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Moves towards registration of plant names; extensive re-arrangement of the nomenclature code; official version of the code only in (British) English; later translations in
Chinese, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Russian, and Slovak; conservation extended to all species names; rejection permitted
884:
did not result in any legislative action but were followed by an attempt to assess first the real scope of the problem before changing the rules. This may seem a minor step forward. In fact I believe it is the first real progress that has been made towards solving this difficult problem. Preface by
894:"As before, the Nomenclature Section decided that the Code should be published in English, French and German languages. The three texts are all official, but, should there be any inconsistency between the versions, it is agree to regard the English one arbitrarily as correct." Preface by J. Lanjouw
49:
The IBC has the power to alter the ICN (International Code of
Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants), which was renamed from the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) at the XVIII IBC. Formally the power resides with the Plenary Session; in practice this approves the decisions of
429:
Presentation of a completely reworked list of conserved and rejected names necessitated by changes made at the 1930 congress, but the list for species was not accepted. Decision that rules of priority do not apply above the rank of family. Starting point for family names to be
46:) and held every six years, with the location rotating between different continents. The current numbering system for the congresses starts from the year 1900; the XX IBC was in Madrid, Spain, July 2024. The XXI IBC is planned to be in Cape Town, South Africa, in July 2029.
575:
Official versions of the code in
English, French, and German (the English version to take precedence in case of discrepancy); conservation procedure (and rejection) extended to species names "of major economic importance"; fungi starting date restored to 1753 with
62:
Prior to the first
International Botanical Congress, local congresses concerned with natural sciences generally had grown to be very large, and a more specialized but also international meeting was considered desirable. The first annual IBC was held in 1864 in
538:
Official versions of the code in
English, French, and German (the English version to take precedence in case of discrepancy); rejection of species names allowed in a few special cases; organ-genera for fossil plants are eliminated, replaced by
288:
method incorporated; Latin requirement deferred until 1932; "absolute homonym rule" accepted, or "once a later homonym always illegitimate (unless conserved)", which altered the status of many names, including many that had previously been
396:
Two additional principles added, II and III, dealing with types and with priority. Proposals to conserve or reject specific names were rejected, but a committee was established to find ways to improve the stability of names.
745:
Electronic publication permitted; registration of fungal names; English or Latin descriptions (or diagnoses) from 2012; the concepts of anamorph and teleomorph (for fungi) and morphotaxa (for fossils) eliminated.
364:; arbitrary dates defined for some foundational works; decision to hold future congresses every five years (except four years for the next one). For fossil plants, organ genera and form genera were introduced.
612:
Official version of the code only in (British) English; later translations in French, German, and
Japanese; conservation extended to species names that represent the type of a conserved generic name.
50:
the
Nomenclature Section. The Nomenclature Section meets before the actual Congress and deals with all proposals to modify the Code: this includes ratifying recommendations from sub-committees on
361:
98:, which made some small changes to the laws of nomenclature. Subsequent meetings are as follows in the table below. The "Code" column shows whether a code of nomenclature was adopted.
580:
status established; the types of genera and higher categories become the types of species (i.e., the taxa themselves are no longer types, only specimens or illustrations).
1257:
1360:
681:
requirements; illustrations as types mostly forbidden from 1958; morphotaxa for fossils. Proposals defeated included the BioCode and registration of plant names.
1216:
54:. To reduce the risk of a hasty decision the Nomenclature Section adopts a 60% majority requirement for any change not already recommended by a committee.
1162:
Lanjouw, J.; Baehni, C.; Robyns, W.; Ross, R.; Rousseau, J.; Schopf, J.M.; Schulze, G.M.; Smith, A.C.; Vilmorin, R.d.; Stafleu, F.A.; et al. (1961),
1333:
503:
1272:
94:. Regular international botanical and/or horticultural congresses were held but made no further changes to nomenclature until the 1892 meeting in
968:
864:
are examined and revised at each
International Botanical Congress, held every six years. As of 2021, Scott Alan Redhead chairs the committee.
1164:
Code
International de la Nomenclature Botanique/International Code of Botanical Nomenclature/Internationaler Code der botanischen Nomenklatur
799:
The 2023 IBC in Brazil was cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic, combined with the serious economic impact and social disruption
Hundreds of
185:; French became the official language of the meeting; requirement for Latin plant descriptions from 1908 onwards (not enforced); end of the
713:
Morphotaxa and regular taxa for fossils; illustrations as types mostly forbidden from 2007; glossary added to the code of nomenclature.
