MLIR
795:SPIR
782:LLVM
780:The
752:the
727:The
703:BCPL
701:for
689:TIMI
636:Vala
608:Lush
604:Lisp
543:and
444:LLVM
442:and
417:code
391:and
325:MSVC
316:LLVM
253:crt0
248:PyPy
239:Mono
229:BEAM
88:(IR)
57:Code
754:SSA
657:or
644:C--
620:Nim
614:),
602:of
582:in
482:or
462:An
379:or
363:An
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892:^
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622:,
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