83:
939:
Actes du Congrés international de botanique tenu a Paris en août 1867, sous les auspices de la Société botanique de France (1867)
82:
The fourth congress, which had as one of its principal purposes to establish laws of botanical nomenclature, was organized by la
297:
was not published until 1935. This code was accepted by previous proponents of the American Code, ending a period of schism.
1339:
1355:
923:
XI International Botanical Congress, University of Washington, Seattle, U.S.A., August 24–September 2, 1969. Proceedings
1166:, Utrecht: International Bureau for Plant Taxonomy and Nomenclature of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy
431:
438:
1789. Choice among French, English, and German official codes of English as the standard in case of discrepancy.
861:
1300:
1251:
328:
English became the official language of the Congress, replacing French. No formal Code was published.
972:
937:
800:
91:
72:
67:, in conjunction with an international horticultural exhibit. At the second annual congress (held in
656:
540:
645:
for any name that would cause a disadvantageous nomenclatural change; epitype concept introduced.
1197:
1139:
1096:
1061:
1019:
853:
19:
1104:
1230:
Knapp, S. & Wen, J. (2021). "INTERNATIONAL BOTANICAL CONGRESS MOVING TO MADRID IN 2024".
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232:
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276:
75:
made a proposal to standardize botanical nomenclature, and the third congress (held in
51:
1349:
1273:"In a first, botanists vote to remove offensive plant names from hundreds of species"
1041:
669:
494:
245:
819:
530:
999:
921:
Stafleu, F.A. (1970). "A century of botanical congresses". In R.C. Starr (ed.).
321:
16:
International meeting of botanists in all scientific fields held every six years
957:. Genoa: Genova, Tip. del R. Istituto sordo-muti – via Internet Archive.
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every six years. The internationally agreed rules that regulate how fungi are
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79:) resolved that this matter would be dealt with by the next congress.
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of the IBC, appointed to discuss the international rules applied to
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18:
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in August 1867. The laws adopted were based on those prepared by
1340:
International Association of Botanical and Mycological Societies
40:
International Association of Botanical and Mycological Societies
221:
Separate starting dates for nomenclature of fungi established.
925:. NC: XI International Botanical Congress, Inc. pp. 9–21.
1079:
Weatherby, C.A. (1949). "Botanical Nomenclature Since 1867".
1122:
Stafleu, F.A. (1954). "Nomenclature at the Paris Congress".
1042:"Nomina generica conservanda et rejicienda spermatophytorum"
955:"Atti del Congresso botanico internazionale di Genova 1892"
100:
844:
The Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF) is a permanent
362:
International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants
953:
International Botanical Congress (February 11, 1893).
1180:Stafleu, F.A. (1964). "Nomenclature at Edinburgh".
880:"The proposals concerning the question of possible
1271:Rodrigo Pérez Ortega, Erik Stokstad (2024-07-24).
803:-related species names were voted to be changed.
8:
1256:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1175:
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882:nomina specifica conservanda c.q. rejicienda
38:in all scientific fields, authorized by the
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23:Postage stamp (USSR) for the 1975 congress
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504:International Association of Bryologists
1004:Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
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1361:International scientific organizations
1249:
118:Major actions concerning nomenclature
1305:International Mycological Association
1040:Rickett, H.W.; Stafleu, F.A. (1959).
1000:"A History of Botanical Nomenclature"
7:
252:Decisions on nomenclature deferred.
149:Decisions on nomenclature deferred.
1301:"Nomenclature Committee for Fungi"
14:
34:) is an international meeting of
1334:International Botanical Congress
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470:No major changes to the code.
1:
936:Alphonse de Candolle (1867).
856:. The members of the NCF are
84:Société botanique de France
1377:
1214:This is a contrast to the
1081:American Journal of Botany
432:Antoine Laurent de Jussieu
1287:10.1126/science.z3dptab
998:Nicolson, D.H. (1991).
942:. Paris, G. Bailliére.
360:Adoption of the first
24:
183:Rules of Nomenclature
22:
1336:at Wikimedia Commons
92:Alphonse de Candolle
86:, and took place in
1356:Botanical societies
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902:References
885:J. Lanjouw
835:Committees
846:committee
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69:Amsterdam
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